Flora and Fauna Assessment...Flora and Fauna Management Plans were produced by Greenloaning Biostudies for the Eastern Quarry Sector (EQS) in October 1999 and for the Western Quarry

AREA RE3D

AREA RE3E

© Copyright 2013. This report is copyright protected and is not to be reproduced in part or in full without the express written permission of Blackwood Ecological Services.

Broken Head QuarrySuffolk Park NSW

Environmental Monitoring Report

BlackwooDEcologicaL ServiceS

January 2013

Broken Head Quarry Monitoring Report January 2013 Page 2

NOTE Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this report, its attachments or appendices may be reproduced by any process without the written consent of Blackwood Ecological Services. We have prepared this report for the sole purposes of Broken Head Quarry Pty. Ltd. for the specific purpose only for which it is supplied. This report is strictly limited to the Purpose and the facts and matters stated in it and does not apply directly or indirectly and will not be used for any other application, purpose, use or matter. In preparing this report we have assumed that all information and documents provided to us by the Client or as a result of a specific request or enquiry were complete, accurate and up-to-date. Where we have obtained information from a government register or database, we have assumed that the information is accurate. Where an assumption has been made, we have not made any independent investigations with respect to the matters the subject of that assumption. We are not aware of any reason why any of the assumptions are incorrect. This report is presented without the assumption of a duty of care to any other person (other than the Client). The report may not contain sufficient information for the purposes of a Third Party or for other uses. Blackwood Ecological Services will not be liable to a Third Party for any loss, damage, liability or claim arising out of or incidental to a Third Party publishing, using or relying on the facts, content, opinions or subject matter contained in this report. If a Third Party uses or relies on the facts, content, opinions or subject matter contained in this report with or without the consent of Blackwood Ecological Services, Blackwood Ecological Services disclaims all risk and the Third Party assumes all risk and releases and indemnifies and agrees to keep indemnified Blackwood Ecological Services from any loss, damage, claim or liability arising directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on this report. In this note, a reference to loss and damage includes past and prospective economic loss, loss of profits, damage to property, injury to any person (including death) costs and expenses incurred in taking measures to prevent, mitigate or rectify any harm, loss of opportunity, legal costs, compensation, interest and any other direct, indirect, consequential or financial or other loss.

Document Verification

Project Title: Broken Head Quarry – Monitoring Report

Project Number: 603

Project File Name: BHQ monitoring report Jan 2013.docx

Revision Date Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Final 29/01/13 Kelly Simpson Mark Free

Blackwood Ecological Services PO Box 336 BANGALOW NSW 2479 www.blackwoodecology.com.au

http://www.blackwoodecology.com.au/


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction ............................................................................... 5

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Aims and objectives ................................................................................................................... 5

2 Significant flora .......................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Durobby (Syzygium moorei) ......................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Rusty plum (Niemeyera whitei) .................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Red-fruited kurrajong (Sterculia quadrifida) .............................................................................. 7

3 Monitoring and assessment of Nestbox program ..................... 8

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Condition and use of fauna nestboxes ................................................................................... 8 3.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 9

4 Vegetation rehabilitation areas ................................................. 11

4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 11 4.2 Area RE1 ................................................................................................................................... 11

4.2.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 11 4.2.2 Assessment & recommendations ...................................................................................... 12

4.3 Area RE2 ................................................................................................................................... 14 4.3.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 14 4.3.2 Assessment & recommendations ...................................................................................... 14

4.4 Area RE3 ................................................................................................................................... 16 4.4.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 16 4.4.2 Assessment & recommendations ...................................................................................... 18

4.5 Area RW1 .................................................................................................................................. 19 4.5.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 19 4.5.2 Assessment & recommendations ...................................................................................... 20

4.6 Area RW2 .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.6.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 20 4.6.2 Assessment & recommendations ...................................................................................... 21

4.7 Sedimentation pond rehabilitation area ................................................................................ 22 4.7.1 Photo comparisons ............................................................................................................. 22 4.7.2 Assessment and recommendations ................................................................................... 23

5 Seed collection and propagation .............................................. 25

5.1 Seed collection .......................................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Propagation and onsite nursery ............................................................................................. 25

6 Weed control ............................................................................ 26

6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 26 6.2 Daily record sheets .................................................................................................................. 26 6.3 Assessment and recommendations ....................................................................................... 28

7 Cane Toad Control ................................................................... 29

7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 29 7.2 Cane toad control strategy ...................................................................................................... 29 7.3 Cane toad control fence .......................................................................................................... 29


