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8/2/2019 Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)
1/19
OH&S PREVENTION
For more informaon on the development and implementaon of this and other programs,
contact Prevenon Services at: (709) 778-1552 or toll free 1-800-563-9000
PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE:
The Workplace Health, Safety and
Compensaton Commission is developing
resource materials to help employers
and workers to carry out their
responsibilies for health and safety
in the workplace. This specific booklet,
Fishing Vessel Fire Safety, is designed
to provide an understanding of effecve
fire safety iniaves and emergency
response planning.
Fishing Vessel Fire Safety
Guide
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September 2011
Fishing Vessel Fire Safety
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Workplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission (the Commission) would like to acknowledge the ProfessionalFish Harvesters Cerficaon Board, the Fish, Food and Allied Workers Union, and the Marine Instute for their assistance with
development and distribuon of this booklet.
INFORMATION SOURCESWorkplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission
Prevenon Services
Phone: (709) 778-1552
Toll free 1 800 563-9000;
Department of Government Services
Occupaonal Health and Safety BranchPhone: (709) 729-2706
Or toll free 1-800-563-5471
Professional Fish Harvesters Cerficaon Board
Telephone: (709) 722-8170
Fax: (709) 722-8201
Email: [email protected]
DISCLAIMER
The Workplace Health, Safety and Compensaon Commission provides informaon and health and safety advisory services for
most aspects of occupaonal health and safety programming.
The informaon presented is subject to a disclaimer. It is intended to provide examples of general use and may not apply to every
circumstance. While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the informaon presented, the Commission
does not and cannot guarantee the accuracy thereof. The Commission does not warrant or assume any legal liability or
responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the informaon presented, nor for any acons taken in reliance
thereon. The Commission shall not be liable for any damage or loss arising out of the use of the informaon or the applicaon
of the concepts contained therein. All those using the informaon do so at their own risk and shall be deemed to indemnify the
Commission from any loss or damage arising from the use of the informaon.
The informaon presented is subject to jurisdiconal variaon and is always subject to change. Individuals or organizaons
responsible for working with the informaon presented are responsible for ensuring that all applicable standards and regulaonsare fulfilled. The informaon presented cannot and should not be considered a definive guide to government regulaons nor
does it relieve individuals or organizaons using the informaon from their responsibilies under any or all applicable legislaon.
www.whscc.nl.ca
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Table of Contents
Introducon ............................................................................................................................2
Nature of Fire ..........................................................................................................................3
Fire Protecon: The importance of vessel design ...................................................................4
Fire Prevenon ........................................................................................................................4
Fire Classificaon Chart ..........................................................................................................5
Fire Detecon .........................................................................................................................6
Firefighng ..............................................................................................................................7
Fire Exnguisher Chart ............................................................................................................9
Emergency Response Planning .............................................................................................11
F-I-R-E ...................................................................................................................................12
References ............................................................................................................................13
Fire Inspecon Checklist ..................................................................................................14-16
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PAGE 2
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PAGE 3
Nature of fire
Fire is a relationship between three components: Fuel, heat, and oxygen.
For fire to start in any combustible substance, each one of these components
must be present.
Fire Triangle:
Oxygen: Fire only requires 16% oxygen to support combustion. The air we breath
contains 21%.
Fuel: When a fuel, such as wood, cloth, or flammable gas becomes heated to itsignition point the material undergoes combustion.
Heat: A heat source can ignite a fire in two ways; providing a direct flame, or byheating a fuel to its ignition temperature via conduction, convection, or
radiation.
Once ignited, fire continues to grow through a process of chemical chain reactions.
Therefore, once started, there are four variables that sustain fire: fuel, oxygen, heat andchemical reactions. This is referred to as the Fire Tetrahedron.
Fire Tetrahedron:
Fire can be prevented by controlling the three variables in the fire triangle. Once ignited,
fire can be extinguished by controlling the four variables of the fire tetrahedron.
