Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – …gdb.mef.gov.kh/fderp/contents/uploads/2013/07/SPP-04-O...Egis Eau SUB -PROJECT PROFILE O THNOT Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction

Ministry of Water Resourcesand Meteorology (MOWRAM)

Asian Development Bank Cambodia

Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project– Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlADB Loan Number : 2852-CAM(SF)

AusAID Grant Number: 0285-CAM(EF)

SUB-PROJECT PROFILE

O THNOT

Version 1

OCTOBER 2012

30 October 2012

In association with

KEY CONSULTANTS (CAMBODIA)

Egis Eau Document quality information

Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 3Version 1

Document quality information

General information

Author(s) FDERP-MOWRAM TA; EGIS EAU / KCC

Project name Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigationand Flood Control

Document name O THNOT SUB-PROJECT PROFILE

Date 30 October 2012

Reference FDERP-SPP-04-1012

Addressee(s)

Sent to:

Name Organisation Sent on (date):

H.E. Ponh Sachak PIU 30 October 2012

Copy to:

Name Organisation Sent on (date):

PCMU

ADB

History of modifications

Version Date Written by Approved & signed by:

Mark Schiele, Team Leader

Egis Eau Contents


Contents

Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 9

1. Background .......................................................................................... 92. Flood Damage....................................................................................... 9

Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................. 10

1. Description and history ......................................................................102. Location ...............................................................................................103. Existing Situation ................................................................................13

3.1. Description of the facilities ........................................................................... 13

3.2. State of repair............................................................................................... 13

3.3. Socio-economic and Agriculture .................................................................. 133.3.1. Area............................................................................................................... 13

3.3.2. Population and Beneficiaries ......................................................................... 13

3.3.3. Cropping Patterns ......................................................................................... 15

3.4. FWUC .......................................................................................................... 15

3.5. O&M ............................................................................................................. 16

3.6. Hydrology ..................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS................................................................ 17

1. Design Approach.................................................................................172. Repairs.................................................................................................173. Cost estimate.......................................................................................174. Photos..................................................................................................17

Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING ................................................. 19

1. Resettlement........................................................................................191.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list........................................... 19

2. Environment ........................................................................................192.1. Environmental Assessment and categorization........................................... 20

Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS....................................................................... 21

1. Screening.............................................................................................212. Proposed interventions ......................................................................21

Egis Eau List of Tables


List of Tables

Table 1 Population and beneficiary data and rice areas ................................................14

Egis Eau List of figures


List of figures

Figure 1 Location Map for O Thnot Sub-project ...............................................................11

Figure 2 Satellite Image....................................................................................................12

Egis Eau List of appendices


List of appendices

Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list .......................................................22

Appendix 2 Screening of potential environmental impacts ...................................................23

Appendix 3 Longitudinal profile and cross-section of dyke (O Thnot)...................................27

Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)...........................................................28

Appendix 5 Hydrology for O Thnot ........................................................................................33

Egis Eau Acronyms and Abbreviations


Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

AusAID Australian Agency for International Development

CARM Cambodian Resident Mission (of ADB)

EA Executing Agency

FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project

FWUC Farmer Water User Community

IA Implementing Agency

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PAM Project Administration Manual

PCMU Project Coordination and Monitoring Unit (MEF)

PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PP Procurement Plan

PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance

RGC Royal Government of Cambodia

ROW Right-of-way

RRP Report and Recommendation of the President (to the board of directors)

SAH Severely Affected Households

SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

TA Technical Assistance

TOR Terms of Reference

Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE-O THNOT

Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl

Page 9Version 1

Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION

1. Background

Following the 2011 floods in Cambodia that caused widespread damage to infrastructure, the

Government of Australia and ADB has approved funding under the Flood Damage Emergency

Reconstruction Project (FDERP) to assist the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) with

implementation of repairs. The Project includes restoration irrigation scheme facilities to be

implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM).

During the ADB fact finding mission in January and February 2012, interventions were identified

within a framework for structuring project activities and divided into 3 Stages.

Stage 3 interventions were to follow the Stage 2 fast-track repairs necessary to repair damaged

facilities within the following two dry seasons.

The project documents identify Stage 3 sub-projects/contract packages in the Procurement Plan

(PP). However the PP was a hastily prepared list of unscreened sub-projects requiring

interventions with guess estimates of cost (with total cost well above actual funding availability)1.

Thus, a project requirement is for the Stage 3 sub-projects to be confirmed prior to commencing

detailed design.

