D P TMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL THE OLDIER'S GUIDE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY JUNE 1952 D E P AR T i\llENT OF TllEARMY FIELD MANUAL FM 21-1 3 This manual Ju poJedtJ 21 - /1 , kfiNt ary C01l 1tt'_'Y, 'U ll dattd and tOI1 ,t IIfT wil h 22-5, Dr ill and CCTL"mo.ll ir.{, ? } lInt 1950 . l'ltptfJldt r Fil-! 22-5, Ltodt1'Jhip . C;OllT tt!JY, and Dr ill. 1 Ftbruary 19'16, C3 , 21 j anllary 19-17; C 4,8 j uly 1949; and C) , 21 Df((mbfT J?49 THE SOLDIER'S GUIDE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARiv!Y J UN E 1952 Umted States Govanment Printing Offi ce Washington : 1952 For sale by thp. of U. S, GO\'el'DW p. llt Print ing Offi c'e, 'Vn. hing ton 25, D. 55 cell t s I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY VlJ\SI([ 1'\ GTON 25, D. c., 2 4 Ju ne 1952 FM 2I-I 3 is published for the information and :A all concerned. By OIWJ.R OF THE S),CRETARY OF THE ARMY; CONTENTS --, CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION What this manual is about. You, an American soldier. Your fll tllre . . . . ...... . . ... . . 2. HISTORY AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR ARMY What Army h istory means ....... . . . . . . .. .. 5 175 years of fig h ting. . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. 12 What so proudly we hail ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 25 Your olltfi t. . . ................ . . . . . 28 Colors a nd standards . .. .. .. . . . 30 Decorations and ba tdehonors 36 Insignia ... 43 What's in a name. 58 Customs and ceremonies. 63 3. KNOW YOUR ARMY Section 1. The Army and National Defense. Where do you fit ? : . . . ... .. . . . ...... . ... . 69 The people, the Congress, and the President. 69 The Department of Defense. 72 The Department of the Army ....... . 75 II. Components of the United States Army. Where does the Army get men? . 79 The Regular Army. .. . . .... : ..... . .. . 79 The National Guard of the United St at es . 79 The Army Reserve. 80 111. The Army in the field. From squad to di vision .... . . .... . . 81 Speci al units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 83 Triangular organization of our Army . 85 The chain of command. 86 OFFlCI.\L: \VM. E. BEn.GIN Major Genem/, USA The ,1djuttl llt General DlSTRIBCTlON: ActillC ,1rnzy: J. LAWTON COLLINS Chief of Staff United States Army Tech Svc (1); Admin & Tech Svc Bd (2); AFF (40); AA Comd (5); OS Maj Comd (10); Base Comd (5); MDW (5); Log Comd (5); A (IO); CHQ (5); Div ( 15) Tng Div (25); Brig (5); Regt (5); Bn (5) ; Co (2); FT (5); Sch (50); PMS & T (2); Dep (2); Hosp (2); RTC (500 ); RC (roOD); Pers Cen (2); POE (2); OSD (2); PRGR (2); Ars (2); Dspln Bk (IO); Ret Sta (2); Disp (2); Div Engr (2); Mil Dist (3), MAAG (5); Mil Mi s (5); Arma (5). NG: Same as Active Army. ORC: Same as Active Army. For explanation of distribution formula, see SR 3IO-90-I. CHA PTER 3. KNOW YOUR ARMY-Continued Section IV. The ar ms and services , The r igh t unit for the right job , ' The Women's Army Corps . It 's all the same Army , . V. Army geography, The thea tel' of war , The thea ter of operations, The zone of interior , Summary, CHAPTER 4. THE SOLDIER 'S CODE IV Sectioll I. Your duty as a soldier , These things you Owe , , A different life now, The best teward, ' II. The responsibility of group life, Share and share ali ke, III , You and your officers, There has to be a leadet , , , Why otders? , You've taken orders before, Your attitude, W, Military discipline, It isn'r punishment. " , , . , .. . Ie's not new , How it works in the Army . ' , . . . , .. , . ' , , The measure of discipline. Discipline is an honor",.,, " " , . . . . V, Leadership, Can you measure up? , Thi s might happen to you , Principle is rhe same, Learn to rake orders first . , .. , , . , . ' V I , Militaty courresy, What does it mean? , It works both ways , , , , , . , , , , , . . . . ' Importance of the salute , Why salute proudly? Reporting to an officer , 113 Red Cross and Army Emergency Relief, ' . 