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PAGE 4
Fire protection: The importance of vessel design
Fire protection is an important aspect of vessel design. Structural fire protection refers
to elements in vessel design that are intended to prevent and protect against the spread
of fire. It is visible in construction practices like the use of bulkheads, using fire resistant
material, guarding or isolating fuel from heat sources, using fire doors or hatches, and in
the design of electrical systems, fuel systems, ventilation and cooling systems.
These engineering principles are incorporated during the construction and retrofitting
of a vessel. Good engineering will help protect against fire hazards, but there are no
guarantees. Good maintenance and inspection programs, along with other proactive
fire prevention strategies are also required.
Fire prevention
Most fires are caused by human action or lack of action. By being proactive, onboard
fires can be prevented!
Consider the following items:
Training. All crew members should receive training regarding the nature of fire, fire
hazard identification, fire prevention, fire fighting, and emergency procedures. Crew
members should also receive training on safe work practices and procedures that will
provide them with the knowledge to perform job tasks safely, such as refueling, vessel
maintenance, hot work (welding or burning), and the storage of flammable material.
Vessel Maintenance. A maintenance program involves good planning and the
identification of critical parts that are essential to vessel safety. These could include
items such as bearings, fuel lines, fittings, gear boxes, electrical systems, batteries, itemsrequiring regular lubrication, etc.Once you have established a list of the various parts that require ongoing maintenance
or repair you should develop a maintenance schedule that identifies which parts require
weekly, monthly or annual maintenance. By documenting your work in a maintenance
log book you will easily keep track of what has been accomplished and be better
prepared for the next round of scheduled maintenance.
Safety Inspections. An important part of fire prevention is conducting regular safety
inspections. This process will allow you to identify and control fire hazards. The bestpractice is to conduct a formal inspection, using a checklist to ensure that no area is
overlooked. Carefully inspect fire detection systems, fire extinguishers, and other life
saving equipment.
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PAGE 5
A sample fire inspection checklist has been provided at the back of this guide.
Housekeeping. Crewmembersmustensurethatalltrashispickedup,thatallspillsare
containedandcleanedup,andthatalloilyrags,paintingmaterial,andotherflammable
materialsareproperlystoredawayfromheatsources.Alsoensurethatallflammable
materialsare
properly
shored
to
prevent
shifting
while
at
sea.
Galley. Avesselsgalleyhasgreatpotentialforfireandshouldneverbeleftunattended
wheninuse.Mostgalleyfiresareduetopoorhousekeeping.Therefore,alltrashand
wastemustbeproperlydisposedofandyoushouldmonitorgreaseaccumulationand
ensurecleanliness.Allgalleystovesmustbesecuredtopreventmovement,andmustbe
fittedwithrailstorestrainmovementofcookingutensils.Allfuelsupplylinestoastove
mustalsobeequippedwithshutoffvalues.
Smoking. Caremustbetakenwhendiscardingcigarettesandmatches.Itisagood
practicetosoaksmokingmaterialswithwaterbeforediscardingthemandensurethat
thereisnosmokingintheengineroom,galley,sleepingquarters,orduringrefueling
operations.
Fire prevention by fire class. Fireisclassifiedintofivegeneralclassesbasedonthetype
offuelinvolved:
Type
of fireSymbol Fuel Prevention
Class
A
Wood,paper,cloths
etc.,
Goodhousekeeping Regularroundsofworkingpremises
Use
of
fire
retardant/fire
resistant
materials
Properlytrainedpersonnel
Class
B
Flammableliquidsand
gases
Properstorageofoilandflammableproducts Properlymaintainedfuelhandlingsystems Nosmoking Properlytrainedpersonnel
Class
C
Electricalcablesand
electricalmotors,
switchboardsetc.,
Properlymaintainedelectricalequipment Ensuringproperelectricalinsulationnonakedwires Usingweatherprooffittingswherenecessary Switchingoffelectricalequipmentwhennotinuse
(lights,fans,
air
conditioners
etc.)
Properlytrainedpersonnel
Class
D
Combustiblemetals
Understandingthecharacteristicsofonboardchemicalsandcombustiblemetalsandtheoperatingproceduresthat
mustbeimplementedforhandlingthesematerials.
