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PARAMETRIC MODELLING
Cobalt Engineering
CHRIS FLOOD, BSc EngCobalt Engineering
Twitter hashtag: #ps10
ABOUT COBALT• Fully integrated mechanical and electrical engineering
consulting services
• Passion for innovative design
• Sustainable focus
WHAT IS ENERGY MODELLING?
• Integrated design
• Advanced energy and thermal comfort
• Advanced HVAC
• LEED Optimize Energy Performance • LEED Optimize Energy Performance
• LEED Daylighting & Views
• Life Cycle Cost
• Passive Design
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• Long-term responsibility
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN• High-performance building audits
• Integrated design facilitation
• Low-energy envelope design and analysis
• Renewable energy system design
WHAT SOFTWARE DO WE USE?• IES Virtual Environment
• eQuest
• CanQuest (coming soon)
• Energy Pro
• EE4• EE4
• TAS
• Phoenics
• Star CCM+
• RHINO
TYPES OF MODELS• Annual energy simulation
• Peak load (system sizing)
• Used for:
– Building element comparison
– Mechanical system selection– Mechanical system selection
– Programs such as LEED, funding incentives
– Thermal mass storage
– Comfort comparison
PASSIVE DESIGN• Façade design
• Glazing
• Thermal mass
• Daylighting
• Natural ventilation
• Passive heating
• Passive cooling
• Passive
ventilation
• Natural ventilation
INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS
Goal: Occupant & User Needs
– Mechanical System & Plant
– Passive Design Elements
– Microclimate Analysis
WHAT IS PARAMETRIC MODELLING?Run Description
Heating
kBtu / yr
Heating
kBtu / ft2 yr
Cooling
kBtu / yr
Cooling
kBtu / ft2 yr
Lighting
kBtu / yr
Lighting
kBtu / ft2 yr
Total kBtu /
yr
Total kBtu /
ft2 yr
Baseline Baseline 0 Baseline 156,621 25.78 17,609 2.90 33,168 5.46 207,398 34.14
Orientation41 Degrees Clockwise E4-1A 179,761 29.59 17,961 2.96 33,070 5.44 230,792 37.99
58 Degrees Clockwise E4-1B 161,237 26.54 18,014 2.97 33,144 5.46 212,396 34.96
Double EnvelopeDouble Envelope E5-1 252,410 41.55 81,909 13.48 19,160 3.15 353,480 58.19
Double Envelope With Controls E5-1A 232,632 38.29 18,590 3.06 19,160 3.15 270,383 44.51
Fenestration Area
Glazing Area 0% E6-1 126,836 20.88 1,549 0.25 41,130 6.77 169,515 27.90
Glazing Area 10% E6-1A 138,629 22.82 5,899 0.97 40,851 6.72 185,380 30.52
Glazing Area 20% E6-1B 147,823 24.33 12,101 1.99 40,276 6.63 200,200 32.95
Glazing Area 40% E6-1C 177,160 29.16 24,009 3.95 24,684 4.06 225,853 37.18
Glazing Area 50% E6-1D 191,495 31.52 32,496 5.35 20,712 3.41 244,704 40.28
Glazing Area 75% E6-1E 226,770 37.33 56,942 9.37 15,476 2.55 299,188 49.25
Glazing Area 100% E6-1F 260,609 42.90 83,970 13.82 15,456 2.54 360,035 59.27
Glazing Area 10% Centered E6-2A 138,977 22.88 4,870 0.80 35,598 5.86 179,445 29.54
Glazing Area 20% Centered E6-2B 151,664 24.97 9,367 1.54 29,515 4.86 190,546 31.37
Glazing Area 40% Centered E6-2C 165,084 27.17 15,620 2.57 24,657 4.06 205,361 33.80
Glazing Area 50% Centered E6-2D 178,356 29.36 23,469 3.86 21,707 3.57 223,532 36.80
Glazing Area 75% Centered E6-2E 191,891 31.59 32,382 5.33 19,541 3.22 243,813 40.13
U-Factor 0.30 E7-1A 144,038 23.71 19,650 3.23 33,167 5.46 196,855 32.40
Fenestration U-Value, SHGC & VT
