Parque Nacional M a n u th rough the BIODIVER- S T Y PROGRAM of the Smithsonian Institution, Programa BlOLAT for the project 'Ictiofauna de1 Parque Nacional Manu' f rom 19881993. Research facilities were provided b y the Museo d e Histo- ria Natural d e la Universidad Nacional Mayor d e San Marcos, a n d the Smithsonian Institution. W e thank I. Samanez, F. Chang, F. Rodnguez a n d A. Vásquez for heIp in collecting specirnens of the n e w speaes . Populat ion samples of com- parative ou tgroup glandulocaudines were m a d e available b y a w i d e variety of people a n d institu- tions previously thanked in ~ e i t z m a n & Fink (1985: 11-12), Weitzman (1987: 120), Weitzman e t al. (1988: 426), Menezes & Weitzman (1990: 425), a n d Weitzman e t a1 (1994: 63). T h e osteological drawings were prepared b y Diane Mahaney of Alexandria, Virginia. Lisa Palmer, Division of F i h e s , prepared x-ray negatives a n d cleared a n d stained specimens. Antony Harold, Thomas A. Munroe, Richard P. Vari, a n d t w o journal review- ers read the manuscript . AI1 offered valuable suggestions.

Literature Cited

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Receivd i3 August 1994 Revwd 18 January 1995

Accepted 16 January 1995

Weitzman h Ortega: Tyttochnrnx tnmboptensis

- ' CADASTRADO BASE DE DADOS

Ichthyol. Explor. Fr~hwaters. Vol 6, No. 2. pp. 149-170.21 figs., 6 tabs., August 1995 Q 1W5 by Verlag Dr. friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, FRC - 1SSN W%9902 IIIOIAOC;Y

Three new cichlid species from southem Amazonia: Aequidens gerciliae, A. epae and A. michaeli

Sven O. Kullander*

Aequidens gerciliae, new species, is collected in the upper Rio Anpuanà and is distinguished from similar species by its high lateral scale count (25). the usually very wide lateral band, and the dark lower head of adults. It is sympatric with a distinctive population of Aequidens tetramerus, similar to A . tetramerus reported hom the Madre de Dios drainage in Peru. Aeqiiidens epae, new species, is collected in the lower Rio Tapajós and distinguished by having the dark bar above the midlateral spot caudad slanting. Aequidens michaeli, new species, is collected in the lower Rio Xingu and is notable for severa1 colour pattern characteristics including the lack of a sc-calld cheek spot. With A . gerciliae there are eleven endemic fish species reported hom the upper Rio Anpuanà.

Introduction

Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray is a widely distrib- u ted cis-Andean South American genus wi th twelve species currently considered valid, a n d about ten undescribed species. The genus is deal t wi th to s o m e length b y Kullander (1984a, 1984b, 1986), Kullander & Ferreira (1991) a n d Kullander & Nijssen (1989). The three species reported be- l o w were chosen for description in one paper a s they a re relatively similar to each other a n d be- long t o three adjacent south bank Amazon hib- utaries in Brazil. O n e species has been analyzed ecologically (Soares, 1980) a n d another species w a s recently inhoduced a s aquarium fish (Stawi- kowski, 1991).

Aequidens species separate into a number of morphological groups. O n e group, consisting of A . p l l i d u s (Heckel) and A . tubicen Kuiiander &

Ferreira, w a s diagnosed b y Kullander & Ferreira (1991), referring t o a high number of vertebrae (14+13=27; in other Aeqiridens generally 12+13=25 o r 13+13=26) a n d three colour pattern characters (lateral band positioned more dorsally a n d the midlateral spot positioned more postenorly than in other Aequidens species, a n d the caudal spo t preceded b y a large light spo t a t the dorsal mar- gin of the caudal peduncle).

The species described in this paper share wi th A . pnllidus a n d A . tubicen the possession of elab- orate cheek ornarnentation, referred to a s buccal stripes, m a d e u p of b lue o r green iridescent spots o r stripes o n the cheek a n d giii cover. This o m a - mentation is aiso found in A . d i u d e m (Heckel), A . pztricki Kullander, A . rnetne Eigenmann, the undescribed Peruv ian species referred t o a s A . diaderna b y Kullander (1986) (cf. Kuiiander & Ferreira, 1991), bu t no t in a n y of the other Aequi-

' Departrnent of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50M)7,5-10405 Stockholm, Çweden.

Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaterç, Vol. 6, No. 2