Properlytrainedpersonnel
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PAGE 6
ClassK
Grease,cookingoils
Goodhousekeeping Emptygreasetrapsregularly Inspectandcleandirtyducts Ensureproperstorageofflammableitems Inspectforfaultyorfrayedelectricalcords Properlytrainedpersonnel
Class D Fires require special extinguishing agents produced for specific combustible metals. None
of the extinguishing agents mentioned in this booklet will effectively deal with Class D Fires.
Fire detection
Thepurposeoffiredetectionistoquicklydetectthepresenceoffireandprovide
awarningtooccupants.
There are two basic methods of fire detection:
1. Manual detection.Isdependentuponapersontodetectthepresenceoffire.Toassist,vesselownerscouldinstallclosedcircuittelevisionsinareassuchas
theengineroomorgalleysothattheseareascanbemonitoredfromthebridge.Ifa
fireisdiscovered,theindividualshouldshout:FIRE!FIRE!FIREoractivateanalarm
systembeforetryingtoextinguishafire.
2. Automatic detection.Referstothevarioustypesofalarmsystems.Therearemanydifferenttypesoffiredetectionsystems,eachwithadvantagesanddisadvantages.
Therefore,carefulconsiderationmustbegiventotheselectionandplacementof
firedetectionsystems.
The three main types of automatic fire detection are flame, heat and smoke detectors.
1. Flame detectorsdetectthepresenceofradiantenergygeneratedbyflamebyusinganultraviolet(UV)orinfrared(IR)sensor.Thesearesensitivedetectorsthatcanbe
setoffbyweldingorevendirectsunlight.
2. Heat detectorssensethermaloutputfromfireandcanbebasedonfixedtemperature(i.e.activatedwhentemperatureincreasesaboveaprogrammed
temperature)orrateofrise(i.e.candetectafastdevelopingfire).
3. Smoke detectorssensethepresenceofparticlesintheair.Therearetwobasictypesofsmokedetectors.
i. Photoelectric sensorsdetectthepresenceofsmokeparticles.Assuch,theyaresensitivetosmolderingfiresbutreactslowlytoflamingfires.
Thistypeofdetectorcannotbepoweredbybatteries.
ii. Ionization detectors detectcombustionproductslikecarbonparticles.Theyrespondwelltoflamingfirebutinsensitivetosmolderingfires.Unlike
photoelectricdetectors,ionizationdetectorscanbepoweredbybatteries.
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PAGE 7
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PAGE 8
Please consider the following chart regarding fire extinguishing agents:
Use correct procedures for the type of extinguisher you are using Never turn your back on a fire Never allow the fire to get between you and safety Always report usage of an extinguisher to the Master Once used, do not place the extinguisher back in its normal station replace
with new extinguisher as soon as possible
Another important factor is to ensure that the type of extinguisher provided is suitable
for the type of hazard likely to be encountered.
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PAGE 9
Extinguisher
Ty
pe
ofFire
Considerations
Colour
Type
Solids
(wood,paper,
cloth,etc)
Flammable
Liquid
Flammable
Gases
Electrical
Equipment
Coo
kingOils
a
ndFat
Pros
Cons
Recommendations
Excellent
cooling
properties
Conducts
electricity
Canspread
classBfires
Donotuseon
electricalfires
Minimal
chanceof
reignition
Works
wellon
flammable
liquids
Conducts
electricity
Damages/dest
roys
equipment
Foammay
deteriorate
duringstora
ge
Applytoavertical
surface&allowfoam
torundownand
spreadoverafire
FOAM
WATER
xNO
xNO
xNO
xNO
xNOx
N
O
aYES
aYES
aY
ES
aYES
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PAGE 10
Fastand
effective
Various
typesof
chemical
for
different
classesof
fire
General
purpose
ABC
available
Firemustal
so
becooledto
preventre
ignition
Highly
corrosiveto
electronic
equipment
Agentcancake
andsolidify
in
container
Ifusedinenclosed
areasgetfreshairas
soonaspossible.
Doesnot
conduct
electricity
Doesnot
deteriorate
during
storage
Non
corrosive,
non
damaging
to equipment
Oxygen
displacement
istemporary
Firemustal
so
becooledto
preventre
ignition
CO2usually
in
limitedsupp
ly
Displaces
oxygen
could
cause
asphyxiation
Keepfingers&hands
awayfrom
discharge
nozzle.
