Fish id

FISH I.D. Project

Ethan cornett

Mr. Arrington

1st Block

Table of ContentsSaltwater:

1 Great Barracuda 2 Peacock Flounder3 Porbeagle4 Blue Marlin5 Crocodile Shark6 Picasso Fish7 Whitetip reef shark8 French Angelfish9 Sailfin Tang10 Blackback Anemonefish11 Clown anemonefish12 Atlantic bluefin tuna13 Skipjack tuna14 Albacore15 Fangtooth

16 California sheephead17 Chinook salmon18 Leather Bass19 Spiny Puffer20 Common Dolphinfish21 Atlantic Salmon22 Sockeye Salmon23 Rainbow Trout24 Brook Trout25 Striped Sea-Bass26 Freshwater: channel catfish27 North African catfish28 electric catfish29 sheatfish30 green sunfish31 bigmouth bass32 smallmouth bass33 redear sunfish34 central stoneroller35 brook stickleback36 Macquarie perch37 Fathead minnow38 Longnose gar39 Spotted gar40 Florida gar41 Shortnose gar42 Alligator gar43 White bass44 Rock bass45 Brown bullhead46 Bluegill47 Yellow bullhead48 goldfish49 cardinal tetra50 black crappie51 Saltwater invertebrates: Thimble jellyfish52 Purplestriped jelly53 Sea nettle54 Lion’s mane jellyfish55 Eared stalked jellyfish56 Moon jelly57 Purple-spined sea urchin58 Long-spined sea urchin59 Common sand dollar

60 (Alaskan) king crab61 Green crab62 Florida stone crab63 Yellowline arrow crab64 Giant Japanese spider crab65 Chinese mitten crab66 Freshwater in: Freshwater jellyfish67 Black spot flatworm68 Eastern grass shrimp69 Daggerblade grass shrimp70 Asian clam

Title: Saltwater Species#: 1

Common Name: Great Barracuda

Scientific Name: Sphyraena barracuda

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Sphyraenidae

Geography/ Habitat: The Great Barracuda lives in nearly all warm seas. They like tropical regions such as Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. They live around coral reefs and they avoid brackish water unless ready to spawn. They prefer water temperature between 74F and 82F, but they have been in found in much colder water.

Life Strategy: It is not clear on the reproduction of the Great Barracuda, but they like to reproduce in colder weather. They usually reproduce in estuaries and when they reproduce they leave their larvae, and at about 500mm the young will move out of the estuarie and move into open water.

Food/ Feed Strategy: The fish are very aggressive fish and will eat other fish. When the Great Barracuda is young they feed on small things like silversides, small mullets, etc. When they get older they will eat mackerel, or even dolphin depending on their habitat. They use a sit-and-wait strategy, and their shape and color reduces their visibility to prey.

● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: terminal

Citation: Fuller, B. 2000. "Sphyraena barracuda" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sphyraena_barracuda.html.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sphyraena_barracuda.html

Title: Saltwater Species#: 2

Common Name: Peacock Flounder

Scientific Name: Bothus lunatus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Pleuronectiformes

Family: Bothidae

Geography/ Habitat: The Peacock Flounder lives in tropical and subtropical regions. They can be found off the coast of Florida, Bermuda, and down the coast of South America to Brazil. They live in clear waters and they live on sand and rock bottoms. They can be found at depths as great as 80m.

Life Strategy: A male Peacock Flounder can reproduce with 6 different females during one mating season. They usually mate during the change in warm and cold water, and they also usually mate just before dusk. When mating the two fish begin to rise in the water, and after the rise a cloud of sperm and egg is released. This rise in the water takes about 15 seconds. After mating the male checks and makes sure mating was successful, and then the two fish swim away from each other in opposite directions.

Food/ Feed Strategy: The adult flounders are restricted to feeding on other benthic organisms. They usually eat marine invertebrates, and they are very active eaters. They have a unique feeding behavior to stun their prey.

● Body Form or Style: Depressiform● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Anguilliform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Otterbein, K. 2011. "Bothus lunatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bothus_lunatus.html.

Title: Saltwater Species #: 3

Common Name: Porbeagle

Scientific Name: Lamna nasus


Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes

Family: Lamnidae

Geography/ Habitat: Porbeagles live in the Northern Hemisphere of the Atlantic Ocean (from South Carolina to the southern edge of Svalbard, Norway. The Porbeagle is primarily found in cold waters and is commonly swimming alone. This fish remains off shore during winter and comes a little inshore during the summer. The average deep is about 715m, and the average temperature is about 1C to 18C.

Life Strategy: Porbeagles mate from September to November. There are two mating grounds for the western North Atlantic. It is found of the coast of Newfoundland and in Georges Bank in the Gulf of Maine. While mating Porbeagles bite their mate’s pectoral fins and flanks in order to remain stable. Porbeagles only breed once a year.

