Flower

FlowerFlower

The organ responsible The organ responsible for sexual for sexual reproduction in plantsreproduction in plants

Function- Function- produce gametesproduce gametes pollinationpollination fertilizationfertilization develop seedsdevelop seeds develop fruitdevelop fruit

4 Basic Whorls of a Flower4 Basic Whorls of a Flower

CalyxCalyx- Outermost - Outermost WhorlWhorl

All of the sepals All of the sepals collectivelycollectively

CorollaCorolla- 2- 2ndnd Outermost WhorlOutermost Whorl

All of the petals All of the petals collectively collectively

4 Basic Whorls of a Flower4 Basic Whorls of a Flower

StamenStamen- 3- 3rdrd Outermost Outermost WhorlWhorl Male structure of the Male structure of the

flowerflower PistilPistil- Made of fused - Made of fused

carpels- Innermost carpels- Innermost WhorlWhorl Female structure of Female structure of

flowerflower

Diagram 1- Flower StructureDiagram 1- Flower Structure

1. 1. PetalsPetals- - Colorful leaf-like parts, Colorful leaf-like parts,

attract animals/insects, attract animals/insects, aids in pollinationaids in pollination

2. 2. StamenStamen- - Male structureMale structure


3. 3. PistilPistil- - Female structureFemale structure

44. . Pedicel/Pedicel/Receptacle-- Stalk like part, supports Stalk like part, supports

the flowerthe flower


5. 5. SepalsSepals- - Small leaves that Small leaves that

surround and protect the surround and protect the flower bud flower bud

6. 6. StigmaStigma-- Sticky top to the pistil, Sticky top to the pistil,

collects the pollen during collects the pollen during pollinationpollination


7. 7. StyleStyle- - Long stalk like part that Long stalk like part that

extends from ovary, extends from ovary, supports the stigmasupports the stigma

8. 8. OvuleOvule- - Located inside the Located inside the

ovaries, will develop into ovaries, will develop into a seed after fertilizationa seed after fertilization


9.9. Ovary Ovary- - Enlarged base of the Enlarged base of the

pistil, will develop into pistil, will develop into fruit after fertilizationfruit after fertilization

10. 10. FilamentFilament- - Slender stalk that Slender stalk that

supports the anther of the supports the anther of the stamenstamen


11. 11. PollenPollen- - Formed in the anther, Formed in the anther,

contains 2 nuclei, contains 2 nuclei, 1 tube 1 tube nucleusnucleus, , 1 generative 1 generative nucleusnucleus

12. 12. AntherAnther- - Knob like end of the Knob like end of the

stamen, forms the sperm stamen, forms the sperm nuclei and the pollen nuclei and the pollen grainsgrains

Diagram 2- Pollination (p 617)Diagram 2- Pollination (p 617)

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers

Usually aided by insects or wind

Diagram 2- 2 typesDiagram 2- 2 types

Self pollinationSelf pollination Same plantSame plant Either the same flower Either the same flower

or 2 flowers on the or 2 flowers on the same plantsame plant

Or 2 genetically Or 2 genetically identical plantsidentical plants

Cross pollinationCross pollination Two genetically Two genetically

different plantsdifferent plants

Diagram 2- Pollination Diagram 2- Pollination Fertilization (p 617)Fertilization (p 617)

2 separate events2 separate events Pollination occurs on the Pollination occurs on the

stigmastigma

Fertilization occurs in Fertilization occurs in the ovulethe ovule

Diagram 2- After Pollination (p 617)Diagram 2- After Pollination (p 617)

Pollen grain releases tube & generative Pollen grain releases tube & generative nucleus into pistilnucleus into pistil #14. Tube nucleus develops pollen tube#14. Tube nucleus develops pollen tube #13. Two sperm nuclei- from mitosis of the #13. Two sperm nuclei- from mitosis of the

generative nucleusgenerative nucleus #15. Pollen tube develops through style to ovule#15. Pollen tube develops through style to ovule

2 sperm nuclei travel through tube to ovule2 sperm nuclei travel through tube to ovule

Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617)Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617)

Double fertilization in Double fertilization in the ovulethe ovule One sperm nucleus One sperm nucleus

fertilizes (#16) egg fertilizes (#16) egg nucleus to form the nucleus to form the zygote (fertilized egg), zygote (fertilized egg), this becomes the this becomes the embryonic plant of the embryonic plant of the seedseed

Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617)Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617)

Second sperm nucleus Second sperm nucleus unites with (#17) 2 polar unites with (#17) 2 polar bodies, forms triploid bodies, forms triploid (3n) cell that develops (3n) cell that develops into endosperm of the into endosperm of the seedseed

Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Male (p 615)Male (p 615)

Occurs in antherOccurs in anther SketchSketch Diploid Diploid Meiosis Meiosis 4 haploid cells 4 haploid cells Mitosis Mitosis Pollen grain with 2 Pollen grain with 2

nucleinuclei

Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Female (p 615)Female (p 615)

Occurs in ovuleOccurs in ovule SketchSketch Diploid Diploid meiosis meiosis 4 haploid cells(3 die) 4 haploid cells(3 die) mitosis mitosis mitosis mitosis mitosis mitosis 8 haploid cells (5 die) 8 haploid cells (5 die) 3 haploid cells3 haploid cells

Seed (p 620)Seed (p 620) An embryonic plant with An embryonic plant with

a food sourcea food source Grows into a new plant Grows into a new plant

Germination Germination Water, temp., oxygenWater, temp., oxygen

Plumule (shoot tip Plumule (shoot tip w/embryonic leaves)w/embryonic leaves)

Epicotyl (stem)Epicotyl (stem) HypocotylHypocotyl Radicle (root)Radicle (root) Cotyledon (food source)Cotyledon (food source) Endosperm (food source)Endosperm (food source)

Fruit (pp 618, 619) Fruit (pp 618, 619)

Surrounds seedsSurrounds seeds Dispersal of seeds- Dispersal of seeds-

spread seeds aroundspread seeds around WindWind WaterWater AnimalsAnimals

EdibleEdible CarrierCarrier

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Flower