I I limbs. englez8 ~Grupul verbal I 2~~Verbs ll1ltlll~IIIIIUUtlli

n "VERBS INFINITIVE p:~i~~lE'~PASTTENS.E PA~:~~~lE~ ~ ""-.--- -- . . ,

REGULAR ~. work wor~ng worked workedVERBS play playl~. play~ play~ . -, !

_'. ,!!fI"",: >. 0... .; study. . studYlng studIed studIed .".jRtl:~'U~AA~i • co~e c0m.in~' . came ,~ CO'rr19.'VERBS begin begn:nlng _ began begun

. _. show shoWIng showed shown

The Tenses

PRESENT TENSE-,- , ,~-;l_ -SIMPLE CONTINUOUS,'le-_

:'>.)

..

~FFIRMATIVE EXPRESSES AFFIRMATIVE EXPREssesverb (i-S for verb

subject• habitual actions

subject be (pres. part) -3rd pers. sg.)

Birds fly.lj I don't smoke. I am

• an aonon happening, .J!.Note: Often used with: usually, you are

T- around nowoften,sometimes,never,always, he isIt is raining now.you occasionally,on Mondays,twice ~he : playingwe play Q: What are you doing?a year, every week, in the A: I'm writing a letter.you autumn,etc. we arethey

I go ,to the cinema you are I'm reading a book by MarkTwain. -they are John is leaming German and

He wakes up at 7:30 teaching English.a.m. Short form: • definite arrangement In the• a scheduled future action, I am=I'm; he near future, always

especially a scheduled is=he's mentioning the timehe journey, always Notel Tonight I'm going to theshe plays expressing the time prefer - preferring theatre. I've got the tickets.it We leave at 7 p.m. love - loving

What time does the train Butleave? see - seeing

agree • agreeing

Difference between Present Tense Simple and Present Tense Continuous: I usually wear acoat, but I'm not wearing one today.

PAST TENSE..,SIMPLE CONTINUOUS,

. AFFIRMATIVE >'II • ,,> EXPRESSES AFFIRMATIVE . EXPRESSES ,.

subject verbsubject

was I verb(Past tense) • an action finished in the past (at a definite were (pres. partt

I ,time).- I ", • past action whichyou I mather '~~ -- .- he was continued for some tim~he The moviestaltBd at in the afternoon. she It was getting dark.she played

itplaying The sun was rising.

it you At 3 pm he was watching awe • a past habit we movieBeforebuying a car.she alwaystook the bus. wereyou , I never dmnk alcohol when I was young. youthey

>

theyDifference between Past Tense Simple and Past Tense Continuous: When I arrived, Tom was talking on thetelephone.

~~ -""'ti'!t"-=. ~="'~~~rrSirm •.•••••••..• --!::;~- ~

....•·1.• I .,- an action that began in.thepast and continues to thepresent

lhavestudi~d~!lgliskl'since1990. . ..... .

rayed l.ca;pasf~ctiQn. reCs'1tlyflnjsh~. .. .'p •. . ~h.e h~.s JU51.1. eft,. If.Y~.'~!:larry. ·'It ..h.6.YI. '. .1you might catch her In the lobby. f .

l'I. a past action :when the time is .... .rret givenw~~CY......."'.; . . .c,

" .'", . . ! .1I.have travelled all ever.ihe, . . . world.

Future Tense: I will leave tomorrow. Future Continuous: Tomorrow at this time I will be leaving.Future Perfect: In two days from now I will have left the country,

,'i " 'Ii is''"

,SIMPLE'>i

CONTINUOUSI, '. i 0 ~•• , "

TENSE \ NEGATIVE NEGATIV~NEGATIVE INTERROGATJVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE, ,"j" Does he He does not play. Does he not play? Is he He is not playing. Is he not playing?PRESENT

~'"play? (doesn't) Doesn't he play? playing? (isn't) Isn't he playing?

i'~ Did he He did not play. Did he not play? Was he He was not playing. Was he not playing?r .. ~

play? (didn't) Didn't he play? playing? (wasn't) Wasn't he playi'ng?PRESENt Has he He has not played.Has he not played?Has he been He has not been playing.Has he notbeen playing?f~RFECT, played? (Hasn't) Hasn't he played? playing? " (hasn't) Hasn't he been playing?I~=~~Had he He had not played.Had he not played?Had he been He had notbeen playing.Had he not been playing?

played? (Hadn't) Hadn't he played? playing? (hadn't) , Hadn't he been playing?it Will he He wilt not play. wm he not play? Will he be He wm not be playing. WI11 he not be playing?