Ifusedinenclosed
areasgetfreshairas
soonaspossible.
CARBON
DIOXIDE
(CO2)
DRY
POWDER
xNO
aYES
YES
a
YES
a
aYES
xNO
aYES
aYES
aYES
xNO
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PAGE 11
Emergency Response Planning
It is the responsibility of the Master to ensure that crew members are aware
of what they must do in an emergency situation. Masters must ensure that their vesselhas an emergency response plan and that all crew members are fully informed. Fire
drills should also be conducted on a regular basis to ensure that crew members are fully
aware of their roles and responsibilities in the event of a fire or an abandon ship
scenario.
If a fire does occur, crew members must act quickly to contain and extinguish the fire.
In the worst case scenario, crew members may have to abandon ship if a fire cannot be
contained.
Transport Canada regulations specify the requirements for life rafts and survival suits.
Please consult the regulations for specific requirements for your vessel. Inspection and
maintenance of these items is vital to ensure that they are in good working order. It is
also extremely important that crew members are trained in the use of emergency
equipment.
Conclusion
The first goal of fire safety is to prevent fires from occurring. Regular maintenance,
inspection, and use of fire prevention strategies will aid in the prevention of fire.
Although, everyone onboard plays a role, the Master has specific responsibilities toensure compliance with Transport Canada regulations and to ensure that all crew
members are informed and trained in their respective emergency roles and
responsibilities. The importance of preparedness and training cannot be overstated.
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PAGE 12
RememberFIRE
FINDthefire,thelocation,anditssize
INFORM
Sound
alarm
or
shout
FIRE!
FIRE!
FIRE
to
notify
all
hands
MakeadistresscalltoCoastGuardandnearbyvessels Activateemergencyfirefightingprocedures
RESTRICTthefire
Ifpossible:o Shutoffairsupplytothefireclosehatches,ports,etc.o DeenergizeelectricalsystemsinaffectedspaceoShut
off
fuel
supply
and
ventilation
o Setfireboundariestoconfinethefire Maneuvervesseltominimizetheeffectofwindonthefire
EXTINGUISHthefire
Determineclassoffire,appropriateequipment,extinguishingagentandmethodofattack
Extinguishand
them
watch
or
re
ignition
Mustercrewtoaccountforallpersonnel
Ifunabletocontrolfire,preparetoabandonthevessel
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PAGE 13
References and Supplemental Reading
Cowley,J.(2002).FireSafetyatSea.MarineEngineeringPracticeSeries,Volume1,
Part5.
Adam,B.(2000).MarineFireFighting.InternationalFireServiceTrainingAssociation
PFHCB(2002).BasicSafetyforFishHarvesters.ProfessionalFishHarvestersCertification
BoardofNewfoundlandandLabrador
TransportCanada(2003).SmallFishingVesselSafetyManual.
NationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA).www.nfpa.org
CanadaShipping
Act,
2001.
