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Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Charles H. BronsonCOMMISSIONER
Mosquito Control in Mosquito Control in the CDDthe CDD
Celebration Development DistrictMay 11, 2009
Discussion Topics Reasons for Mosquito Control
Basic Biology
Methods of Mosquito Control
Surveillance: Key to Mosquito Control
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Reasons for Mosquito Control
Disease ControlDisease ControlDengueDengueWest Nile VirusWest Nile VirusSt. Louis St. Louis
EncephalitisEncephalitisEastern Equine Eastern Equine
EncephalitisEncephalitisMalariaMalaria
Reasons for Mosquito Control
Disease ControlDisease Control MalariaMalaria
– 3.2 billion people in 107 3.2 billion people in 107 countries at risk of malariacountries at risk of malaria
– 350 – 500 million clinical 350 – 500 million clinical episodes/yrepisodes/yr
– 1 million deaths/yr1 million deaths/yr
Encephalitis Encephalitis – Costs 20K to 3 million for Costs 20K to 3 million for
long term carelong term care
Reasons for Mosquito Control
Quality of Life Quality of Life – Mosquito attacks significantly reduce ability to Mosquito attacks significantly reduce ability to
enjoy outdoors – reduces recreational activity, tourism, etc.enjoy outdoors – reduces recreational activity, tourism, etc.
Mosquito – Basic Biology
Insects – Diptera
Approximately 200 species in U.S.– Two wings, wings have scales. – Female mosquitoes' mouthparts form a
long piercing-sucking proboscis. – Males have feathery antennae and
mouthparts not suitable for piercing skin.– A mosquito's principal food is nectar or
similar sugar source.
Mosquito – Basic Biology
Female mosquitoes – take a Female mosquitoes – take a blood meal for egg blood meal for egg productionproduction
Four stage life cycleFour stage life cycleAdapted for marginal Adapted for marginal
environmentsenvironments
Adapted for Adapted for rapidrapid increase in increase in numbers numbers
Quickly overwhelm other Quickly overwhelm other predatorspredators
Mosquito – Basic Biology
Species vary in:Species vary in:– Preferred habitatPreferred habitat– Preferred egg laying Preferred egg laying
sitessites– Host RangeHost Range– Times of peak activityTimes of peak activity– Preferred harboragePreferred harborage– Ability (competence) Ability (competence)
to transmit diseaseto transmit disease
Results in – variability Results in – variability in control method in control method effectivenesseffectiveness
Mosquito Species of Concern
Ades taeniorhynchus Ades taeniorhynchus Aedes aeqyptiiAedes aeqyptiiAedes sollicitans Aedes sollicitans Ades albopictusAdes albopictusAdes vexansAdes vexansCulex nigripalpusCulex nigripalpusCulex quinquifasciatusCulex quinquifasciatusCoquillattidia perterbans*Coquillattidia perterbans*Psorophora columbiaePsorophora columbiae
Methods of Mosquito Control
– `
Source reductionSource reduction
LarvacidingLarvaciding
AdulticidingAdulticiding
Methods of Mosquito Control
Source reduction Source reduction disrupts life cycle:disrupts life cycle:– Prevent egg laying Prevent egg laying
and developmentand development– Empty water Empty water
receptaclesreceptacles– Drain standing Drain standing
waterwater– Clean guttersClean gutters– Abandoned Abandoned
cisterns?cisterns?
