FLUORINEANDDENTAL CARIES*

by Royal l.ee, D.D.S.

President, Lee Foundation for Nutritional Research, Milicaukee, "Fi,col/sill

A few years ago the discovery wasmade that fluorine in food and waterhad an influence on the incidence oftooth decay. Just what are the facts inthis relationship?

As yet we are in the dark about thebasic biochemical principles involved.Regardless of that present situation ofignorance, we are being rushed by cer­tain interests into a headlong programfor adding fluorine. compounds to ourdrinking water long before we knowwhat the effects may he of such whole­sale drugging of the population.

The general facts regarding the causesof tooth decay 'Yere reviewed in a paperprepared by myself back in 1923. (1 )A survey of the literature at that timeshowed that tooth decay was greatesthv far in children who had such poornutrition that their resistance was low­ered not only to tooth decay, but also toan other diseases of childhood. Amongschool children, the ones that were re­latively immune to dental caries werethe same ones who had not had thevarious children's dis e a s e s such asmeasles, mumps, scarlet fever, frequentcolds, etc.

It was evident that the endocrine~land system of the child that had failedto get good food was weakened so thatthey were more susceptible to any in-

o All address to the Lakeland Women's Club,La/,dalld. Florida, January 3, 1952.

1

fectious condition including tooth decay,which is, in the last analysis, just asmuch of a result of lowered resistanceas tuberculosis, which might be calleddecay of the lungs. .

Dr. McCarrison had already at thattime, in 1921, in fact, written his monu­mental book Studies in Deficiency Dis­ease. This showed in detail how theendocrine glands were destroyed pro­gressively by bad food, food like whitebread, refined sugar and all the rub­bish sold as food in packages in thegrocery stores. Today, we are beingtold about new wonder drugs like ACTHand Cortisone, not realizing that theonly possible reason we ever need suchexpensive medication is because oursupplies of these glandular productshave been exhausted by the starvationof our own glands out of functionalexistence through our unwitting use offoods that have been so adulterated thattheir original food values have beenlargely destroyed.

If fluorine is necessalY as a part ofthis better nutrition we need, we hadbetter look carefully into the matter andsee that the kind offered us as a sub­stitute for the natural food intake issuitable for food use.

The evidence here warns us that some­body is going all out on the old racketof selling us a cheap substitute for acostly food. It is probable that fluorineas a food is only that 'kind of fluorinethat has entered into an organic com-

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

bination passing through plant lifebefore we make use it. Inorganicfluorine is a cumulative poison, whichmeans that it accumulates in the bodyeven if taken in vcr; small doses. Or­ganic fluorine does NOT accumulate inthe body regardless of the dosage, andis unquestionably far more effective inpreventing dental decay. (2) Wholewheat grown in Deaf Smith County,Texas, contains up to 700 ppm. of fluo­rine (3) but never has caused fluorosis,while inorganic fluorine in drinking wa­ter may cause much fluorosis even inamounts as small as .9 ppm. (4)

Many of our nutritional mineral ele­ments are poisonous in the inorganicstate, but indispensable food in theproper organic combination. Cobalt isone, zinc is another. Organic cobalt isknown as vitamin B-12. When the or­ganic form of fluorine is ultimately dis­covered, it probably will be identifiedas one of the members of a well knownvitamin complex, just as organic cobalthas been catalogued as the twelfth off­spring of vitamin B complex. (The Bfamily has at this date reached the totalnumber of 15.)

Inorganic cobalt is poisonous to thehuman system, and cannot be used inany way until converted by soil microbesinto B-12. Fluorine probably is worsein being a cumulative poison, as it ac­cumulates in the bones and makes themmore and more brittle if taken in as theinorganic form. There is no known anti­dote for this process.

Most of the cattle in this country havethis stony state of bones. And th~ bonecarving industries using cattle bones pre­fer those from Argentina, where cattlehones become resilient and tough, morelike ivory in texture, apparently by rea­son of a lesser amount of inorganic fluo­rine in the water supplies.

