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Floor heating technology
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Ordre of EngineersTripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly02-11-2007
WWW.ZMERLY.COM
UNDER FLOOR HEATINGTECHNOLOGY
ZMERLY & CO SARL.2Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
WHAT IS “FLOOR HEATING”
TO USE THE FLOOR AS A HEAT EMISSION SURFACE
ZMERLY & CO SARL.3Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Heating systems inspired by this idea werebuilt by the Chinese, Egyptians and Romans.
2000 years ago
ZMERLY & CO SARL.4Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
At the start of this century floor heating appears inits present form.Hot water cycles inside a tube burred under ground.
In London in 1909, one of the Royalpalaces was heated with this new system.
1900
ZMERLY & CO SARL.5Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1945 TO 1950In Europe, from 1945 to 1950, over 100,000 homes were heated by this technique.
Very soon, however, it was noted that the equipment wascausing numerous physiological problems due to thefollowing facts:
Metallic pipes instead of plastic(long distance between pipes)
The boiler temperaturewas 70ºC to 80ºC. Thereason why the floortemperature was 34ºC to40ºC. Which caused alsosome health problems.
40ºC
No use of cement slab, High thermalinertia.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.6Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
THE NEW SYSTEMS
FROM 1970s3 New values were added:
Low surface temperature (28 - 29ºC).
Low thermal inertia of the floor slab.
29ºC
• More insulation, Low heat losses.
• Use of Floating floors.
Uniform heat distribution. • Plastic pipes, small pitches.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.7Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
ADVANTAGES
Uniform heat distribution.
Healthy conditions. Absence of air draughts.
Safety.
Space saving.
Low noise
Temperature reduction from feet to head.
Lack of dryness due to low temperatures.
Friendly to the environment.
Efficient. Low operating cost.
Reduction of roof thermal loses.
Short-term depreciation.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.8Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HEATING OUTPUT RELATED TOLIMITED AREA.
RELATIVLY HIGH THERMALINERTIA.
INCONVIENIENTS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.9Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HEAT AND COMFORT
Hottest part of the room is at ceilinglevel.Room temperature setting at 21ºC.Cold feet due to cooler convective aircurrent.
RADIATOR HEATING FLOOR HEATING
Coolest part of the room is at ceiling level.Room temperature setting below 21ºC (19).No draught.No cold feet.Less dust which can settle on walls, furnitureand curtains.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.10Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
16 20 24ºC
170cm
270cm
10cm
HEAT REPARTITION
16 20 24
Floor heatingradiant panel
Ceilingheating
Radiators(external walls)
Radiators(internal walls)
Warm air
Warm air
Floor heating
Ceiling heating
Radiators ext.
Radiators int.
Thermal comfortIdeal curve
ZMERLY & CO SARL.11Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
APPLICATIONS
RESIDENTIAL. OFFICES.