FUTURE play? (won't) Won't he play? playing? (won't) Won't he be playing?

Modal verbstI'J • Do not have forms for all tenses. For certain tenses they have equivalents: have to, be able tOI be allowed to.oi;-' • Do not take "s" in the 3rd person sg. for present tense: he can, she may, etc.~f!2,'i~;ffi • Do not have infinitives or participles.

~""" • Form the interrogative by inversion: Can I?, May I? etc.~~,a:: • Form the negative by adding "not": I cannot (can't), I may not etc.~"::C " -Are followed by the infihitive without 'to" of other verbs: You can go. He may leave.~b\

MOQAL MEANING EXAMPLE PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PAST FUTUREQ!l' YEB.'S, SIMPLE PERFECT PERFECT

" '" ~.~. ,{" ," ,-,has been had been wilt bePermission May I smoke here? may was allowed allowed allowed allowedMAY

Possibility He may come today may! might(perhaps he will come). might

Ability lean swim. can/ could/was has been had been will be ableis able able able able

CAN You can't swim here.Possibility The water is polluted. can could has been had been will be

You couldn't stay there. possible possible p!)SSibleI', It was dangerous.

Condition I could help you, if you couldwant me to.COULD Could you help me, sir?

Request Could you come back couldtomorrow?

MUST Obligation People must obey the must! had to has had had had will havelaws. have to to to to

. Absence of You need not writeNEED obligation more then one page on need will need

this topic.You ought to finish

OUGHT TO Advice homework before you ought to ought to ought togo out.You should leave now

i.,.

SHOUlD Advicejf you want to be in time. should should

When we were childrenWOULD Past habits we would play outside would

all day long.

~_,Ja$Sbj(j_#!~ T ~,.._ ..!- __ ,_!;;!i9·!I'l_~~_T_;:;e•.+.. F--,*:""'_:'_~_~3&S+-...Ji><8i'@_w:a::£G!2a&Sili?r S£2?±7'''''''''-. $ ~. C •••••••• ,..",."

II"!lSome verbs can be followed by:

Verb patterns~

VERB EXAMPLE';i;,1 stop

enjoyStopI enjoy

likeI want

make

She like·->, want

begin She beganby Thev tried

SOTH ·"·4NGwFORM ANDrN~INITIVE

start

I loveI lovelove

They started ,J

Thev started

Don't make herJet

INFINITIVE WITHOUT TOLet him !

IF clauses

EXAMPLE

itiv;~;:.:;~jlf she ~rrived in time, we would go to the party togetber,:;;-1.,.' -;rh/, ~ ""'_

,~Pi!$t[*1 If stle had arrived in time, We would have gone to the. party togetber.

r--'I~.

i:11~II!IIIIDEFINITION: Conjunctions are words that join clauses into sentences.

.,-.,-~ ~::: ~ ~¥ilhR. r~~~ ~ >5:(

1Con] ..ns

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f:j:rst form :: second 'form;:;; thini formII

1 1 to burst 1b3:St!No I Long Infinitive

2 1to cast Iko:st!

31 to cost /kDst!

,"1:;~:pa$Pr'~~j,{~·;;V"Tpa$t·,.ruClple~JJ~,;c,:;' ",.' ,~;~;",:tra~l..uon",'burst 1b3:St! 1 burst 1b3:stl I a exploda, a plesni

cast Ika:stl 1 cast Ika:st! 1 a arunca, a azvarli

cost Ikostl 1 cost IkDSt! Ia costa4 I to cut /kAt! cut /kAt! 1 cut /kAt! 1a tala

5 I to hit !hit! hit /hit! 1 hit /hit! ta lovi

71~1to let !let!

r-..:-s", to hurt Ih3:tI

8 ! to put Iputl

hurt/h3:tl Ihurt /h3:tl 1 a rani

let !let! I let !letl lapermite, a 'Ingadui

put Iputl I put Iputl la pune9 I to rid Iridl101 to set Isetl

rid lridl 1 rid lridl I a elibera, a descotorosi

set Isetl Iset Isetl I a pune, a aseza

11 I to shed lIed! shed lIed! Ished lIed! I a pierde, a lasasa cada12 1 to shred /jred/ shred /Ired/ I shred IIred! ! atarama, a rupe In fa$ii13'I to shut IIAtlJ 4.1 to slit/slitl

shut IIAtI I shut IIAti Ia Tnchide

slit /slit! 1 slit Islitl ladespica, a erapa, a cresta

Ft.ij'lto split Isplitl split /splitl I split Isplitl !adespica,acrapa, a sparge

17"1 to thrust lerAstl1'1'6lto spread Ispred! spread Ispredl 1 spread Ispred! ! a,desfasura, 'a intinde

thrust lerAstl 1 thrust IfJrASti La Impinge, abaqacu forta

first form:.: thtrd form :p. secofHli formNo'l Long Infiriitive Past Tense I,' Past ~arljcip~ti'j . ' , ":Translation :i'i

18 1 to'become lbi'kAm!