Methods of Mosquito Control
Ground BasedGround BasedTruck or HandTruck or Hand
Aerial Aerial Liquid or GranularLiquid or Granular
LarvicidingLarviciding
Methods of Mosquito Control Larvicides Larvicides
ACTIVE INGREDIENT BRAND NAME
Temephos Abate
s-methoprene Altosid
Diflubenzuron Dimilin
GB-1111 Golden Bear
Mono-molecular film Agnique, Arosurf
Bacillus thurigiensis israelensis
Bti
Bacillus sphaericus Vectolex
Methods of Mosquito Control
Adulticiding Adulticiding Ground Based:Ground Based: Aerial: Aerial:
Truck, HandTruck, Hand Thermal, ULV Thermal, ULV
Methods of Mosquito Control
AdulticidesAdulticidesACTIVE INGREDIENTACTIVE INGREDIENT BRAND NAMEBRAND NAME
MalathionMalathion FyfanonFyfanon
NaledNaled DibromDibrom
ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos DursbanDursban
Natural PyrethrinsNatural Pyrethrins PyrocidePyrocide
ResmethrinResmethrin ScourgeScourge
PermethrinPermethrin Bio-mist, Aqua Bio-mist, Aqua ReslinReslin
SumithrinSumithrin AnvilAnvil
Methods of Mosquito Control
ULV – truck or aircraft ULV – truck or aircraft
High Pressure systemsHigh Pressure systems
Methods of Mosquito Control
Adulticiding Adulticiding – Droplet size of Droplet size of
application application important!important!
– Too small – will not Too small – will not reach targetreach target
– Too large – will fall Too large – will fall outout
– Ideal = 15-20 Ideal = 15-20 microns – impacts microns – impacts mosquitoesmosquitoes
AdulticidingAdulticiding
““Timing of Application”Timing of Application”
– Must be done when Must be done when adults mosquitoes activeadults mosquitoes active
– Usually dusk/dawn/nightUsually dusk/dawn/night
– Avoid times/places bees Avoid times/places bees are activeare active
– AquacultureAquaculture
Methods of Mosquito Control
Methods of Mosquito Control
Biological Controls
– Bats
– Birds (Blue Marlin)
– Insect Predators
– Mosquito Fish (Gambusia)
Methods of Mosquito Control
Surveillance! Surveillance!
What is the Basis of Successful Mosquito What is the Basis of Successful Mosquito Control?Control?
Mosquito Control SurveillanceSurveillanceSurveillance
- Defines nature and extent of problem - Defines nature and extent of problem (numbers and species)(numbers and species)
- Basis for determining when/how to Basis for determining when/how to treattreat
- Used to determine efficacy/need for Used to determine efficacy/need for retreatmentretreatment
- Chapter 5E-13, FAC changed to Chapter 5E-13, FAC changed to require surveillance to justify sprayingrequire surveillance to justify spraying
Mosquito Control Surveillance
Techniques:Techniques:Telephone requestsTelephone requests
– ““Battle is already lost”Battle is already lost”
– Reflects only actively biting adultsReflects only actively biting adults
– Calls need to be logged in and mapped Calls need to be logged in and mapped (identified)(identified)
– Over time a historical record can be Over time a historical record can be developeddeveloped
Mosquito Control Surveillance
Techniques:Techniques: Landing rate countsLanding rate counts
– Record number per minuteRecord number per minute
– What number justifies What number justifies spraying?spraying?
– No-repellant can be worn!No-repellant can be worn!
– Ethical issues – worker Ethical issues – worker exposure to disease carrying exposure to disease carrying mosquitoesmosquitoes
Mosquito Control Surveillance
Techniques:Techniques:TrappingTrapping
– Light traps – CDC & New JerseyLight traps – CDC & New Jersey
– Baited (COBaited (CO22 or octenol) or octenol)
– Un-baited Un-baited
Location important!Location important! Truck trapsTruck traps Suction trapsSuction traps
Mosquito Control Surveillance
TrappingTrapping Traps collected daily or Traps collected daily or
several times per weekseveral times per week Adult mosquitoes Adult mosquitoes
“speciated” (ID) & “speciated” (ID) & countedcounted
Data logged and Data logged and mappedmapped
Zone # Zone 1 Zone 2Trap LocationArea:Pre or Post trtmt Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray Pre Spray
Night of SprayDate Collected 9/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/9/2004 9/8/2004 9/8/2004
An crucians 72 110 32Anopheles speciesAnopheles atroposAedes albopictus 2Ae vexansCs melanura 10Cq pertubans 2Cx nigripalpus 24,000 5088 3056 5152 576 4608 384 3056Cx pip quinqueCx erraticus 56Cx salinarius 4Mansonia titillansMansonia dyariMansonia species 32 8 32Oc atlanticusOc infirmatus 34Oc triseriatusPs howardii 64 32 40Ps ciliata 8Ps columbiae 2048 192 302 440 64 960 96 302Ps ciliataPs feroxUranotaeniaTOTAL 26,112 5,312 3,390 5,712 640 5,576 698 3,422
Zone 1 Zone 1Hardee County Desoto County Oscelola County
Mosquito Control Surveillance
Techniques:Techniques:Larval/Pupal StagesLarval/Pupal Stages
– Inventory potential sitesInventory potential sites– Visually inspect when Visually inspect when
weather conditions permitweather conditions permit– Dip cupsDip cups– ID species on siteID species on site– Record stage of Record stage of
development and number development and number per dipper dip
– Data logged and mappedData logged and mapped
Mosquito Control in the CDD
Mosquito Control in CelebrationWhy do you need mosquito control in CDD?
