Flood Mitigation and Management in Thailand

Flood Mitigation and Management in Thailand

TopicsTopics

Nature and Extent of FloodingNature and Extent of Flooding Data Collection and ForecastingData Collection and Forecasting Flood Forecasting and WarningFlood Forecasting and Warning Communication of Flood-Communication of Flood-

Warning InformationWarning Information Other Relevant InformationOther Relevant Information

Nature and Extent of Nature and Extent of FloodingFlooding

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มิหาสาร้คามิ

Flood Risk Area

Flood from the Central Flood from the Central Mekong Basin of Thailand Mekong Basin of Thailand (Northeast)(Northeast)

The Khong Basin (50,000 sq.km.)The Khong Basin (50,000 sq.km.)– Large flood is not existing in the tributaries due to their small Large flood is not existing in the tributaries due to their small

basin area.basin area.– The flood season from August to September caused by The flood season from August to September caused by

invasion of high backwater of the Mekong river.invasion of high backwater of the Mekong river.– A long distance flood protection dike of about 800 km. from A long distance flood protection dike of about 800 km. from

the Chaing Khan to the Mun river mouth has been the Chaing Khan to the Mun river mouth has been constructed along the Mekong river.constructed along the Mekong river.

The Chi and Mun Basin (119,000 sq.km.)The Chi and Mun Basin (119,000 sq.km.)– Large flood is frequently occurred in the basin due to the Large flood is frequently occurred in the basin due to the

heavy rainfall. heavy rainfall. – The flood season from September to October caused by poor The flood season from September to October caused by poor

drainage system in the basin.drainage system in the basin.– About 22 barrages are constructed crossing the Chi and Mun About 22 barrages are constructed crossing the Chi and Mun

rivers.rivers.– There are two large reservoirs in the basin, Ubol Ratana dam There are two large reservoirs in the basin, Ubol Ratana dam

and Lam Pao dam.and Lam Pao dam.

Satellite image in 2002 illustrates inundated area in the northeast of

Thailand

Data Collection and Data Collection and ForecastingForecasting

Available DataAvailable Data

Hydrological DataHydrological Data Meteorological DataMeteorological Data Dam Operation DataDam Operation Data Other DataOther Data

Most of the data are manually recorded and stored in digital form in the computer mainframe of agencies.

AgenciesAgencies

The Royal Irrigation Department The Royal Irrigation Department (RID)(RID)

The Meteorological Department The Meteorological Department (MD)(MD)

The Electricity Generating The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

The Department of Water The Department of Water Resources (DWR)Resources (DWR)

RIDRID

Statistical daily data of reservoirsStatistical daily data of reservoirs Statistical daily data of barragesStatistical daily data of barrages Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water

level datalevel data Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation dataForecasting of flooding condition has been carried out by considering the statistical relationship among data of gauging stations.

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Rainfall StationSYMBOLS

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILAND UNDER THE ROYAL IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

MDMD

Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic rainfall datarainfall data

Daily meteorological dataDaily meteorological data Rainfall data by radarRainfall data by radarForecasting of the rainfall and weather condition has been carried out by super computer.

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Climatological Station

N

EW

S

100 0 100 200

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILAND UNDER THE METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

EGATEGAT

Statistical daily data of reservoirsStatistical daily data of reservoirs Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water

level datalevel data Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic

rainfall datarainfall data Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation dataForecasting of runoff into reservoirs has been carried out by considering the statistical relationship among data of gauging stations.

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONS IN THAILANDUNDER THE ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTHORITY OF THAILAND

DWRDWR

Daily or hourly or automatic water Daily or hourly or automatic water level datalevel data

Daily or hourly or automatic Daily or hourly or automatic rainfall datarainfall data

Daily evaporation dataDaily evaporation data

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EW

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LOCATION OF HYDROLOGICAL STATIONSIN THAILAND UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

Flood Forecasting and Flood Forecasting and WarningWarning

Physical data

Land useSoilsTopography

Transient data from gages

RainfallStramflowEvaporationReservoir level

Other sources of data

Weather forecast

Data Communication / Telemetry System

RadioUHF/VHFSatellite

Data Management SystemReal-time data acquisitionData validationData processingDatabasesReal-time model updating

Modeling / Forecasting SystemRainfall-runoff modelRiver hydrodynamic modelReservoir operation model

River ForecastStreamflowWater levelWarning

Data Collection System

ProgramProgram DeveloperDeveloper PurposePurpose

MIKE-11, MIKE-11, FLOODWATCHFLOODWATCH

DHIDHI Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

ISIS, InfoWorks, ISIS, InfoWorks, FloodWorksFloodWorks

WallingfordWallingford Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

HEC-RAS, CWMSHEC-RAS, CWMS US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamic, Flood ForecastFlood Forecast