8 Vegetation clearance ................................................................ 30

8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 30 8.2 Area V1 ..................................................................................................................................... 30

9 Additional Environmental Management ................................. 31

9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 31 9.2 Buffer Plantings at North Entrance EQS ............................................................................ 31 9.3 Buffer Plantings at WQS ........................................................................................................ 31

10 Summary of Required Actions ................................................. 32

11 References ................................................................................ 33


1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Blackwood Ecological Services have been engaged by Broken Head Quarry Pty. Ltd. (BHQ) to undertake an environmental monitoring program and complete regular Environmental Monitoring Reports for the Broken Head Quarry at Suffolk Park, NSW. A Species Impact Statement (SIS) was prepared for the site by Greenloaning Biostudies in 1997 for the then owners, Batson Sand & Gravel Pty. Ltd. The Conditions of Consent for the Quarry operations required that a Flora and Fauna Management Plan be prepared for the Quarry. Flora and Fauna Management Plans were produced by Greenloaning Biostudies for the Eastern Quarry Sector (EQS) in October 1999 and for the Western Quarry Sector (WQS) in April 2000. These Management Plans detailed a series of monitoring actions related largely to:

monitoring of Threatened flora and fauna species known from the site;

monitoring of rehabilitation areas, and

reporting of vegetation clearing operations within the Quarry area. Monitoring actions required have since been revised based on discussions with Byron Shire Council, as detailed in the Environmental Management Report (Blackwood Ecological Services 2007). The Environmental Management Report requires an Environmental Monitoring Report to be produced every 6 months. The previous Environmental Monitoring Report was submitted in July 2012.

1.2 Aims and objectives This monitoring report provides details on:

The health of significant flora species recorded on the property.

The condition and progress of vegetation rehabilitation areas.

Seed collection and propagation of native seedlings for rehabilitation areas.

Weed control activities.

Cane Toad control activities.

The condition of regrowth in cleared areas.

The condition of fauna nestboxes on the site and any details on fauna occupying nestboxes.

Any additional environmental management practices which have been undertaken at the quarry since the previous monitoring event.


2 SIGNIFICANT FLORA

2.1 Introduction The location of Significant flora on the Quarry property is shown in FIGURE 1. Significant trees were inspected on 16th January 2013 with general notes made on their apparent health, progress of buffer plantings (if any), any significant weed infestation and/or any other factors that may threaten the good health of the trees.

2.2 Durobby (Syzygium moorei) The Durobby in the WQS remains in good condition with healthy new growth noted and a significant growth in the Diameter at Breast Height (dbh) from 35mm in July 2012 to 37.5mm. Buffer plantings of Hard corkwood, Brown bolly gum, Mock olive and Tuckeroo to the east of the Durobby are continuing to grow. Additionally, minimal erosion along the drainage channel leading to the Durobby was noted. Native vines including Five-leaf water vine (Cissus hypoglauca) and Wait-a-while vine (Smilax australis) which were noted during the previous monitoring event as possibly requiring trimming have grown substantially in the last 6 months. It is therefore recommended that these vines should be trimmed around the Durobby, as part of upcoming weed control activities, to prevent overburdening/smothering the tree.

2.3 Rusty plum (Niemeyera whitei) The Rusty plum in the WQS (-28.692782 latitude, 153.598907 longitude) remains in good condition with significant new growth evident at the time of the site visit (PLATE 1). The large number of Rusty plum seedlings located in the vicinity of the parent tree continue to develop although some insect damage was noted. This does not seem to be affecting the health/growth of seedlings however with new growth noted. The native vines Five-leaf water vine (Cissus hypoglauca) and Wait-a-while vine (Smilax australis) which are climbing the parent tree should continue to be monitored and removed from any seedlings until these plants become established. Areas of Lantana and Winter senna noted during the previous monitoring event have been controlled as part of the weed control program in the past 6 months and there is minimal weed presence in this area.

Source: Bill Mills Aerial Photography 2007 (BHQ170.jpg)File: 603 FIGURE 1

LOCATION OF REHABILITATION AREAS, SIGNIFICANT PLANTS AND FAUNA NESTBOXES

Broken Head, NSWBroken Head QuarryEnvironmental Monitoring Report

Drawn by: KS Date: 24/01/2013

www.blackwoodecology.com.au

Sedimentation pondrehabilitation area &location of Cane toadcontrol fence

NortH

RE3a

RE 3b

RE 3e

RE 2

RW 1

RW 2

V11A 1B

2A 2B

4A 4B

5A 5B

Slash pine weedcontrol area

3A 3B

8A 8B

7A 7B

1C

4C

8C

7C

6A

RE 1

RE 3c

RE 3d

Stonyhillside

Buffer plantingsWQS

Bro

ken H

ead R

oad

Natural Lane

Buffer plantingsEQS

Durobby

Rusty plum

Bat box

Possum/glider box

Vegetation Rehabilitation Area

Previous Vegetation Clearance Area

KEY

0m 50m 100m 200m150m

Metres


PLATE 1 New growth on the Rusty plum parent tree.

