FlavonesA total of 309 entries on the distribution of flavones and their methyl ethers are summarized in table.12.1. the substitution patterns range from unsubstituted flavone to octa-0-substituted flavones. As expected, the number of plant species accumulating these structures is growing. Since the last complilation, some eight compounds (scut-6-Me, scut-6,7-diMe, scut-6,4-diMe, scut-6,7,4-triMe; lut-3-Me, 6-OH-lut-6-Me, and 6-OH-lut-6,3-diMe) fall in the category of widespread in addition to apigenin, genk wanin (apigenin-7-Me), acacetin (ap-4-Me), and luteolin. Thus, no specific sources have been listed for these compounds.The number of newly described structures increased by about 50 entries during the reporting period. These include a series of 2- and 5-substituted flavone s, which have been reported from several asteraceae such as from leaves of psiadia punctulata. The genus andrographis yielded several of these more complex substituted flavones, isolated from whole plants, in contrast to other reports on andrographis, the meaning of whole plant could not be clarified, with root tissue probably included in the analysis as well. Since all andrographis species are annuals, inclusion of root tissue probably has little influence on the flavonoid composition. Capitula of leiothrix flavescens (eriocaulaceae) yielded a new flavone with a rare 5,6,7,8,3,4-hexahydroxy substitution (compound 264 in tab.12.1) this is remarkable insofar as many of the listed flavones are (poly)methoxy derivatives and other hexahydroxyflavones are known as glycosides only.Most of the source reports concern equally the families of the asteraceae and lamiaceae, followed by rutaceae. However, it must be taken into consideration that the long list may rather be due to the number of species and not to the number of genera. The large number of results in both familiies may also be due to the research focus on these groups by the authors, in these families, flavone accumulation is mostly reported in leaves, aerial parts and in exudates. Species of the genus scutellaria from an exception, with analyses concentrating on roots since those are used pharmaceutically. According to the distribution of flavones in aerial parts and leaves in other lamiaceae, similar results should also be expected from scutellaria. Genera of the rutaceae accumulate flavones primarily in aerial parts and leaves. Many of these compounds, however, were found in fruit peels of citrus. Particularly those with higher methylation patterns (e.g, compound 194). None of the reports, however, indicate possible external accumulation on vegetative tissue of rutaceae.Reports on other falilies ste much lower in number, in fabaceae and mimosaceae, flavonea and their methyl ethers are described nfrom all parts af the plants, including roots of, from example.

diidentifikasi sebagai 5,7,2 ', 3'-tetramethoxyflavanone dan5-hidroksi-7, 2 ', 3'-trimethoxyflavone diisolasidari seluruh pabrik, 16 sementara 12 baru flavonoiddan 14 diterpenoids telah dilaporkan dariudara parts.17, 18 Dua flavonoid glikosida baru danditerpenoid baru (asam andrographic) adalah baru-baru inidilaporkan, 19 dan dua baru ent-labdane diterpenoidglikosida diisolasi dari bagian udara

Java teaDiuretik efek Beberapa penelitian pada tikus telah melaporkandiuretik aktivitas ekstrak O. stamineus dan O.aristatus (14 `16) dan flavonoid (sinensetin dantetramethoxyflavone) diisolasi dari O. aristatus. (17)Intraperitoneal administrasi hydroalcoholic sebuahekstrak O. stamineus dengan tikus menyebabkan signifikandiuresis selama 2-24 jam berikutnya dibandingkandengan kontrol. (14) Efeknya adalah serupa dengan yangdiamati administrasi intraperitoneal berikutdari hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg / kg). administrasi (14) Oraldari ekstrak air O. aristatuspeningkatan ekskresi ion sampai tingkat yang sama seperti yang dilakukanfurosemid (frusemid), meskipun tidak ada tindakan diuretiktercatatOral administrasi methylripariochromene A(100 mg / kg) telah terbukti meningkatkan kemihvolume pada tikus berpuasa selama tiga jam setelah lisanadministrasi, peningkatan volume urin adalahmirip dengan yang diamati dengan pemberian oralhydrochlorothiazide (25 mg / kg). (13) Natrium, kaliumekskresi ion klorida dan ditambah denganmethylripariochromene A (100mgtkg), meskipunnatrium ekskresi ion kemih tidak meningkat. Sebuah mekanisme aksi diuretik methylripariochromeneSebuah belum dijelaskan, meskipuntampaknya memiliki modus yang berbeda tindakan dengan yanghydrochlorothiazide