Flooding and Infectious Diseases

Yoshio Iijima Ph.D.

Director GeneralKobe Institute of Health

Novak Djokovic Ana Ivanovic Monica Seles

Flooding and Health Risks

Infectious DiseasesWater-borne DiseasesVector-borne DiseasesWounds Infections

Chemical HazardsInjuries

DrowningAnimal and Insect BitesElectrical HazardsWounds

Infectious diseases

Water-borne diseases, such as

typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis, and

hepatitis A

Vector-borne diseases, such as

malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and

West Nile fever

Typhoid feverCausative agent:

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

The incubation period: 1-2 weeks

Symptoms:Poor appetiteHeadachesFever as high as 40 ℃Abdominal painDiarrheaLethargy

Typhoid

Typhoid feverCausative agent:

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

The incubation period: 1-2 weeks

Symptoms:Poor appetiteHeadachesFever as high as 40 ℃Abdominal painDiarrheaLethargy

CholeraCausative agent:

Vibrio cholerae

The incubation period: 1 day, sometimes up to 3 days

Symptoms:Watery diarrheaVomitingDehydrationLow blood pressure

Cholera

Stool specimens of cholera patients

A victim by cholera

Cholera pods

LeptospirosisCausative agent:

Genus Leptospira

The incubation period: 3 days - 14 days

Symptoms:high feversevere headachechills muscle aches vomitingred eyes, etc.

Leptospirosis

LeptospirosisCausative agent:

Genus Leptospira

The incubation period: 3 days - 14 days

Symptoms:high feversevere headachechills muscle aches vomitingred eyes, etc.

Infection routes of Leptospira

Hepatitis ACausative agent:

Hepatitis A virus

The incubation period: 2 weeks - 4 weeks

Symptoms:FatigueFeverNausea Appetite lossYellowing of skinDiarrhea

Hepatitis A

What is the most dangerous animal on the earth?

Mosquitos transmits parasitic disease such as malaria and

Lymphatic filariasis and viral diseases such as dengue fever,

yellow fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile fever.

Mosquito-borne diseases

Malaria

Lymphatic filariasis

Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever Dengue fever

Dengue fever

Yellow fever

Chikungunya

Rift Valley fever

West Nile fever

The reservoir of West Nile virus includes

wild birds and mosquitos.

Vectors transmitting infectious diseases

Mosquitoes

Sandflies

Tsetse flies

Black flies

Aquatic snails

Ticks

Triatomine bugs

Fleas