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Flygteknik 2010 Oct 19 MIDCAS – Sense and Avoid for UAS Bengt-Göran Sundqvist, Saab AB. Mid Air Collisions. 2006 South America. LUNA (UAV) over Afghanistan. Combat training. 2002 Überlingen. Layers of Protection Against Mid Air Collisions. Strategic Conflict Management Procedures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Flygteknik 2010 Oct 19
MIDCAS – Sense and Avoid for UAS
Bengt-Göran Sundqvist, Saab AB
Mid Air Collisions
Combat training
2002 Überlingen
2006 South America
LUNA (UAV) over Afghanistan
Layers of Protection Against Mid Air Collisions
Strategic Conflict Management Procedures Regulations Flight plans
1.
2.
3.
Separation Provision Responsibility of ATC or the pilot
depending on airspace class and flight rules
“Don't scare others!”Collision Avoidance
This ultimate responsibility for avoiding collisions lies always with the pilot.
Mainly performed by the pilots ability to “See & Avoid”, i.e. the pilots eyes and his/hers ability to perform the correct decision and correct action.
“Don't scrape paint”
“The MIDCAS mission is to demonstrate the baseline of solutions for the UAS Midair Collision Avoidance Function (including separation), acceptable by the manned aviation community and being compatible with UAS operations in non-segregated airspace by 2015”
MIDCAS mission statement
MIDCAS scope has been defined with due consideration for the views of the main European stakeholders: EASA, EUROCONTROL, EUROCAE WG73
The project is designed with focus on 3 main tracks with high level of interaction and interdependency:1. Progress on Standards for S&A2. Design of a generic S&A function to be tested in simulations3. Design of a S&A demonstrator to be tested in flight
Scope of MIDCAS
The generic system shall support all UAS:• with maximum take off weight > 150 kg• in all airspace classes• operated according to Instrument Flight Rules • during both Visual and Instrument Metrological Conditions• during Day and Night operation• during enroute flight (include different types of manoeuvring such as climb, descent and turning).• above 3000ft with respect to ground• in congestion expected according to operation • operated according to the rules of the air
MIDCAS Contract
EDA is the contracting agency for the MIDCAS project on behalf of the contributing members (CM) Sweden (lead)
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Approx 50 MEuro budget – biggest single project within EDA Contract signed at the Paris Air Show, June 2009 with an industry
consortium of 13 partners from the 5 nations Project started 15 Sep 2009 and will run for 4 years
European Defense Agency
MIDCAS Schedule
Func. Designincl S/W
Implementation Design Verification Formal Verification& AW Testing
Flight TestManagement
CER PDR CDRMIDCAS
Demo
H/W Design Modification& Integration
Simulator TestSystems Eng.
Increment 1
Functional Flight TestsSensor Flight Tests
2010 2011 2012 2013
Non-segr Flight
Increment 2
Sensor H/WSystem H/W 1 (manned)
System H/W 2 (UAV)
Demonstrator SE
Sim development
1 2 3
1
Standardization support
Concept SE
Project management and Technical coordination
H/W Design
Tests in simulators
Tests in manned a/c
Functional Design
Systems Eng.
Tests in UAS
Management
Workshop withStakeholders
Assessment SEFunctional SE
Increment 3
Increment 4a
2
S&A Flights
Incr 4b
1 2
4
Normal System Engineering
1. Customer states: USER needs2. Concept of operation (CONOPS) and High level requirements
(HLR) are derived3. CONOPS + HLR + Standards are used to derive lower level
requirements and allocate these to design.4. Validation of requirements are performed in each step5. Verification of implementation at each integration step against
req on that level.6. Validating final product (design) against USER needs.7. Cash in.
But MIDCAS is not that easy! We lack• Well defined USER and thus user needs• Standard for S&A for UAS.• A product (the demonstrator will not fulfill the standard)
MIDCAS System Design Validation & Verification Process
Questions and current studies
A major aspect is quantification of qualitatively expressed “requirements”•ICAO Annex2 “Rules of the air”:
'pass well clear’ ‘head-on’
• ‘Compatible levels of safety as manned aviation’• ‘Good airmanship' • ‘TCAS compatibility’• ‘Nuisance free’• ‘Increased workload’
Sensor de-risking flight tests
Purpose is to gather data to be used for: development of image processing
algorithms sensor models for simulation
Two different types of sensors have been integrated into the nose of a CASA C-212 test aircraft
two visible band (EO) cameras one infrared (IR) camera
EO IR
Key issues
• Standardization support• Stakeholder workshops
Acceptance of requirements and solutions
• Feasibility Systems Engineering
Functional Design Validation of Requirement and concept
Demonstrator design Produceability
• Safety• Planned UAV flight in non-segregated airspace including discussions of the safety case with the Civil Aviation Authorities
Incremental approach with feedback from simulations, and test to the concept, requirement and design.
Questions!
Alenia Sky-Y
CASA 212
Manned and unmanned demonstrators