2.4 Red-fruited kurrajong (Sterculia quadrifida) The Red-fruited kurrajong seedling transplanted to area RW2 in July 2008 has shown little change since the last visit in July 2012. Dense growth of Brown bolly gums surrounding the seedling are likely to be limiting sunlight exposure and resulting in the slow progress. However, a number of naturally occurring Red-fruited kurrajong seedlings and semi-mature trees are present in the surrounding area and growing steadily.


3 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF NESTBOX PROGRAM

3.1 Introduction To provide additional habitat on the Quarry site for native hollow-dwelling fauna, a number of fauna nestboxes have been installed at various locations around the western and eastern quarry sectors. Additional batboxes were sourced from Hollow Log Homes and installed at the quarry site in 2007 to make a total of seven batboxes in the EQS and four in the WQS. These boxes are made from treated timber and included a number of traditional style boxes as well as several “hanging-style” boxes. An additional eight fauna nestboxes were installed in November 2010 including four batboxes and four possum/glider boxes. These boxes were sourced from Wildlife Relocation and Management Services and are made from modified hollow branches from trees removed at development sites in the region (PLATE 2). The location of fauna nestboxes across the Quarry site is shown in FIGURE 1.

PLATE 2 NESTBOXES MADE FROM MODIFIED HOLLOW BRANCHES

3.2 Condition and use of fauna nestboxes TABLE 1 lists the fauna nestboxes installed on the property, the GPS location of each box, provides notes on their condition and records any evidence of use from the January 2013 monitoring program.


TABLE 1

RESULTS OF FAUNA NESTBOX MONITORING Number Location Box Type Notes Replacement

Required?

Eastern Quarry Sector

1A EQS North 28º41.655S 153 º36.233E

Batbox No bat activity evident. Box in disrepair. Yes

1B Batbox No bat activity evident. Box in disrepair. Yes

1C EQS North 28.694446ºS 153.603858ºE

Possum/ Glider box.

Box was found to be empty although evidence of nesting including layers of leaves were noted in the base of the box.

No

2A EQS South

Batbox Box fallen and broken due to termites. Yes

2B Batbox Box fallen and broken due to termites. Yes

3A EQS South 28 º41.849S 153 º36.142E

Batbox Fallen and damaged, needs replacing. Yes

3B Batbox Broken, needs replacing. Yes

6A EQS South 28 º41.849S 153 º36.142E

Batbox Box needs replacing. Yes

8A EQS North (East of dam) 28.695179ºS 153.606078ºE

Batbox. No bat activity noted. Natural hollows make visibility difficult.

No

8B Batbox. No bat activity noted. Natural hollows make visibility difficult.

No

8C Possum/Glider box.

Box was found to be empty. No

Western Quarry Sector

4A WQS North 28º41.655S 153 º35.916E

Batbox No bat activity evident. Hanging type box design.

No

4B Batbox No bat activity evident. Spider present. No

4C WQS North 28.694307ºS 153.598580ºE

Possum/Glider box.

No fauna present (occupied by Sugar glider during previous monitoring in Dec 2011).

No

5A WQS North 28 º41.829S 153 º35.940E

Batbox Not bat activity evident. No

5B Batbox Broken, removed for repairs. Yes

7A WQS South (behind site office) 28.697728ºS 153.598507ºE

Batbox. Approximately 10-12 bats emerged from box.

No

7B Batbox. No bat activity noted. Natural hollows make visibility difficult.

No

7C Possum/Glider box.

No fauna present. No

It should be noted that use of the hanging type boxes as well as most of the open bottom boxes on the site would not be evident unless bats were actually roosting at the time of inspection.

3.3 Summary The fauna box monitoring program shows that the program has been a success in providing a source of roosting hollows for native fauna, with a colony of bats resident. A number of the


older boxes have fallen as a result of termite infestation and require replacement. These will be replaced with the natural branch hollow style boxes which are showing no signs of deterioration and have been successful in providing habitat for bats and arboreal mammals.