Our Food & Drug authorities consider

2

th",: nlOrine content of most cattle bonesas [00 high for safe use as bone mealsources for supplying mineral nutritionalsupplments to the diet. It is the cumu­lative nature of fluorine as a poison thatnecessitates this ruling.

So the dangers of reckless use of fluo­rine seem too ohvious to permit thewholesale addition of this element todrinking water before the test installa­tions are completely reported on. A 10year period was stated to be essentialbefore any reliable statistics were to beavailable. That was when the first fluo­ridation was begun back in 1947. Whythis haste at the present mornentf Whois pushing this dangerous procedure,and why?

In looking into the commercial in­fluences responsible, we find two gangsof unsavory characters. One is the con­cern that has been wrecking our breadby promoting the sale of oxidizing flourbleaches for the last 40 years, the firmwhich supplies the apparatus to feedand measure properly the poisons usedin both procedures - flour bleachingand water fluoridation. The other gangis the one which for years has whoopedup the use of aluminum as kitchenutensils. It seems that fluorides are by­products of the aluminum industry.

First a few words on flour hieaches :They destroy all oxidizable vitamins,and since these vitamins are the onesthat protect us from heart disease. wehave become a nation celebrated forhaving heart disease as the foremostcause of death, and the main reason fordraft rejections.

That statement is so easily provedthat no one can honestly deny it. Allvon need to do is to run a cardiographic'recording on one or 10 people, givethem a daily requirement dose of thevitamins lost by oxidation in wheat, and

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

treatingsubstitute

for the natural vitamins. know that90 per cent of heart patients can livenormal their troubles, andlive long enough to die age orsome other 'ailment, if their nutritionalprogram is properly corrected. I say

from seeing it happen lastyears in every United

States, and in the about20,OOO-physicians who are aware thetruth about nutrition and heart disease.

The partnership aluminuminterests seems natural, because both

criminally hoodwinked the Amer-ican public for many Aluminum

to both animal

This simple

is it.this suppressiontion? I would say are profit-

the suppression - the flour millersor the flouI: bleach promoters.

If these facts were properly knownthe doctors we depend lIpan for

treatment of our ailments" I am surestatistics of heart rl"'l£"r>.n.'1r.

very soon drop to a small fractionthose the present. In one survey, wefound that danger incurring afatal attack of heart disease was timesmore in a person failing to thesewheat vitamins. Thirty-five personsin a group getting no extra vitamins,before one died in a similar group thatwas getting the vitamins. Similarures have been reported the Shute

in Canada.

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

honestly to stopadulteration. book of 1930

how Food & Adminis-into

opposite function protecting the adul­teratorsl [The History of a Crime Against

Pure Food Law 1930, at your libraryunless they have lost it-reprint availablefree, of the chapter from Lee Foun­dation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.')

This activity of the Food & DrugAdministration to jump to the defense

food adulterators is demonstrated bythe current articles in the AmericanMagazine and Woman's Horne Com­panion (December 1951), in whichGovernment officialsridicule health foodsI ike blackstrap molasses and wheatgerm.

we all 0111" quota of wheatgerm, there would be no heart disease,in opinion. As to molasses, it carries

vitamins and minerals of theplant juice. Just how vital they are isbest shown by the fact that cane sugarcan be used to feed bees in winter, beekeepers buying carloads for the purpose.But they cannot use beet sugar, which

chemist says is "chemically iden­" (Like synthetic vs, natural vita­

sugar will kill bees rightnow ..

Why difference? supposecause the cane sugar has a little residualmolasses, it has a pleasant flavor, neednot so completely removed asbeet molasses, which an offensivetaste. bee still enougheral vitamin content the canesugar carry him over canselect his o'v~ vitamins and 'Y'Y'lo ........ "' ..... n

the

whowholesalepoison.

withheld fromof story is

Foundation Report

'J ....... J. ~'--'..L.L incurring <uch deficienciesno symptom other than a

of some essential nervea paralysis that creeps upon

warning. paralyticare becoming more and more

common.