Food/ Feed Strategy: Porbeagles feed on a variety of pelagic fish including lancetfish, herring, sardines, etc. They also may feed on other sharks, and sea snails and sea urchins, which says they are near the bottom.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform● Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform● Mouth Position: terminal

Citation: Edmunds, J. and R. Meredith. 2011. "Lamna nasus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lamna_nasus.html.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lamna_nasus.html


Common Name: Atlantic Blue Marlin

Scientific Name: Makaira nigricans



Family: Istiophoridae

Geography/ Habitat: The Blue Marlin lives in tropical warm areas in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The marlin stays far from land except where the continental shelf is narrow. It prefers blue water like the northern gulf of Mexico, and it is found in water temperatures of 22-31C

Life Strategy: In the North Atlantic the spawning season extends form July through October, and in the southern Atlantic is when the sea surface is at 28C. In the Pacific is from December to January. The males can spawn all year round and the females can only spawn four times in one season. For males sexual maturity is reached at 2-4 years, and females reach sexual maturity at 120kg or below. The eggs of a blue marlin are spherical, transparent, white to yellow in color, and around 1mm in diameter.

Food/ Feed Strategy: The blue marlin feeds vary aggressively. When it comes up on a school of fish or invertebrates it comes at full speed and slashes through with its bill and then returns to devour the stunned or dead prey.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform● Mouth Position: terminal

Citation: Tung, L. 2003. "Makaira nigricans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Makaira_nigricans.html.


Common Name: crocodile shark

Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharies kamoharai


Class: Chondricthyes Order: Lamniformes

Family: Pseudocarcharildae

Geography/ Habitat: The crocodile shark can be found in subtropical and tropical oceans of the world. They like the open water but have been found inshore, but the average deep is about 590m.

Life Strategy: The sharks reproduce through internal fertilization. The female shark holds on to the pups until they are hatched. The female can have up to four pups at a time. When the pups are born they are miniature adults capable of swimming and feeding.

Food/ Feed Strategy: The crocodile shark has a very strong jaw and is able to eat a wide variety of prey. They usually eat small bony fish, squids, and shrimp.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform● Mouth Position: terminal

Citation: Sharma, N. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Pseudocarcharias kamoharai" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudocarcharias_kamoharai.html.


Common Name: picasso fish

Scientific Name: Rhinecanthus aculeatus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Tetraodontiformes

Family: Balistidae

Geography/Habitat: The Picasso Fish lives in the Indo-Pacific region, and they are found in shallow outer reef habitats. They are mainly found in water that has a salinity levels ranging from 1.020 to 1.023, and in water that has a temperatures from seventy-seven to eighty degrees F.

Life Strategy: The Picasso Fish undergoes heterosexual reproduction, and the eggs are externally fertilized by the male. The female has nets that she holds the baby’s until fertilized and cared for until they hatch.

Food/Feed Strategy: The Picasso Fish swims towards the bottom and feeds of the bottom. It’s diet consists of mainly reef invertebrates and algae.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Schaffer, K. 2000. "Rhinecanthus aculeatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinecanthus_aculeatus.html.


Common Name: whitetip reef shark

Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus


Class: Chondrichtyes Order: Carcharhinformes

Family: Carcharhinidae

Geography/Habitat: The whitetip reef shark is found in both the Indian and Pacific oceans. The whitetip is found in reefs and it is a nocturnal animal so it spends most of its time in caves, in the day, and at night it roams around the reef. It is commonly found at depths of 8 and 40 meters.

Life Strategy: The whitetips have been known to travel in schools of nearly hundred to find a female ready to mate. When mating the male bits the pectoral fin of the female and this is done so they can stay in a vertical position. The female can give birth to 2 to 3 live sharks that are about 60 cm each.

Food/Feed Strategy: The whitetips feed very aggressive because they are in caves all day long. They feed mainly on the bottom and they stick their head into cracks in the reef and wait for a fish. They mainly eat boney fish, but their mouth if very good for picking up crab, lobster, and octopi off the bottom.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform● Mouth Position: Terminal

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinecanthus_aculeatus.html

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinecanthus_aculeatus.html

Citation: Biology of Fishes, A. Feldkamp and W. Fink. 2005. "Triaenodon obesus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Triaenodon_obesus.html.


Common Name: french angelfish

Scientific Name: Pomacanthus angelfish



Family: Pomacanthidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in coral reefs, and are found in the Western Tropical Atlantic ranges from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil.

Life Strategy: They reproduce at age of 3.4 years or older, and they reproduce by an egg-scattering process. When the egg and sperm meat they develop in beds of floating plankton.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are mainly omnivorous, and they eat algae, detritus, and occasional parasites from other fish.


http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Triaenodon_obesus.html

Citation: Kilarski, S. 2000. "Pomacanthus paru" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_paru.html.


Common Name: sailfin tang

Scientific Name: Zebrasoma veliferum



Family: Acanthuridae

Geography/Habitat: The sailfin tang is found in the Pacific Ocean. They are found in lagoons and seaward reefs at 30 m or more.