U-Factor 0.30 E7-1A 144,038 23.71 19,650 3.23 33,167 5.46 196,855 32.40
U-Factor 0.25 E7-1A1 133,316 21.94 21,141 3.48 33,167 5.46 187,624 30.88
U-Factor 0.20 E7-1B 123,229 20.28 22,738 3.74 33,168 5.46 179,135 29.49
U-Factor 0.15 E7-1B1 112,130 18.46 24,752 4.07 33,167 5.46 170,050 27.99
U-Factor 0.10 E7-1C 101,876 16.77 26,897 4.43 33,168 5.46 161,941 26.66
SHGC 0.84 E7-4 122,230 20.12 74,492 12.26 33,168 5.46 229,890 37.84
SHGC 0.45 E7-4A 150,616 24.79 27,228 4.48 33,168 5.46 211,012 34.73
SHGC 0.40 E7-4A1 156,375 25.74 21,642 3.56 33,168 5.46 211,185 34.76
SHGC 0.30 E7-4B 167,382 27.55 13,410 2.21 33,168 5.46 213,960 35.22
SHGC 0.25 E7-4C 173,690 28.59 10,023 1.65 33,168 5.46 216,881 35.70
VT 0.61 E7-7A 162,695 26.78 16,822 2.77 30,535 5.03 210,053 34.58
VT 0.70 E7-7B 163,878 26.98 16,282 2.68 28,455 4.68 208,615 34.34
Solar Shading
Projection Factor 0.50 E8-1A 169,835 27.96 9,867 1.62 38,360 6.31 218,062 35.90
Projection Factor 1.00 E8-1B 176,562 29.06 6,912 1.14 39,783 6.55 223,257 36.75
Projection Factor 0.50 Slatted Horizontal E8-1C 168,426 27.72 11,101 1.83 38,340 6.31 217,867 35.86
Projection Factor 1.00 Slatted Horizontal E8-1D 175,458 28.88 7,954 1.31 40,005 6.59 223,417 36.78
Projection Factor 0.50 Slatted Vertical E8-1E 167,438 27.56 13,703 2.26 35,321 5.81 216,462 35.63
Projection Factor 1.00 Slatted Vertical E8-1F 171,991 28.31 11,456 1.89 36,698 6.04 220,145 36.24
Thermal Mass Constructions Heavyweight Inside E9-1A 154,636 25.45 9,528 1.57 33,168 5.46 197,331 32.48
Thermal InsulationU-Factor 0.043 E10-1A 155,176 25.54 18,293 3.01 33,168 5.46 206,637 34.01
U-Factor 0.036 E10-1B 151,640 24.96 18,669 3.07 33,168 5.46 203,477 33.49
Infiltration & Air Leakage
Infiltration 1.81 E11-1A 194,244 31.97 15,381 2.53 33,168 5.46 242,794 39.97
Infiltration 0.42 E11-1B 71,078 11.70 31,320 5.16 33,168 5.46 135,566 22.32
Infiltration 0.26 E11-1C 59,151 9.74 35,038 5.77 33,168 5.46 127,357 20.96
Infiltration 0.16 E11-1D 51,121 8.42 38,535 6.34 33,168 5.46 122,824 20.22
Infiltration 0 E11-1E 40,917 6.74 42,947 7.07 33,167 5.46 117,031 19.26
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
Passive Design Elements Total kBtu / ft2.yr
Lighting
WHAT IS PARAMETRIC MODELLING?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
0 B
aselin
e
E4-1
A
E4-1
B
E5-1
E5-1
A
E6-1
E6-1
A
E6-1
B
E6-1
C
E6-1
D
E6-1
E
E6-1
F
E6-2
A
E6-2
B
E6-2
C
E6-2
D
E6-2
E
E7-1
A
E7-1
A1
E7-1
B
E7-1
B1
E7-1
C
E7-4
E7-4
A
E7-4
A1
E7-4
B
E7-4
C
E7-7
A
E7-7
B
E8-1
A
E8-1
B
E8-1
C
E8-1
D
E8-1
E
E8-1
F
E9-1
A
E10-1
A
E10-1
B
E11-1
A
E11-1
B
E11-1
C
E11-1
D
E11-1
E
Cooling
Heating
RESULTS60
50
40
30
20
10Load (
kW
)
10
20
30
40
50
60
Gain
(kW
)
30
25
20
15
10
5
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
Volu
me flo
w (l/s
)
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
10
0
-10
-20
-30
Load (
kW
)
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Gain
(kW
)5
0
-5
-10
-15
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
400
300
200
100
0
Volu
me flo
w (l/s
)
Date: Wed 14/Apr
Cooling plant sensible load: L3: OPEN PLAN OFFICE: B308 SE (proposed.aps)
Aux vent gain: L3: OPEN PLAN OFFICE: B308 SE (proposed.aps)
Dry-bulb temperature: (GrazIWEC.fwt)
Auxiliary vent: L3: OPEN PLAN OFFICE: B308 SE (proposed.aps)