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Basic Skin Care Training

Making Recruitment Beautiful

Skin is actually your body’s largest organ and is vital to the human body in order to carry out a range of functions, these include:

• Protecting the bodies internal organs and tissues• Acting as a barrier against infection• Regulating body temperature• Enabling the body to detect sensations: touch, pain, heat, and cold

The skin is made up of 3 layers:

The Epidermis is the outer layer and is approximately 0.5-1.5mm thick. It is made up of five layers of cells which work their way up to the surface of your skin. The dead cells on the surface of the epidermis are shed approximately every two weeks.

The Dermis (which is an underlying layer of fibrous tissue) is approximately 0.3-3mm thick. This is made up of a mix of three types of tissue. It also contains your hair follicles and sweat glands, as well as small blood vessels and nerves.

The Subcutaneous is the final layer – This layer varies in thickness depending on the person. The subcutaneous contains your larger blood vessels and nerves. It also regulates the temperature of your skin and body.

Skin can be damaged through:

• Contact with sharp or abrasive objects• Contact with Electrical Current• Exposure to extremes of temperature• Contact with harmful chemicals• Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation

All of these will damage the cells within the layers of the skin. The severity will vary on how long the skin has been exposed to the damaging conditions.

The Skin

The Layers of the Skin

Skin types include normal, oily, dry, and sensitive. Some people also have a combination of skin types in different areas of their skin. Your skin type can change over time. For example, younger people are more likely than older people to have a normal skin type.

Skin types vary depending upon factors such as:• Water content, which affects your skin's comfort and elasticity• Oil (lipid) content, which affects your skin's softness• Sensitivity level

Skin Types

Oily Skin Type –Oily skin can produce:• Enlarged pores• Dull or shiny, thick complexion• Blackheads, pimples, or other blemishes

Dry Skin Type Dry Skin can produce:• Almost invisible pores• Dull, rough complexion• Red patches• Less elasticity• More visible lines

Skin TypesNormal Skin TypeNormal skin is not too dry and not too oily. It has:• No or few imperfections• No severe sensitivity• Barely visible pores• A radiant complexion

Combination Skin Type A combination skin type can be dry or normal in some areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose, forehead, and chin). Many people have combination skin, which may benefit from slightly different types of skin care in different areas. Combination skin can produce:• Overly dilated pores• Blackheads• Shiny skin

When exposed to drying factors, skin can crack, peel, or become itchy, irritated, or inflamed. If your skin is very dry, it can become rough and scaly, especially on the backs of your hands, arms, and legs.

Dry skin may be caused or made worse by:

• Genetic factors• Aging or hormonal changes• Weather such as wind, sun, or cold• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from tanning beds• Indoor heating• Long, hot baths and showers• Ingredients in soaps, cosmetics, or cleansers• Medications

Here are some tips for taking better care of dry skin:

• Take shorter showers and baths, no more than once daily.• Use mild, gentle soaps or cleansers. Avoid deodorant soaps.• Don't scrub while bathing or drying.• Apply a rich moisturizer right after bathing. Ointments and creams may work better than lotions for dry skin but are

often messier. Reapply as needed throughout the day.• Use a humidifier and don't let indoor temperatures get too hot.• Wear gloves when using cleaning agents, solvents, or household detergents.

Dry Skin

Anti-Ageing Skin Type The definition of anti-aging is to delay, stop or retard the aging process. Our bodies are made of cells, and aging occurs when there is cell death. As an infant, child and young adult, our body’s cells are strong, resilient and can make new cells. As the years advance, our body’s ability to generate new cells diminishes, cell death occurs, and the aging process ensues.• Fine noticeable lines • Prevent the appearance of ageing

Anti-Wrinkle Skin Type Frown lines and wrinkles may develop due to using facial muscles repeatedly and the natural ageing process. As we get older the production of collagen and elastic production in the skin slows down causing lines to become permanent.• Correction• Repair

Free RadicalsThe free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive. For most biological structures, free radical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. Antioxidants are reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals.

UVA Rays • Ageing Rays - ultraviolet light with a relatively long wavelength, able to penetrate the deep layers of the skin.

UVB Rays • Burning Rays - ultraviolet light with a relatively short wavelength

SPF • Sun Protection Factor - Numbers on a package can range from as low as 2 to as high as 100. These numbers

refer to the product's ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays.. The amount of sun exposure depends upon a number of factors including the length of exposure, time of day, geographic location, and weather conditions.

CleansingProper cleansing to remove dirt, makeup and pollution should be the core of every skin care routine. Try to cleanse or wash your face twice daily, usually in the morning and then again before going to bed at night. (If your skin is dry, you can skip the morning wash and simply use water and a soft face cloth or a moisturizing, cream-based cleanser.) Use lukewarm water to keep irritation to a minimum and avoid harsh cleansers, even if your skin is oily. Strong detergents like sodium lauryl sulphate, soap, and alcohol strip the moisture barrier from the skin’s surface, leaving it vulnerable to irritation and damage. Always use a gentle touch and don’t rub too much.

ToningIt is only necessary to use a toner (or astringent) if you skin is oily and still feels sticky after cleansing. Alcohol-based toners will strip away all the oil on the surface, leaving your skin dry and irritated. This dryness will actually prompt your skin to make even more oil, so it’s a vicious cycle. If you wish to use a toner, select one for sensitive skin and use it sparingly.While some companies would like you to believe that using a toner can change the size of your pores, this is not true. Pores can appear enlarged because of a build-up of dirt and oil, but using a toner will not immediately make them appear smaller. Proper cleansing and exfoliating will help keep your pores clear, thereby improving their appearance over time.