Thus the PIU is to select the sub-project based on the selection criteria and prior to

commencing detail design, to submit details of the proposed sub-project together with the sub-

projects safeguard classification, to the PCMU for endorsement and to the ADB for no objection.

This sub-project profile report concerns the Stage 3 intervention for O Thnot sub-project located

in Sandan district in Kampong Thom province, which will consist of the emergency

reconstruction of the flood protection embankment and road, and repair to the control gates.

The profile includes a brief description and sub-project screening concluding with justification for

inclusion in FDERP.

The O Thnot sub-project emergency reconstruction work is included in the PP as a component

of Contract No. MOWRAM-CW13, with an estimated final contract value of US$0.32 million

including four other sub-project works.

2. Flood Damage

The embankment that forms the O Thnot reservoir was partly damaged by erosion action during

the extreme flood events of the last two years (2010 and 2011) but was not overtopped.

Presently, the dike is not passable due to scouring at the crest and erosion at the side slopes

due to surface runoff. The dike has not been overtopped by flood water. During the 2011 flood,

the water level was 30 cm below the top slab of the regulator.

1The PP was recently revised and included in the Inception Mission MOU of 16-31 July 2012



Page 10Version 1

Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECTDESCRIPTION

1. Description and history

The subproject is a minor reservoir and flood protection scheme which consists of a dike about

1.7 km long located at the right side facing the reservoir which traverses to the east and north

directions. The flow from the O Thnot reservoir is controlled by a regulator with four (4) bays; 2

outer bays with stop logs and 2 inner bays with steel gates. The subproject was re-built in 2004

by the Eastern Rural Irrigation Development Project (ERIDP). The dike was damaged by

seasonal floods and was repaired in 2006 by the commune. The actual reservoir is a natural

pond named Boeung Brang, which in turn collects overflow spill or releases from the O Touk

reservoir upstream. The O Touk system was originally included in the PP for FDERP but has

been deselected for inclusion for implementation since it is now under rehabilitation through

WRMSDP. It was also studied during that project’s PPTA which indicated that O Touk could

also irrigate the O Thnot irrigation area of 358 ha through its main canal that runs down to O

Thnot and adjacent to the O Thnot dyke. The main purpose of the dyke is seen as a flood

protection embankment from the Stung Sen River which is very close, and to contain a reservoir

for recession rice growing within. The original structure dates back to the Sihanouk period when

it was built by villagers and has been rehabilitated as mentioned above.

2. Location

The subproject is located in the vicinity of Ou Thnaoth and Krabey Prey villages on the right

bank side and adjacent to the Stung Sen River in the district of Sandan in Ngon Commune,

Kampong Thom province. It is about 67 km north east from Stung Sen city passing through

national road No. 6-2. From the junction of the national road to the right, the project area can be

reached through an earth road of about 55 km or 2 hours travel by car from Stung Sen city. See

Figures 1 and 2 below.


Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and

Figure 1 Location Map for O Thnot Sub-project

O Touk Reservoir

Flood Control Page 11Version 1

O Thnot Dike

Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O THNOT


Figure 2 Satellite Image

Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT


Page 13Version 1

3. Existing Situation

3.1. Description of the facilities

Inside the reservoir area is an irrigation canal following the alignment of the dike. The source of

water is from the O’ Touk reservoir at Krang Deum village and it conveys water to the irrigable

area at both sides of the canal and further downstream crossing the dike through a pipe culvert

and terminating adjacent to Stung Sen River. This canal supplements the irrigation water

requirement of the irrigable area inside and outside of the reservoir area. The level of the canal

embankment at the right side facing downstream is lower than the crest elevation of the existing

dike and is inundated during flood.

3.2. State of repair

The regulator is still in good condition but the concrete columns supporting the hoist gates

platform are weakening at the base of the columns which are showing cracks. During gates

operation, the platform tends to vibrate or shake. The steel gates and other metal works like the

ladder and the railings need de-rusting, spot welding and repainting. The concrete footing of the

ladder is also damaged as well as the riprap at the top of the upstream and downstream wing

walls.

3.3. Socio-economic and Agriculture

3.3.1. Area

The area outside the reservoir is 380 ha under rice cultivation as mentioned above and does not

include 236 ha of rice growing area within the reservoir area (see table below).

3.3.2. Population and Beneficiaries

The beneficiaries from Ou Thnoth reservoir are composed of people from 11 villages and

number 717 households. Nine (9) villages are located in Ngon commune and 2 villages in Cheu

Teal commune.

Beneficiary information is provided in the Table 1 below that includes areas irrigated within and

outside the reservoir area and corresponding yields.



