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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS FLETCHER STEELE KISHORE D PRADHAN

Fletcher Steel

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Page 1: Fletcher Steel

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

FLETCHER STEELE KISHORE D PRADHAN

Page 2: Fletcher Steel

FLETCHER STEELE (June 7, 1885 - July 1971) was an American Landscape architect credited with designing and creating over 700 gardens from 1915 to 1971.

He represents to the profession of landscape architecture, a bridge between two different design periods. He was trained in the ideas of Beaux Arts classicism, yet he had a yearning to abandon its formulaic methods in favor of art.

Borrowing or copying ideas was not a creative issue for the young Steele, for he believed that a designer should use whatever it took to create his client's dreamscapes.

Through his professional development, he eventually abandoned the formulaic copying of details in favor of expressive, lyrical and original designs that were expressions of his own design aesthetic as well as the dreams of his clients.

Steele continually wrote (over 100 articles and 2 books) on a wide number of topics to emphasize his points. Topics ranged from historical design analysis and color standards to horticulture and public monument design.

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STEELE’S DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:

His design stemmed from two main beliefs: that landscape architecture was an art form on par with painting or music and that gardens were for pleasure.

Through historical analysis, we can see that Steele's ability to look both forward and backward as well as being able to use the ideas and details of the past as inspiration to create the new, is what made him so successful then and so appealing now.

Page 4: Fletcher Steel

His emphasis on expression and detail countered the popular views of his piers, who were stressing spatial creation and functionality. In spite of this, Steele's designs and writings added much to the theoretical and artistic base of the profession of landscape architecture.

Steele is noted for a number of major works including Naumkeag, Ancrum House, Whitney Allen House, Standish Backus House, Turner House, Lisborne Grange.

Page 5: Fletcher Steel

NAUMKEAG• Naumkeag is the name of the original people (Native American people) of the area that is now called Salem, Massachusetts.• It is a country house located in Massachusetts.• It was designed by Stanford White in 1885 for Joseph Hodges Choate as a summer home.•The area of the plot is 8 acres and is surrounded by 40 acres of woodlands, meadows and pasture.

Google earth image of Naumkeag

Page 6: Fletcher Steel

The house is built in the Shingle Style with a wood-shingled exterior featuring brick and stone towers, prominent gables and large porch, and interiors with fine woodwork. It contains the Choate family's furniture, Chinese porcelain, and artwork collected from America, Europe, and the Far East.

External views of the house and the

surroundings

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• The U.S. Department of the Interior designated Naumkeag a National Historic Landmark on March 29, 2007.• The Entrance Steps and the Pyramid Steps were one of the first elements to be added to the grounds.• Steele experimented with vines and ornamental ground covers.

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•The Afternoon Garden: He spoke of 'plant material' as one of the elements in a composition.•His curves flow. They are related to the contours.•The garden was later extended into the south lawns.

Page 10: Fletcher Steel

•The Top Lawn extends into the west side of the house. The Great seat was constructed to provide a view with Apple trees as the foreground.

•The Perugino view was named after the Italian painter Pietro Perugino.

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•The South lawn is graded to reflect the curvature of the mountains in a distance.•The lawn was created by grading several trucks of dirt.•The Oak Lawn is a part of the South Lawn named after the 300 year old Oak tree.

Page 12: Fletcher Steel

•The Rose Garden was made in what was then the most revolutionary of garden materials: concrete.

• A bold diagonal runs from curved steps up to and across an intricately patterned terrace with eleven scalloped waves of pink gravel.

•The Evergreen Garden was added to provide a quiet view of the mountains at the background.

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•The Blue steps is the most interesting feature of all the gardens.

•The Oxford Companion to Gardens describes this beautiful design as follows: 'In the Blue Steps (of concrete painted light blue) rising in sweeps over small cascades through a birch wood, which he created, selecting trees of various sizes, he has successfully re-interpreted Renaissance forms in terms of the modern concern for values of space, form, texture and color

Page 15: Fletcher Steel

THE ANCRUM HOUSE•Was built for angelica gerry at the edge of lake delaware. It is the most extensive landscape project he worked on which spanned for 23 yrs.•He designed based on Utility, Comfort and Aesthetics.•The main drive or Gallop has 2 double rows of Beeches trees, 75 in total. Each tree was about 30 – 45 ft tall and weighed about 2 – 4 tons.•Elms were used for the North Lawn and apples from the nearby village for the Orchard.

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•The house is built on the hill. Landscape to the north forms the North Lawn with a retaining wall and balustrade and is bordered by 12 elms in a curve.

The Forecourt is twice the size of the house which provides a view of the distinctive façade

Page 17: Fletcher Steel

The entry to the garden is through a door opening into a small terrace garden with the main diagonal axis, the Overlook Walk.

The Flower garden was determined by the flagstone paving .

Page 18: Fletcher Steel

Statues were placed along the curved wall of the orchard. Another interesting feature is the statute of a seated diane which is seen when descending the spiral stairs from the orchard.

Page 19: Fletcher Steel

THANK YOU

GANASHREE.HNAYANA.G.SPOOJA.B.IRAMYA.KYASHASWINI.B.T