Life Strategy: They reproduce in winter or early spring. Spawning usually occurs at dusk on the lunar cycle. The fish become sexually mature between one and two years old. The eggs are pelagic and hatch after one day.

Food/Feed Strategy: This fish is a diurnal herbivore and feeds on benthic algae


Citation: Cater, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Zebrasoma veliferum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 22, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Zebrasoma_veliferum.html.


Common Name: blackback anemonefish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus



Family: Pomacentridae

Geography/Habitat: The blackback anemonefish are found in the Western Pacific. They inhabit lagoon reefs with embayments.

Life Strategy: A pair of blackbacks will mate for life, but if one partner leaves then they will find another one to replace to other one.

Food/Feed Strategy: The blackbacks will eat algae, zooplankton, and small aquatic crustaceans. The blackback will bring food to the anemone and will eat, but when the fish drops crumbs the anemone will eat them. In reward for the crumbs the anemone protects the fish against predators.


http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Zebrasoma_veliferum.html

Citation: Leutheuser, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion frenatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 22, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_frenatus.html.


Common Name: clown anemonefish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion ocellaris



Family: Pomacentridae

Geography/Habitat: The clown fish is found in the tropical parts of Asia and Australia. It inhabits coral reefs, and is found at depths of 15 meters. It is mainly found close to anemones.

Life Strategy: During spawning the males will prepare the anemone, and then he will attract the female by extending fins, biting, and chasing. The males are very aggressive during spawning. Food/Feed Strategy: The clown fish is classified as an omnivore. They usually eat zooplankton, copepods, and algae.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform

● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Newcomb, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion ocellaris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_ocellaris.html.


Common Name: atlantic bluefin tuna

Scientific Name: Thunnus thynnus



Family: Scombridae

Geography/Habitat: The bluefin tuna are found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the subtropical and temperate waters. They are found in both coastal and pelagic waters, and are found from the surface down the depths of 1000 meters.

Life Strategy: The bluefin tuna reproduces by broadcast spawning. The females can lay up to 10 million eggs each spawning period.

Food/Feed Strategy: When they eat they form feeding aggregations, and they use their ability to swim very fast to catch their prey. They will eat almost any small fish and they will also eat kelp.


Citation: Johnson, M. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Thunnus thynnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_thynnus.html.


Common Name: skipjack tuna

Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis



Family: Scombridae

Geography/Habitat: Skipjacks are found in waters all over the world, but have never been caught in the North Sea and the Black Sea. They are found in waters above 15 degrees C. They are an epipelagic fish, and have been rarely found at depths greater than 260 m.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_thynnus.html

Life Strategy: The skipjacks spawn all year long, and the females can have anywhere from 80000 eggs to 1.5 million eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: The skipjack has a wide variety of food. They feed from early morning and again in the late afternoon.


Citation: Ivan, L. 2000. "Katsuwonus pelamis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Katsuwonus_pelamis.html.


Common Name: albacore

Scientific Name: Thunnus alalunga



Family: Scombridae

Geography/Habitat: The albacores are found in the subtropical regions of the North Pacific Ocean. Albacores inhabit depths of 0 to 600 m. They also are found in water temperatures at 10 to 25 degrees C.

Life Strategy: The albacores are polygynandrous which means that when they spawn they spawn in groups releasing egg and sperm into the water.

Food/Feed Strategy: The albacore’s diet depends on where he is. It usually eats small crustaceans towards the bottom of the sea floor.


Citation: Hwang, M. and K. Wehrly. 2005. "Thunnus alalunga" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_alalunga.html.


Common Name: fangtooth

Scientific Name: Anoplogaster cornuta


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Beryciformes

Family: Anoplogasteridae

Geography/Habitat: This fish is found worldwide, and is found at depths from 2 to 4992 m.

Life Strategy: When it spawns it latches its jaws onto their mate’s body. When they are 13 cm in length they reach reproductive maturity.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous and primarily feed on fish and shrimp.


Citation: Malhotra, R. 2011. "Anoplogaster cornuta" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Anoplogaster_cornuta.html.


Common Name: California sheephead

Scientific Name: Semicossyphus pulcher



Family: Labridae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and in the Gulf of Mexico. They inhabit rocky shoreline reefs, and are found at depths of 6 to 30 m.

Life Strategy: They are polygamous which means they have dominant males maintaining a harem of the females.

Food/Feed Strategy: They eat benthic invertebrates.


Citation: Doan, T., L. Graves, S. Graves, I. Perez and M. Pineda. 2011. "Semicossyphus pulcher" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Semicossyphus_pulcher.html.


Common Name: chinook salmon

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes

Family: Salmonidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Pacific. When they are born they are born in freshwater and then migrate to the ocean. They prefer the water temperature under 14 C for maximum survival.

