Flame Retardant Additives for Coatings, Plastics, and Adhesives

Flame Retardant Additives for Flame Retardant Additives for Coatings, Plastics, and AdhesivesCoatings, Plastics, and Adhesives

byby

Walter ContiWalter ContiBUCKMAN LABORATORIES, INC.BUCKMAN LABORATORIES, INC.

1256 North McLean Blvd.1256 North McLean Blvd.

Memphis, TN 38108-1241Memphis, TN 38108-1241

1-800-282-56261-800-282-5626

MissionMission

• ““We, the associates of Buckman We, the associates of Buckman Laboratories, will excel in providing Laboratories, will excel in providing measurable, cost-effective improvements in measurable, cost-effective improvements in output and quality for our customers by output and quality for our customers by delivering customer-specific services and delivering customer-specific services and products, and the creative application of products, and the creative application of knowledge”knowledge”

Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories

Flame Retardant Additives for Flame Retardant Additives for Coatings, Plastics, and Coatings, Plastics, and

AdhesivesAdhesives

Definition of Definition of FIREFIRE

• Fire is one of the 4 Elements: EARTH, Fire is one of the 4 Elements: EARTH, AIR, AIR, FIREFIRE and WATER. and WATER.

• By Webster, Fire is defined as:By Webster, Fire is defined as:– A Rapid, persistent chemical reaction that A Rapid, persistent chemical reaction that

releases heat and light, esp. the exothermic releases heat and light, esp. the exothermic combustion of a combustible substance with combustion of a combustible substance with oxygen.oxygen.

Fire FlashoverFire Flashover

Upholstered Chair Fire Upholstered Chair Fire (elapsed time 4:50 min/sec)(elapsed time 4:50 min/sec)

TV/ Low Level Ignition TV/ Low Level Ignition (not flame retarded)(not flame retarded)

TV/ Low Level Ignition TV/ Low Level Ignition (flame retarded)(flame retarded)

IntroductionIntroduction

• Almost anything will burn.Almost anything will burn.

• The objective of flame retarding is to The objective of flame retarding is to increase the resistance of a product to increase the resistance of a product to ignition and to reduce flame spread. Thus, ignition and to reduce flame spread. Thus, the use of a flame retardant may prevent a the use of a flame retardant may prevent a small fire from becoming a major small fire from becoming a major catastrophe.catastrophe.

Introduction Introduction (con't.)(con't.)

• A National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) A National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) study comparing fire retarded and non-fire study comparing fire retarded and non-fire retarded products concluded that fire retarded products concluded that fire retardant additives decreased the overall fire retardant additives decreased the overall fire hazard of their host products.hazard of their host products.

FIREFIRE Statistics Statistics• US has one of the highest fire death rates in the industrialized worldUS has one of the highest fire death rates in the industrialized world• More than 2 million fires reported each year / cost of 8.1 billion dollarsMore than 2 million fires reported each year / cost of 8.1 billion dollars• Where fires occur in the home:Where fires occur in the home:

– Kitchen 29%Kitchen 29%– Bedroom 13%Bedroom 13%– Living Room/Den 8%Living Room/Den 8%– Chimney 8%Chimney 8%– Laundry Area 4%Laundry Area 4%

• Top causes of residential fires:Top causes of residential fires:– Careless SmokingCareless Smoking– ArsonArson– Alternative heatersAlternative heaters– CookingCooking

Determining the Fire Hazard of a Determining the Fire Hazard of a ProductProduct

• Factors needed to be considered in Factors needed to be considered in determining the fire hazard of a product are determining the fire hazard of a product are – IgnitabilityIgnitability– FlammabilityFlammability– Heat released when burnedHeat released when burned– Heat release rateHeat release rate– Smoke obscurationSmoke obscuration– Toxicity of the smoke generatedToxicity of the smoke generated

Flame Retardant MarketFlame Retardant Market

• The overall market for flame retardant The overall market for flame retardant chemicals is controlled by government chemicals is controlled by government regulations, insurance underwriters, national or regulations, insurance underwriters, national or local building codes, special regulations and local building codes, special regulations and compliance with existing and anticipated compliance with existing and anticipated standards. standards.