physicians and dentists areinto supporting these mis­

It'''£yr·\,o·nt'AY\-f-n+· .. '''y....... for the power wielded

pressure groups is remarkableramifications. But in every case,fellows are totally incompetent to

their opinions with facts in} aInstead, they devote their

to smearing and .vilifying the oppo-sition. take, the attitude that no

V.Ll" LI..J.'--L criticize or doubt officialdom.when asked

quoting authorities whenare

They even re­that their state­

such support.

common sense basisour water poisoned

principles of allcontaminationpoison,smallness or

4

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

food. Who is deluded, do you think?The very tone of these articles brandsthem as planted propaganda. An honestcritic would offer factual material, re­frain from v i l i fica t ion and ridicule.These are weapons of the last ditchdebater, who knows he is fighting a lostcause, and cannot gracefully accept theinevitable.

At the same time, where the opposi­

tion has proven by their own acts that

they are criminally guilty of wrong­

doing, there is no possible reason to

pretend that they are honest citizens.

To treat them as such is to be as gullible

as they wish us to be. If we have the

discretion God gave us, let us use it.

(1)(2)

(3)(4)('l)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"The Systemic Cause of Dental Caries," Lee Foundation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Soaium Fluoride administered in water caused a retention of 3.88 mg. per day; the same quantityof fluorine administered as bone meal caused a retention of only 1.7.'3 mg. daily. (fo!. Ind. Hygiene,1943, 25:112, Machle & Largent).Report from Dr. Geo. W. Heard, Hereford, Texas.Chem. & Engineering News, Aug. 22, 1949, p. 2410."The Nature & Properties of Soils," Lyon & Buckman, MacMillan, 4th Etl~, tr. 301.

----------Jt\----------Reprinted from the March 24, 1952, issue of the

Congressional RecordFluoridation of Water

EXTENSION OF REMARKS01'

HON. A. L. MILLEROF NEBRASKA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Monda'V, March 24, 1952

Mr, MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­er, I wish to discuss, briefly, the pros andcons of adding fluorine to the communalwater supply, in an effort to preventdental caries In children. This subjectis of a great deal of interest to all of thecountry.

The Special Committee on Chemicalsin Food has just completed exhaustivehearings, the first of its kind, upon thequestion of adding fluorine to the watersupply. We had before the committee18 witnesses who qualified as experts onthe subject. There certainly was nounanimity of opinion among these ex­perts. This was true because the sci.entists felt that certain experiments nowin progress were not far enough along inorder for them to issue a sound opinion.

Mr. Speaker, a year ago I introduceda bill which would permit the Commis­sioners of the District of Columbia toadd fluorides to the public water supplyof Washington, D. C. I did this becauseI thought the adding of fluorides at thattime was 8 good thing, and I wanted tohave some discussion upon the subject.The Commissioners did not wait for a.

5

hearing on the b1ll; and without legis­lative authority, and under the proddingfrom the Health Department. they ap­peared before the Appropriations Com­mittee requesting moneys to put the planinto operation.

Mr. Speaker. I can speak a littlemore clearly on the subject today. I saythat because of the exhaustive hearingsthe special committee held. Because ofthe hearings I am wiser today than yes­terday.

I believe that adding fluorides to thedrinking water in the proportion 1 partper million. for children. will preventabout 50 percent of the caries that ordi­narily occur. I am convinced from thehearings that they do not know at thistime what effect fluorides might haveupon an acutely or chronically ill child,or upon the older group who might bechronically m. The scientists just havenot completed their findings on thisphase of the subject. To me it is un­thinkable that the Public Health Serviceshould recommend universal medica­tion of water for everyone until all ofthe facts about the effects upon the 111are known. It seems to me that thepublic interest is best served by a morecautious attitude before advocating theaddition of any chemical to the waterand food supplies. Certainly cities thatcontemplate adding nuorine to the watershould :first know What percentage offluorlne they now have In their watersupply and they should be aware of thefacts-tha.t all of the pros and cons as to

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

watertheir was toldthat Public Health Service. havebeen of the AmericanMedical Association as mass fluo..rrdation their \044 .. ''4.''"'''''''' ............ \".0\04

1\11'. my bestand from the evidence before my com-

cannot find any evidencethat gave me the thatAmerican Medical the Den-tal or several other health~""""""""'\",,4"'..:J. now the fluori-dation of waterv had any"' .... ',..,.' ....,...work of their own. sroups were

each opinions.The of using fluorides for

control of children's dental caries is anattractive one and in my opinion war­rants additional study. There is ncscientific basis for recommending im­media te acceptance of the proposals totreat the entire population with ftuo ....rides. The mass medication of fluorides1s still Inthe experimental ca tegorv, andthere is certainly a need for additionalscientific studies. There Is nothing thatpresents an urgent decision until decisiveexperiments have been done. It will thenbe time to make the decision.