Life Strategy: When they spawn they return to their natal streams at approximately the same time of year. They can reach sexual maturity from 2-7 years.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on large zooplakton, herring, pilchard, sandlance and other fishes. While in freshwater they eat smalls animals.

● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Scott, C. 2003. "Oncorhynchus tshawytscha" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha.html.


Common Name: leather bass

Scientific Name: Dermatolepis dermatolepis



Family: Serranidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found mostly in the Eastern Central Pacific and the Southeast Pacific. They inhabit reef areas with a depth between 4 to 40 m.

Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups and when they find a mate they rush to the surface and release a cloud of egg and sperm.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on small benthic fish and they hover above the rocky reefs during the day in search for food.


Citation: Johansson, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Dermatolepis dermatolepis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dermatolepis_dermatolepis.html.


Common Name: spiny puffer

Scientific Name: Diodon holocanthus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Tetraodontiformes

Family: Diodontidae

Geography/Habitat: This fish is found throughout the world. They are found in shallow areas that are grassy flats, coral reefs, or mangrove areas.

Life Strategy: When the puffer fish is spawning the male pushes the female to the top of the water, and the egg floats in the water until it is 10 days old. Then it is in a shell for 3 weeks and then it hatches. Food/Feed Strategy: They have teeth on their both upper and lower jaws. It is great for cracking th eshells of snails, sea urchins, and hermit crabs.


Citation: Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html.


Common Name: common dolphinfish

Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus



Family: Coryphaenidae

Geography/Habitat: It is found in the tropical and subtropical areas of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They are commonly found near floating objects.

Life Strategy: The male and female are sexually mature at age one. They spawn two to three times per year and can produce up to 80,000 and 1,000,000 eggs per event.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform ● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Bostwick, J. 2000. "Coryphaena hippurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coryphaena_hippurus.html.


Common Name: Atlantic salmon

Scientific Name: Salmo salar



Family: Salmonidae

Geography/Habitat: Mainly found in the North Atlantic Ocean. They live in freshwater for 2-3 years and then migrate to the ocean. They prefer temperatures of 4-12 C.

Life Strategy: During the spawning season the males undergo conspicuous changes in head shape. The female deposits 700-800 eggs perpound of her somewhat adhesive for a short time.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat larvae of aquatic insects such as blackflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and chironomids.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Renzi, V. 1999. "Salmo salar" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salmo_salar.html.

Title: Salterwater Species #: 22

Common Name: sockeye salmon

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus nerka



Family: Salmonidae

Geography/Habitat: Found to the western coast of North America in the Pacific Ocean. They are born in freshwater and then migrate to the ocean to spend the rest of it’s life.

Life Strategy: They mate seasonally. The larger males reproduce more because sockeye salmon are polygynous.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.


Citation: Kennedy, S. 2011. "Oncorhynchus nerka" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_nerka.html.


Common Name: rainbow trout

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss



Family: Salmonidae

Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific Coast of North America. They can be found in freshwater, brackish, or marine waters of temperate zones. They prefer cold water around 12 C.

Life Strategy: Female find suitable nest sites, and the males guards the nest.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are insetivorous and piscivorous. They mainly feed on invertebrate larvae drifting in mid-water.


Citation: Ridolfi, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Oncorhynchus mykiss" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_mykiss.html.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_mykiss.html


Common Name: brook trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis



Family: Salmonidae

Geography/Habitat: They can be found as far south as Georgia in the Appalachian and in marine areas. They prefer temperatures that remain below 18.8 C.

Life Strategy: Most of the time only a single male is able to fertilize the eggs that the female lays, but sometimes more then one male can fertilize the eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: Mainly when they are young they mainly ate aquatic insects, but when they age they mainly eat caddisflies, mayflies, midges, and black flies.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangfirom● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Roberts, J. 2000. "Salvelinus fontinalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_fontinalis.html.


Common Name: striped sea-bass

Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis



Family: Moronidae

Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. They are found in large, deep bodies of water. They prefer temperatures limit of 9 C.

Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups of about 7-8 males surround a single larger female. They push the female to the top of the water and this causes splashing on the surface of the water. When the female releases her eggs into the water then males release their sperm.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans, mayflies, and larval fish.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangifrom● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Wittenberg, J. 2011. "Morone saxatilis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_saxatilis.html.

Title: Freshwater Species #: 26

Common Name: channel catfish

Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae

Geography/Habitat: It is found in the Neartic in lower Canada and throughout the midwest of the United States. It inhabits lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. They prefer muddy surfaces at the bottom and clear water.

Life Strategy: The male and female mate in the summer time, but they meat much earlier. They mate by the male swimming past the female in the opposite direction, and the female releases her eggs into a nest made by the female or both, and then she gaurds them until they hatch.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat snails, yellow perch, algae, snakes, frogs, insects, aquatic plants, and even birds.


Citation: Schoonover, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Ictalurus punctatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ictalurus_punctatus.html.


