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Fluidised powder target research. A potential target technology for both a Superbeam and a neutrino factory CJ Densham, O Caretta, P Loveridge STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Is there a ‘missing link’ target technology?. Some potential advantages of a flowing powder: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fluidised powder target research
A potential target technology for both a Superbeam and a neutrino factory
CJ Densham, O Caretta, P Loveridge
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Is there a ‘missing link’ target technology?
Some potential advantages of a flowing powder:Resistant to pulsed beam induced shock waves
Favourable heat transferQuasi-liquid
Few moving partsMature technology
Areas of concern can be tested off-line
Open jets
SOLIDS LIQUIDS
Monolithic Flowing powder Contained liquidsSegmented
Schematic layouts of flowing powder targets for neutrino facilities
Superbeam target - contained within pipe
Neutrino factory target - open jet configuration used
in test rig on day 1 (for MERIT comparison)
(1) pressurised powder hopper, (2) discharge nozzle, (3) recirculating helium to form coaxial flow around jet, (4) proton beam entry window, (5) open jet interaction region, (6) receiver, (7) pion capture solenoid, (8) beam exit window, (9) powder exit for recirculation, (10) return line for powder to hopper, (11) driver gas line
Summary of Operation
• Powder– Rig contains 100 kg
Tungsten– Particle size < 250 microns
• Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed– 90 ejection cycles– Equivalent to 15 mins
continuous operation
• Batch mode– Test out individual handling
processes before moving to a continuous flow loop
Summary of Operation
• Powder– Rig contains 100 kg
Tungsten– Particle size < 250 microns
• Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed– 90 ejection cycles– Equivalent to 15 mins
continuous operation
• Batch mode– Test out individual handling
processes before moving to a continuous flow loop
1
1. Suction / Lift
Summary of Operation
• Powder– Rig contains 100 kg
Tungsten– Particle size < 250 microns
• Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed– 90 ejection cycles– Equivalent to 15 mins
continuous operation
• Batch mode– Test out individual handling
processes before moving to a continuous flow loop
1
2
1. Suction / Lift2. Load Hopper
Summary of Operation
• Powder– Rig contains 100 kg
Tungsten– Particle size < 250 microns
• Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed– 90 ejection cycles– Equivalent to 15 mins
continuous operation
• Batch mode– Test out individual handling
processes before moving to a continuous flow loop
1
2
3
1. Suction / Lift2. Load Hopper3. Pressurise Hopper
Summary of Operation
• Powder– Rig contains 100 kg
Tungsten– Particle size < 250 microns
• Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed– 90 ejection cycles– Equivalent to 15 mins
continuous operation
• Batch mode– Test out individual handling
processes before moving to a continuous flow loop
1
2
3
4
1. Suction / Lift2. Load Hopper3. Pressurise Hopper4. Powder Ejection and Observation
Control Interface• Fully automated control
system– Process control– Data Logging @ 20 Hz– Hard-wired safety interlocks
Control System Interface (MATLAB)
Experiment notes
System indicator window
Warning messages
Emergency stop
Suction settings
Ejection settings
Post Processing
Two-page Report - Microsoft Word
• Automatic report generator– Records experiment settings– Graphs the data– Generates a Microsoft word
document for each cycle
Post-processing user interface - Matlab
Contained stable jet
Contained unstable jet
Particle Image Velocimetry
velocity distribution required to
determine bulk density
Ottone Caretta, Oxford, Nov 09
Variations in the flow rate – typical 2bar ejection
How much material would a proton beam interact with?
Bulk density?
Is the amount of material in the nozzle (or jet) constant?
Ottone Caretta, Oxford, Nov 09
• Optimise gas lift system for CW operation• Carry out long term erosion tests and study
mitigation• Investigate low-flow limit • Study heat transfer between pipe wall and powder• Demonstrate shock waves are not a problem
– Use of CERN test facility for shock wave experiment on a powder sample in helium environment
• Demonstrate magnetic fields/eddy currents are not a problem– Use of high field solenoid?
• Investigate active powder handling issues (cf mercury?)
Flowing powder target: next stages