Fisiologi-The Autonomic Nervous System-bshb14 (2)

7/24/2019 Fisiologi-The Autonomic Nervous System-bshb14 (2)

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Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

C h a p t e r

16

The Autonomic

Nervous System

PowerPoint Lecture Slidesprepared by Jason LaPres

Lone Star College - North Harris

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc,

pu!"ishing as Pearson #en$amin Cummings

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$bjecti5e

. Compare the organi6ation o7 the autonomic ner5ous system 8ith the

somatic ner5ous system.

2. Contrast the structures and 7unctions o7 the sympathetic and

parasympathetic di5isions o7 the autonomic ner5ous system.

-. %escribe the mechanisms o7 neurotransmitter release in the autonomic

ner5ous system.

. Compare the e77ects o7 the 5arious autonomic neurotransmitters on target

organs and tissues.

1. %iscuss the relationship bet8een the t8o di5isions o7 the autonomic ner5ous

system and the signi7icance o7 dual inner5ation.

. Eplain the importance o7 autonomic tone.:. %escribe the hierarchy o7 interacting le5els o7 control in the autonomic

ner5ous system.



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'n Introduction to the '!

omatic !er5ous ystem ;!< $perates under conscious control

eldom a77ects long=term sur5i5al

! controls s>eletal muscles

'utonomic !er5ous ystem ;'!, or limbs

Enter gray ramus

#eturn to spinal ner5e 7or distribution

Postganglionic 7ibers inner5ate e77ectors

8eat glands o7 s>in

mooth muscles in super7icial blood 5essels

Postganglionic 7ibers inner5ating structures in thoracic

ca5ity 7orm bundles

ympathetic ner5es

$rgani6ation and 'natomy o7 the


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ympathetic %i5ision

Each sympathetic chain ganglia contains

- cer5ical ganglia

0@2 thoracic ganglia

@1 lumbar ganglia

@1 sacral ganglia

coccygeal ganglion



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ympathetic %i5ision

*igure @1 "he %istribution o7 ympathetic Inner5ation.



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ympathetic %i5ision




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ympathetic %i5ision




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ympathetic %i5ision




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ympathetic %i5ision

ollateral !anglia #ecei5e sympathetic inner5ation 5ia

sympathetic preganglionic 7ibers

planchnic ner5es *ormed by preganglionic 7ibers that inner5ate

collateral ganglia

In dorsal 8all o7 abdominal ca5ity

$riginate as paired ganglia ;le7t and right o7 autonomic nerves

Preganglionic 7ibers 7rom lumbar segments

*orm splanchnic ner5es

End at in"erior mesenteric ganglion



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ympathetic %i5ision

Collateral 3anglia

Celiac ganglion

Pair o7 interconnected masses o7 gray matter

/ay 7orm single mass or many inter8o5en masses

Postganglionic 7ibers inner5ate stomach, li5er,

gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen



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ympathetic %i5ision

Collateral 3anglia

uperior mesenteric ganglion

!ear base o7 superior mesenteric artery

Postganglionic 7ibers inner5ate small intestine and

proimal 2F- o7 large intestine



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ympathetic %i5ision

Collateral 3anglia

In7erior mesenteric ganglion

!ear base o7 in7erior mesenteric artery

Postganglionic 7ibers pro5ide sympathetic

inner5ation to portions o7 large intestine, >idney,

urinary bladder, and se organs



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ympathetic %i5ision

Suprarenal #edullae

Preganglionic 7ibers entering suprarenal gland

proceed to center ;suprarenal medullaeletal muscles and the brain Produce 5asodilation and increased blood 7lo8

"h P th ti %i i i


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"he Parasympathetic %i5ision

'utonomic !uclei

're contained in the mesencephalon, pons,

and medulla oblongata

associated 8ith cranial ner5es III, (II, I,

In lateral gray horns o7 spinal segments 2@0

"he Paras mpathetic %i ision


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3anglionic !eurons in Peripheral 3anglia

Terminal ganglion

!ear target organ

&sually paired

Intramural ganglion

Embedded in tissues o7 target organ

Interconnected masses

Clusters o7 ganglion cells



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g y

Parasympathetic %i5ision

Parasympathetic preganglionic 7ibers lea5e brain as

components o7 cranial ner5es

III ;oculomotoridneys, urinary bladder, portions o7 large intestine, and the

se organs



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g yParasympathetic %i5ision

*igure @G "he %istribution o7 Parasympathetic Inner5ation.



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g yParasympathetic %i5ision

*igure @G "he %istribution o7 Parasympathetic Inner5ation.



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Parasympathetic 'cti5ation

Centers on relaation, 7ood processing, and

energy absorption

4ocali6ed e77ects, last a 7e8 seconds at most



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/ajor e77ects o7 parasympathetic di5ision include onstriction o" pupils

#estricts light entering eyes

Secretion ,y digestive glands

Eocrine and endocrine

Secretion o" hormones

!utrient absorption and utili6ation

hanges in ,lood "low and glandular activity

'ssociated 8ith seual arousal



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/ajor e77ects o7 parasympathetic di5ision include Increase in smooth muscle acti5ity along digesti5e

tract

%e7ecation? stimulation and coordination

Contraction o7 urinary bladder during urination

Constriction o7 respiratory passage8ays

#eduction in heart rate and 7orce o7 contraction



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'nabolic ystem

timulation increases nutrient content o7

blood

Cells absorb nutrients

Parasympathetic !eurons #elease 'Ch


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!euromuscular and !euroglandular Junctions

'll release 'Ch as neurotransmitter

mall, 8ith narro8 synaptic cle7ts

E77ects o7 stimulation are short li5ed

Inacti5ated by $hEat synapse

'Ch is also inacti5ated by pseudocholinesterase ;tissue

cholinesterase< in surrounding tissues



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/embrane #eceptors and #esponses

Nicotinic receptors

$n sur7aces o7 ganglion cells ;sympathetic and

parasympathetic


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/embrane #eceptors and #esponses #uscarinic receptors

't cholinergic neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions

;parasympathetic

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Fisiologi-The Autonomic Nervous System-bshb14 (2)