Common Name: North African catfish

Scientific Name: Clarias gariepinus



Family: Clariidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and in parts of Asia. They are found in lakes, ponds, and pools. They have adaptive to harsh environmental conditions. They can live in water that has a pH of 6.5-8.0. They are found in temperatures of 28-30 degrees C.

Life Strategy: They breed in the summer after the rainy season. They migrate to grassy verges of rivers and lakes, and the lay their eggs in vegetation.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are omnivores. They usually feed off of insects, plankton, snails, crabs, shrimp, and other invertebrates.


Citation: Gunder, H. and W. Fink. 2004. "Clarias gariepinus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Clarias_gariepinus.html.


Common Name: electric catfish

Scientific Name: Malapterurus electricus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Silurifomres

Family: Malapteruridae

Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout western and central tropical Africa. They are generally found among rocks or roots in waters with low visibility.

Life Strategy: Nothing much is known about the reproduction with electric catfish, but they mate in holes that are 3 meters in length and 1 to 3 meters deep.

Food/Feed Strategy: They hunt and stun their prey with its paralyzing electrical organ discharge. They can consume prey up to half of their size, and will eat about anything that lives in its habitat.


Citation: Ng, H. 2000. "Malapterurus electricus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Malapterurus_electricus.html.


Common Name: sheatfish

Scientific Name: Silurus glanis



Family: Siluridae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in eastern Europe and Asia. They are found in large rivers and lakes in deep water. They are sometimes found in the Black Sea and Baltic Sea.

Life Strategy: There is not much known about the reproduction on sheatfish. Males create nest where females lay the eggs, and then males guard them until they hatch.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on plankton, worms, snails, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish.

● Body Form or Style: Anguilliform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: SLONE, C. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Silurus glanis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Silurus_glanis.html.


Common Name: green sunfish

Scientific Name: Lepomis cyanellus



Family: Centrarchidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in central North America. They prefer small sluggish streams and ponds.

Life Strategy: They build nests around sunny areas with a gravel substrate. The males aggressively defended the nest. Then when the nest is ready they spawn. They spawn by swimming in circles above the nest. The males can spawn with several females simultaneously.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails. As adults they eat small crayfish, fish eggs, insects, and small fish.


Citation: Clemons, E. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepomis cyanellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_cyanellus.html.


Common Name: bigmouth bass

Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides




Geography/Habitat: They are found in North America, Canada, Mexico, and from the Atlantic coast. They prefer quiet clear waters with abundant vegetation.

Life Strategy: The male builds a nest in shallow water, and then the female swims near it a lays her eggs in the nest.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects, crayfish, and other fish species.


Citation: Curtis, R. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Micropterus salmoides" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_salmoides.html.


Common Name: smallmouth bass

Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomieu




Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes, Quebec, St. Lawrence, New Hampshire to North Dakota, and the Mississippi River. They prefer the northern range and are found in cooler rivers and lakes with rocky or sandy bottoms.

Life Strategy: The male will guard the nest, and several females may spawn in the same nest.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat crayfish, amphibians, insects, and other fish.


Citation: Whitlock, J. and W. Fink. 2004. "Micropterus dolomieu" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_dolomieu.html.


Common Name: redear sunfish

Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus




Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and southern United States. They prefer warm and calm waters. They are found in ponds, lakes, river backwaters, and reservoirs.

Life Strategy: Male redear sunfish make a popping nose during mating season. They do this to get the attention of a female. Then the males make nest from sand, and they are found usually near plants. After the female lays her eggs the male will not leave until they have hatched.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails


Citation: Barbee, J. 2011. "Lepomis microlophus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_microlophus.html.


Common Name: central stoneroller

Scientific Name: Campostoma anomalum


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in New York and through the Great Lakes. They are found in cool, clear, small streams with a fast current.

Life Strategy: Males begin making multiple nests. The females are usually jumping out of the water (in the air) before spawning. Females will lay their eggs in the nest, and then they will leave. No male or female will guard the eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat diatoms and filamentous algae. They also eat detritus, inorganic material, and blue-green algae.


Citation: Gagnon, C. 2011. "Campostoma anomalum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Campostoma_anomalum.html.


Common Name: brook stickleback

Scientific Name: Culaea inconstans


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gasterosteiformes

Family: Gasterosteidae

Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found in the Arctic and Atlantic drainages from Nova Scotia to the northern territories of Canada. They inhabit shallow edges of cool clear lakes and ponds.

Life Strategy: Males build the nest and the female comes and lays her eggs, and the males defend the nest until the babies are born.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous feeders on aquatic invertebrates.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: 2011. "Culaea inconstans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Culaea_inconstans.html.


Common Name: Macquarie perch

Scientific Name: Macquaria australasica



Family: Percichthyidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in Australia. They live in rivers and deep streams and rocky pools. They favor cool water with slow-moving riffles.

Life Strategy: They migrate upstream in schools. The males nudge the females vent region which causes the release of eggs. The females mate each year.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat aquatic invertebrates.


