FISO Telecon 21 October 2015

ENABLING RESEARCH ON THE ISS NATIONAL LAB FOR THE BENEFIT OF EARTH Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS)

MICHAEL ROBERTS, PHD • SENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST MROBERTS@ISS-CASIS.ORG

FISO Telecon 21 October 2015

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ISS NATIONAL LAB CONCEPT

The Shuttle is conceived to build an “orbiting station”

The vision for the station takes shape: discovery science, interdisciplinary cooperation in R&D, commercial / industrial use

1960s

1980s-early ‘90s

NASA HQ lays groundwork for NGO management of station utilization

1997

Pres. Clinton announces plan for NGO management of station research—shortly after, discussion of National Lab gain traction

2000

Congress designates the U.S. portion of the station a National Lab

2005

NASA Authorization Act mandates creation of a nonprofit NGO to manage the National Lab

2010

NASA issues a competitive call for a “cooperative agreement”, and CASIS begins operations in summer 2011

2011

1960 1970 1980 1990

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CASIS AND THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

Creating opportunities for research and discovery in space targeted to definitive impacts here on Earth The opportunities are wide-ranging:

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ISS STAKEHOLDERS

Research enabled by access to space: scientific research in the life and physical sciences that takes advantage of unique aspects of the space environment to significantly advance fundamental scientific understanding.

Research that enables space exploration:

scientific research in the life and physical sciences needed to develop advanced

exploration technologies and

processes affected by operation in a space

environment.

Mission: Science in space for the benefit of Earth.

Mission: To advance exploration of the solar system, scientific

research, and enable commerce in space.

Mission: The use of ISS in support of

respective national goals.

HOW TO ENGAGE THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

Unsolicited Proposals

Sponsored Research Programs

Grand Challenges

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ISS NATIONAL LAB REVIEW PROCESS

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SCIENTIFICREVIEW

ECONOMICREVIEW

SOLICITEDPROPOSALS

UNSOLICITEDPROPOSALS

OTHERGOVERNMENT

AGENCIES

OGAMERIT/PEER

REVIEWPROCESS

CASISMERIT/PEER

REVIEWPROCESS

FLIGHTOPERATIONSPLANNING*

NSF

DOD NIHUSDA

DOE

*CASIS + Implementation Partners:Payload Development !Prioritization !Mission Integration !ISS National Lab

FLIGHT OPSREVIEW

Response toCASIS RFP

Submittedanytime

Submittedanytime

CASIS COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION

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CASIS RESEARCH ORGANIZATION PROJECTS

 Baylor College of Medicine

 MD Anderson

 Mayo Clinic

 Houston Methodist Research Institute

 NIH - NIAMS

 NSF

 National Space Biomedical Research Institute

 National Jewish Health

 Veterans Administration

 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Collaborative, multi-year, targeted, theme and unsolicited …

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INNOVATIVE STARTUPS USING ISS

  Neural Analytics – Non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure

  Quad Technologies – Stem cell separation technology

  Benevolent Technologies for Health – Low-cost reconfigurable material designed for prosthetic sockets

Ras Labs – Synthetic muscle and nanomaterials

Vecoy Nanomedicines – Nanomedicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis-C and other viral infections

  Silverside – Radiation detection technology

  Cam Med – Electrolysis generates bubbles in order to improve the methods of dosage control in a device that can deliver multiple medication through the skin

Novopyxis – Seeking to improve a drug delivery device by studying how the drugs penetrate and spread once they’ve entered a substance mimicking human skin

  SQZ Biotech – Novel method for delivering large molecules into cells by using a microfluidic chip to physically squeeze cells

MassChallenge Awards

Rice Business Plan Award   A-76 Technologies – Thin film protective coatings

DexMat – Carbon nanotube cables

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CASIS RESEARCH PORTFOLIO THRU FY15

Academic Commercial

OGA

57% 40%

3%

Tech Development

24%

Life Sciences 44%

Physical Sciences 20%

Remote Sensing

13%

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CASIS PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW

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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: MICROGRAVITY Microgravity alters many observable phenomena

Space Earth

Flame structure in space !Thermocapillary flows!

