Fluid and Electrolytes Report!!

7/30/2019 Fluid and Electrolytes Report!!

1/20

Extracellular

Fluid VolumeDeficit (ECFVD)


2/20

Extracellular fluid volume deficit

(ECFVD)

Also called as Hypovolemia, occurs when loss

of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid.

It occurs when water and electrolytes are lost

in the proportion as they exist in the normal

body fluids, so that the ratio of serum

electrolytes to water remains the same .


3/20

Causes of extracellular

fluid volume deficits

Inadequate fluid intake

Increased solute intake

vomiting and diarrhea

Diabetes ketoacidosis Sweating

G.I fistula and G.Isuctioning

Fever , environmentaltemp. and profusediaphoresis

Hemorrhage

Burns

Ascites

Intestinal obstruction Excessive use of

laxatives


4/20

Signs and Symptoms

Acute weight loss

Decreased skin turgor

Oliguria

Concentrated urine

Orthostatic hypotension

due to volume depletion

Weak,rapid heart rate

Increase temperaure

Thirst

Decreased capillary

refill


5/20

Diagnostic Test

BUN

HCT

Urinalysis


6/20

Extracellular

Fluid VolumeExcess (ECFVE)


7/20

Extracellular Fluid Volume

Excess (ECFVE)

Other name for ECFVE are hypervolemia.

Refers to an isotonic expansion of the ECF

caused by the abnormal retention of water

and sodium in approximately the same

proportions in which they normally exist in the

ECF.


8/20

Causes of Extracellular Fluid Volume

Excess

Heart failure

Kidney failure

Venous obstruction

Pressure on veins

because of swelling

Cirrhosis of the liver

Steroid excess Allergic reaction

Chronic diarrhea


9/20

Signs and Symptoms

Edema

Distended neck veins

Crackles

Shortness of breath

Tachycardia

hypertension

Increased weight

Increase pulse pressure

decrease urine output


10/20

Diagnostic Test

BUN

HCT

Urinalysis Chest X-ray


11/20

Extracellular

Fluid Volume

Shift (ECFVS)


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Extracellular Fluid Volume

Shift (ECFVS)

In the extracellular fluid compartment, ECF is

constantly shifting between the intravascular

and interstitial spaces for the purpose of

maintaining fluid balance.

When fluid volume with electrolytes and

proteins shift from the intravascular to the

interstitial spaces and remains there, this fluidis referred to THIRD SPACE FLUID.


13/20

Causes of Extracellular Fluid Volume

Shift (ECFVS)

Blister

Sprain

Ascites

Perforated peptic ulcer

Intestinal obstruction

Severe infection

Most common causes:

Massive injuries

Burns

Abdominal surgery


14/20

Signs and Symptoms

Phase 1

Shock-like symptoms

Severe ECFVD

Cold extremities

Pallor

Confusion

Disorientation

Phase 2

Overhydration-like

symptoms

Irritating, nonproductivecough

Dyspnea

Bounding pulseVein engorgement

Moist chest crackles


15/20

Diagnostic Test

BUN

HCT



16/20

Intracellular

Fluid volumeExcess (ICFVE)


17/20

Intracellular Fluid

volume Excess (ICFVE)

Also referred to as water intoxication, results

from excess of water or a decrease in thesolute concentration in the intravascular

system.


18/20

Causes of Intracellular Fluid

volume Excess (ICFVE)

There are four major conditions that may

cause ICFVE:

1.Excessive nonsolute water intake

2.Solute deficit (electrolyte and protein)

3.Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone

4.Kidney dysfunction (inability to excrete

excess water)


19/20

Signs and Symptoms

Early signs

Headache

Nausea and vomiting

Excessive perspiration Acute weight gain

Behavioral changes

Increased bp

Bradycardia

Increase respiration

Later signs

Neuroexcitability

Projectile vomiting

Papilledema Delirium

convulsions


20/20

Diagnostic Test

BUN

HCT


Documents

Fluid and Electrolytes Report!!