• Without these regulatory actions or mandatory Without these regulatory actions or mandatory standards, flame retardant chemicals probably standards, flame retardant chemicals probably would not be used to an appreciable extent.would not be used to an appreciable extent.

Flame Retardant MarketFlame Retardant Market (con't.)(con't.)

• Fire Retardant additives in Fire Retardant additives in

– PlasticsPlastics 9.4% 9.4%– AdhesivesAdhesives 0.2%0.2%– Paints and CoatingsPaints and Coatings 4.8%4.8%– OtherOther 8.1%8.1%

Desired Properties of a Flame Desired Properties of a Flame RetardantRetardant

• High Decomposition TemperatureHigh Decomposition Temperature

• Low volatilityLow volatility

• Non-blooming or plate-outNon-blooming or plate-out

• Minimal effect on final physical propertiesMinimal effect on final physical properties

• Low toxicityLow toxicity (no single additive meets all these (no single additive meets all these

requirements)requirements)

3 Things are Needed to Sustain3 Things are Needed to Sustain FIREFIRE

• Flame Flame

• OxygenOxygen

• FuelFuel

Phases in the course of a FirePhases in the course of a Fire

Fire triangle Fire triangle (according to (according to Emmons)Emmons)

Mechanisms of Flame RetardantsMechanisms of Flame Retardants

• EndothermicityEndothermicity

• Char formerChar former

• Vapor phase Vapor phase

ENDOTHERMICITYENDOTHERMICITY

• Mode of action - heat absorberMode of action - heat absorber– Primarily utilize evaporative cooling provided by Primarily utilize evaporative cooling provided by

chemically bound water and diluting the oxygen chemically bound water and diluting the oxygen in the gas-phase reactionin the gas-phase reaction

• ExamplesExamples– Alumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxideAlumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide

• They are relatively inefficientThey are relatively inefficient

• High use levels required comprimise High use levels required comprimise products physical propertiesproducts physical properties

CHAR FORMERCHAR FORMER

• Mode of action - Char formerMode of action - Char former– As the material is broken down a char or carbon As the material is broken down a char or carbon

layer is formed. This char acts as a physical layer is formed. This char acts as a physical barrier excluding oxygen and fuel for the fire. barrier excluding oxygen and fuel for the fire.

• ExamplesExamples– Barium/Calcium metaborates, phosphorus Barium/Calcium metaborates, phosphorus

compounds, zinc borate. These products work compounds, zinc borate. These products work best with a halogen donor of some sort best with a halogen donor of some sort (chlorinated resin, chlorinated wax, other (chlorinated resin, chlorinated wax, other synergistic flame retardant)synergistic flame retardant)

VAPOR PHASEVAPOR PHASE

• Mode of action - Chemically inhibit flameMode of action - Chemically inhibit flame– Free radicals generated during combustion are Free radicals generated during combustion are

scavenged by halogens (which compete with scavenged by halogens (which compete with oxygen - no oxygen, no flame) stopping the chain oxygen - no oxygen, no flame) stopping the chain reaction of combustion.reaction of combustion.

• InexpensiveInexpensive• ExamplesExamples

– Halogenated materials (deca-brome type, Halogenated materials (deca-brome type, chlorinated paraffin wax, phosphate esters, chlorinated paraffin wax, phosphate esters, antimony tri and pentoxide)antimony tri and pentoxide)

Major US Producers of Flame Retardant Major US Producers of Flame Retardant ChemicalsChemicals

ProductProduct CompanyCompany TradenameTradename• Alumina TrihydrateAlumina Trihydrate Alcoa Alcoa FlameGaurdFlameGaurd

LaRoche Chemical LaRoche Chemical Reynolds Metals Reynolds Metals Solem Solem

• Antimony OxideAntimony Oxide Albermarle Albermarle AnzonAnzon

Cookson Cookson Laurel Laurel Fireshield, ThermogaurdFireshield, Thermogaurd

• Boron CompoundsBoron Compounds Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories FlameblocFlamebloc Climax Climax

US Borax US Borax FirebrakeFirebrake• Brominated PhosphatesBrominated Phosphates Ameribrom / Dead Sea Bromine Ameribrom / Dead Sea Bromine