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Osceola County MCD BioMist 31 + 66
(permethrin) Total of 8 applications Rate 0.00148 lbs/ac Treated CDD as one unit
Clarke Mosquito Control BioMist 4 + 4
(permethrin) Total of 719 applications Rate 0.00175 lbs/ac Partitioned CDD into
Treatment Zones
Treatments Performed in CDD in 2008
Maximum Label Rate = 0.18 lbs/ac/yrCannot exceed 102 applications/yr
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Osceola County MCD Applications in 2008
Date Product AI -----
July 28 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Aug 11 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Aug 18 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Sept 4 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Sept 15 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Sept 24 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Oct 2 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Oct 20 BioMist 31+66 Permethrin, PBO -----
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Clarke Mosquito Control ApplicationsUsed two products alternately
– Anvil 10+10 (Sumethrin + PBO)– BioMist 4+4 (Permethrin + PBO)
Divide CDD into 9 Treatment Zones
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Clarke Mosquito Control Applications in 2008
Zone Apps/ Zone Miles/ Zone Acres/ ZoneTotal Gal
Used/ Zone
1 26 18.9 687.3 67.01
2 89 14.1 512.7 169.81
5 89 3.1 112.7 36.89
7 98 10.5 381.8 177.70
10 89 5.6 203 67.21
11 96 10.4 378.2 172.78
12 96 5.6 203 93.11
14 44 4 145.45 21.58
15 92 7.4 269.1 117.63
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Clarke Applications Osceola Applications
ZoneApp/ Zone
App Rate
Lbs/ Ac
App/ Zone
App Rate
Lbs/ Ac Total Lbs
1 26 0.00175 0.0455 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.0573
2 89 0.00175 0.1558 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1676
5 89 0.00175 0.1558 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1676
7 98 0.00175 0.1715 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1833*
10 89 0.00175 0.1558 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1676
11 96 0.00175 0.1680 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1798
12 96 0.00175 0.1680 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1798
14 44 0.00175 0.0770 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.0888
15 92 0.00175 0.1610 8 0.00148 0.0118 0.1728
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Applications to Zone 7: Maximum rate for permethrin applications is 0.180
lbs/ac/yr Maximum rate for permethrin was exceeded by 1.7%
– (0.0033lbs/ac ÷ 0.18 lbs/ac max label rate X 100%)
– (0.0033 lbs/ac ≈ 1.5 grams (paperclip))
Maximum number of applications was exceeded (max number of applications is 102; 106 were made)
Exceeding maximum label rate and number due to lack of coordination between OMCD and CDD
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Summary Recommendations for CDD
1. Coordinate applications in CDD with OMCD– OMCD downsized MC operations– Contracted with Clarke MC to handle
applications– Ms. Sherry Burroughs appointed as Director of
OMCD
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Summary Recommendations for CDD2. Train a member(s) of the CDD Board of
Directors in MC– Assist/direct contractor spray missions– Act as liaison to OMCD– Act as liaison to CDD citizens– Publish information (monthly?) for CDD
citizens (IPM)
Mosquito Control in Celebration
Summary Recommendations for CDD
3. Develop standard treatment protocols agreeable to citizens of CDD
– Develop standardized criteria for surveillance• Landing rate counts
• Trapping (locations, numbers needed to treat)
• Mosquito identification (“speciate”)
• Monitor disease vectors
Discussion / Questions