Citation: Kosakowski, L. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Macquaria australasica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macquaria_australasica.html.


Common Name: fathead minnow

Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas



Family: Cyprinidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found from Quebec to Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada. They are also found in small rivers and ponds. They are mainly found in muddy pools.

Life Strategy: They spawn between the months of May and September. They produce anywhere from 1000 to 10000 offspring per season.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are benthic filter feeders sifting through the mud and silit in order to find food. They usually eat diatoms, filamentous algae, small crustaceans, and insect larvae.


Citation: Sommer, A. 2011. "Pimephales promelas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pimephales_promelas.html.


Common Name: longnose gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes

Family: Lepisosteidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in sluggish areas of larger rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries.

Life Strategy: During the mating process 15 males can approach the female. Rapid and violent quivering makes the sperm and eggs to be released.

Food/Feed Strategy: Gars are active night feeders feeding on insects and fish.

● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Rudy, B. 2003. "Lepisosteus osseus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_osseus.html.


Common Name: spotted gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus oculatus




Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout Lake Michigan and Lake Erie drainages. They live in open waters usually 3-5 meters deep. They are found around fallen logs, trees, or brush.

Life Strategy: Multiple males gather in shallow water near vegetation. Female allow more than one male to fertilize their eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: This species of gar is a ambush predator. It feeds on mainly aquatic crustaceans.


Citation: Hall, L., T. Meade, D. Paulette, J. Albert, K. Francl and S. Givinsky. 1999. "Lepisosteus oculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_oculatus.html.


Common Name: Florida gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus




Geography/Habitat: They are found in Florida. They live in large lowland streams, canals, and lakes with muddy or sandy bottoms.

Life Strategy: Females will lay her eggs on vegetation and the males will follow and fertilize them.

Food/Feed Strategy: Florida gars use ram feeding, which is lunging or chasing to kill their prey at high speeds. They mainly eat fish and shrimp and crayfish.


Citation: Lackey, S. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepisosteus platyrhincus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platyrhincus.html.


Common Name: shortnose gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platostomus




Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mississippi River, central Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin to Montana, and Alabama from Louisiana. They live in lakes, swamps, and clam pools. They found near vegetation and submerged logs.

Life Strategy: They spawn in early to mid April until the end of May. They spawn in shallow water with grass and aquatic weeds.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly in the day. They catch their prey by ambush.


Citation: Bradburn, M. 2003. "Lepisosteus platostomus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platostomus.html.


Common Name: alligator gar

Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula




Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Ohio River and the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico. They live in large lakes, rivers, and bayous.

Life Strategy: Female gars lay their eggs on rocks or vegetation. Much isn’t known about the reproduction of this species.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivores and they sit-and-wait for their prey. They lung at them with short bursts of speed. They will eat fish, ducks, turtles, small mammals, and carrion.


Citation: Roberts, D. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Atractosteus spatula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atractosteus_spatula.html.


Common Name: white bass

Scientific Name: Morone chrysops



Family: Moronidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in many parts of North America. They live in large bodies of water.

Life Strategy: They migrate upstream to spawn. The female releases her eggs and then the male is close behind to fertilize them.

Food/Feed Strategy: They eat mainly minnows, johnny darters, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, young sunfish, and yellow perch.


Citation: Morgan, T. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Morone chrysops" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_chrysops.html.


Common Name: Rock bass

Scientific Name: Ambloplites rupestris




Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley. They live in large lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. In the winter you can find rock bass under ice, yet they can stand 88 degrees F in the summer.

Life Strategy: They spawn in early summer. The male makes the nest and the female comes and lays her eggs. She can lay up to 2000 to 10,000 eggs, and they can hatch in one to three weeks.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly on aquatic plants. They can also eat crayfish, minnows, tadpoles, worms, and insects.


Citation: Rolf, C. 2000. "Ambloplites rupestris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ambloplites_rupestris.html.


Common Name: brown bullhead

Scientific Name: Ameiurus nebulosus



Family: Ictaluridae

Geography/Habitat: They found in Canada and the United States. They live in pools and slow-moving creeks and rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes.

Life Strategy: They make a nest and then a series of bumping and nibbling happens. Then they face away from each other during gamete release.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on insects, small fish, fish eggs, mollusks, plants, leeches, worms, and crayfish.


Citation: Guth, R. 2011. "Ameiurus nebulosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_nebulosus.html.


Common Name: bluegill

Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus




Geography/Habitat: They found in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River systems. They live in slow moving lakes and rocky streams.

Life Strategy: Males make the nest with about 20 to 50 other males in shallow water. The male grunts to attract the female, and then they touch bellies. Then they release the eggs and the sperm.

Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small animals because of their small mouths. They usually eat snails, worms, shrimp, aquatic insects, small crayfish, and zooplankton.


Citation: Parr, C. 2002. "Lepomis macrochirus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_macrochirus.html.


Common Name: yellow bullhead

Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis



Family: Ictaluridae

Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in the backwaters with slow current in rivers and streams.

Life Strategy: The males dig nests in the mud near rocks and stumps and vegetation to protect the nest. This attract the female for mating.

Food/Feed Strategy: They feed at night like all other catfish. They feed on minnows, crayfish, insects, aquatic invertebrates, and worms.

● Body Form or Style: Compressifrom ● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform● Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: Jenkins, G. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Ameiurus natalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_natalis.html.


Common Name: goldfish

Scientific Name: Carassius auratus



Family: Cyprinidae

Geography/Habitat: They originated in China, but now they are found all over the world in aquariums, ornamental pools, and into the wild. They prefer slow-moving freshwater bodies of waters.

Life Strategy: They mate during the summer, but if in an aquarium they can spawn all year. The female can produce thousands of eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: They eat plants, insects, small crustaceans, zooplankton, and detritus.


Citation: Street, R. 2002. "Carassius auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carassius_auratus.html.


Common Name: cardinal tetra

Scientific Name: Paracheirodon axelrodi


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. They live in slow moving water.

Life Strategy: The females release their eggs during the rainy season. They mate during the twilight dring the rainy season.

Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small crustaceans, mesofauna, eggs, algae, detritus, and some other types of prey.


Citation: Fintushel, S. and W. Fink. 2004. "Paracheirodon axelrodi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paracheirodon_axelrodi.html.


Common Name: black crappie

Scientific Name: Pomoxis nigromaculatus




Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and eastern North America. They live in clear, warm, highly vegetated lakes and rivers.

Life Strategy: They migrate to shallow water and the male sweeps out a nest to attract a female. Females can spawn with several males and can produce up to 10,000-200,000 eggs per mating season.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on vegetation, aquatic insects, minnows, and fingerlings.


Citation: Adams, R. 2000. "Pomoxis nigromaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 06, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomoxis_nigromaculatus.html.

Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 51

Common Name: thimble jellyfish

Scientific Name: Linuche unguiculata

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphozoa Order: Coronatae

Family: Linuchidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the western Atlantic Ocean. They live in shallow, warm, marine waters.

Life Strategy: In March and April sometimes over 1,000,000 group together and mate.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton, copepods, and barnacle larvae.

Citation: DuBay, M. 2011. "Linuche unguiculata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 10, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Linuche_unguiculata.html.


Common Name: purplestriped jelly

Scientific Name: Pelagia noctiluca


Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae

Family: Pelagiidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the open ocean.

Life Strategy: They fertilize the eggs external, and the release the sperm and the eggs by the mouth.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, small fish, crustaceans, and other jellyfish.

Citation: Leverenz, E. 2000. "Pelagia noctiluca" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 10, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pelagia_noctiluca.html.


Common Name: sea nettle

Scientific Name: Chrysaora quinquecirrha



Family: Pelagildae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. They live in the open water with low salinity.

Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually. They release the eggs and sperm through the mouth.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, ctenophores, and other jellyfish.

Citation: Lanier, N. and A. Weber. 2011. "Chrysaora quinquecirrha" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chrysaora_quinquecirrha.html.


Common Name: Lion’s mane jellyfish

Scientific Name: Cyanea capillata



Family: Cyaneidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the cooler regions of the Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, and the Baltic Sea.

Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and they fertilize sexually through the mouth.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish.

Citation: Naylor, B. 2000. "Cyanea capillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cyanea_capillata.html.


Common Name: eared stalked jellyfish

Scientific Name: Haliclystus auricula


Class: Scyphozoa Order: Stauromedusae

Family: Eleutherocarpidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the northern Pacific. They live in the cool coastal waters of the north Pacific.

Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually by releasing the egg ans sperm into the water.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat small prey including: Bivalves, snails brittle stars, and crustaceans.

Citation: Naik, S. 2000. "Haliclystus auricula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Haliclystus_auricula.html.


Common Name: moon jelly

Scientific Name: Aurelia aurita



Family: Ulmaridae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in warm tropical waters in all marine waters.

Life Strategy: They spawn in the spring and summer. The eggs develop in gonads located in pockets on the jellyfish.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton.

Citation: Rodriguez, R. 1999. "Aurelia aurita" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Aurelia_aurita.html.

Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #:57

Common Name: purple-spined sea urchin

Scientific Name: Arbacia punctulata

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea Order: Arbacioida

Family: arbaciidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in Cape Cod to the West Indies. They on mainly found on rocks and shells in deep salt water.

Life Strategy: The females can release several million at a time. These eggs settle and the sperm is released.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and other organisms that grow on the rocks around them.

Citation: Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html.


Common Name: long-spined sea urchin

Scientific Name: Diadema antillarum


Class: Echinoidea Order: Diadematoida

Family: Diadematidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in shallow waters in the Atlantic Ocean around coral reefs.

Life Strategy: The egg and sperm are released during each lunar month.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algal turf of coral reefs.