191 to come 1kMn/

became /bi'keim/; ' 1 become lbi'kMn/ Ia deveni

canierkeim/ I come fk:AmI I a veni

20;lto run IrAnI ran/rren/- ' I run IrAnI lafugi

First farm *' seect:H:t'fonn :: third form

21 1 to abide /o'baid/NiiH;~~~o",glnfi~ith,e,

221 to bend Ibend!

23 1to bereave Ibi'ri:vl

~;'1'ili~;p,a~t;ten$~~~~~;'~tl':,df 'P;i$t~fij\ijlciple,:"~M~':;;~*'": ' ',t"~WYY:,fransiatl~n"~*~,:'pbodei::)'b:)ud! ,I abode/:)'~i)udl, I a.sta, a locui

bent'zbent/ Ibent Ib~nt! la (se) Indoiberefflbi'reftl 1 bereft !oi'reft/ 'I a deposed a de

241 to beseech Ibi'si:tf/ besQught Ibj's5:t/ Ibesouqhtebi'so.t/ , .1 aimplora

25,1 to bind Ibaind! bOl(,r'tdlbaundl .lbouDd(b~,gnd/, I alega

2~~ltobleed Ibli:dl I a sanqera21110 breed Ibri:d! bred/bred! Ibred !bred) "'Iacre~te, a educa

'-

281 1to bring ibriUI

29'1 to build Ibildl

30 I to burn 1b3:n1

brought Ibr~:tI, IbraughtMp:tl I a aduce

builtibiltl Ibuitt Ibiltl: 1aconstruiburnt.zbs.nt/ Iburnt 1b3:Ilt/"burned.zba.nd' burned/l)?:ndl ' 1 aarde

311 to buy Ibail bought Ib~:tli bought/b~:tI . 1-;.cumpara

32'1 to catch Ikretfl

'3.3;'1 t~ chide Itfaidl

caOght IkJ:tl ~I caughtf!cO:t:/, --~I aprinde

Chid)tfid/l~~lg~r~qjtfidti; , ',; Ia critica, a dojeni

~4;1to cleave Ikli:vl cleftllcleftl I cleft Ikleft/"ia despica, a sttapunge

3'5 1to cling Ikliul clung/klAlJI Iclung Ik,tAg/la se lipi de, a se agata de

37 1to dare Ide:)136 1to creep Ikri:pl

:381 to deal/di:ll

kreptlkreptl Ikrept llq~ptf, ,Ia se tMIdared-zdeod/ I dared IdeQd! ,I a indrazni

dealtJd~ftl," IdealtJdeItj j a Imparii, a repartiza

-

No." Lo,ng InfihitiV~.., ,,,..'~. TranSiiiri.r~,:'~c.

39 to dig Idigl dug I&gl ,.40 to dream fdri:mi dreamt Idn!intf·j<·~(mi;t; dre.?mtfdremt! ..\j;;/ '

dreameg/dremdi.' .(jrE~amed IdremditUi.' a visa

tocJwell Idwell dw~lIed l~w,~ld!}!<;;1,'(1d'N€medIdweICI(,d,;;;i? .•· .dwelt/dwelt!. ·····OWelt Idwelt!.,.;;{ . '. alocui, a domicilia

;,""." - ,-",. ,,',', ,.", ,~' . -,,-.

:42i!1 to feedU/fi:d/' lfed'/fed!' hram431tOieel/fi:lI . Ifelt lfelt:(, ·'i{,ji·j:!asimti

44 1to fight Ifait! I fought 1fJ:t! Ib:t! a lupta

45 1 to find /faind/ I found /taund/. IfaundF, gasi

j 46 1 to flee /fIt/ I fled IfIedl, ,C'x"I,!tedlfiedl " afugi, a se refugia

471 to fling IfliUI I flung IflUU1 flung Ifluul arunca, a lansa49 I to get IgetJ 1 got Ig~t! got Igbt/ [a obtine49 1 to hang Ih~IJf 1 hung /hAIJ/. ' hl,lng /hAlJ/. a aqata, a suspenda

50 I to have /h~vl I had /heed/ ,<sf'l had /heed' a avea

51 1to hear /hidl I heard /h3:d! J heard /ha.d' l.a auzi

h /hius' ! h d '/h"d! ""'1 hewed /hju.d/. I t-' desni -52,1 to ew Ju:t ewe. JU:'~· .h#wn Ihju:n7" .a .ala, a ssprca, a crapa

53 I to hold /h;:)u1dl [held /he1<;l( Iheld/,. . ·C;i;.,K!.aapuca, a tine In rnalnl

§~il to keep /kip/ I kept /k~pt/ ;,~.i,gWi.t.K~pUkeptl . a a pastra, a respecta·lfln~.1tl., ,...');c11~neltlnelt/.;.

i!