Page 14Version 1

Table 1 Population and beneficiary data and rice areas

Commune Village NameNumber of

households

PopulationBeneficiary

InsideReservoir

OutsideReservoir

Wet season Dry Season

Total Female Area Yield Area Yield

hh No No hh ha t/ha ha t/ha

Ngon Ngon 347 1634 859 70 60 1.5 40 2,0

Krang Doeum 79 384 205 15 8 1.5 2 n/a

Ou Thnaot 106 465 235 106 30 1.5 45 2.5

Treub 87 409 227 87 30 1.5 39 1.5

Sam Phi 107 672 344 107 39 2,0 30 1.5

Krabey Prey 124 552 277 124 40 2,0 50 3,0

Tang Krosao 159 698 369 112 12 2,0 13 2,0

Khmer 161 778 393 85 5 1.5 10 n/a

Rovieng 199 974 523 6 6

Subtotal 1369 6566 3432 712 230 229

Cheu Teal Kg.Ta Ben 3 3

Cheu Teal 2 3

Subtotal 5 6

TOTAL 717 236 229



Page 15Version 1

3.3.3. Cropping Patterns

At the present, rice crops are grown within and outside O Thnot reservoir. Rice varieties include

medium and floating rice, as well as early rice. Recessional rice is cultivated in the case where

the both medium and floating rice is damaged by floods, and grown when flood waters recede.

The kind of rice seed that they use such as IR 66, Sen Pidor and Kromom Chen, furthermore

these rice yield obtained 2.5t/ha.

Inside reservoir

The early wet season in reservoir farmers grew rice medium rice start from mid-May and

November just completed harvesting it, the kind of rice including Lak Leuk and Neang Keut

most of they planted it and rice yield they obtained 1.5t/ha. Moreover the floating rice the

farmers same date grow beginning of the medium rice too and harvested them December. The

kind of these rice as Krachok Chab, Kam Pol, Phka Doung, Bang Kork and Koh Ek. The most of

farmer sowed them and rice yield they received 2t/ha.

Outside reservoir

As for outside reservoir the farmers grew medium rice simultaneous inside reservoir. So the

kind of rice seed and yield same inside reservoir too.

Cropping Pattern of O Thnot Reservoir

Floating rice varieties inside Reservoir

WS

Medium rice varieties, In and Outside Reservoir

WS

Recessoning period

In &Outside Reservoir

Month Nov Dec Jan Feb MarApr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

3.4. FWUC

The Farmer Water User Group of O Thnot subproject was developed and established in 2005

and denominated that “O Thnot FWUG ”. The FWUG is comprised of beneficiaries from 2

communes including Ngon and Cheu Teal commune in Sandan district, Kampong Thom

province. After the FWUG Committee was elected, it was supported by Kampong Thom

PDWRAM that had recognized the FWUG committee of O Thnot, which consisted of 5 persons

including: a FWUG Chief, First vice chief, Second vice chief, treasurer and a member. O Thnot

FWUG is comprised of 1 group with 11 subgroups (WUGs), 10-20 families /subgroup.



Page 16Version 1

The internal rules and FWUG statute of O Thnot FWUG were developed, registered through

assistance by Kampong Thom PDOWRAM. The Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) was determined at

20,000 riels/ha but has never been collected.

3.5. O&M

The water source of O Thnot reservoir comes from Ou Tuok at Krang Deum village, and from

rainwater in wet season, when all gates of the regularor structure are closed all time in order to

store water in the reservoir to service paddy rice in and out reservoir. Since water flow

permanently from Ou Tuok to O Thnot, excess requirements overflow the two side crest of the

regulator structure to escape water downstream. In the case of extreme flood due to torrential

rain, all two gates in middle of structure are opened (see photo). In dry season the water in

reservoir is released for irrigating paddy fields of farmers outside the reservoir through gate

opening starting in November (the farmers make request to FWUG). The average water deep of

the reservoir in dry season approximated 1.2 m.

The Water distribution of O Thnot reservoir did not divide as blocks or turns that means the

farmer’s water need for paddy irrigating by pump to take water from the reservoir to respective

paddy via to favor each other. As for outside reservoir all of farmers have to arrange a group

representative to meet the FWUG Chief so as to request water for watering to FWUG Chief just

can open gate through asking.