Albermarle Albermarle SaytexSaytex Ferro Ferro

Great Lakes Chemical Great Lakes Chemical Firemaster, SmokeblocFiremaster, Smokebloc FMC FMC

• Chlorinated CmpdsChlorinated Cmpds Ferro Ferro Dover Chemical Dover Chemical Occidental Occidental Pearsall Pearsall

• Chlorinated PhosphatesChlorinated Phosphates Akzo Akzo Albright and Wilson Albright and Wilson

• Molybdenum CmpdsMolybdenum Cmpds AMAX AMAX Sherwin William Sherwin William

• Phosphate EstersPhosphate Esters Akzo Akzo Monsanto Monsanto

Characteristics of Other Most Characteristics of Other Most Widely Used FR’sWidely Used FR’s

• Antimony Tri/Pentoxide (SbAntimony Tri/Pentoxide (Sb22OO33)-)-

– ProsPros• Inexpensive Commodity (large price swings $1 - $3)Inexpensive Commodity (large price swings $1 - $3)• Fine particle sizeFine particle size

• Track Record in many materials and applicationsTrack Record in many materials and applications – ConsCons

• May Cause “Antimony Measles” in workersMay Cause “Antimony Measles” in workers• Halogen needed for optimal performanceHalogen needed for optimal performance• High loading levels, possibly decreased physical propertiesHigh loading levels, possibly decreased physical properties• Higher product densityHigher product density• Most supply is imported (commodity, large price swings)Most supply is imported (commodity, large price swings)

– See Technical Data Sheet ExampleSee Technical Data Sheet Example


• Zinc Borate (ZnBOZinc Borate (ZnBO33) -) -

– ProsPros• InexpensiveInexpensive

• Similar RI of most thermoplastics (lower pigment levels)Similar RI of most thermoplastics (lower pigment levels)

• Track Record in many materials and applicationsTrack Record in many materials and applications

– ConsCons• High loading levels, possibly decreasing final physical High loading levels, possibly decreasing final physical

propertiesproperties

• Halogen needed for optimal performanceHalogen needed for optimal performance

• High product densityHigh product density

• Water of hydrationWater of hydration


• Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR's) -Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR's) -– ProsPros

• Cost EffectiveCost Effective

• Track Record in many materials and applicationsTrack Record in many materials and applications

– ConsCons• Halogen (Bromine)Halogen (Bromine)

• Brominated materials under scrutiny in Europe, US may Brominated materials under scrutiny in Europe, US may follow follow

• Not readily biodegradable - environmental issuesNot readily biodegradable - environmental issues

Primary Industries Where Flame Primary Industries Where Flame Retardants are UsedRetardants are Used

• Wire and cable (electronic and other)Wire and cable (electronic and other)

• AppliancesAppliances

• TextilesTextiles

• CoatingsCoatings

• AdhesivesAdhesives

• Carpet BackingCarpet Backing

• OtherOther

Successes with Flamebloc Successes with Flamebloc Products in Plastics/CoatingsProducts in Plastics/Coatings

• PVC (wire and jacketing)PVC (wire and jacketing)

• Chlorinated Polyethylene (riser cable)Chlorinated Polyethylene (riser cable)

• Nylon other engineering resins (part of FR Nylon other engineering resins (part of FR package)package)

• Polyester PultrusionPolyester Pultrusion

• Coatings / Intumesent coatingsCoatings / Intumesent coatings

Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Retardants/Smoke Suppressants Retardants/Smoke Suppressants (con’t)(con’t)

• Flame Retardant / Smoke SuppressorFlame Retardant / Smoke Suppressor– Data has shown that the smoke suppressant Data has shown that the smoke suppressant

effectiveness can be as great as 50% or better effectiveness can be as great as 50% or better (see data)(see data)

• Four particle sizes to choose fromFour particle sizes to choose from– The theory is that you will get better dispersion The theory is that you will get better dispersion

in your polymer with a smaller particle size and in your polymer with a smaller particle size and more uniform distribution curve. Also, the more uniform distribution curve. Also, the increased surface area helps create more char.increased surface area helps create more char.

Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Retardants/Smoke SuppressantsRetardants/Smoke Suppressants (con’t)(con’t)

• Does not noticeably degrade final physical Does not noticeably degrade final physical properties of most finished productsproperties of most finished products

• Heat Stabilization EffectHeat Stabilization Effect– Unlike products like Zinc Borate, that significantly Unlike products like Zinc Borate, that significantly

degrade a polymer’s final physical properties, the degrade a polymer’s final physical properties, the Barium and Calcium Metaborates act as stabilizers and Barium and Calcium Metaborates act as stabilizers and do not degrade the polymer’s final properties to that do not degrade the polymer’s final properties to that degreedegree

• Safer product (MSDS) than many of its Safer product (MSDS) than many of its competitorscompetitors

Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Benefits of Flamebloc Flame Retardants/Smoke SuppressantsRetardants/Smoke Suppressants (con’t)(con’t)

• Reduced toxic smoke emissions and total Reduced toxic smoke emissions and total smokesmoke– The Flamebloc products keep the Peak Rate of The Flamebloc products keep the Peak Rate of

Heat Release and Total Heat Release (cone Heat Release and Total Heat Release (cone calorimeter) low thus creating less combustibles calorimeter) low thus creating less combustibles and less smoke. Also the byproducts of BMB and less smoke. Also the byproducts of BMB and CMB are less toxic than some of its and CMB are less toxic than some of its counterparts.counterparts.

• Non-halogenNon-halogen

Test MethodsTest Methods

• There are many different tests for determining the There are many different tests for determining the degree of flame retardancy of materials.degree of flame retardancy of materials.

• The correlation of performance between test The correlation of performance between test methods is poor. Therefore, a system that passes methods is poor. Therefore, a system that passes one test, might not pass or may need modification one test, might not pass or may need modification in order to pass a different test.in order to pass a different test.

• Following is a list of some of the more common Following is a list of some of the more common test.test.

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/Smoke

• The two most popular laboratory methods of The two most popular laboratory methods of measuring flammability aremeasuring flammability are– UL -94UL -94

– Limited Oxygen TestsLimited Oxygen Tests • While such small scale tests are useful for While such small scale tests are useful for

comparative studies, they do not predict the level comparative studies, they do not predict the level of hazard in an actual room fire. of hazard in an actual room fire.

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/SmokeUL-94UL-94

• The UL-94 requirements cover tests for The UL-94 requirements cover tests for flammability of plastic materials used to flammability of plastic materials used to manufacture parts in devices and appliances. manufacture parts in devices and appliances. They are intended to provide an indication of a They are intended to provide an indication of a resin’s flammability , and therefore acceptability resin’s flammability , and therefore acceptability for a particular application.for a particular application.

• Tests:Tests:– Horizontal Burning Test; 94HB 20MM Horizontal Burning Test; 94HB 20MM

– Vertical Burning Test; 94V-0, 94V-1, or 94V-2 Vertical Burning Test; 94V-0, 94V-1, or 94V-2

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/SmokeUL-94 UL-94 (con't)(con't)




• Tests:Tests:– Horizontal Burning Test; 94HBHorizontal Burning Test; 94HB– 20 MW Vertical Burning Test; 94V-0, 94V-1, 20 MW Vertical Burning Test; 94V-0, 94V-1,

or 94V-2 or 94V-2 – 500 MW Vertical Burning Test; 94-5VA or 500 MW Vertical Burning Test; 94-5VA or

94-5VB94-5VB– Thin Material Vertical Burning Test;Thin Material Vertical Burning Test;

94VTM-0, or 94VTM-2…94VTM-0, or 94VTM-2…– Horizontal Burning Foamed Materials Test;Horizontal Burning Foamed Materials Test;

934HBF, 94HBF-1, or 94HBF-2934HBF, 94HBF-1, or 94HBF-2

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/SmokeOxygen IndexOxygen Index

• Oxygen index is the consumption of oxygen Oxygen index is the consumption of oxygen of a fire system related to a numerical of a fire system related to a numerical value. The higher the value the better the value. The higher the value the better the flame retardant system may be.flame retardant system may be.

