26 8 Vol.26 No.8 2007 8 Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering Aug.2007

2006112120070126 (50539110)(973)(2002CB412707) (1981)2003 E-mailwtzheng@hhu.edu.cn

1 1 1 2

(1. 2100982. 310014)

AutoCAD AutoLisp AutoCAD ITASCA (FLAC3D 3DEC) 3DEC 3DEC FISH AutoCAD AutoLISP 3DEC P 642 A 10006915(2007)08163312

3D GEOLOGICAL VISUALIZATION AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF COMPLICATED SLOPE

ZHENG Wentang1XU Weiya1TONG Fuguo1SHI Anchi2

(1. Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210098China2. East China Investigation and Design InstituteChina Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co.HangzhouZhejiang 310014China)

AbstractThe construction of the 3D visualization model and the numerical model of rock slope is critical in geotechnicalhydroelectric and hydropower projects. The 3D visualization model not only illustrates the spatial combination of structural plane in slopebut also discloses the macroscopic failure mode of slope. The combination and transition between the visualization model and the numerical model can indicate the simulation and dynamic modification of geological information. Based on AutoCAD platformAutoLisp program and interpolation method of MLSM are used to generate the 3D visualization model. Moreoverthe interface to the numerical model is discussed. This technique well combines the excellent graphic manipulation of AutoCAD and the general numerical softwares FLAC3D and 3DEC of ITASCA Ltd.. Besidesthe model can adapt the technique to change the geological information. Combined with the discrete element method for deformable bodiesthe technique has been well applied to the water intake high slope in Baihetan Hydropower Station. FISH program in 3DEC and AutoLISP program in AutoCAD are combined to improve the functions of preprocessing and post processing of 3DEC. The anchorage method in 3DECvisualization of contour chart and nephogram of 3D displacement and plastic zone are discussed. Key wordsslope engineeringmoving least squares method(MLSM)3D visualization modeldiscrete element method(DEM)numerical modelplastic zone

1634 2007 1

GoCADLYNXEarthVisionCtechMicromineMineMapVulcan3D Earth ModelingGemCom3DGMSFEFLOW 20 90 [19][10]( GMS )[1112] NURBS [1314] GIS MAPGIS-TDE

KrigingDelaunay Polymesh Shepard Multiquadric [15] Kriging [16] [17] Delaunay [18] Shepard [19] Multiquadric Golden Surfer 12 (ESRI)GISArcGIS 5

(moving least squares methodMLSM)

MLSM 1981 P. Lancaster K. Salkauskas[20] MLSM MLSM [21] MLSM [22] MLSM

AutoCAD (AutoLisp)[23]AutoCAD MLSMAutoCAD Itasca FLAC3D[24] 3DEC [25] 3DEC FISH 2 2.1

AutoCAD DWG

AutoCAD AutoLisp AutoLisp AutoCAD LISP LISP AutoLisp LISP AutoCAD AutoLisp DWG DXF

AutoCAD DWG Polyline AutoLisp MLSM

MLSM

26 8 . 1635

MLSM )(X ( T}{ yx=X ) )(~ X n

)21()( niii ^^^== X (1) )()()()()(~ T

1

XaXpXXX ===

j

m

jj ap (2)

)(Xp m )(Xa m )(Xp

=

==

=

)3(}

1{

)3(}1{

)3(}1{

)(

T32

2322

T22

T

myxy

yxxyxyxyx

myxyxyx

myx

Xp

(3) )(Xa

A )()()( 1 XBXXa = (4)

)()()()( T1

i

n

iiiA XpXpXX

== (5)

^^^)()()()({)( 2211 XpXXpXXB = )}()( nn XpX (6)

T21 } { nuuu L= (7)

)(Xi i T}{ yx=X

(4)(2) A )()()()(~ 1T XBXXpX = (8)

)(~ X )(Xn j

m

jjn

==

1

)()(~ XX (9)

(8)(9)

=

=m

jij

ji Apn1

1 )]()()[()( XBXXX (10)

)(Xi

(1) (2)

0

(3)