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Swan et al. PNAS 109(40); 2012

Other images courtesy of NASA

!Breast cancer tumor cells

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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: EXTREME CONDITIONS

Exposure to •  Extreme thermal cycling

• Ultra-vacuum

• Atomic oxygen

• High energy radiation

• Debris impact

AO satellite-preservation technique used for art restoration

Radiation-induced darkening Structural degradation

Debris damage

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THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT: LOW EARTH ORBIT •  Orbital path over 90% of Earth’s population •  Altitude ~240 mi (400km) •  Improved spatial resolution •  Variable lighting conditions

Oct 12, 2010 Oct 17, 2010

X-ray nova

Space remote sensing: X-ray monitoring

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BIOSCIENCE National Lab Opportunities

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LIVING IN SPACE AFFECTS HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY IN WAYS THAT MIMIC SOME EFFECTS OF AGING

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THE TWINS STUDY: NASA’S FIRST INTEGRATED OMICS STUDY

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“To capitalize on this unique opportunity, NASA’s Human Research Program (HRP) and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) initiated a pilot demonstration project focused on the use of integrated human -omic analyses to better understand the biomolecular responses to the physical, physiological, and environmental stressors associated with spaceflight.”

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HUMAN HEALTH UNDER SPACEFLIGHT CONDITIONS

 Muscle wasting   Muscle mass and strength decline similar to Sarcopenia

  Rodent model to evaluate pre-clinical therapeutics  Osteoporosis   Bone mineral density decreases more rapidly

  Rodents, medaka, and quail models for accelerated testing  Cancer   Stem cells accelerated proliferation and improved differentiation

  Elucidation of critical mechanisms through cell/tissue culture  Immune Response   Alteration in lymphocytes, cytokines, granulocytes and T-cells

  Increased microbial virulence

  Cell culture/animal models for therapeutic evaluation

Disease Analogs 2012 Medicines in Development

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CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE

  Loss of gravity-dependent convection

 Negligible hydro-dynamic shear

  Lack of sedimentation

 Cells colocate, coalesce and form complex multicellular aggregates and organoids, which can be sustained for days or months in microgravity

 Crystals form and are more pure, uniform and much larger

MICROGRAVITY CULTURE CONDITIONS

THEREBY…

Zeolite – Earth (right); microgravity (left)

Observed evidence of enhanced cancer-matrix interaction with prostate cancer cells forming golf ball-size tumor aggregates in space when compared to the same 3-D culture under microgravity simulated growth conditions on Earth. – courtesy Dr. Leland Chung

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CANCER BIOLOGY IN SPACE

 Gene expression patterns “Taken together, this study shows that spaceflight experiments are of great value for cell biology research in general and for cancer research in particular. Our experiments indicate that microgravity, preferably real as in spaceflight, but also in some respects simulated on the RPM, induce changes in the expression and secretion of genes and proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and survival, shifting the cells toward a less aggressive phenotype. Further studies to investigate the involved mechanisms in more detail are expected to yield novel targets for cancer therapy, which may then be exploited in the form of new chemotherapeutics.” - Dr. Daniella Grimm, Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark

Harnessing spaceflight effects …

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GOOD HEALTH CAMPAIGN

Goals and objectives:

 Understanding the systems that underpin the transition from wellness to disease—where the process is accelerated by microgravity—so that interventions can be designed to improve health on Earth

 Leverage data, technology and resource infrastructure developed by NASA and other government agencies to ensure the highest probability of campaign success.

 Integrate systems biology and meta-data from humans and non-human models into an open science platform.

A CASIS initiative in partnership with NASA to translate observations in microgravity to health benefits on Earth

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HUMAN MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH

CASIS seeks to build an Astronaut Cohort for the Precision Medicine Initiative Consortium of Cohorts2

Expand the NASA Repository to include samples from US and international crew on the ISS

Enhance sample collection and preservation protocols to accommodate inclusion of astronaut data in omics based analyses for an Astronaut Longitudinal Study and the NIH Precision Medicine Initiative

Develop data and privacy standards for inclusion of crew data in the GeneLab Data System open-access repository.

The NASA Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) is a storage bank that is used to maintain biological specimens over extended periods of time and under well-controlled conditions. Samples from the ISS, including blood and urine, are collected, processed and archived during the preflight, in-flight and post-flight phases.1

1.  http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/981.html 2.  http://www.nih.gov/precisionmedicine/workshop.htm

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DISEASE MODELS FOR GOOD HEALTH

  Identify institutional partners for disease model resources on the ISS National Lab

 Define the required ISS resources and data requirements to generate integrated systems biology data to advance knowledge for transitions from wellness to disease

 Define Good Health reference missions to the ISS National Lab where model organisms and/or cell models for disease research can be flown to the ISS and exposed to microgravity to accelerate the onset and progression of disease.