It is quite possible that the use offiuorides in preventing dental caries willbe a major discovery in the field of den­

It is too early to evaluate the re­sults of experiments now in progress.

Mr. Speaker, it is disturbing to mewhen the men in the Public Health Serv-

who, as late as 1950, were not readyto endorse the universal use of ftuorine,have now, almost to a man, come out forthe endorsement. I want torefer someliJUI••.IJ.....O';H.J.vu papers of Dr. Francis A. Ar­

National Institute of Health. Thepublished in 1948, 1949, and 1950

in substance:The evaluation of the effects of fh.:o:-ine in

water bas not been established murt waituntil the experiments now in progress arecompleted.

Dr. Arnold paper onresearch in May of The pad

in dentalschool The paper refers todental research as well as to the use offluorine in water. I page

hearings held 1952:It is too early to evaluate the effects of this

increased research acttvity on the irnprove­ment of the dental health of the children inthe Uni ted States.

Dr. Arnold published another paperentitled Therapy for the Con...trol of Dental Caries." in theJour11al of the American Dental Asso­ciation in October 1948" The conclu­sions are:

present there'ts

was led to believe that

think it is all to the Mr.Public Health Service

will continue to investigate as to what.A • .....,tJ""""'~~.u when fluorides get into the sys­tem of the Indivtdnal who is ill.

I can say to my colleagues, quitethat until I had the advantage

all of the experts on this ques ....thought rtuorino added to the

water supply might be beneficial to everyone. was misled by the Public HealthService. 1. am a former State health-tli.....re rand l1'aVe alwa s s or e

lie ea}th Service in tQe. measuresmat they have adV5Cri~d. ram sorelYtlisappofntea-ffiat they now are advocat­ing every single soul in the communityshould take ftuorine before all of thefacts of experiments now in progresshave been It may be a good

for everyone. we ought to knowwhether sick children or adults with

disease. fracture of aor thyroid disturbances or tuber ...

"""""",,V..;)4.1o;). or any chronic disease, are ableto eliminate fluorides as effectively asnormal do. In the testimony be­roreour committee I could find no rec­ord of any such studies.

I am fttrther disturbed, Mr. Speaker,1V ..... '""'~\A'u ..... I 'Nas misled and perhaps othershave been misled by statements that theAmerican Medical Associa tion had giventheir unqualified to this plan.I believe do endorse the in

but it 1.S a endorsement.Let me call your to what

and aeneralman-ager of the American Associa-tion, said in an insert in the ofthe on March 6, ap-

rs 011 pages 3971 and 3972 of theand

The council purposely refrains from mak­Ing any recommendations that communitiessupport or oppose for the fluorida­tion of water

And on page 3972:The house of de lega tes did not

ommerid that any communityfluoridate t hetr water supplies.

individuals who mayill has not been established.

note in the StarMarch that-

Nearby Maryland area iefluoride effects, and that the StatesPublic Health Service 15 now making a long ..range study of its value in water.

The article further states:The Public Health Service 15

out exactly how fluoridesand how rt reacta in some

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

titled "Hazards andpage 722 you :find statement:

For example, the work of the pharmacal..ogy demonstrated that thefluo,.ride ion the bone phos ...ph at ase in rats and therebycalctncation of leg bones.

The of hasrecommended that no fluorides be fedbrood sows. work on ratsand mice a lessened mental re ...action in rats and mice who have hadfluorides. What effecthave on the unborn child has not beenestablished. to the factthat the placenta carries a amountof fluorides.