• Buckman Laboratories has this apparatus Buckman Laboratories has this apparatus available in the lab.available in the lab.

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/SmokeOxygen Index Oxygen Index (con't)(con't)

Measuring Flammability/SmokeMeasuring Flammability/Smoke (con’t)(con’t)

• Methods for measuring smokeMethods for measuring smoke– Cone colorimeter Cone colorimeter – UL Steiner Tunnel Test (larger scale)UL Steiner Tunnel Test (larger scale)

• Although toxic gases are the major cause of Although toxic gases are the major cause of fire deaths, it has been suggested that heat fire deaths, it has been suggested that heat release rate is the single most important release rate is the single most important variable in characterizing flammability.variable in characterizing flammability.

Measuring Flammability/Smoke Measuring Flammability/Smoke Cone CalorimeterCone Calorimeter

• The cone calorimeter is an apparatus that The cone calorimeter is an apparatus that measures the rate of heat release using the measures the rate of heat release using the ‘oxygen consumption principle’, ignitability ‘oxygen consumption principle’, ignitability and smoke production.and smoke production.

Measuring Flammability/Smoke Measuring Flammability/Smoke UL Steiner Tunnel TestUL Steiner Tunnel Test

• This test analyzes the smoke produced by This test analyzes the smoke produced by the burning of a material.the burning of a material.

Flame Retardant Chemicals Flame Retardant Chemicals MarketMarket

• Projected Growth is 4% per year over the Projected Growth is 4% per year over the next five yearsnext five years

• Flame retardants in the electronics market Flame retardants in the electronics market segment will grow the fastest at about 7.5%segment will grow the fastest at about 7.5%

Current and Future TrendsCurrent and Future Trends

• Europe has moved to ban or curtail the use Europe has moved to ban or curtail the use of brominated diphenyl oxide flame of brominated diphenyl oxide flame retardants because of the potential retardants because of the potential formation of highly toxic brominated furans formation of highly toxic brominated furans and dioxins during combustion.and dioxins during combustion.

• Reformulation to replace halogenated flame Reformulation to replace halogenated flame retardants with non-halogenated flame retardants with non-halogenated flame retardants.retardants.

Current and Future Trends Current and Future Trends (con’t)(con’t)

• New co-polymerization of engineering New co-polymerization of engineering thermoplasticsthermoplastics

• More rigid flame retardant requirements More rigid flame retardant requirements have been established for the upholstered have been established for the upholstered furniture industryfurniture industry

• Better flame and smoke reduction using Better flame and smoke reduction using non-halogen chemistry in the polyolefin non-halogen chemistry in the polyolefin arena arena

Current and Future Trends Current and Future Trends (con’t)(con’t)

• Flame retardant blends (synergism's Flame retardant blends (synergism's between different FR mechanism products)between different FR mechanism products)– i.e. Flamebloc products and antimony oxidei.e. Flamebloc products and antimony oxide

Data ReviewData Review

Buckman Laboratories Cone Buckman Laboratories Cone Calorimeter Data on Plenum Wire Calorimeter Data on Plenum Wire

and Cable Formulationand Cable Formulation

PVC Cone Colorimeter Data and GraphsPVC Cone Colorimeter Data and Graphs Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates of Plasticized PVC

Test Results:

ASTM 1354Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an

Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

Heat Flux: 35 kW/m2 Exhaust Flow Rate: 24.0 I /s

Sample A Q N K H B D E G KInitial Mass (g) 13.4 14.0 13.2 12.6 12.0 12.3 11.0 9.9 9.8 11.3Final Mass (g) 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.6Avg. % wt. Loss (g) 78.4 75.0 76.5 70.0 76.7 73.2 70.0 73.7 73.4 68.1

Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 19 18 18 17 16 20 15 16 28 36Time to Flame-out (s) 112 171 139 148 122 104 98 89 96 99Peak Rate of Heat Release (kW/m2) 244.1 178.9 215.0 196.9 204.9 198.0 185.3 173.2 174.7 199.6Total Heat Released (MJ /m m2 ) 10.89 10.58 10.32 10.03 9.85 9.40 8.88 7.48 6.71 7.02