So far, neither structures or dyke embankment of O Thnot reservoir have been maintained since

the FWUG Committee does not have the budget for maintenance as they have not yet collected

the ISF from both farmers in and out reservoir. However, the ISF was defined at an amount of

20,000 riel/ha when the FWUG was established. But they were took part in repairing it via some

organization and MoWRAM (see, 2.5 Repairing Work below). As the gate leaves of regulator

did not paint and rusted all of body gate leaf especially the gate frame at downstream (See

picture). Moreover the screw stem they did not use the grease but they took the black oil

instead of grease for greasing when opened or closed gate. And the rubber tight that stick of

gate upstream have been cut out by anonym to utilize for self-advantage.

3.6. Hydrology

The hydrology of the O Thnot area is covered by the brief report attached here as Appendix 5.

Of particular interest for the FDERP sub-project O Thnot is the stage hydrograph which shows

the high water level stages. The main problem for the designers is to correlate the hydrological

stage datum level with that used for the topographical surveys. Experience has shown that in

Cambodia the local people have very good reference marks for flood levels experienced during

extreme flood events. It should be noted that the dyke has not been overtopped since it was

rehabilitated in 2004.



Page 17Version 1

Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS

1. Design Approach

The project aims to consolidate the protection of the right embankment of the irrigation canal

which lies inside the reservoir area. The rural road shall be improved to connect to the district

existing road that shall be improved as an extension of the dike for access

Existing Regulator with minor repairs of steel gates, ladder an riprap

2. Repairs

The proposed scope of principle works identified for reconstruction includes the following:

a) Raising the crest elevation of the dike to level with the top slab of the regulator with length of

about 1700m.

b) Construct additional dike over existing road with length of about 1,170 m to provide access

to the residents at Krabei Prey village.

c) Bush and shrub clearance

d) Provision of laterite surfacing at dike crest

e) Grass sodding on both side slopes of the dike or as required

f) Construct six (6) additional columns beside the existing ones at the exterior and at the

middle portion.

g) Dry stone riprap for protection of the upstream and downstream wing-walls of the existing

regulator.

h) Repair of steel gates, ladder and railings including painting, lubrication, oiling, etc

3. Cost estimate

The initial cost estimate prepared at this pre-detailed design stage is based on the

topographical data and amounts to some US$ 0.25 million including contingencies, which is less

than the US$ 0.32 million of the PP that includes several other sub-projects in the package.

Thus the average repair cost of the emergency reconstruction works are reckoned to be less

than US$ 1000 per ha, if the gross agricultural area is taken.

4. Photos

The following photos show the existing conditions of the O Thnot dyke.



Page 18Version 1

Existing Regulator needs minor repairs Typical section of dyke requiring rehabilitation

Typical section of dyke requiring rehabilitation Existing road to be improved as extension of dyke

Irrigation canal inside reservoir - along dyke Gates open flood season



Page 19Version 1

Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING

1. Resettlement

There is no evidence of involuntary resettlement impact from the proposed emergency

reconstruction of the O Thnot facilities. The O Thnot sub-project works selected for emergency

reconstruction comprise emergency reconstruction of the dyke/road embankment and ancillary

structures. There is no land encroachment, affected structure or household as well as small

business to be found in the Right of Way (ROW) of O Thnot sub-project area. No land

acquisition is required for this sub-project intervention. In short, there is no involuntary

resettlement impact found at this pre-detailed design stage from the proposed repairs to the O

Thnot scheme.

1.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list

The resettlement impact check-list is included in Appendix 1 and confirms that there are no

involuntary resettlement impacts and that the project interventions are within the Category C for

resettlement as per the SPS.

The screening for resettlement categorization was conducted on the 30th

August 2012 by the

national Resettlement Specialist accompanied by other team members including design

engineers.

Initial screening for involuntary resettlement is to be revisited following detailed design.

2. Environment

The O Thnot sub-project is not situated in a protected area and there will be no change in

downstream impacts. Short term environmental impacts may occur during the construction

phase. Pre-flood O&M measures will be maintained or improved by the already established

PDWRAM and local authorities.

O Thnot sub-project was subjected to environmental screening process using ADB’s

Classification System. Based on SPS 2009, a project category is evaluated by the category of

its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced

impacts in the project’s area of influence. The subprojects are classified according to the

following Categories:

1 Category A. A proposed subproject is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant

adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These

impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

2 Category B. A proposed subproject is classified as category B if its potential adverse

environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts

are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures

can be designed more readily than for category A projects.

3 Category C. A proposed subproject is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or

no adverse environmental impacts.



Page 20Version 1

2.1. Environmental Assessment and categorization

During project preparation, the overall project was classified by ADB as Category B with impacts

that are expected to be site-specific (see appendix 7 of PAM).