SMSSMS EMRLEMRL HydrodynamicHydrodynamic

HEC-HMSHEC-HMS US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Rainfall-RunoffRainfall-Runoff

IQQMIQQM Center of Natural Center of Natural ResourceResource

Water Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir OperationOperation

AVSWATAVSWAT Blackland Blackland ResearchResearch

Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff

ARSPARSP AcresAcres Water Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir Operation Operation

HEC-ResSimHEC-ResSim US Army CorpsUS Army Corps Water Balance, Water Balance, Reservoir Reservoir Operation Operation

NAMNAM DHIDHI Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff

TANKTANK JapanJapan Rainfall-Runoff Rainfall-Runoff

SoftwareSoftware

Schematic Layout of the Schematic Layout of the FFWSFFWS

FTU

CPU

I/O

Forecasting/Flood Management/Warning System

Forecasting Result

RainWater Level

Rainfall Forecasting

System

RadarSatellite

Rainfall Forecasting

(Aut

om

atic

)

(Automatic

)

Reporting to Flood Warning

Committee

Disaster Warning

Announcement

Level 1 AlertnessLevel 2 MigrationLevel 3 Urgent Migration

(Automatic)

Operator

Field Station

Rain

Water Level

Telemetering System Water

management/forecasting SystemFlood Warning

System

Water Basin Model

Water Operation Center

Telemetering Communication Network

5. Nakhon Ratcha Sri Ma Province

2. Saraburi Province3. Udonthani Province

7. Ratchaburi Province8. Songkhla Province

4. Khon Kaen Province

6. Prachinburi Province

Regional Data Center1. Lumpang

Province

2. Khong Basin3. Kok Basin4. Chi Basin

25.

Water Basin Data Center1. Salawin

Basin

Remote St.

Remote St.

Data CenterMeteorological Dept.

Data CenterRoyal Irrigation Dept.

Data CenterOther Agencies

Leas

ed L

ine

(Hou

rly D

ata)

Radio

(15-30 Min.

Data)

Radio(15-30 Min.

Data)Leased Line

(Hourly Data)

and Internet,

Intranet

Leased

Line(H

ourly

Data)

Leas

ed

Line

(Hou

rly

Data)

Leas

ed

Line

(Hou

rly

Data)

or In

tern

et,

Intran

et

or In

tern

et,

Intran

et

or Internet,

Intranet

X.194

X.181

X.44

X.90

X.173

X.112

X.113

Sadua Reservoir

Rumyaai Canal

Jumhuui Canal

Tum Canal

Wadd Canal

Wha Canal

Repeat Station

Master Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Remote Station

Project

Real- Time

Data by Telemet

ering System

Flood Forecast

ing by Math.Mo

del

Integrated Data

Base and

Math. Model,

Working as a

Network

Integrated Math.

Model and GIS

for Output

Presentation

Rainfall Forecasti

ng by Radar

Warning to the

Public via Communi

cation Media

Ubol Ratana Dam(1988)

Pak Mun Dam(1995)

Khao Lam Dam (1995)

Pasak Dam( ปี� 1999)

Banglang Dam(2002)

Thataphao Basin(2002)

U-Thaphao Basin(2004)

Chantaburi Basin(2004)

Chao Phraya Basin(2004)

Communication of Communication of Flood-Warning Flood-Warning

InformationInformation

CommunicationCommunication

RID has an existing VHF/HF single side RID has an existing VHF/HF single side band (HF-SSB) and two radio system that band (HF-SSB) and two radio system that is used within the districts.is used within the districts.

EGAT has installed its own microwave EGAT has installed its own microwave communication system from its network communication system from its network of hydropower stations to its central of hydropower stations to its central office.office.

Satellite system allowed to be used by the Satellite system allowed to be used by the government departments is “THAICOM” government departments is “THAICOM”

Flood-Warning Flood-Warning InformationInformation There are existing flood preparedness plans and There are existing flood preparedness plans and

mitigation measures in the basin.mitigation measures in the basin. RID or EGAT’s regional office send the flooding RID or EGAT’s regional office send the flooding

information to the provincial officer who has information to the provincial officer who has responsibility in performing flood preparedness responsibility in performing flood preparedness plan via telephone or radio.plan via telephone or radio.

The local emergency teams make preparations The local emergency teams make preparations to carry out works in areas of likely to be to carry out works in areas of likely to be inundated by flooding.inundated by flooding.

The organization of the teams and their duties The organization of the teams and their duties are clearly indicated. are clearly indicated.

Other Relevant Other Relevant InformationInformation

Network System

of

the Thailand Integrated Water Resources

Management

(TIWRM)