In addition to crew, human disease priority areas for study by CASIS on the ISS

National Lab can be accommodated using model organisms (e.g., rodents,

zebra fish, fruit flies, roundworms, flatworms, yeast, etc.) and/or cell lines

adopted by the NIH and Science Definition Teams composed of nationally-

recognized researchers in specified disease areas.

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DISEASE MODELS FOR THE ISS NATIONAL LAB

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Image: Ranga et al. (2014) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 70:19–28

Image: Ranga et al. (2014) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 70:19–28

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ORGANS ON CHIPS RESEARCH

GRAND CHALLENGE – Due October 16, 2015

This funding opportunity seeks to accelerate the development of human microphysiological systems, tissue-on-chip, organ-on-chip, and related technologies that address challenges in predictive toxicity assessment during the preclinical phase of drug development or in tissue engineering for regenerative medicine to benefit human disease research on Earth. One or two respondents will be selected to share an award of up to $1M in research grant sponsorship to support a flight project to the ISS National Lab.

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THE FACILITIES National Lab Modules and Logistics

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ISS CARGO VEHICLES

Cygnus (Orbital) Cargo Capacity

2,000 kg

HTV (JAXA)

Cargo Capacity 5,500 kg

Dragon (SpaceX) Cargo Capacity 3,100 kg ascent

Progress (Russia) Cargo Capacity

2,250 kg

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SCIENCE HARDWARE

NASA ISS Microgravity GloveBox

Bioserve BioCell

Techshot CellCult

NASA ISS Freezer NASA WetLab2 PCR SmartCycler

Bioserve Space Bioproduct Lab - Incubator

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MATERIALS TESTING AND REMOTE SENSING National Lab Opportunities

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EXTERNAL PAYLOAD ATTACHMENT LOCATIONS

External Workstations (9) on the Russian Service Module

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External Sites on the U.S. Segment

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GOOD EARTH FRAMEWORK

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Enhanced Imagery Products

& Data Fusion

Hyperspectral SAR LiDAR Thermal

Supporting Technologies

Direct End-User Engagement

•  Diverse Sensors & Technologies •  TRL Advancement •  Commercial Application •  Humanitarian & STEM benefit

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GOOD EARTH “GAP ANALYSIS’

Investigation Areas:

•  Strengths and weaknesses of ISS as a remote sensing platform

•  Commercial applicability of NASA remote sensing science data

•  Market research on potential sensor technology demonstrations

Purpose:

•  Align Good Earth Strategy with ISS infrastructure & capability

•  Inform and prioritize CASIS BD outreach

•  Inform CASIS engagement with ISS Program Office

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SPONSORED PROGRAM: TARGETING YOUR ORGANIZATION’S CHALLENGE   Tailored program aimed at solving an organization’s challenge and/or driving new innovation by finding and flying cutting edge research   $0 program cost

  $7.4 million dollar value

  Minimal Time to investment

 Program elements   Identification of and outreach to best research and technology development resources

  Advertising and outreach to pool of relevant innovators

  Information and education sessions on program goals

  Cross-disciplinary and collaborative solution development

•  Subject matter expertise

•  Translations of ground based goals to space

 Branding

  ‘Space Is In It’ markings

  Custom flight patch

  Launch participation

  Media outreach

 STEM program wrappers

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THANK YOU

Explore CASIS Online: www.iss-casis.org

Photos provided courtesy of NASA. CASIS is the sole manager of the U.S. National Laboratory on the International Space Station.

/ISSCASIS @ISS_CASIS CASIS @ISS_CASIS

www.spacestationresearch.com

CASIS PROVIDES VALUE  Brainstorming with researchers to identify optimal projects

 Translation of ground based science goals to space based environment

 Use of labs (if needed) at Kennedy Space Center and other NASA facilities

 Logistics for data acquisition, sample recovery, data/software interfaces

 Transportation to and from the ISS

 Support of real-time, in-orbit operations (video, astronaut involvement, etc)

 Working with 3rd Party Hardware companies to provide hardware and facilities that support the project

 Coordinating contingency plans to preserve science objectives

AVERAGE VALUE OF $7.4 MILLION

MARKETING AND BRANDING OPPORTUNITY

 Branded campaigns around payloads

 Mission patches

 Trademarked product endorsement

 Showcases first to market/industry

 Brings awareness of ISS National Lab in R&D