Based on the rapid environmental assessment conducted, sensitive areas such as cultural

heritage site, protected area, wetland, mangrove, estuarine and buffer zone of protected area

are not adjacent or within the project area. During construction, impacts on surface water

quality, occupational health and safety, noise and vibration, hazardous driving conditions, poor

sanitation and solid waste disposal are expected, however, these are minimal and short term in

which mitigation measures can be readily formulated and be implemented (see appendix 2).

Hence, O Thnot subproject is classified as Category B as per the SPS. The requisite

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and is attached here as Appendix

4.

The general Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is included as part of the Special

Provisions of the Specification and Performance Requirement (Section V) in the NCB

documents for the FDEP-MOWRAM procurement contracts for civil works. The Contractor will

incorporate the EMP in his planning and will be required to prepare an EMP and report

periodically.



Page 21Version 1

Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS

1. Screening

The O Thnot sub-project emergency reconstruction works will not change pre flood hydrology

and the dyke and regulating gate is existing infrastructure. The sub-project conforms to the

FDERP general criteria for selection as provided in the ADB project documents2, principally it is

a flood control structure that has been damaged by the consecutive floods of recent years.

Average repair costs will amount to less than $1,000 per ha of gross area (agricultural lands)

protected after repairs and following project criteria3

may proceed without having to verify the

economic viability.

A sub-project review has confirmed that there are no involuntary resettlement impacts and

confirm that the project interventions are within the Category C for resettlement.

The O Thnot sub-project is not situated in a protected area and there will be no change in

downstream impacts. The proposed interventions will have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. Short term environmental impacts may occur during the construction

phase. Pre-flood O&M measures will be maintained by the existing FWUG.

2. Proposed interventions

The proposed interventions described above will be defined in detailed design and based on the

topographic survey recently carried out.

Typical cross-sections for the proposed embankment works are included here in Appendix 3.

2PAM Annex 1; ‘Selection Criteria for Sub-projects’, March 2012

3Threshold for average repair costs of US$1,000 per ha; PAM Annex 1 Selection Criteria for

sub-projects.

Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot


Page 22Version 1

Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list

Subproject: O Thnot

Involuntary Resettlement EffectsYes No Not

known

Remarks

Information on Project areas and Involuntary Acquisition of Land

1. Will there be land acquisition?

2. Is the site for land acquisition known? NA4The retention dike lies

within the existing ROW

of the dike which is the

property of RGC..

3. Is the ownership status and current usage of the landto be acquired known?

NA

4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right ofWay (ROW)?

5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due toland acquisition? NA

6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productiveassets due to land acquisition? NA

7. Will there be loss of crops, trees, and fixed assets dueto land acquisition? NA

8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due toland acquisition? NA

9. Will there be loss of income sources and means oflivelihoods due to land acquisition NA

Involuntary restriction on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

10. Will people loss access to natural resources,communal facilities and services?

11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impacton social and economic activities?

12. Will access to land and resources owned communallyor by the state be restricted?

Information on Displaced Persons:

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by theproject?If YES, approximately how many?

[NA] No Yes

Are any of them poor, Female-headed of household, or vulnerable to povertyrisks?

[NA] No Yes

Are there any displaced persons from endogenous or ethnic minority groups? [NA] No Yes

4NA: Not applicable



Page 23Version 1

Appendix 2 Screening of potential environmental impacts

O Thnot sub-project

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHINANY OF THE FOLLOWING

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

PROTECTED AREAX No cultural heritage sites are

adjacent to or within the

subprojects area

WETLANDX There are no environmentally

sensitive areas within the

subproject area. MANGROVE X

ESTUARINE X

BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA X

SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTINGBIODIVERSITY X

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result ofencroachment into forests/swamplands orhistorical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption ofhydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding,and drainage hazards)?

X No loss in ecological values as the

subproject is to repair the existing

dyke to the pre-flood conditions

within existing. The work scope

calls for additional drainage outlet

gate

conflicts in water supply rights and related socialconflicts? X Not a water use scheme but flood

protection. No social conflicts

expected.

impediments to movements of people and animals?X Minor impediment expected for

dyke/road rehabilitation. If

necessary temporary bypass will

be provided to local people and

animal passage during

construction and as specified in

contract documents

potential ecological problems due to increased soilerosion and siltation, leading to decreased streamcapacity?