Citation: Puckett, E. 2002. "Diadema antillarum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diadema_antillarum.html.


Common Name: common sand dollar

Scientific Name: Echinarachnius parma


Class: Echioidea Order: Clypeasteroida

Family: Echinarachrilldae

Geography/Habitat: They are found on the North American east coast. They live in intertidal zones.

Life Strategy: The gametes are released in the water column and they join the plankton.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and fragments of organic material found in the substrate.

Citation: Ables, J. 2000. "Echinarachnius parma" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinarachnius_parma.html.


Common Name: (alaskan) king crab

Scientific Name: Paralithodes camtschatica

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda

Family: Lithodidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the northern Pacific Ocean. They live at depths more than 200m.

Life Strategy: Females attract the males after they have released their eggs, and then the male clasps on to the female until the female molts, and produce new eggs.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish parts.

Citation: Kluce, M. 2004. "Paralithodes camtschatica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paralithodes_camtschatica.html.


Common Name: green crab

Scientific Name: Carcinus maenas



Family: Portunidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of Europe. They live in tidal marshes, sandflats, and coasts with a rocky terrain.

Life Strategy: They lay her eggs and the female carries them in a pouch.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat clams, oysters, mussels, and other small cabs.

Citation: Tutt, C. 2000. "Carcinus maenas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carcinus_maenas.html.


Common Name: Florida stone crab

Scientific Name: Menippe mercenaria



Family: Xanthidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlanic coast of North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico. They live in seagrass beds.

Life Strategy: They reproduce during the spring and fall. The female carries her eggs in a sac and carries over 160,000 to 1,000,000.


Citation: Brinkman, M. 2002. "Menippe mercenaria" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Menippe_mercenaria.html.


Common Name: yellowline arrow crab

Scientific Name: Stenorhynchus seticornis



Family: Majidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean, and live on coral reefs.

Life Strategy: The male deposits a sperm packet into the female crab to fertilize the babies.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on small feather duster worms.

Citation: Block, M. 2001. "Stenorhynchus seticornis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Stenorhynchus_seticornis.html.


Common Name: giant Japanese spider crab

Scientific Name: Macrocheira kaempferi


Class: Malaconstraca Order: Decapoda

Family: Majidae

Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific side of the Japanese islands. They live on sandy and rocky bottoms.

Life Strategy: They mate during early spring. The male inserts the sperm into the female to fertilize the eggs. The female can lay up to 1.5 million eggs per season.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat dead decaying matter along the sea bed.

Citation: Riebel, W. 2011. "Macrocheira kaempferi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macrocheira_kaempferi.html.


Common Name: Chinese mitten crab

Scientific Name: Eriocheir sinensis



Family: Grapsidae

Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the coasts from Japan to the mainland of China. They live in brackish water.

Life Strategy: When they mate both sexes die and the progeny are left to fend for themselves.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plants and animals.

Citation: Solovyeva, A., K. Bailey and D. Howe. 2008. "Eriocheir sinensis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Eriocheir_sinensis.html.

Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 66

Common Name: freshwater jellyfish

Scientific Name: Craspedacusta sowerbyi


Class: Hydrozoa Order: Hydroida

Family: Olindiidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found on all continents. They live in lakes, reservoirs, man-made, etc.

Life Strategy: They reproduce asexually in the polp form. They release the eggs and sperm through the mouth.


Citation: Erwin, A. 2000. "Craspedacusta sowerbyi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Craspedacusta_sowerbyi.html.


Common Name: black spot flatworm

Scientific Name: Uvulifer ambloplitis

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Class: Trematoda Order: Strigeatida

Family: Diplostomatidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in nearctic and neotropical areas. They live anywhere it can find.

Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat anything that is obtained directly from its host.

Citation: Hickner, M. 2011. "Uvulifer ambloplitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Uvulifer_ambloplitis.html.


Common Name: eastern grass shrimp

Scientific Name: Palaemonetes paludosus



Family: Palaemonidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in freshwater ponds, lakes, and streams.

Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually. Much isn’t known after that.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae.

Citation: Baranowski, C. 2011. "Palaemonetes paludosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_paludosus.html

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_paludosus.html


Common Name: daggerblade grass shrimp

Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio



Family: Palaemonidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found on the eastern shore of the United States. They live in freshwater and saltwater.

Life Strategy: They mate when the water warms up. The female develops a sac to hold the eggs until they hatch.

Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, algae, and detritus.

Citation: Geraci, L. 2001. "Palaemonetes pugio" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_pugio.html.


Common Name: Asian clam

Scientific Name: Corbicula fluminea

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Corbiculidae

Geography/Habitat: They are found in lakes and streams in Asia, North and South America, and Europe.

Life Strategy: They release larval in late summer. The clam is believed to be self-fertilization.

Food/Feed Strategy: They are filter feeders mainly eating plankton.

Citation: Naumann, R. 1999. "Corbicula fluminea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Corbicula_fluminea.html.

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