4 VEGETATION REHABILITATION AREAS

4.1 Introduction This section includes the results site assessments and photo-monitoring comparisons of each of the established Vegetation Rehabilitation Areas. The location of these areas is shown in FIGURE 1.

4.2 Area RE1

4.2.1 Photo comparisons

PLATE 3: Rehabilitation area RE1, January 2007



PLATE 5: Vegetation cover on exposed stony hillside, Area RE1, April 2010

PLATE 6: Development of vegetation cover on exposed stony hillside, Area RE1, January 2013

4.2.2 Assessment & recommendations

Area: RE1 Recent dry months have reduced the presence of ferns and groundcovers in some sections of this area, specifically on the upper slope. Despite this plantings continue to grow steadily with some individuals over 5m tall including eucalypts, Coast banksia, Narrow-leaf acacia and Hop bush. The pond level was again high at the time of the site visit which has further increased the presence of rushes, sedges and Bushy clubmoss around the fenceline. The dry weather has also resulted in the limited growth of exotic groundcovers and weed control works are not a priority in this area.


Area: Exposed Stony Hillside Despite the harsh conditions in this area, plantings continue to do well and show signs of growth. Coast banksia and eucalypts are developing most successfully in this area. Groundcover is limited due to the rocky, dry substrate, however the native vine Dusky coral pea is germinating and providing some surface cover. Additionally natural germination of eucalypts, Coast banksia and Narrow-leaf acacia continues to develop and supplement the planting effort. Some larger plantings have fallen over in this area, most likely due to the shallow, rocky soils. This should be monitored as part of the monitoring program and stakes installed to secure plantings if required. Guards from mature seedlings have been removed from this area in the last 6 months as recommended. Weed control works in this area are not considered a priority.


4.3 Area RE2





A number of Coast wattles in the northern section of RE2 have died back in the last 6 months which has increased exposure and resulted in the prevalence of exotic grasses and herbs particularly Setaria, Ragweed and Purpletop. Vegetation from the eastern side of the road has also been removed recently which has also increased exposure of vegetation along this slope. The southern section and vegetation along the top of the slope continue to develop well. Several larger patches of Morning glory were noted climbing through the middle section of RE2 and along the top slope. The vine is starting to smother a number of smaller canopy trees and


should be controlled as part of upcoming weed control activities to ensure the development of these trees. It would be beneficial to improve the native canopy cover in this area hence shading out exotic groundcovers. It is recommended that future planting be undertaken in the northern section of RE2 where Coast wattle has died and exotic weeds are prevalent. Species suitable for planting in this area, based upon those plants which have developed well in the southern section, include Narrow-leaf acacia, Persoonia, eucalypts and Brushbox.


4.4 Area RE3


PLATE 9 REHABILITATION AREA RE3, JANUARY 2007

PLATE 10 REHABILITATION AREA RE3, JANUARY 2013


PLATE 11: Area RE3a, January 2013

PLATE 12: Area RE3b, January 2013

PLATE 13: Area RE3c, January 2013

PLATE 14: Area RE3d, January 2013

PLATE 15: Area RE3e, January 2013



Area: RE3a Native vegetation within this area has achieved complete canopy cover with a very dense shrub layer dominated by Coastal wattle, Narrow-leaf acacia and Hopbush. Emergent eucalypts continue to grow steadily reaching 10m in height. This area was rehabilitated through the application of topsoil from another area and shows the importance of managing topsoil for later reuse due to the effectiveness of this method. No recommendations are made for this area. Area: RE3b Narrow-leaf acacia, Persoonia and Coast wattle continue to develop well achieving a solid shrub canopy layer in some areas and reducing the presence of exotic species. Natural germination is also prolific in this area. The developing vegetation cover and logs provide high quality habitat for native reptile species. Guards have been removed around more established plants. Area: RE3c Additional plantings undertaken in this area in June 2012 to supplement previous plantings have progressed well. Brushbox, Cheese tree, eucalypts, Teatree and Narrow-leaf acacia have done the best with some plantings growing well above the top of the guards and reaching 50-60cm in height. Callicoma has done least well, this species tending to prefer more sheltered sites. Given the harsh conditions of the north facing slope the majority of plantings have done very well with only 10% loss of plantings. Natural regeneration of Hopbush, Curly wig, Narrow-leaf acacia and Persoonia is also prevalent through this area and will assist with increasing the native vegetation cover. Exotic grasses are prevalent in some sections however this is assisting with erosion control and reducing baking of the soil surface. Area RE3d Plantings and natural regeneration continue to grow steadily in this section despite the recent dry conditions. Eucalypts, Coast banksia, Teatree and Hopbush are growing the most effectively of all the species present reaching a height of between 2-4m tall. Guards in this area are being maintained. Area RE3e Plantings undertaken in June 2012 along this slope have progressed well despite the harsh growing conditions and recent dry weather. Species more tolerant of dry conditions such as eucalypts, Brushbox, Coast banksia, Teatree and Turpentine have performed the best with several growing above the guard. Some of the more rainforest adapted species such as Callicoma and Pink euodia have not taken so well. Overall the majority of plantings are doing well with an estimated 10% loss. Exotic grasses, primarily Paspalum, have grown extensively along this slope since the plantings was undertaken. Spraying of these grasses immediately around plantings should be undertaken to reduce competition and encourage the development of plants, particularly where grasses are growing inside guards and within Lomandras which weren’t guarded. The remaining areas of exotic grass cover should be left to provide erosion protection.