140 Page 88 89 90 91 91 91 94 95 96 96 98 100 100 101 101 102 103 103 104 105 105 106 107 107 107 108 109 109 CHAPTER 4. THE SOLDI ER'S CODE- Continued Sectiolt VI. Military Courtesy-Cominucd P rlge Salures in vehicles, , 114 Saluting on guard duty , 115 Saluting in groups. , ' . , , , , , , , , , 115 OtlIer courtesies to individuals, 116 Honors to the National Anthem or "To the Colors (Standard)", 117 Other honors, 118 Uncoveting , 119 Titles, , 119 V II. The character or' a sold ier. The thi ngs you are . 120 VIII. Summary, What does it all mean? , 123 CHAPTER 5. INDI VI DUAL INTERESTS Section I , You'te the world's best paid soldier. Youtpay" 124 Allotm,llCs, 124 Stoppages, 125 Taxes, 125 Savings, , , , , , , , " . ' 125 Insurance , 126 Other benefi tS , 126 II . 10u're the world 's best dtessed soldier. You buy your ow n clothes , 127 There 's only one way to wcar it , , 129 You are representing the Army, 130 The Army cosrs money , 131 Your personal equipment, 131 III. Personal affairs. The Army will help you , 134 Your company commander, 134 Lea ves and passes , 134 You and your fami ly , 136 Legal matters. 137 Burial rights , nil The church and the chaplain, , 139 Memorize your guard ord"rs .. . . . . .. ..... . 170 172 The four F' s of fighting . Find 'em. 211 211 CHAPTER 5. INDI VIDUAL INTERESTS-Continued SWion IV. The Caret r guidance program. PMe What is career guidance/ . 141 You WOll't always get wha t you wane. 141 What is the purpose of career guidance? 142 There aI'" many Opportunities. 142 Your"MOS" . . ............... . 142Tests and interviews. 143 Your assignment ..... .. ....... .. .... . 143 Prepare now for those stripes ..... .. . . .. . . 146V. The Army school system. Troop' and service schools ..... . 147Officer candidate school s. 148 The United States Military Academy. 148 Troop infotmation and ed ucation. 151VI. YOllr leisure time activities. Sports . 153Day rooms . 154Setvice clubs . 154Libraries. 154 Hobby shops .... . .. ... . 155POSt movies. 155Tht: exchange ..... ... . . 155 Guest houses .... ........ .. . 156 CHAPTER 6. M ILITARY SCIENCE Section I. YOur militaty education. The barrie is the pay-off. 157Your training library . 157 The science of the soldier. 158II. Drill. Why drill? 159III. Inspections. Why do we have inspections? 161 Types of inspections ....... " .. . .. . . .. . . 162 Di splay of equipmef.IC and clothing .. " .. . . .. . 167IV. Ineerior guard. Its purpose is proteCtion ... .... .. . . 169 Composition of the guard .. .... .. .. . . 170 You start as a priva te of the guard . . .... . . . . CHAPTER 6. MILI TARY SCIENCE-Continued Jectioll IV. Incerior guanl-Comillued rage General orders 172 . Special orders .... . .... . 173 V. Protter your o\\'n health . Do your part ... .. .. ... '... . 174 Earl \' trtatment is eosenCial. 175 comes first . 177 Exercise makes you fi t .. 177 Care for your teeth .. 178 Avoid exposure . . 178 First aid is of first importance. 179 The first aid ,packet .. 182 Read t he manuals. 182 VI. Physical training. Team sports .. 186 VII. Communi ca tions . Whv are communications important? 186 met his Waterloo . . 187 Mudern war . . .. ... . , .. . . 187 Messengers . . 188 Sound signals .. 188 Visual signals. 189 Elecrri cal signals. . 189 VIII. Map and aerial phorograph readIng. Why learn to read a map? . 195 What is a map? 195 Symbols ..... .. " .... .. . ......... . 198 Aerial photographs and photomaps . 