+=

)( 0

) ( 1)(

min

min2min

2

2min

22

2min

rr

rrrr

rrr

r

i

i

k

i

iii

(11)

ir iX X iir XX = minr i k

)( ii r i i 0= MLSM

ii =)(~ X (12a)

)21()( njin ijji ^^^== X (12b)

MLSM 3 )(Xp )(1 XA

)(XB )(Xp )(1 XA X

)(XB X X )(1 XA )(XB

k )(1 XA )(Xp )(XB

AutoCAD 3DFACE

(1)

(2)

(3) 2.2

3DFACE

1636 2007

AutoCAD FLAC3D 3DEC 2.3

AutoCAD3DFACEREGIONSOLID3DFACE3DEC

AutoLisp3DEC 3

2 () 1 700900 m 2 2 9 (C3C11)3 (F4F15F16) 2 (f238f239) 3.1 CAD

MLSM

1 Fig.1 Sketch of water intake rock slope

2 AutoCAD

Fig.2 AutoCAD diagrammatic sketch of water intake rock slope with incomplete contour lines and 3D visualization excavated model with interpolation and fitting

AutoCAD 3DFACE 3DFACE AutoCAD 2

AutoCAD AutoCAD 3 4

5 PD711 +80 m F15 PD714 +113 m F16 PD715+46 m F16

C5

C8C9C10C11

F16

C4

C7

C6

x

y

zx

y

z

26 8 . 1637

3 AutoCAD Fig.3 AutoCAD view of excavation and application of bolts

4 AutoCAD Fig.4 AutoCAD visualization diagrams of diversion tunnel

adit and underground powerhouse

5 Fig.5 Attitudes of structural planes controlled by

outcrops from adits

F16F15F4f238f239 C3C11 6 F16F15 F4 PD712 PD713 PD712 f238f239

6 AutoCAD Fig.6 Sketch of AutoCAD visualization of interformational

disturbed belts and faults

3.2 FLAC3D

( FLAC3D) 3DFACE AutoCAD 7 FLAC3D 3DFACE

7 AutoCAD

Fig.7 Mesh of typical sections of AutoCAD visualization model

[2627] FLAC3D FLAC3D (call) AutoCAD FLAC3D( FLAC3D) FLAC3D

FLAC3D brick()wedge()pyramid()

x

y

z

x

y

z

x

y

z

PD711 PD714

f238

PD715

PD713

PD712

F4(N45ENW85)F16(N5580WNE(SW)8090)PD716

F15(N50WSW8090)

x

y

z

x

y

z

1638 2007

tetrahedral() 8 4 1 FLAC3D impgrid

8 FLAC3D

Fig.8 Sketch of typical elements from FLAC3D numerical model

1 FLAC3D Table 1 Data structure in FLAC3D model

* GRIDPOINTS

1 G 1 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0

2 G 2 5.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0

M M

1

32 G 23 32.500 0 2.500 0 7.000 0

* ZONES

brick Z 1 1 2 4 5 3 8 6 7

wedge Z 2 9 11 12 10 14 13

pyramid Z 3 15 16 18 19 17

2

tetrahedral Z 4 20 21 22 23

* GROUPS

1 ZGROUP 1

1

M M

4 ZGROUP 4

3

4

1 4

4 23 1 xyz 2

B8 brick W6 wedge P5 pyramid T4 tetrahedral FLAC3D 1 8 3

1 ( 7)FLAC3D 9

(a)

(b)

9 FLAC3DFig.9 Sketch of 2D and 3D excavated FLAC3D numerical

models

3.3 3DEC [28] VII

3DEC AutoCAD AutoLisp

26 8 . 1639

3DEC (poly)(jset)(tunnel)

brick 2 6 brick AutoCAD 3DFACE (dd)(dip)(origin) persistence TUNNEL

2 3DEC

Table 2 Fundamental grammatical structures of modeling program in 3DEC

POLY & face (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3) & face (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3) &

face (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3)

JSET id n dd a dip b persistence p & Origin (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3)

TUNNEL & a (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3) & b (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) (x3y3z3)

3DEC 3 3DFACE 2 brick 3DEC 10 4 4.1

DDA[29](distinct element method) 20 70 P. A. Cundall[30][31]1980 P. A. Cundall

10 3DEC brick

Fig.10 Sketch of generated jointexcavated model of brick block and complicated rock slope in 3DEC