X No change to system and scheme

facility does not impact any

streams. Repairs include grass

sodding bank protection to reduce

erosion risk on dyke. Good

construction practices to mitigate

soil erosion and silt runoff are

included in specification.



Page 24Version 1


Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?X No salinity issues are expected at

any sites

over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinizationand ground subsidence? X Not applicable

impairment of downstream water quality andtherefore, impairment of downstream beneficial usesof water?

X Scheme facilities do not impact

water use.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?X No IR impacts envisioned. The

works will be carried out only within

the existing embankments. Fill

materials will be taken from outside

the flood protected area or from

existing designated borrow

pits/quarries.

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women andchildren, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerablegroups?

X The subproject will not affect

indigenous people or other

vulnerable groups.

potential social conflicts arising from land tenure andland use issues? X The reconstruction works are to

restore the existing dyke to the pre-

flood conditions. Thus, there will be

no conflict on land use.

soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?X No canals_ not irrigation scheme

noise from construction equipment?X Some dust and noise is expected

during construction but impacts will

be temporary and short in duration.

In addition, construction activities

are far from residential area. Good

construction practices to mitigate

noise and dust are included in

specifications.

dust during construction?X

waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequatedrainage and farm management? X The agricultural lowland areas are

used for lowland flood spreading

irrigation for paddy rice. Drainage

outlets exist for draining protected

area on completion of growing

season.

leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soilcharacteristics due to excessive application ofirrigation water?

X Soils characteristics will not be

changed compared to pre-flood

irrigation practice conditions which

consists of paddy rice cultivation,

mostly in wet season.

reduction of downstream water supply during peakseasons? X No change or effect on water

supplies; no downstream water

users



Page 25Version 1


soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater,and public health risks due to excessive applicationof fertilizers and pesticides?

X No change compared to pre-flood

conditions.

soil erosion (furrow, surface)?X Bunded rice paddy flooding will be

practiced on land without slope in

lowland agricultural areas. No

change from pre-flood conditions.

scouring of canals?X Not applicable _ no canals

clogging of canals by sediments?X No canals and the repair works will

not affect the existing pre-flood

conditions of the agricultural areas.

Designs call for grass sodding of

dyke embankments.

clogging of canals by weeds?X No clogging of channels is

expected as the repair works will

not affect the existing pre-flood

conditions. The channels are dry in

dry season. Vegetation is fed to

animals. O&M procedures are

included in FWUC strengthening

plan.

seawater intrusion into downstream freshwatersystems? X Not applicable.

introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne orwater related diseases? X The reconstruction works are to

restore the existing embankment to

the pre-flood conditions.

dangers to a safe and healthy working environmentdue to physical, chemical and biological hazardsduring project construction and operation?

X Contractor is obliged to conform to

safety standards for protection of

public and workers through a

Health Safety Plan. No chemical,

biological and radiological hazards

are expected during construction

and operation. Only natural

materials such as soils or laterites

will be used. No chemicals will be

used.

large population influx during project construction andoperation that causes increased burden on socialinfrastructure and services (such as water supply andsanitation systems)?

X The number of non-local workers

will be small in number. If

necessary, construction

contractors will be required to

provide a worker’s camp with

independent basic facilities.

social conflicts if workers from other regions orcountries are hired? X Priority in labour employment will

be given to local residents and

non-local workers will be small in

number



Page 26Version 1


risks to community health and safety due to thetransport, storage, and use and/or disposal ofmaterials such as explosives, fuel and otherchemicals during construction and operation?

X No explosives and chemicals will

be used for the subprojects.

community safety risks due to both accidental andnatural hazards, especially where the structuralelements or components of the project (e.g.,irrigation dams) are accessible to members of theaffected community or where their failure could resultin injury to the community throughout projectconstruction, operation and decommissioning?

X Construction area will be clearly

demarcated and access controlled.

Only workers and project staff will

be allowed to enter the operational

sites. The emergency

reconstruction works are of small

scale

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions

The following questions are not for environmental

categorization. They are included in this checklist to

help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

Is the Project area subject to hazards such asearthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclonewinds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptionsand climate changes?

X Not Applicable

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, orextreme events patterns over the Project lifespanaffect technical or financial sustainability (e.g.,increased glacial melt affect delivery volumes ofirrigated water; sea level rise increases salinitygradient such that source water cannot be used forsome or all of the year)?

X Not Applicable

Are there any demographic or socio-economicaspects of the Project area that are alreadyvulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalizedpopulations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements,ethnic minorities, women or children)?