A check of the vital statistics of GrandRapids, Mich~.-\\'hich is the only city ofany size that has had artificial ft.uorida­tionformore taan 4 years-shows thatthe death rate from heart disease in theyear 1944 numbered 585. FOur yearslater, after ft uoridation had started,there were ,059 deaths. There was .anincrease of 50 percent in the deaths fromnephritis. There was an increase of 50percent, over a period of 4 years, in thedeaths from intra-cranial lesions.These are official figures contained inthe Vital Statistics of the United statespublished annually by the United statesPublic Health Service; I am not sayingthat ft.uoridation was the cause. How..ever. the Public Health Service takespride in pointing out, through statistics,that health might even be better whenftorides are in the water. The recordsdo not prove their point.

Mr. Speaker, at the close of these re­marks I desire to place in the RECORD thenames of witnesses that appeared beforeour committee. They are marked thepros ana the cons. will note thatall of the experts grounded in the scienceof biochemistry, have advocated the go­slow sign on the use of fluorides in drink­ing water. I believe that the dental pro­fession and other public-minded indivtd-

scientific evidencen urnber of observationsuate the supplemental feeding of fluoridationfor caries controL

Mr. as said in the V"_l:-:>.f.A.lA.J...lJ..J.h

am convinced that the properfluorides in the water or ortablet for children may reducecaries about The 18 ...... ~r·............' ....+-,...

which before our committee alladmitted that there are now

on as to wha t theon the older age group, aschildren and adults whochronic but the I"\""".... i"'>.".,,,...,...i"'>._+,...

not and someto render an It seems

unthinkable to me that we should pro­with universal medication until

these facts have been carefully examined.:The committee had ample evidence

that even in areas where fluorides occurnaturally that still have consider ....able caries. It is also a known fact thatareas that have 110 fluorides in theirwater may have a little dental caries. Itis by no means a cure-all. One dentisteven wrote me that dental caries mightbe the cause of poliomyelitis, and be­cause I objected to the use of fluorinefor everyone, I might be the cause ofnumerous cases of polio. How ridiculousthat statement is from a man who shouldbe a thinking, sci.entific man.

Mr. Speaker, at Newburg, N. anexhaustive experiment is being carriedon which will be completed in about 5years, When completed they will havesome conclusive evidence as tofheefIect1tl

if any, fluorine might have on the healthof the older group and those with chronicdiseases. This will also include the ef­fects upon the unborn child. Dr. DavidB. Ast, of the American Public HealthService, is heading up this experiment.He published an article in volume 4, No.6,of the June 9, 1950, issue of the AmericanJournal of Public Health all the questionof ftuorides in water. A final conclusionof the article appears on page 4042 ofthe hearings, and I quote:

Final conclusions regarding the possiblesystemic effects of fluoride in the dosageemployed should not be drawn before t.er ..mination of the IO-year study.

More refined techniques may also be avail ..able 1n the future in studying pertinent as..pects of the problem. It m ust be empha­sized, however, that a longer period of ob«servatron is required before final conclu-·sions can be drawn. The po.ssibility of dem­onstrated accumulative effects of the nuo­rides in the final years of the m-year studycannot be eliminated at this time.

Mr. Speaker, I repeatedly asked thefollowing question of nearly every wit­ness which appeared before our com­mittee:

Whatexperlments have been carried on

7

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m

uals, like myself, have been misled by thePublic Health Service, because all of thefacts have not been made available uponthis subject.

I am reminded that 25 years ago thePublic Health Service, recommended theuniversal use of iodine in water. Lateron it was discovered that iodine affectedpeople with goiters, and it was discon­tinued.

It is difficult for me to understand howhigh officials in the Public Health Serv­ice could change their mind, avera 3­month period and completely reverse thefield. Where once they advocated thego-slow sign on the use of fluorides theynow apparently have gone overboard.and put out large amounts of propa­ganda favoring the fluoridation of water.I am certain that the dental professionmerely echoes and endorses the opin­ions of the Public Health Service.They have done little experimental workthemselves.

