Fl Wright Report

7/30/2019 Fl Wright Report

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Frank Lloyd

Wright(1867-1959)

- DHRUV BANSAL10110014B.ARCH 3RD YR


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Early life

??Frank Lloyd Wright was born in the farming town of Richland Center,Wisconsin, United States, in 1867 and named Frank LincolnWright.

? His father, William Carey Wright (18251904), was a locally admiredorator, music teacher,occasional lawyer, and itinerant minister.

? His mother Anna Lloyd Jones was a county school teacher.

Education

??Wright attended a Madison high school, but there is no evidence he ever graduated.??He was admitted to the University of WisconsinMadison as a special student in 1886.

There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, tookclasses part-time for two semesters, andworked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover.

? In 1887, Wright left the school without taking a degree (although he was granted anhonorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from the University in 1955)

Work

? In 1887 Frank Lloyd Wright arrived in Chicago in search of employment.Within days,and after interviews with several prominent firms, he was hired as a draftsman with thearchitectural firm of Joseph Lyman Silsbee.

? Other draftsmen who worked for Silsbee in 1887 included future architects CecilCorwin, George W.Maher, and George G. Elmslie. Wright soon befriended Corwin, with

whom helived until he found a permanent home.

? Still, Wright aspired for more progressive work. After less than a year had passed inSilsbee's office, Wright learned that the Chicago firm of Adler & Sullivan was "lookingfor someone to make the finish drawings for the interior of the Auditorium [Building]".Wright demonstrated that he was a competent impressionist of Louis Sullivan'sornamental designs and two short interviews later, was an official apprentice in the firm.

? Here he started taking projects refused by firm.In this attempthe broke the contract andwas asked to leave the firm. After leaving Louis Sullivan, Wright established his ownpractice on the top floor of the Sullivan designed Schiller Building

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT


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Philosophy

Form and Function are one

Broad stone masses chimneys , walls , and piers throughout the plan could do the work of carrying floors and roofs , leaving external wallsfree to be harmoniously arranged .

Use of roof projections, overhangs and cantilever.

Use of straight lines for private residences and curve line for publicbuildings

use of cantilever

use of curved lines in GRADY GAMMAGEMEMORIAL AUDITORIUM

use of straight lines in WINSLOW HOUSE


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Organic architecture

There are four elements of organic architecture:

First: people live close to nature : Here he alsoapplies the concept of outside inside .

Second: nature is a source of design inspiration.

Zimmerman House is open to nature

Guggenheim Museum inspired from snail shell


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Third: Local materials are used in their natural (raw )form.

Fourth: going with the natural climate rather than fixing artificial one.

Use of local material inHoward Anthony House


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Falling Water

? FallingwaterorKaufmann Residence is a house designed

byarchitect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural South

westernPennsylvania, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of

Pittsburgh. The home was built partly over a waterfall on

Bear Runin the Mill Run section of Stewart Township,

Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in the Laurel Highlands

of the AlleghenyMountains.

?? Edgar Kaufmann Sr. was a successful Pittsburgh

businessman and president of Kaufmann's Department

Store. His son, Edgar Kaufmann, Jr., studied architecture

briefly under Wright

? The Kaufmanns owned property outside Pittsburgh with

a waterfall and cabins they used as a rural retreat. When

the cabinsdeteriorated, Mr. Kaufmann contacted Wright.

?

?In November 1934, Wright visited BearRun and asked for a survey of the areaaround the waterfall. including all the

site's boulders, trees and topography,

and it was forwarded to Wright in March

1935.

?On 22 September 1935 ,nine monthsafter their initial meeting, they again met

It was at this time that Kaufmann first

became aware that Wright intended to

build the home above the falls,rather

thanbelow them to afford a view of the

cascades as he had expected.

?It is said that Kaufmann was initally very

upset that Wright had designed the

house to sit atop the falls. He had

wanted the house located on the

southern bank of Bear Run, directly

facing the falls.He had told Wright that

was his favorite aspect of the Bear Run

property.

Original site


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Planning

Orientation

Wright oriented the house to southeast as he preferredextending floors in horizontal bands.

First Floor Planningan open living room and compact kitchen


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Second floor planning

Three small bedroom

Third Floor Planning

Study room and bedroom of Kauffmans adult son


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Some Design features

?The most important feature is the terrace cantilevered above the rocky

ledge which defy gravity.

?The ceilings of the rooms are low, reaching only up to 64? in some places, in

order to direct the eye horizontally to look outside.


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?Use of space along the staircase for keeping books

?Second floor terrace


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Use of local materials

?All the stone used at falling water was quarried at 500 feet west of the waterfall.

?steel was painted red so it resemble iron ore.

?Pale ochre color of the concrete was used to match the back of a fallenrhododendron leaf


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Interiors

?A lot of glass has been used to bring outside inside

?Local stone is used for cladding and flooring

study room

Kitchen Living room

fireplace Bedroom

view of flowing water from inside


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Criticism

?The inhabitants instead of having a wonderful view of the fall cant even

see it with the house right on the top of the falls.

?Sometimes the noise of falling water becomes irritating.


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? Guggenheim Museum

? The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum(often referred to as "The Guggenheim") is a well-known

art museum located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.

? The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the

Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von

Rebay. It adopted its current name after the death of its founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, in

1952.

? Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building, wider at the top than the

bottom, was conceived as a "temple of the spirit" and is one of the 20th century's most important

architectural landmarks. The building opened on October 21, 1959, replacing rented spaces

used by the museum since its founding.


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Guggenheim in Manhattans skyline

?Frank Lloyd Wright was no fan of Manhattan. He once

described it as a vast prison with glass fronts. For Wrightthe saving grace for the museum's site was its proximity toCentral Park. As close to nature as one gets in New York,the park afforded relief from the noise and congestion of theCity.

?Whereas the rest of Fifth Avenue presents buildings thatare rectangular, vertical, and decorated with bits of

ornamentation, the Guggenheim counters this regularitywith its circular, horizontal, and sculpted facade.


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?He conceived of the museum as an airy, open place where visitowould not have to retrace their steps.

?Wright whisked people to the top of the building via elevator, proceedingdownward at a leisurely pace on the gentle slope of a continuous ramp.

Frank Lloyd Wrights perception about museum


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?The galleries were divided like the membranes in citrus fruit, withself-contained yet interdependent sections

?The open rotunda afforded viewers the unique possibility of seeing several bays of work on different levels simultaneously

.

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?Fulfilling the concept of organic architecture to make use of natural climate there is Skylight in the centre of the museum which provides ample amount of light.

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Space is sufficient for keeping sculpture.


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Criticism

?Some people, especially artists, criticized Wright for creating a museumenvironment that might overpower the art inside

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Challenges are presented by continuous spiral ramp gallery that is bothtilted and has non-vertical curved walls.

?Any vertical object appears tilted because the slope of the floor and thecurvature of the walls could combine to produce vexing optical illusion.

Documents

Fl Wright Report