Total Smoke Released (m2 ) 10.88 9.34 10.14 9.95 9.62 6.65 7.70 5.87 5.10 6.55

Legend:A – Control B – Antimony (10phr)Q – Flamebloc 381 (10phr) D – Flamebloc 428 (10phr)N – Zinc Borate (10phr) E – Flamebloc 428/Antimony /5/5phr)K – Flamebloc (10phr) G – Busan 11-M1/Antimony (5/5phr)H – Busan 11-M1 (10phr) K – Flamebloc/Antimony (5/5phr)

Test FormulationTest Formulation

Base FormulationMaterial Product Name Company Function Partspoly(vinyl chloride) Geon Resin 103EPF-76 The Geon Company resin 100dioctylphthalate Eastman DOP Eastman Chemical primary plasticizer 35epoxidized soybean oil Plas-Chek 775 Ferro secondary plasticizer 5CaCO3 Duramite ECC filler pigment 10TiO2 Ti-Pure R-900 DuPont colorant 10barium-zinc salts Therm-check 144 Ferro thermal stabalizer 3stearic acid A292-500 Fisher Chemical lubricant 0.5

Heat Release Rate

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101

105

109

113

117

Seconds

Kw/m

2

Control

ZnBO4 10 phr

SbO3 10 phr

Flamebloc 428 10 phr

Flamebloc 428~SbO3 5~5 phr

Effective Heat

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101

105

109

113

117

Seconds

MJ/

kg

Control

ZnBO4 10 phr

SbO3 10 phr



Extinction Area

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101

105

109

113

117

Seconds

m2/

kg

ControlZnBO4 10 phrSbO3 10 phrFlamebloc 428 10 phrFlamebloc 428~SbO3 5~5 phr

Smoke

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101

105

109

113

117

Seconds

m2/

s

Control

ZnBO4 10 phr

SbO3 10 phr



Total Smoke

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101

105

109

113

117

Seconds

m2

Control

ZnBO4 10 phr

SbO3 10 phr



Summary Review of DataSummary Review of Data• Flamebloc 428/Antimony and the Flamebloc 428/Antimony and the

Busan 11-M1/Antimony combination had:Busan 11-M1/Antimony combination had:

1. Longer times to sustained ignition1. Longer times to sustained ignition2. Lower Heat Release Rates2. Lower Heat Release Rates3. Lower Total Heat Released3. Lower Total Heat Released4. Lower Total Smoke Generation4. Lower Total Smoke Generation5. Better part physical properties5. Better part physical properties

than the control or competitive materialsthan the control or competitive materials(zinc borate or antimony)(zinc borate or antimony)

• All the above contribute to superior performance for All the above contribute to superior performance for Buckman products in plenum cable applications.Buckman products in plenum cable applications.

Buckman Laboratory Products Buckman Laboratory Products for Flame and Smoke Reductionfor Flame and Smoke Reduction

• Barium Metaborate BasedBarium Metaborate Based– BUSAN 11M1BUSAN 11M1– BULAB FLAMEBLOC BULAB FLAMEBLOC – BULAB FLAMEBLOC 440BULAB FLAMEBLOC 440

• Calcium Metaborate BasedCalcium Metaborate Based– BULAB FLAMEBLOC 381BULAB FLAMEBLOC 381– BULAB FLAMEBLOC 428BULAB FLAMEBLOC 428– BULAB FLAMEBLOC 451BULAB FLAMEBLOC 451

Buckman Laboratory Products for Buckman Laboratory Products for Flame and Smoke SuppressionFlame and Smoke Suppression

• This is a strategic business area for This is a strategic business area for BUCKMAN LABORATORIES, Inc. We BUCKMAN LABORATORIES, Inc. We are committed to keeping our customers on are committed to keeping our customers on the cutting edge of FR and SS with new the cutting edge of FR and SS with new products and technologies. products and technologies.

BUCKMAN!BUCKMAN!

We’re More Than You’d We’re More Than You’d Expect!Expect!

1-800-BUCKMAN1-800-BUCKMANFor More InformationFor More Information

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Flame Retardant Additives for Coatings, Plastics, and Adhesives