General Recommendations/Suggestions for RE3a-e

Tree guards around plantings undertaken in June 2012 should be maintained regularly.

Construction of the swale and infilling of the erosion gullies will assist with preventing further erosion within RE3e.

Weed control, including spraying of exotic grasses, should be undertaken around recent plantings where it is interfering with the establishment of these plants. The remaining areas of weed should be left to stabilise surface soils.

Given the harsh growing conditions of RE3, any future plantings to be undertaken in this area should utilise the same planting methodology employed in June 2012, including the use of water crystals, fertiliser and mulch and guarding of seedlings.

4.5 Area RW1


PLATE 16: Rehabilitation area RW1, January 2007




Trees in this area have undergone prolific growth in the last 6 months with Cheese tree, Coast banksia, Brushbox, Persoonia and eucalypts doing particularly well. As a result the shrub layer has become more open in some areas where the canopy is becoming more established. A couple of Coast wattle shrubs have died which has also opened the shrub layer up a bit more. Consequently there are some patches of Crofton and Lantana, although this is not considered a high priority for weed control activities. Native vines including Glycine, Marsdenia and Kennedia continue to develop well and groundcover ferns including Bracken and Umbrella fern are becoming well established.

4.6 Area RW2


PLATE 18: Rehabilitation area RW2 June 2008




This area continues to undergo prolific growth since 2008 with some areas comprising a fully established canopy up to 15m tall. Dominant species include Duboisia, Brown kurrajong, Pencil cedar, Sweet pittosporum and Persoonia. Native vines including Pearl vine, Marsdenia and Wait-a-while vine have also grown substantially since the last monitoring event. Brushbox and eucalypts planted along the top edge of the southern bank above RW2 are healthy and up to 8m in height now. Guards have been removed from established plantings. Plantings within RW2 are growing steadily and guards have been removed from more established plantings. Growth of natural regeneration is substantial in this area, in particular Brown bolly gum seedlings are abundant. Weed densitiess are generally low with Paspalum the dominant species. Taller Wild tobacco trees have been removed as part of the weed control activities where native plants are developing.


4.7 Sedimentation pond rehabilitation area


PLATE 20:

Northern bank of sedimentation pond, June 2008 (view west from outlet channel).

PLATE 21: Northern bank of sedimentation pond, January 2013 (view west from outlet channel).


PLATE 22: Southern bank of sedimentation pond, November 2007

PLATE 23: Southern bank of sedimentation pond, January 2013

4.7.2 Assessment and recommendations

The high pond level has resulted in extensive germination of Broad-leaved paperbark around the edge of the pond as well as behind the Cane toad fence where the ground has received intermittent waterlogging. Trees are up to 6m tall in some areas and there are numerous seedlings present. Frogsmouth and ferns as well as native sedges, rushes and Club mosses dominate the immediate pond edge and more open areas behind the fence. Some areas of Broad-leaf paspalum are present amongst the fringing vegetation but are not outcompeting natives which clearly dominate.


The eastern edge of the pond has limited canopy cover development unlike the northern and southern perimeters. However, Frogsmouth is growing steadily in this area and there are several Narrow-leaf acacia and Cypress seedlings present. A band of dense Broad-leaved paperbark and eucalypts have become established along the overflow channel and groundcover vegetation continues to be dominated by native rushes, sedges and ferns. Some Setaria is also present although this is not considered a priority for weed control works. No evidence of germinating Gahnia was noted within the area that was direct seeded in December 2011.


5 SEED COLLECTION AND PROPAGATION

5.1 Seed collection Seed collection throughout the past 6 months has been undertaken by the weed control team and Blackwood Ecology as recommended in previous monitoring reports. Seed collected during this time includes.

Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia)

Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi)

Gahnia (Gahnia sieberiana)

The seed collection register is included as APPENDIX A.

5.2 Propagation and onsite nursery Approximately 5 boxes of plants are located at the onsite nursery within the quarry. These plants were left over from the planting completed in June 2012 and include mostly rainforest species which were not suitable for planting on the north facing rocky slope in RE3. Species remaining are listed below.

Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia)

Callicoma (Callicoma serratifolia)

Sweet pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum)

Umbrella cheese tree (Glochidion sumartranum)

Tea-tree (Leptospermum liversidgei)

Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides)

Scrub turpentine (Rhodamnia rubescens)

Pink euodia (Melicope elleryana)

Lilly pilly (Acmena smithii)

Brush cherry (Syzygium australe)

Blue lilly pilly (Syzygium oleosum) These remaining seedlings are more suitable to the WQS where vegetation associations are wetter and planting areas less exposed. Three areas are suggested for planting, including.

The slash pine weed control zone

The fishbone fern weed control zone located near the Rusty plum (GPS co-ordinates 558479E, 6825897N).

Open areas located within the forested area behind the weighbridge and site office. The first two areas listed above have had substantial weed control works completed in the past and planting could be undertaken to supplement the natural regeneration occurring in these areas.


6 WEED CONTROL

6.1 Introduction A team of suitably qualified Bush regenerators led by Ross Faithfull has been engaged to undertake regular weed control on the property. In accordance with the Weed control strategy detailed in the Environmental Management Report, weed control was initially undertaken within Rehabilitation areas and throughout bushland areas.

6.2 Daily record sheets TABLE 3 contains a summary of information supplied by Ross Faithfull in his daily record sheets documenting weed control actions at the Quarry. Detailed daily record sheets are included in APPENDIX B.

TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF WEED CONTROL ACTIONS JULY 2012 TO DECEMBER 2012

Date Area worked and weed control actions

Species controlled Notes

20/07/2012 Spot spray through SW section of WQS

Fishbone, Crofton, Blue billy goat, Lantana, Umbrella tree, Camphor laurel, Ardizia, Slash pine, Molasses grass, Broad-leaf paspalum, Cocos palm, Mistflower, Senna, Passionfruit spp.

Follow up required: Stem inject remaining Camphor laurel trees in area worked today.

10/08/2012 WQS: Stem inject remaining Camphor laurels and Slash pine trees in area worked last month. Spot spray in area around Haul Rd entrance western side.

Camphor laurel, Slash pine, Lantana, Winter senna, Ardizia, Fishbone fern, Ground asparagus, Bush lemon, Passionfruit spp, Umbrella tree, Crofton weed, Mistflower, Grasses and annuals.

Follow up: Check through area between Main road and north boundary next time.

3/09/2012 WQS: Treat woody weeds and climbing vines along NE boundary and main road.

Lantana, Duranta, Bitou bush, Camphor laurel, Umbrella tree, Cocos palm, Ochna, Passionfruit spp, Avocado, Mango, Bush lemon

Follow up: Larger weed trees to be stem injected with 240V drill and generator next month in area worked. Continue follow up in area between Quarry works and northern boundary.

26/10/2012 Stem inject Camphor laurels and Umbrella

Camphor laurel and Umbrella tree. Follow up: Continue to check for weeds along north boundary in WQS. Found large patch of fishbone fern and more Umbrella trees to


Date Area worked and weed control actions

Species controlled Notes

trees in NE section of WQS.

treat next month.

30/11/2012 Stem inject remaining Umbrella trees and Camphor laurels in north section of WQS. Spray Fishbone fern infestation in central north. Stem inject Coral trees along north edge of quarry works.

Umbrella tree, Camphor laurel, Ardisia, Fishbone fern, Lantana, Coral tree, Tobacco bush, Lantana, Winter senna, Large-leaf privet.

Follow up: Check planting in SW of north section. Spray Fishbone fern outbreaks in SW area of north section (WQS).

21/12/2012 WQS: Spray areas of fishbone fern in area north of Quarry operations, plus stem inject Camphor laurels and Umbrella trees. Spray through area planted in NW section.

Fishbone fern, Lantana, Winter senna, Umbrella tree, Camphor laurel, Corky passionfruit, grasses and annuals, Murraya, Bluebilly goat weed, Ragweed, Paddy’s Lucerne and Cotton bush.

Check EQS rehab areas in January.


6.3 Assessment and recommendations In this monitoring period, weed control has continued to control weed growth concentrating on the WQS. Works have primarily focussed on weed control within bushland areas between Broken Head Road and the north-eastern boundary of the WQS. Follow-up has also been undertaken within the Slash pine control area. Primary control activities including the injecting of Camphor laurels, Umbrella trees, Slash pine and Coral trees has been a focus of the last 6 months. Follow-up spot spray has been undertaken through all worked areas, specifically targeting Fishbone fern infestations. As mentioned in the daily record sheet from December, follow-up is required throughout rehabilitation areas in the EQS and this is to be the focus of upcoming activities. It is recommended that weed control works be undertaken in RE2 as a priority. Morning glory is prevalent through some sections of this rehabilitation zone and should be controlled to prevent smothering of developing trees. Additionally, some spot spraying of exotic grasses around plantings undertaken in RE3e should also be undertaken in upcoming visits. It is recommended that the weed control program be continued, incorporating the recommendations of this monitoring report. Follow-up weed control work in targeted areas should be carried out as recommended in the daily record sheets.


7 CANE TOAD CONTROL

7.1 Introduction The sedimentation pond in the Eastern Quarry Sector has been identified in the past as a significant breeding area for Cane toads. Fauna surveys identified high numbers of Cane toads throughout the EQS, particularly in the vicinity of the pond. These Cane toads spread into neighbouring bushland areas and may outcompete and forage on native frogs as well as represent a threat to native fauna feeding on Cane toads.

7.2 Cane toad control strategy The Cane toad control strategy for the sedimentation pond involved the erection of a Cane toad control fence and the progressive planting out of the pond perimeter with native sedges and rushes to reduce the habitat value for Cane toads and improve habitat values for native frogs.

7.3 Cane toad control fence The Cane toad fence as well as the development of dense fringing vegetation around the sedimentation pond has significantly reduced the population of Cane toads which was prevalent in this area. However, a number of sections of the fence require maintenance to ensure the Cane toad population continues to be controlled. The eastern perimeter of the cane toad fence needs replacing where a section has been removed as a result of vandalism (PLATE 24). A number of small Cane toads were noted in this area during the site visit. The adjoining areas of fence also need maintenance where sediment buildup has occurred. Fringing vegetation along this eastern edge is also less developed than the northern and southern boundaries and therefore the presence of the cane toad fence in this section is important to control the cane toad population. Sedimentation buildup along section of the fence also continues to be a problem, reducing the height and integrity of the fence. It is recommended that in these sections additional stakes be installed to reduce the pressure of sediment on the fence and extra meshing be added to increase the height.

PLATE 24: Missing section of fence along the eastern edge where fringing vegetation is limited allowing access to the pond.


8 VEGETATION CLEARANCE

8.1 Introduction This section provides details on areas that have undergone vegetation clearing since the start of the monitoring period. No additional areas of vegetation have been cleared since the July 2012 monitoring event.

8.2 Area V1 The western section of the hillside within Area V1 was cleared in October 2007. A dense canopy up to 8m tall has developed in this area as a result of extensive natural regeneration. Narrow-leaved acacia is dominant and was flowering prolifically at the time of the site visit. Additional works were undertaken within the adjacent area which has resulted in the slope being regraded and this area is now mostly clear of vegetation. Some sections of the slope are dominated by herbaceous weeds mostly grasses which are assisting with slope stability and reducing erosion. Regenerating native species at the base of the slope continue to develop and a number of birds were observed amongst the dense foliage. Species present include Duboisia, eucalypts, Brushbox, Cheese tree and Narrow-leaf acacia. As recommended in the previous report Coral trees in this area have been controlled as part of weed control works.

PLATE 25: Section of V1 showing regraded slope and regeneration at base (December 2011).

PLATE 26: Section of V1 showing development of vegetation (January 2013).


9 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

9.1 Introduction This section outlines additional environmental management measures which have been undertaken at the quarry. Location of buffer plantings is shown in FIGURE 1.

9.2 Buffer Plantings at North Entrance EQS Plantings in this area show little growth or development, and have suffered from the recent dry weather with a number of more rainforest adaptive species looking yellow including Prickly alyxia, Native ginger and Callicoma. Natural germination of other native species is occurring.

9.3 Buffer Plantings at WQS A number of roadside plantings have been undertaken along Natural Lane and Broken Head Road up to the site office entrance to act as a buffer following road works in this area. While some plantings in this area are also suffering from the recent dry weather the majority are in good health. Recent weed control has reduced competition by exotic grasses and planted Hovea, Hop bush, Lilly pilly and Coast banksia are doing well and up to 1.5m tall. There is also significant natural regeneration of Bleeding heart. A small are of the exotic vine Glycine is present along the edge and is climbing some of the smaller plantings. This vine should be controlled as part of upcoming weed control activities.


10 SUMMARY OF REQUIRED ACTIONS This section provides a summary of priority actions identified as a result of this monitoring event:

1. Maintenance of Cane toad control fence A number of sections of the Cane toad control fence around the sedimentation pond require maintenance. The eastern boundary of the fence has been removed as a result of vandalism and needs replacing as soon as possible. Other areas of fence, particularly around the southern boundary, have been significantly reduced in height as a result of sediment buildup and require maintenance.

2. Replacement of fauna nestboxes A number of nestboxes have fallen and are in disrepair as a result of termite infestation. A total of eight boxes are to be replaced and should be of a similar type to those obtained from Wildlife Relocation and Management Services ie: modified hollow branch nestboxes. These style boxes are likely to be less susceptible to termite damage and weathering and have proved effective to date at the Quarry.

3. Undertake plantings The remaining plants at the onsite nursery should be planted onsite as discussed in Section 5.2. The planting methodology used for RE3e in June 2012 should be employed including the use of water crystals, phosphate-free fertiliser, tree-guards and mulch. It is recommended that planting be undertaken in March when temperatures are milder and preferably prior to forecast rain.

4. Ongoing weed control maintenance in RE2 Upcoming weed control activities should be prioritised so as to include control of the exotic vine Morning glory within RE2. This vine is climbing a number of developing trees in this area and is considered a priority for weed control activities.

5. Ongoing maintenance of plantings in RE3e Plantings undertaken in June 2012 should be maintained to increase the rate of survival. This includes watering and replacing mulch as required. Weed control activities should also include maintenance of this area and primarily spot spray exotic grasses around plantings so as to reduce competition and increase chances of survival. The remaining areas of exotic grass are to be left unsprayed so as to prevent erosion of the soil surface.


11 REFERENCES Blackwood Ecological Services (2007) Environmental Management Report. A Report to Broken Head Quarry Pty. Ltd. Byron Shire Council (Undated) Excluding Cane toads from water bodies. NSW Environmental Trust. Greenloaning Biostudies (1997) Species Impact Statement. Proposed Extensions to an Existing Sand/Gravel Extraction Site Suffolk Park A Report to Batson Sand & Gravel. Greenloaning Biostudies (1999) Flora and Fauna Management Plan. Eastern Quarry Sector. A Report to Batson Sand & Gravel. Greenloaning Biostudies (2000) Flora and Fauna Management Plan. Western Quarry Sector. A Report to Batson Sand & Gravel.


APPENDIX A SEED COLLECTION REGISTER

BROKEN HEAD QUARRY SEED COLLECTION NOTES

Species Date Location Notes Collector

Blackbutt 25/5/11 EQS & WQS MF & KS

Sweet Pittosporum 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Red bloodwood 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Brushbox 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Callicoma 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Coast Banksia 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Blackwood Wattle 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Brown kurrajong 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Prickly Alyxia 25/5/11 WQS MF & KS Gahnia aspera 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Gahnia clarkei 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Leptospermum polygalifolium 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Turpentine 25/5/11 EQS MF & KS Hopbush Nov 11 EQS RF

Blueberry ash Oct 11 EQS RF

Brown kurrajong Nov 11 EQS RF

Pointed-leaf hovea 6/12/11 EQS MF

Blueberry ash 15/6/12 EQS RF

Prickly alyxia 15/6/12 EQS RF

Blackbutt 4/7/12 EQS MF & KS

Brown kurrajong 4/7/12 WQS MF & KS

Coast Banksia 16/1/13 EQS MF & KS Cheese tree 16/1/13 WQS MF & KS

Gahnia sieberiana 16/1/13 EQS MF & KS

RF = Ross Faithfull MF = Mark Free KS = Kelly SImpson


APPENDIX B BUSH REGENERATION DAILY WORK RECORD SHEETS

Documents

Flora and Fauna Assessment...Flora and Fauna Management Plans were produced by Greenloaning Biostudies for the Eastern Quarry Sector (EQS) in October 1999 and for the Western Quarry