X Not Applicable

Could the Project potentially increase the climate ordisaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., bydiverting water in rivers that further increases salinityupstream, or encouraging settlement in earthquakezones)?

X Not Applicable



Appendix 3 Longitudinal profile and cross-section of dyke (O Thnot)



Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental

ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures

Institutional Responsibilities

Implement Monitor

1.Pre-Construction Detailed Engineering Design 1) Loss of trees (during site

clearing and quarrying of

construction materials)

On the design stage, ensure that there areacceptable alternative borrow pit areas thatwould have an overall beneficial advantage interms of improved livelihood and reducedenvironmental impact.

TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,

CSC (FWUC)

2) Damage to existing structures The design should maximize benefits or avoidimpacts on assets. Resettlement framework forthe Project and Cambodian laws, policies, andregulations should be complied with.


CSC (FWUC)

3) Risk of land mine or UXO Consultative meetings with local communitiesare necessary to know clearly where there arerisks of mines or UXO. Unsafe areas should becleared before project implementation.


CSC (FWUC)

2. Construction Earthworks, site clearing,

hauling of construction

materials, piling works,

Operation of construction/

workers’ camps, borrow

operation, hauling of

construction wastes to spoil

sites

4) Dust generation The Contractor will be required to formulate andimplement a Dust Abatement Program thatincludes spraying of water on embankment/dykeused as roads and work areas within villagesclose to the road.

Vehicles transporting materials should becovered with tarpaulin or similar material

Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,

CSC (FWUC)

5) Noise and vibration The Contractor should ensure that constructionactivities within 100m of a village or town shouldbe limited between 12 PM to 2 PM and at night


CSC (FWUC)






Implement Monitor

time.

Provide enclosures/barriers on major worksbeing undertaken on sensitive areas.

6) Water contamination Waste/used oil should be collected, properlystored and disposed to an approved site(according to national standard). Storage shouldbe in drums raised off the ground and properlycovered to keep rain water out. Lining or panshould be provided to contain any spills andsimplify clean up.

The Contractor shall prepare a SpillManagement Plan (including measures to betaken and equipment to be used) to ensureadequate cleanup of any spills.


CSC (FWUC)

7) Water-borne disease Fill-up depressed areas to prevent water pondingwhich may be used as breeding ground fordisease- carrying organisms mosquitoes

Borrow pits may be utilized for aquaculture or bedeveloped as water reservoir for community use.


CSC (FWUC)

8) Loss of agricultural land for

borrow pits

The contractor will use only licensed borrowoperators. There will be no side borrowpermitted, unless agreed to withembankment/dyke side residents.

The contractor will be responsible forrehabilitating any borrow sites opened and


CSC (FWUC)






Implement Monitor

operated by them.

9) Loss of trees Tree clearing should be avoided as much aspossible;

The borrow pits will need to be re-vegetatedbefore being handed back to the owner, or couldbe used for aquaculture.

Tree planting should be carried out in theappropriate location of the embankment/dyke.Coordinate with MoE regarding the species oftrees to be used.


CSC (FWUC)

10) Soil erosion The contractor will be required to implement soilerosion control to minimize soil erosion andsedimentation of waterways. The alternativeapproaches should be: (1) provide adequatecross drainage to avoid over flow or flooding and(2) re-vegetation of erosion-prone areas.


CSC (FWUC)

11) Generation of domestic wastes Sufficient garbage containers should be providedin construction camps and work sites

Employ regular disposal of waste in an approvedlandfill or site

Maintain cleanliness/orderliness at camps andwork sites

Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA






Implement Monitor

12) Safety and Health

The Contractor should formulate and implementa Health and Safety Plan to protect both thepublic and the workers. A trained first aidpersonnel and health facility should be providedon site.

Provide potable water and sanitary facilities toworkers

Install warning signs like “safety first” at theconstruction area including fences or enclosures

Provide Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) toworkers e.g. safety shoes, hardhats, earplugs,etc.

The Contractor should implement a Health andSafety Plan to protect both the public and theworkers during cutting branch of big trees.


12) Traffic congestion Contractor should perform the following: i) orienttheir drivers or equipment operators to complywith the required speed limit. (ii) drive at lowspeeds, especially in market, school, hospital,urban areas. (iii) keep the roadway or bypassaccessible to commuters to avoid traffic jams.(iv) park at designated area.

Provide appropriate storage area for theconstruction materials.

