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Flexible Operation of Wind FarmsAdam Stock, Aaron Culver
WoodContact: [email protected]
Intelligent Wind Farm Control
Noise Management• Sound levels can be measured
on site• PAC used to reduce noise
output of noisy turbines
Problem?
• No natural inertia provided by asynchronous wind turbines
• Reduces Grid Stability
Solution?
• Synthetic inertia compensates by providing power proportional to ROCOF
• Needs to be a fast response
Eliminate the need for additional hardware• Turbines and farms can provide
ancillary services• Expensive hardware not required
Compatible with all VSPR turbines• Manufacturer
agnostic• Can be used on
mixed turbine wind farms
Manage loads• Load measures can be used to
inform operation• Load reduction techniques
such as IBC can be deployed
Impact of Droop Control on Turbines
• Droop control is the provision of additional power proportional to grid frequency – primary response
• Generally positive impact on loads
• Negative Impact on energy capture
• No financial incentive in most territories – this may change
Ancillary Services
Droop Control Synthetic Inertia
Altered Operation
Noise Reduction Curtailment
Uses of the Power Adjusting Controller
Supports the Grid• Provides Ancillary
services• Can operate like
conventional plant
Completely Flexible Operation• Any input can be used
to drive performance• Easily adaptable to
future needs
Wind Estimate• Accurate estimates of the
wind at every turbine• Maps wakes and turbulence to
inform operation
Data analysis• Data is collected
and trends identified
• Trends used to guide performance
How?
• Noise is typically a function of the rotor speed
• Reducing rotor speed reduces noise
Why the PAC?
• PAC allows the max rotor speed to be varied across a continuous range
• The max rotor speed can be scheduled on wind speed
• The PAC is capable of performing this function without any alteration to the wind turbine’s dynamic controller
Wind Farm Control
• Wind farm control can also be used to measure the noise on site and intelligently alter turbine behaviour to meet noise requirements
Why Curtail?
• System Operator requests
• Reduce turbine damage in certain conditions
Can’t turbines already do this?
• Many controllers can provide curtailment
• Not typically dynamic curtailment – slow and sometimes required turbine reset
• Done at the individual turbine level
Why the PAC?
• PAC can curtail at a turbine level
• PAC allows curtailment to be scheduled on wind speed if required
• Can be applied to any assets – even old ones
• Often better to curtail at the wind farm level