[32] Itasca P. A. Cundall UDEC 3DEC PFC [33] 1986 [3437] TRUDEC[38]

()

[3941] Itasca 2003 3DEC (3.0 )()

1640 2007

4.2 3DEC

AutoCAD 3DEC (3.0 ) 11

11 Fig.11 Sketch of 3D discrete element numerical model of

water-intake high rock slope

AutoCAD 3DEC (region) 3DEC (material) 3DEC T1f C3C11 3 3DEC 12 3 4.3 3DEC

AutoCAD (AutoLISP ) AutoCAD 3DEC 3DEC 13

12 Fig.12 Excavated surfaces and structural planes of 3D discrete

element numerical model

3 Table 3 Classification and proposal parameters of structural

planes of slope

/

ff cc /MPa

0.700.75 0.500.55

0.300.500.200.35

0.500.55 0.330.40

0.100.150.060.09

F16F15F4

0.390.45 0.300.35

0.050.100.020.07

C3C11f 238f 239

13 AutoCAD 3DEC Fig.13 Anchorage scheme of visualization model in

AutoCAD and numerical model in 3DEC

AutoCAD AutoLISP 4 4 1DWGLINE 2 1011 8 33DEC ( 4 ) 4

N

e U

1238 1239

F15 F16

F4

C11C10C9C8C7C6

C5C4C3

26 8 . 1641

4

Table 4 Fundamental grammatical structure of extracting information of cables in AutoLISP

1 SelData (ssget "X" (cons 0 "LINE")) BoltSelect (cadar (ssnamex SelData 0))

2

(setq BoltData (entget BoltSelect )) (setq BoltType (cdr (assoc 8 BoltSelect)) (setq BoltHead (assoc 10 BoltData)) (setq BoltEnd (assoc 11 BoltData))

(AutoLISP)

3

(setq BoltHeadXcoordination (cadr BoltHead)) (setq BoltHeadYcoordination (caddr BoltHead)) (setq BoltHeadZcoordination (cadddr BoltHead))(setq BoltEndXcoordination (cadr BoltEnd)) (setq BoltEndYcoordination (caddr BoltEnd)) (setq BoltEndZcoordination (cadddr BoltEnd))

(FISH)

4 STRUCT Cable id num & (x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) & SEG ns PROP n

(x1y1z1) (x2y2z2) cable id cable SEG cable PROP TENS cable 4.4

AutoCAD F16 f238f239 14

14 Fig.14 Sketch of combining forms of structural planes and

selected section

22 22

14 3DEC 3DEC FISH AutoCAD AutoLISP FISH AutoLISP

15 F16 ( 16) 10 mm

15 (mm) Fig.15 Vectorgraph of resultant displacement after excavation

and anchorage of selected section(unitmm)

(a)

(b)

16 Fig.16 3D contour and nephogram of resultant displacement

after excavation and anchorage

1642 2007

3DEC 3DEC FISHAutoCADAutoLISPFISH AutoLISP 3DFACE 17 AutoLISP 5 17

17 AutoCAD Fig.17 Sketch of distribution of 3D plastic zones in AutoCAD

after excavation

5 AutoLISP Table 5 Fundamental grammatical structure of generating 3D

plastic zones with AutoLISP

1

(entmake (list(0. "LINE")

(8.)) (62. "color") (cons 10 (list x1y1z1)) (cons 11 (list x2y2z2))))

2

(entmake (list(0. "3DFACE")

(8. "3DEC ") (62. "color") (cons 10 (list x1y1z1)) (cons 11 (list x2y2z2)) (cons 12 (list x3y3z3)) (cons 13 (list x4y4z4))))

5 1 AutoCAD

2 3DFACE

5

AutoCAD

(AutoLisp) DWG MLSM AutoCAD ITASCA FLAC3D 3DEC AutoCAD ITASCA AutoCAD AutoCAD ITASCA

3DEC 3DEC AutoLISP FISH AutoCAD

(1) AutoCAD DWG 3DMAX OpenGL

(2)

26 8 . 1643

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