FLORIDA FIRST RESPONDER Awareness Level Training

FLORIDA FIRST FLORIDA FIRST RESPONDERRESPONDER

Awareness Level Training Awareness Level Training

First ResponderAwareness Level Training


UNIT 1 - “Preparation for Response”UNIT 1 - “Preparation for Response”

Unit 1 Objectives

• Identify OSHA and EPA training requirements

• Identify the role of the Awareness Level First Responder

• Identify the roles of the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)

Hazardous Materials

• Defined in numerous ways– U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– U.S. Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA)

• Simplified Definition

• Extremely Hazardous Substances

Simplified Definition

Any substance or material, solid, liquid or gas, that when released to the environment is capable of

causing damage, injury, illness or death.

Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS)

• EPA defines an EHS as a hazardous material which would present a significant risk to the surrounding community and/or environment should it be released.

• These materials have the potential to migrate offsite of the release and move throughout the environment, presenting an immediate health and safety hazard.

Hazardous Materials Incidents

These incidents are unique because they require specialized protective measures not normally

available to first responders AND they demand a different operational approach!

Mechanisms of HarmMechanisms of Harm

T.E.A.M. C.P.R.ThermalEtiologicalAsphyxiationMechanicalChemicalPsychologicalRadiological

Public Safety “Duty to Act”

• Public safety responders have a “Duty to Act”.

• Your level of involvement is defined by your employer’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP).

• The actions you are expected to take should be in Standard Operating Guidelines format.

• NEVER exceed your level of training and protection!

Response GoalsResponse Goals

Recognition

Isolation

Protection

Notification

Emergency Response GuidebookEmergency Response Guidebook

• The ERG is a responder’s tool for success.• Every emergency vehicle should have an ERG.• Purpose:

– An aid for identification of the material involved.

– Outlines basic initial actions.– Recommends protective action areas.– Serves as an initial incident safety plan.– National and international emergency

contact phone numbers.

Federal and State RegulationsFederal and State Regulations

• Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) in 1986

• Florida Legislature passed the Florida Hazardous Materials Emergency Response and Community Right-to-Know Act in 1988

• EPCRA, Section 126 mandated that OSHA develop safety regulations for fist responders.

• EPCRA requires local communities and facilities to plan and prepare for hazardous materials emergencies.

Maintain regional emergency response

equipment and facilities lists

Develop SOP’s for facility and emergency personnelIdentify facilities

and transportation

routes

Develop timely detection and

notification procedures

Maintainevacuation plans

Provide training

Test and exercise hazmat plans

Designate community and

facility coordinators

LEPC

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER)

• OSHA and EPA’s safety standard which was developed in accordance with the mandate of EPCRA, Section 126.

• Codified as OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR 311.

• Enforced by OSHA.

Five Levels of TrainingFive Levels of Training

• First Responder Awareness Level

• First Responder Operational Level

• Hazardous Materials Technician

• Hazardous Materials Specialist

• Hazardous Materials Incident Commander

Operational ModesOperational Modes

• Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions.

• Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions.

• The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.

Video Unit 1

Unit 1 SummaryUnit 1 Summary

• Definition of hazardous materials and how they differ from other emergencies

• T.E.A.M.C.P.R.• Duty to Act and Standard of Care• Roles for awareness responders - R.I.P.NOT!• EPCRA and the Employer’s Emergency

Response Plan• Five levels of training• Two operational modes



UNIT 2 - “Hazard Identification”UNIT 2 - “Hazard Identification”

Unit 2 ObjectivesUnit 2 Objectives

• Identify the six clues to the presence of hazardous materials.

• Identify the various hazard classes of hazardous materials.

• Describe ways in which you can determine the specific identity of a hazardous material.

Response GoalsResponse Goals

Recognition

Isolation

Protection

Notification

Six Basic Clues to RecognitionSix Basic Clues to Recognition

1 - Occupancy and location

2 - Container shape and size

3 - Placards and labels

4 - Shipping papers/facility

documents

5 - Markings and colors

6 - Human senses

Clue #1 - Occupancy and LocationClue #1 - Occupancy and Location

• Specific occupancy or general area

• Fixed facilities

• Five modes of hazardous materials transportation– Rail, air, marine, highway and

pipeline

• Drug lab considerations

Clue #1 – Illegal OperationsIllegal Operations (Drug Labs)• Chemical hazards vary• Booby traps• Labs can be found anywhere

Some clues to the presence of a drug lab:• Unusual traffic• Chemical odors• Fortified• Occupants smoke outside

Clue #2 - Container Shape and SizeClue #2 - Container Shape and Size• Classifications

– Portable, fixed or transportation

– Refer to the Rail and Road Identification Chart in the ERG

• Pressure– Non-pressurized, low or high pressure

• Vapor Pressure and Storage– The higher the pressure, the greater the potential for catastrophic failure

– BLEVE

Clue #3 - Placards and LabelsClue #3 - Placards and Labels

• Placards and their limitations– Not always required– 1000 pound rule

• Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class– Refer to the ERG Table of Placards

• Nine Hazard Classes– Subdivided into divisions– Refer to the ERG Hazard

Classification System

Hazard Class 1 - ExplosivesHazard Class 1 - Explosives

Six Subdivisions1.1 - Mass explosion hazard

1.2 - Projectile hazard

1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile

1.4 - Minor explosion

1.5 - Very insensitive explosives

1.6 - Extremely insensitive

Hazard Class 2 - GasesHazard Class 2 - Gases

• Pressurized or liquefied• Product and container present

hazards• Three Subdivisions

2.1 - Flammable gases

2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous

2.3 - Poisonous Gases

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids

• Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature

• Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite

• Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable SolidsHazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids

Three Subdivisions4.1 - Flammable Solids

4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible

4.3 - Dangerous When Wet

Hazard Class 5 – Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Hazard Class 5 – Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

• Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify the burn

• With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which can lead to violent combustion

• Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable

Hazard Class 6 - Toxic and Infectious Substances

Hazard Class 6 - Toxic and Infectious Substances

• Poisonous to human– Can include severely irritating

substances

– “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride

• Infectious Substances– Potential to cause diseases in humans

– Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive MaterialsHazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials

• Ionizing radiation hazard

• Exposure does not always result in contamination

• Safety Rules:Time, Distance and Shielding

• Shipped in specialized containers

Hazard Class 8 - CorrosivesHazard Class 8 - Corrosives

Materials which cause destruction to human skin tissue or a liquid that has a severe

corrosion rate on steel.

Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

• ORM A - Dry Ice• ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic

mercury• ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts• ORM D - Consumer commodities• ORM E - Hazardous substances

and hazardous wastes

Pesticide LabelsPesticide Labels

• Product name

• Active ingredients

• Signal word– Caution– Warning– Danger (Poison)

• Precautionary statements

Slide Activity

Have the students turn to the pages of the ERG which shows the pictographs of all the placards and labels which we have discussed. Ask the students to select a label which would best identify the following materials:

Liquid pesticide Answer - Poison Gasoline Answer - Flammable Liquid An acid Answer - Corrosive A gas used for killing insects Answer - Poison Gas An explosive Answer – Explosives

Discuss the selection with the students. Reinforce that the material need not be absolutely identified in order to make a decision with regard to safety.

Video Unit 2 Part 1

Clue #4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents

Clue #4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents

MODE NAME LOCATION NOTES

Highway Bill of Lading or Freight Bill

Cab of vehicle In arms reach of driver

Rail Consist List or Waybill

With conductor or engineer

Itemized listing of each car in train

Water Dangerous Cargo Manifest

Wheelhouse or vessel or document tube or box on barge

Air Airbill Cockpit and outside of packages

In possession of the pilot

Pipeline Pipeline Markers

Where pipeline crosses another mode of transportation

Indicates owners name and 24 hour contact information

Facility DocumentsFacility Documents

• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)– Required for hazardous substances which are

stored, manufactured, or used in the work place– Provides a variety of information such as product

identification, physical/chemical properties, fire data, health data, reactivity data, etc.

• Other facility documents– Emergency Response Plans (ERP)– Emergency Action Plans (EAP)

Clue #5 - Markings and ColorsClue #5 - Markings and Colors

• Container colors are not always standardized

• DOT identification numbers

Clue #5 - NFPA 704 DiamondClue #5 - NFPA 704 Diamond

Clue #6 - Human SensesClue #6 - Human Senses

TASTETASTE

TOUCHTOUCH

SMELLSMELL

SIGHTSIGHT

SOUNDSOUND

RISK RISK LEVELLEVEL

HighHigh

LowLow

Methods of IdentificationMethods of Identification

• Once you recognize, try to identify• Location of material name

– Shipping papers

– Identification Numbers

– MSDSs (fixed facilities)

– Facility Pre-Plans

– Employees and bystanders

• If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

C - Chemical

B - Biological

R - Radiological

N - Nuclear

E – Energetic (Explosives and Incendiary)

Terrorist Activity – Target Locations

• Public assembly areas and mass transit systems, i.e. subways, buses

• Government buildings and historic or symbolic sites

• Areas of significant economic impact, i.e. regional shopping centers

• Religious or controversial organizations

• Industrial and military facilities

• First Responders may intentionally be targeted to increase the impact of the attack.

Targets in OUR Area?

Nuclear Power PlantsNuclear Power Plants

MacDill Air Force BaseMacDill Air Force Base

Theme ParksTheme Parks

Government OfficialsGovernment Officials

NASANASA

Chemical versus Biological Incident

Chemical incidents can be identified by the following:• Rapid onset of medical symptoms characteristic of chemical

exposure• Natural indicators• Chemical residue and odors• Indications of a hazardous materials release, i.e. plume or

cloud

Biological incidents can be identified by the following:• Gradual onset of medical symptoms without obvious odors

or colors• Wide spread migration of the illness• Infectious individuals transmitting to others

Video Unit 2 Part 2


• Goals of recognition and identification– Recognize, Classify, Identify

• Six clues to the presence of hazardous materials– Occupancy and location, container shape and size,

placards and labels, shipping papers and facility documents, markings and colors, the human senses

• There are nine general classes of hazardous materials



UNIT 3 - “Taking Control”UNIT 3 - “Taking Control”


• The necessary action to be taken to isolate the incident.

• Identify the procedures for initiating the ERP.

• Identify the procedures for implementing protective action distances.

Emergency Response GuidebookEmergency Response Guidebook

• Origin

• Goal

• Purpose & Limitations

Steps for Proper Use of the ERGSteps for Proper Use of the ERG

• Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials– Name– Four digit ID number– Placard description

• Look up the guide page number

• Take basic protective actions according to the guide page

• Initiate isolation and evacuation according to protective action distances

Basic Protective Actions

Precautions to protect yourself and others in a hazardous materials incident:

– Approach an incident from upwind and uphill– Upwind always takes priority– If you cannot approach from upwind stay further

away– Use binoculars to identify labeling– Look for all hazards– Relay hazards and safety information to others

Control Zones

Incident

Decontamination

Entry Corridor

HOT WARM COLD

SafeRefuge

WIND

Command area,

Support functions

Protective Action OptionsProtective Action Options

• Shelter in-place– Short duration incidents– Greater hazard to attempt

to move– Impractical to evacuate

• Evacuation– Potential for massive fire or

explosion– Long duration incidents

Incident Command System (ICS)

• Initiate ICS, it assists to identify those authorized to enter the scene

• The senior response official implements ICS

• Review the ICS specified in the ERP and SOGs

• Requires appointment of a safety officer

• NIMS and HAZWOPER require ICS

Routes and Extent of Exposure

• Inhalation• Ingestion• Injection• Absorption (dermal contact)

Children and elderly are of special concern.

Preventing Contamination

Prevent Direct Contamination• Avoid direct contact with the product, its gases,

vapors or smoke from any fire

Prevent Secondary Contamination• Do not allow anyone or anything to leave the area

without being evaluated for decontamination needs

• This evaluation needs to be performed by qualified individuals and properly protected personnel

Specific Actions for Suspected Terrorist Incidents

• Take self protective actions• Be alert to secondary devices• Communicate suspicions during the notification

process• Establish work control zones and access control

points• Document the initial observation• Attempt to preserve evidence

If available show the video -“Surviving the Secondary Device”

(optional)

Proper Guide Page UseProper Guide Page Use

Table of Protective Action DistancesTable of Protective Action Distances

Emergency Response InformationEmergency Response Information

• Firefighting– Definition of “Haz-Mat Fire”– Defensive Vs. Offensive– Role of the awareness responder

• Spill / Leak Control– Not an awareness level role

• First Aid– Remember to prevent secondary contamination

Video Unit 3

Unit 3 SummaryUnit 3 Summary• ERG provides guidelines

• You can find a guide page by:– Name, ID number or placard comparison

• Basic instructions - page 1

• Two indexes

• Orange guide pages

• Green protective action pages



UNIT 4 - “Termination and Final Activities”UNIT 4 - “Termination and Final Activities”


• Identify the three actions necessary for proper termination

• Identify the information that should be received by responders during on scene debriefing

Reasons for TerminationReasons for Termination

• Required by OSHA• Relates important

information to the responders

• Ensures exposures are documented

• Ensures that we improve our future responses

Steps to Proper TerminationSteps to Proper Termination

• On-scene Debriefing– Chemical or Agent– Health Effects– Signs/Symptoms– Responsive Actions

• Incident Critique

• After Action Report

Video Unit 4


• Reasons for incident termination

• Steps to proper incident termination

• On-scene debriefing