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Five Slides About: Toulmin’s Argumentation Scheme
Created by Kate Plass, Franklin & Marshall College, [email protected] and posted on VIPEr on July, 2015, Copyright Kate Plass, 2015. This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/about/license/
Explaining concepts
F is more electronegative
than O
Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?
Explaining concepts
Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the
right of O
F is more electronegative
than O
Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?
What connects these?
The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the
position of an element within a period shifts to the right.
Explaining concepts
Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the
right of O
F is more electronegative
than O
Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?
The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the
position of an element within a period shifts to the right.
Explaining concepts
Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the
right of O
F is more electronegative
than O
Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?
But why is this?
The periodic trend is that electronegativity increases as the
position of an element within a period shifts to the right.
Explaining concepts
Look at periodic table, observe that F is to the
right of O
F is more electronegative
than O
Which species is more electronegative, O or F? Why?
The observed electronegativity trend is a consequence of the increased electrostatic attraction experienced by electrons neighboring F as compare to O. In comparison to O, F has one more proton in the
nucleus and one electron added to the same shell (n = 2). Because the added electron does not significantly shield other electrons from the nucleus, the result is a net increase in the effective charge and the
electrostatic attraction that a F nucleus exerts on nearby electrons of other atoms.
WarrantExplanation of how data leads to the
claim
Toulmin’s Argumentation Scheme
DataEvidence, observations,
facts, procedures
Claim
BackingExplanation of why warrant has authority
WarrantWhat are the trends, equations, relationships
you are using?Give the data and warrant (usually ~1-2
sentences) on exams in response to “How do you know?”
How do we apply this?
DataWhat do you see? What
do you measure?
Claim
BackingWhat is the fundamental physical reason? How do we relate this to a
chemical theory? In response to requests for a “logical explanation with a fundamental physical basis”, give the backing and use the data and warrant to trace the logical
connection to the claim.