MoisturisingMoisturising is an optional step for many people. If you have oily skin, you don’t need to add any additional moisture. You may decide to moisturize around your eyes however, but this is a matter of personal choice. Normal skin can benefit from an oil-free moisturizer that won’t clog the pores but again, this is up to personal preference. Dry skin sufferers need to moisturize often however, to soothe tightness and minimize lines. While no moisturizer can prevent wrinkles and lines, it can “plump up”the skin and make existing lines less noticeable. Some moisturizers contain light-diffusing ingredients that soften the appearance of lines and make them seem to disappear.

The Basic 3 Step To Skincare

ExfoliatorsExfoliationYour skin is constantly renewing itself and shedding off dead cells. As you age however, the rate at which your cells turn over slows down, resulting in a dull, dreary skin tone. Exfoliating, or sloughing, speeds up the process and produces a brighter, rosier complexion.There are two basic ways to exfoliate: physical or chemical.

Physical exfoliation This involves using a grainy facial scrub or buffer pads. Be careful when selecting an exfoliating product, as it is very easy to go overboard and treat the skin too roughly. Stay away from products containing ground up nut shells or apricot shells, as these have jagged edges that could damage the skin. Try a product with exfoliating beads instead, which are round and much gentler. Exfoliate with a scrub or a buffing pad only once or twice a week.

Chemical exfoliation These use Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) or Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) to loosen and remove dead skin cells. With chemical exfoliation, less is more. Use these lotions sparingly, as it is very easy to irritate the skin. If your skin becomes red and flaky or stings excessively, reduce the amount of product you’re using or apply it every other day instead of daily. Alpha hydroxy creams and lotions may help with fine lines, irregular pigmentation and age spots and may improve the appearance of pores by dissolving dirt and oil. Beta hydroxy acid (or salicylic acid) tends to be gentler on the skin and also does a good job at improving texture and skin tone.

Face MasksA facial mask takes place after cleansing, skin analysis, exfoliation, extractions and massage during a professional facial. Facial masks treat your particular skin type or condition. For instance, if you're dry or dehydrated, the facial mask should hydrate your skin. If your skin is red or inflamed, the mask should calm and soothe. If your skin is oily and congested, the facial mask can help draw out impurities from the skin.Facial masks generally stay on your skin for 10-15 minutes and contain ingredients like clay, black moor mud, aloe vera, seaweed, algae, essential oils, massage oils, herbs and vitamins

Clay Masks • help draw oil and dirt to the surface of the skin. They contain clay, kaolin or bentonite for their

tightening and sebum-absorbing effects.

Cream Masks • or gel masks, are formulated to hydrate and nourish the skin.

Setting Masks • harden into a rubbery state and aesthetician peels them off at the end. These are cool and refreshing

masks, but not that common because they're tricky to work with

Masks

Face Serums & Eye TreatmentsFace SerumsA face serum is a clear, thick, liquid beauty product often formulated to target a specific problem. Some people use them to help reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and dark spots, while others choose formulas that help prevent acne and brighten the skin. A serum may contain many different ingredients, including vitamin C, rosehip oil, glycerine, cucumber, and aloe.Though serums and moisturizers are similar, there are some significant differences between the two. Face serums are extremely concentrated, which is part of why so little is needed. They are also made of very small molecules, which allow them to penetrate deeply into the skin, smoothing and healing from the inside out.Moisturizers, on the other hand, are designed to stay on the top layer of skin, keeping the surface hydrated. They help keep the skin from being dry, flaky, and dull, making it look soft and supple. Some face serum formulas also contain moisturizers, eliminating the need for an additional product

Eye CreamsBecause the skin around your eyes is thinner, and because of all the tiny muscles in the area, it's more sensitive and prone to a variety of issues, like puffiness, discoloration, and fine lines and wrinkles. Plus, there are minimal oil glands around your eyes to help keep the skin naturally hydrated, so finding the right eye cream can help ward off numerous complexion concerns. • Dark Circles• Fine Lines• Wrinkles• Soothing• Calming• Puffiness

• After washing your face in the morning, what time of day do you notice it looks or feels oily? The earlier in the day, the more likely the client is an oily type; if it’s not until later in the afternoon or never, they are likely a drier type.

• Do you prefer a foaming cleanser, or would you rather use a creamy non-foaming wash?

• Which products, such as bar soaps, alpha hydroxy serums, retinol products or harsh cleansers or toners, are you currently using?

• Do you break out? When, where and how often? What do you experience: pustules, papules, rashes or redness?

• Are you using any skin care products or medicines prescribed by a physician?

• In what type of climate do you live? In a more humid environment, the skin retains more moisture, reducing barrier function and increasing the penetration of ingredients.

• Is there seasonal climate variation? For example, cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers usually require two different skin care regimens.

• Do you have a history of underlying disease, such as diabetes, allergies or atrophy?

• Do you have a history of reaction to any products applied to skin?

Examples of Client Consultation Questions

The Importance Of HygieneEvery beauty treatment and service needs a work area that is clean, tidy, hygienic and Inviting. This section is about preparing and maintaining the work area for skincare consultations, makeup, nail, facial and eye treatments. Setting up involves preparing the tools, equipment and materials needed to carry out the treatment, as well as the seating arrangements for the client and Beauty Consultant. You will also learn about the disposal of waste after treatments, client records and the importance of your personal hygiene and appearance.

Preparation:• Consultation Card / Pen• Customer File Card• Tissues• Cotton Wool• Cotton Buds• Spatulas• Sanitizer / handwash• Wipes

Cleaning your handsExplain to the customer that you are going to wash your hands as this gives her confidence in your cleanliness. Make sure that you dry your hands thoroughly, because wet hands are not clean hands.

Once you are sure you are work station is set up you are ready for your first customer……Good Luck!

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