198 IX. Marchi ng. How the Army moves . 203 Why does the Army march? . 203 You'll be trained to travel . . 204 Marching is a sci emific way of walkIng .. 204 Care of the feet . 204 'Getting ready to march . 207 During the march .. 208 X. Combat training. The fighting man. 210 Memori ze yOur guard orders .......... . VI 170 172 The fou r F's of fighting. Find 'em . 211 211 CHAPTER 5. INDI VIDUA L INTERESTS-Continued Section W . The Career guidance program. What is career guidance? ...... . . . You won't always get what you want. What is the purpose of career guidance? There arc many opportunities . Your "MOS". . . .. . ......... . . Tes ts and interviews . Your assignment .. ..... ... ..... .... . , . Prepare now for those stri pes . V. The Army school system. Troop and ser vice schools. Oflicer cand ida te schools . . .... ... . . The United States Military Academy . Troop information and education. VI. Your lei su re time acti vities. Sporrs ............. . Day rooms ......... ... . Service clubs. Libraries . . ..... . ... . ... . Hobby shops. . ... . , ..... POSt movies. The exchange . Guest houses ............ . . . . . CHAPTER 6. MILITARY SCI ENCE Section I. Your military education. The battle is the pay-olI . . . . . . ... ... . . Your training library . The science of the soldier . II. Drill. Why drill? .. III. Inspections. Wby do we have inspections? Types of inspections . . ... .... ... . . . Di spla y of equipmefolt and clothing . IV. Interi or guard. Irs purpose is proteCtion . Composition of the guard .... .. .......... . . You Starr as a priva te of the guard .. .... ... . Page 141 141 142 142 142 143 143 146 147 148 148 151 153 154 154 154 ISS ISS ISS 156 157 157 158 159 161 162 167 169 .170 CHAPTER 6. St aiOIl IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. MILITARY SCIENCE-Continued guard- COntinucd ragl' Genetal o rders . 172 Spec ial orders . . ..... .. . 173 Protec t your own h::alth . Do your parr ...... .... .... . 174 Earh' t rea tment is essential . 175 comes first . 177 Exercise makes yo u fit . 177 Care for your teeth . 178 Avoid exposure . 178 First aid is of first importance .. 179 The firs t aid , packet . .. lS2 Read the man ual S .. 182 Physica l training. Team sports . 186 Communications. . ? Whv are communications Important. . 186 met his Waterloo . 187 Modern war . 187 Messengers . 188 Sound signals ..... . .. . . 18S Visual signal s .. 189 Electri cal signals. .' .... .. .. . 189 Map and aerial photograph readJng. Why learn to r ead a map? 195 What is a map? 195 Symbol s ...... ".. ..... ... .. .. ...... . 198 Aerial photOgraphs and photoma ps . 198 Marching. How the Army moves . 203 Why does the Army march? . 203 You'lI be trained ro travel ... . . 204 is a scientific way of walkmg. 204 Care of the feet .. 204 'Getting ready ro march . 207 During the march . 208 Combat training. The fighting man ... 210 CHAPTER 6. MILITARY SCIENCE-Continued SectiOlJ X. Combat training-Continued PageFix em. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fight 'en) . .. ..... . . 211 Finish 'em . . . . ... .. . .... . 212 Xl. 213 Defense attack. ABC destruction . '" . . , . "" 213Atomic anack . 214Biological artack. .. . . ..... . ..... 215Chemical attack. XII. Your weapons . 219 Your weapons are the best. You are responsibJe . . ......... . 219 Handle \ovi rh care . .. ...... . ..... . . . 219 . . . . ... ' .. . . . What they look 220 . . .. . ...... ' " 220 VII' ; This 1I1allual mpcru:de.r F}[ 21-14, Militt?ry COllrtesy, 1l11dmcd and togetlu'" with F.1l 22-5, Drill "lid C{,,.emoni,,,-, 2 lillie 1950 , mpersede.r FM 22- 5, L1 t' I ndlng and called for Stron " I "g] Ing ane rough this Sort f .1 b nell, J{egI111ents hrolr Ir Ir w L