Detour road should be provided and accessibleto commuters

Contractor/in

coordination with the sub-

district officials

TA Consultant, IA/EA






Implement Monitor

Temporary access of equipment and trucks mustbe established and approved by the sub-districtofficials

13) Transmission of sexuallytransmitted disease (HIV)

Prepare and implement a Health and Safety Planincluding education of workers on sexuallytransmitted disease.


14) Generation of employment The contractor should comply with the Labor and

Gender Action Plan; employed people fromvillages including women and unskilled workers.

Contractor IA/EA , local authorities

3.Operation Phase

Use of hydraulic facilities,

15) Accident, social conflicts Provide warning signs on accident-prone points

such as spillways, especially near schools,hospitals and market areas.

Provide signs on the specialty structures to avoidparking. Prohibit setting up of food stalls etc.

Contractor, PDWRAM /

FWUC

MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,

local authorities, FWUC

16) Social conflicts, facility andwater use conflict

Prepare the FWUG and FWUC TA Consultant, IA/EA ,

FWUC, PDWRAM, Local

authority

MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,

local authorities, FWUC



Page 33Version 1

Appendix 5 Hydrology for O Thnot

A – Hydrological and flood hazard in sub-area

3. Hydrological and flood hazard in O Tnaot

3.1. Catchment Characteristics

O Tnaot area, see Figure 3.1, located in Kampong Thom province, along adjacent

floodplain of Stung Sen River. There are more than 38584 ha with O Tnaot catchment area

in which 425 ha are irrigation area for both dry and wet seasons inside and outside the

irrigation scheme (commanded area).

Figure 3.1 O Tnaot Layout Catchment area.

This area was flood plain dyke and had built in 2004 ERIDP Project. It function is to store

water during the wet season to irrigate dry season and wet season rice for both inside and

outside ring dyke.

There’s 65% of O Tnaot catchment area is low land with elevation mostly between 20 and

100 meters masl [mean absolute sea level] with highest 424 m mountainous area called

Phnom Dek. The area is characterized by large floodplain with gentile slopes along Stung Sen

River.

Rainfall

The rainy season started in Cambodia in mid-May and lasts until end of October. The mean annual

rainfall varies from 1100 mm to more than 4000 mm.

In the northern region, the mean annual rainfall varies from 1100 mm to 1800 mm.

In the northeastern region: 1000 mm to 2000 mm (Kampong Thom)

At Bokor near Kampot: 4650 mm

Figure 3.2 Annual Rainfalls at Kampong Thom.

Temperature

The variation of the mean annual temperature over Cambodia is very small.

The mean maximal temperature in April 35°C

The mean minimal temperature in December 20°C

Humidity

The mean annual humidity over Cambodia varies in a narrow range among 75% at Phnom

Penh, to about 80% at Sihanouk Ville.

The mean seasonal variation of humidity at Phnom Penh is from 66% to 85%.

Evaporation

The observations on evaporation in Cambodia are mostly made with the Pich evaporimeter

and to a limited extend with the evaporation pan. The annual observation made by Pich

evaporimeter varies from 1020 mm to 1470 mm. At Phnom Penh mean annual evaporation

is 1348 mm

Water resources

Cambodia has a unique hydrological system. The Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake are

connected by Tonle Sap River which twice a year reverse its stream direction. From July to

October, when the Mekong level is higher, water is pushed up in the Tonle Sap Lake (great

Lake), thereby increasing the size of the Lake.

O Tnaot catchment is part of the floodplain along Stung Sen River flow forwards to Great

Lake; most of flow within this area is created by rainfall run-off rather than over bank flow

from Stung Sen River. Upper O Tnaot catchment flow forward to lower part especially in

beginning wet season most of those flow volume are store inside a ponds (reservoir) beside

Dangtoteung Village before reaching vertical gate at O Tnaot. There’s more than enough

volume of flow going through one canal was built during Pol Pot time to connect with this

reservoir and O Tnaot vertical gate as an entrance where it plays the role as main drainage

canal to distribute water flow to other irrigated area upper part of O Tnaot catchment and

near-by area. Therein linkage between this catchment and Stung Sen River flow interaction

cannot happen because the river bank top is still higher than flow level of this river even

downstream of the gate there’s a canal connected with Stung Sen River its water level

cannot go inside the dyke O Tnaot (back water). Most of flow in the catchment is from

rainfall run-off inside catchment itself (Fig.3.3 Flood Image in year 2000)

Figure 3.3 Satellite Image flood year 2000 .

Documents

Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – …gdb.mef.gov.kh/fderp/contents/uploads/2013/07/SPP-04-O...Egis Eau SUB -PROJECT PROFILE O THNOT Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction