Floors & FlooringOf all the furnishings in a room, the floor

receives the most abuse.Numerous materials are used for flooring

(wood, carpet, ceramic tile, concrete, stone and brick).

Flooring sets the mood of the room.When selecting background for a room,

start with the floor and work up.

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When selecting the floor remember: appearance durability maintenance

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Floors are constantly subjected to:- dirt and spills- heavy traffic- the weight of furniture

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Floor Coverings

Floor coverings must be attractive, serviceable, durable and harmonize with the rest of the room.

Floor coverings are often the most expensive part of a redecoration project, but quality will pay off over time.

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Type of flooring chosen Type of flooring chosen depends on:depends on:

the purpose of the roomthe amount of traffic flowing through

ithow much maintenance the

flooring requiresand whether it coordinates with the

decorative scheme

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Materials for floors can be Materials for floors can be divided into two types:divided into two types:

Finish flooring.. is considered a permanent part of the floor.

Floor coverings that are non-permanent

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Types of Flooring

Wood is the most popular finish flooring, wood is attractive, comfortable and provides warmth to the room. Most can be applied over concrete or wood.

Styles:Strip flooringRandom PlankParquet

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Wood Flooring

In areas where people stand a lot (kitchens) consider a floating floor with a foam underlayment. It is more cushioned than a fastened or glued-down floor.

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This is a pad!

Wood FlooringWhen laying a floor orient the

boards to the longest wall. This creates a optical illusion, making the room appear larger than it really is.

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Hardwood (ex: oak and maple) is made either into planks that fit together with tongue- and-groove joints or strips that are fastened to the sub-flooring by nails and glue. The wood comes both pre-finished (factory-stained and sealed) and unfinished styles.

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Parquet (small pieces of wood arranged in different designs, such as herringbone and checkerboard). Parquet come in pre-finished squares and are easily installed.

Softwoods (ex: pine and alder) are much more susceptible to scratching, denting, and overall wear than hardwoods.

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Engineered WoodA stable stack of wood veneers glued

together like a plywood sandwich and made into strips that look like solid boards.

A thin layer of hardwood is glued on the top. The harder wood the top layer, the more resilient it is to dents and the longer it’ll keep its like-new looks.

Polyurethane protects the top veneer.12

Engineered wood flooring

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For added strength and stability, each underlying layer of wood grain runs at 90̊1 to its neighbors.

Currently, engineered wood flooring accounts for 30̊% of the wood flooring sold in America today.

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Slate, Stone, and Brickmay be used indoors or outdoorsis often used for patios, porches,

and entrance hallsis not comfortable to stand on for

long periods of time.

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Types of Flooring: StoneMarble- the colors depend on the

area of the world where it was quarried.

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Types of Flooring: Stone Terrazzo-broken pieces of stone are used to make

terrazzo. It is often used in Italian Renaissance style rooms

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Types of Flooring: StoneTravertine- is a porous limestone

that can be formed into tiles that can be used on floors and walls.

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Types of Flooring: Ceramic Ceramic TileTile

made of baked clayoriginated in Egypt about 4700 B.C. is often named after the city or areas from which they originate.

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Ceramic Tile

It is It is moisture resistantmoisture resistant, , durabledurable, , easy to clean, but it easy to clean, but it chips chips and and crackscracks easily. easily.

Tile is often used in baths and Tile is often used in baths and kitchens but can become slippery.kitchens but can become slippery.

Tiles come in Tiles come in various sizes.various sizes.The space between the tiles is filled The space between the tiles is filled

with cement like substance calledwith cement like substance called grout.grout.

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Ceramic MosaicCeramic MosaicIndividual tiles are mounted

together on a sheet to help keep them together and make installation easier.

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Mexican TileMexican Tilemade from clay taken directly

from the groundshaped by hand which results in

uneven thicknessdried in a sun and often have prints

of leaves, animal tracks.

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ConcreteConcrete Flooringeasy to clean and extremely

durableIt can be hard on people’s feet and

joints if stood or walked on for long periods of time.

It is often used in large stores, restaurants, garages and utility rooms.

It can be painted, stained or treated to be attractive.

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Other Types of FlooringQuarry tileVinylLinoleum

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Floor Coverings

Resilient flooring flooring with a semi-hard surface that

returns to it’s original shape after stress.it is warmer and quieter than finish

flooringit is not quite as durable as finish

flooringIt is sold in tiles, self-adhesive tiles and

sheet form25

Vinyl FlooringVinyl Flooring one of the best resilient coverings. resists many stains, including

grease and bleach durable and easy to clean comes in many patterns and

colors can have no-wax finish with built

in luster

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AsphaltAsphalt is the least expensive

resilient covering.It can be damaged by grease or

dented so it may not be good for kitchens,

but it is a good cover for concrete floors

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Rubber

resists denting and most stainsis quiet and easy to walk onoften used in hospital for “static electricity” reduction

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Cork flooringCork flooringis environmentally GREEN quiet and comfortablebut is easily damagednot stain- or grease- resistantbest used on area of light traffic

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Rugsare made in one piece and have

finished edgescome in different sizes, colors,

shapes and quality can be moved from room to room

or one home to anothercan be turned to distribute wear more evenly

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CarpetCarpet

CarpetingCarpeting can provide an unbroken area of color and texture and can make a room seem spacious.

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Carpet Characteristicsinsulates the floor against draftsmuffles noiseprovides a feeling of comfort and

luxuryis durablereduces falls due to slippingeasy to maintainSome carpet fibers are designed to

resist grease, stains and oil spills. 32

Carpet Padding

doubles the life of a carpet by acting as a shock absorber

adds to the comfort and quietprovides extra insulationprevents carpet from slidingshould be colorfast so color won’t bleed

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Carpet color and designis the most noticeable feature of

carpetingcan create different effects and

feelingscan be patterned with geometric or

floral designs repeated in curtains and walls

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Carpet color and designtweed & patterned carpets hide

footprints & dirtthe decorating scheme of a room is

often determined by the carpet color.

use of a single color throughout the home or business provides a unifying feeling

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Broadloom Carpet is manufactured in rolls up to 18 feet wide. Seams are taped or sewed together; the entire carpet is fastened to the floor.

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Carpet Tilesare single squares that are easy to

installTiles are convenient because if worn

or soiled, a single square or an area can be taken up for cleaning or replacement.

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Carpet is made from either:

Natural Fibers used to make carpeting come from plants or animals; usually cotton, linen or wool.

Manufactured synthetic fibers like nylon are used to make carpets. About 90̊% of all carpets and rugs are made of manufactured fibers.

Recycled carpet can be remade into new carpet.

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Carpet QualityThe quality of carpeting is determined

by fiber content, construction, depth of pile, and density of pile.

The GRIN Test helps determines quality.

Bend back the carpet sample. Notice the amount of space between the yarns and how the yarns are attached. The more yarn that is used in a carpet, the denser and more durable the pile will be.

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Grin Test for Carpet Quality

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Carpet Texture is created by a variety of fibers being looped, twisted, or cut to make different textures and to influence the quality of the carpet.

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Discussion Question

In the small space provided in your notes, list the floorings used in your current home. On the left side list the Finish floorings and the right side list the Floor Coverings.

Finish Coverings

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