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/acts
regulations/acts
2001c26.htm
8/2/2019 Fishing Vessel Fire Safety_Sept_2011 (2)
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Checklist 1 of 3
Vessel __________________________________ Date _________________________
Completed by _________________________________________
Acceptable Unacceptable Assigned To Date Corrected
A. Fire Detection
Are fire/smoke detectors provided
Have smoke detectors been tested
Are alarm pull stations unobstructed
B. Fire Suppression
Fire Station
Fire station properly marked
Hose accessible
Hoses in place and free of cuts and
abrasions
Nozzles in place and applicatorprovided (if required)
Valves unobstructed and easilyoperated
Hose spanner in place
Fire axe present
Pumps tested for flow and pressureand ready for service
Fixed Fire Suppression Systems
Operating instructions posted
System equipment or storage spaces
free of debris or improper stowage
Clearance maintained around sprinkler
heads
Operating control valves unobstructed
and in good operating condition
Alarms and indicators in good order
Operating controls set for proper
operation
Piping intact; free of visible leaks, rust,or corrosion
Discharge outlets in good condition
Operating instructions posted
C. Electrical
Electrical panels clear of obstruction
Proper use of extension cords or powerbars
Free of improper fusing or bridging
Free of makeshift wiring
D. Exit Routes
Exit signs illuminated
Corridor free of hazards
Stairs/stairwells clear
Lighting adequate
Fire Safety Inspecon Checklist
PAGE 14
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Acceptable Unacceptable Assigned To Date Corrected
E. Safety Equipment
Life Saving Equipment
Life rafts
Emergency packs
Life jackets quality and quantity
Flares
Life raft securing and launching
arrangement
Means of re-boarding
First Aid Kit
Navigation Equipment
Navigation Lights
Anchor Light
Sound signaling
Miscellaneous Equipment
Compass
Radar reflector
Anchoring and mooring equipment
Charts and publications
Communication Equipment
VHF radio if necessary
Other Necessary Equipment
F. Crew Quarters
Direct, uncluttered means of escape; at
least two routes available
General alarm system in good order
Area free of combustibles
Area free of combustibles close to sources
of heat
Area free of overloaded electric circuits
Area free of makeshift electrical wiring or
repairs
Electrical equipment properly grounded
Fire extinguishers:
a. In place and unobstructed
b. Proper type and size
c. Properly charged
d. Date of last examination noted oninspection tag
Checklist 2 of 3PAGE 15
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Acceptable Unacceptable Assigned To Date Corrected
G. Galley
Area free of combustibles
Noncombustible receptacles with covers
provided
Galley hood and ducts
a. Free of grease accumulations
b. Cleaning date recorded
Fixed extinguishing system properly
marked
Fire extinguishers:a. In place and unobstructed
b. Proper type and size
c. Properly charged
d. Date of last examination noted on
inspection tag
Area free of leaking pipes and fittings
Area free of overloaded electric circuits
Electrical appliances in good repair
Oven free of cracks or crevices
Oven burners secured
Deep fryer secured and covered
Ventilation ducts, dampers and screens
operational
H. DeckDecks
a. Free of combustible material
b. Free of oil and grease
c. Free of leaking pipes and fittings
d. Free of damaged or leaking
containers
Cargo stowed properly
Fuel for lifeboats properly stored
No-smoking signs posted
Paints and flammables properly stowed
Oxygen, acetylene, and other gas cylinders
stored upright and secured
Fire extinguishers:
a. In place and unobstructed
b. Proper type and size
c. Properly charged
d. Date of last examination noted on
inspection tag
I. Engine Room
Free of combustibles, waste, and oily rags
Noncombustible receptacles with covers
provided
Ventilation ducts, dampers and screens
operational
Free of leaking pipes and fittings
No combustible liquids in open containers
Free of improper fusing or bridging
Free of makeshift wiringWarning signs posted:
a. High Voltage - Keep Clear
b. No Smoking
Motors free of lint and dust
Motors clear of combustible material
Ladders unobstructed
Fire extinguishers:
a. In place and unobstructed
b. Proper type and size
c. Properly charged
d. Date of last examination noted oninspection tag
Checklist 3 of 3PAGE 16
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Contact informaon
Workplace Health,
Safety and Compensaon
Commission
St. Johns146-148 Forest Road
P.O. Box 9000
St. Johns, NL A1A 3B8
Prevenon Services Inquiries (709) 778-1552
Prevenon Services Fax (709) 778-1564
Toll Free 1 800 563-9000
Grand Falls-Windsor26 High Street
P.O. Box 850
Grand Falls-Windsor, NL A2A 2P7
Telephone: (709) 489-1600
Fax (709) 489-1616
Toll Free 1 800 563-3448
Corner BrookSuite 201B, Millbrook Mall
2 Herald Avenue
P.O. Box 474
Corner Brook, NL
A2H 6E6
Telephone: (709) 637-2700
Fax (709) 639-1018
Toll Free 1 800 563-2772
whscc.nl.ca
Professional Fish HarvestersCerficaon Board
Telephone: (709) 722-8170
Fax: (709) 722-8201
Email: [email protected]