I sometimes wonder if the AluminumCo. of America, and its many subsidiarycompanies might not have a deep inter­est in getting rid of the waste productsfrom the manufacture of aluminum. be­cause these products contain a largeamount of fluoride. In this connectionit is interesting to know that OscarEwing, who now heads up the Federalsecurity Administration, and the flrm ofattorneys he was With-Hubbard. Hill &Ewing-represents the Aluminum Co.of America. I understand Mr. Ewing'sname 'no longer appears on the door­Hubbard, Hill &Hughes. It would be in­teresting to know if he shares in theyearly cut of their melon.

I have also noted. Mr. Speaker. thatthe District of Columbia Commissionerspropose to use sodium siltco fluorides.This is cheaper, but the most dangeroustype of element. It forms a highlytoxic fluorlc add. If fluorides must beused. the biochemists recommend thatsodium fluoride should be used.

Again, Mr. Speaker, I am not opposingthe proper use of the proper dose offluortdes for normal children. There isan alternate method of giving ftuortdesto them besides medicating the watersupply of everyone. I do feel that it isin the public interest that communitieshave all the facts before they put fluorinein the water. Experiments now inprogress should give that answer withinthe next 5 or 6 years.

This is not an urgent matter. I wouldrecommend the go-slow sign until we arethoroughly convinced that no damagewill tbme to the sick child, or to the in­dividuals in the old age group, who mayhave chronic diseases. The picture to­day is not clear. Communities who in.sist on putting fluorides in their watershould know that experiments now inprogress, which will be completed in :)years, may supply the answer as towhether universal medication of waterwill be a good thing for all the people,WITNESSES BEFORE SELECT COMMITTEE IN-

VESTIGATING FLUORINE IN WATER

FOR FLOURIDES IN DRINKING WATER

Bruce D. Forsyt.he, D. D. S., Assistant Sur­geon General, Chief Dental Officer, Public~ealth service. Federal Security Agency,Washington, D. C.

Dr. John K. Knutson, Division of DentalPublic Health, United States Publ1c HealthService, Washington. D, C.

David B. Ast, D. D. S., M. P. H., the Ameri­can Publlc Health Association. Albany, N. Y.

Dr .. Francis F. Heyroth, Kettering Labora­tory, College of Medicine. University ofCincinnati.

Dr. John D. Porterfield, the Association ofState and Territorial Health Officers, Colum­bus, Ohio.

Francis' A. Arlluld. D. D. S., National In­stttutes of Health. Bethesda, Md.

H: Trendley Dean, D. D. 8.• National In­stitutes or Health, Bethesda. Md.

Dr. Isadore Zipkin. NatIonal Institutes ofHealth, Bethesda, Md.

Dr. H. B. Andervont, Chlet or Laboratoryor Biology, National Cancer Institute, Be­thesda, Md.

Mr. J. Roy Doty, Secretaryot the AmericanDental Associations' Council on DentalTherapeutics, Chicago, Ill.

Mr. J. B. Blayney, professor, dental surgery,and director of the Wal ter G. Zoller Me­morial CHnic. University of chtcago,

AGAINST FLUORIDES IN WATER

Dr, Robert S. Harris, Nutritional Biochem­istry Laboratories, Department of Food Tech­nology, Maesachusetts Institute of Tech­nology, Cambridge, M8.88.

Dr. Alfred Taylor. Biochemical Instituteof the University of Texas. Austin, Tex.

Prof. E. B. Hart, professor of BiochemistrY.1University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

Dr. V. O. Hurme, director of Cllnical Re­search, Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Chil­dren, Boston, Mass.

Dr. Margaret Cammach Smith, tormerhead, Department of Human Nutrition,University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.

Prof. Howard V. Smith. associate agricul­tural chemist, University of Arizona, Tucson,Ariz.

Dr. Hans H. Neumann, 1377 Kew Avenue,HewJ1tt. N. Y.

Lee Foundation for Nutritional Research

(A non-profit Public Service Institution, Charteredby the State of Wisconsin, to Investigate and

Disseminate Facts relating to Nutrition l

Reprint 53B Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Pos

ted

for n

onco

mm

erci

al h

isto

rical

pre

serv

atio

n an

d ed

ucat

iona

l use

onl

y by

sel

ener

iver

pres

s.co

m