INDUSTRIAL.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.12Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
PANEL CONTAINEMENT STRUCTURES
ZMERLY & CO SARL.13Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LAYOUT
Loops
Distributionmanifold
ZMERLY & CO SARL.14Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LAYOUT
ZMERLY & CO SARL.15Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
variation
SINGLE SERPENTINE
ZMERLY & CO SARL.16Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
Floor temperatureVariation
PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN – COUNTERFLOW TYPE
ZMERLY & CO SARL.17Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
Floor temperatureVariation
PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN – SPIRAL TYPE
ZMERLY & CO SARL.18Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.19Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
MATERIALS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.20Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
PIPES
PEX with oxygen barrier
PEX – ALU - PEX
PIPE REEL
ZMERLY & CO SARL.21Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
MANIFOLDS
For correct operation and maintenance of thesystem, manifolds must have:•Main on/off valves,•Panel on/off valves,•Micrometric panel regulating valves,•Automatic air vents,•Drain cocks.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.22Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
MANIFOLDS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.23Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
PERIFERAL INSULATION STRIP
ZMERLY & CO SARL.24Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
INSULATION BOARD
ZMERLY & CO SARL.25Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
INSULATION BOARD
ZMERLY & CO SARL.26Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
INSULATION BOARD
ZMERLY & CO SARL.27Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
EXPASION JOINTS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.28Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
NETWORK TESTING
•For 30 min at 150% of working pressure•For 90 min at double working pressure•Installation test•Same pressure during the pouring of thermalconcrete
ZMERLY & CO SARL.29Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
CONCRETE COMPOSITION
• 0,8m³ river sand
• 0,4m³ gravel, 4 - 6mm grain size
• 350 kg cement
• 2,5 kg plasticizer
• 250 kg water
• 900 gr/m³ polypropylene fibers
1m³of concrete contain
ZMERLY & CO SARL.30Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
CALCULATION PARAMETERS
Ambient air temperature
Outer diameter of pipe
Internal diameter of pipe
Thermal conductivity of pipe
Flow temperature of waterCenter to center distance
Thermal resistance of the floor
Thermal conductivity of slab
Thickness of slab above pipe
Panel surface
Thermal resistance below panel
Underneath room temperature
ZMERLY & CO SARL.31Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
REQUIRMENTS
CENTER TO CENTER DISTANCEThe most frequently used grids are as follows:• 7,5 15,0 22,5 30,0 37,5• 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 30,0
MAXIMUM DESIGN WATERTEMPERATURE
• 45 a 55°C with traditional boilers;• 40 a 45°C with district heating, condensingboilers, heat pumps;• 32 a 38°C with solar panels.
HEAT OUTPUT REQUIREDTwo aspects in consideration :• the lack of heat loss through the floors,• the heat contribution of any panels located onthe floor above.
SURFACE TEMPERATURE OFTHE FLOOR
To avoid uncomfortable physiological conditions, thesurface temperature of the floor should be less than:• 29°C in continuously occupied environments,• 33°C in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools,• 35°C in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.32Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
REQUIRMENTS
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE OFHEATING FLUID
It is advisable not to be too high in order:• not to over-reduce the average temperature of thefluid, and thus the heat output of the panel;• to avoid surface temperatures which differ too muchfrom each other,• Usually it is used below 8 ÷ 10°C
PANEL FLOWConsidering that the maximum flow of a panel is onaverage between:•200 ÷ 220 l/h, for pipes with Di = 16 mm•120 ÷ 130 l/h, for pipes with Di = 13 mm
HEAD REQUIRED It is advisable that the difference between the presethead and that should be at least 200 ÷ 300 mm w.g.
LENGTH OF THE PANEL In domestic applications, it is advisable not to gobeyond the commercial lengths of pipe rolls (120 ÷150 metres)
ZMERLY & CO SARL.33Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HEAT OUTPUT
tp = surface temperature of floor, °Cta = ambient temperature, °Cq = specific heat output (upwards) of panel, W/m2
In particular (at ambient temperature = 20°C), the maximum specific output which can betransferred by a panel is:• qmax = 8,92 . ( 29 – 20 ) 1,1 = 100 W/m2 in continuously inhabited environments.• qmax = 8,92 . ( 33 – 20 ) 1,1 = 150 W/m2 in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools.• qmax = 8,92 . ( 35 – 20 ) 1,1 = 175 W/m2 in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.34Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
CONTROL SYSTEM
ZMERLY & CO SARL.35Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
CONTROL SYSTEM
ZMERLY & CO SARL.36Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
BOILER ROOM
Mixing Valve
ZMERLY & CO SARL.37Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
HEAT ACTIVATED BUILDING MASS
ZMERLY & CO SARL.38Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
WALL HEATING
Radiant wall heating is one of the most comfortable form of heating available.Water circulating at 30-40ºC in pipes built into the wall provides gentle buthighly efficient radiant heat.
ZMERLY & CO SARL.39Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
CEILING HEATING
ZMERLY & CO SARL.40Order of Engineers – Tripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly - 2007Under Floor Heating Technology
ELECTRICAL FLOOR HEATING