:55~' to kneel (nUl..... ,,:...,'

I ~~';r;;;~,'I~~:;~to knit Initl atricota, a Impletif·<:.?()

i5;7:: tolay Ileil a a~eza, a pune

58 .to lead /li:dl aconduce~~

'591 to lean /li:n/ I.'ei:tnt /le.n.t! '.....;•...:•..:.".·....>.·.I'.earit/Ient/leaned Ih:ndl.f' :,>.'c. leanedlli:ndl se spnpru," - '-'-~~-' " . -. .. - >.. .,~...

cia I to leap fli:pl leapt llept/ ,..', 'l'eaPtl}(~'Pt/ -: - .leaped Ilept! " • leaped /lept/ a san

. . .:'l

61' I to learn 113:nI

62 to 'eave /li-:vl

63 to lend /lendl

64' to lose llu:zI

I?Q' to make Imeikl

66 to meanimi:n/

07'· to meellmi:t!,-' ,

68 . to pay /peil~g to read Iri:dl,~O to rend/rendl711 to say /sei/

72 to seek Isi:kI

173 to sell/sell

74 to send Isendl1.....-

[75 to shear /Jidl

76 to shine IJain/

77. to shoe /Ju:1

18 to shoot IJu:tl

79 to sit Isitl

eo to sleep/sli:p!,81 to slide Islaidl ....

82 to sling/slilJ/

learnt 113:n:t!· 'l'earnt/l3:nt!learned /l3:nt/ "j~arned!l3:ntl . a invala

left /leftl .>it left /l~ft! .1a pleca, a parasi

lent /lent/ I lent /lent/ '1 a da cu Imprumutlost /lnst!losf/lnst! "'Z'la pierde

made /meid/ x)"",;.vlfriade il1}ejd/ la face

meant /ment/« .rrfJ~anf /mentl .1 a Insemna

met filletl Tet inietl"'alntalhi

sOld 7s;}uldl' sold /s;}uldl . vinde

iI~

I1£~~:;

~~~~&;

~;

sent Isent; sent Isentl : a trimite

~sheared /Ji~H1! ~'}:;;i{~~~~~1:':~j:dl a reteza, a tala

shone/NDi ~Ishone IJnnl . ,,!astraluci

shod IJodllshod !Jodl a lncalta, a potcovi

shot IIot! '~rshot IJot!;/ atrage cu armasat fsretl I§rey [a sta jos

slept Islept/"'l~tf;'tlslept /slept/ . adormi

,'_i>f:

slid /slid/. . <~~?),;~i';I§li~,Isli91 aaluneca, a se dapegheataslung /slArj~-;lsIiJngIslArj/"La arunca din prastie

~:c-

'"--'

W

84 Ito smell/smell smelt Ismeltlsmelled /smeld/

smelt IsIl1eItJ.smelled isn'Iddl a mirosi

speci/spedl ,spe€!ded /'~pi:didl.spelt!speltl ..

.spelled, Ispe1c:iZtspent /spentlspilt7;§PiW--spi/@:i /spild/,»

spu9JspMiIspat/spretlstood /stud/ .stuck IstAk/stung /st\fj/ .

strew~d Istru:d/

struck /str ill······

---.8.5~i;ltospeed /spi:dl t§ped Isrredl

§.peegeg'h'?p!:didl,< I a merqe cu viteza

'~~~Ito spell/spell ~pelt /speI1{'§pelled /speId! a rosti un cuvant pe litere

87 J to spend/spend/ .,I spent ispe!itl .I a petrece, a cheltui-

88~ Ita spill /spill- < i>

spilt /spilt.lcspilled /spildJ a varsa, a Impra$tia

8s:i;Jto spin Ispin/-

$pun /spl}ill Iat~~tce,a rasuci"9'0'. JI to spit /spit! ~parlsp~tl( I ascuipa. . .",," .

9-1 ""lto stand Istrend/921 to stick /stik/

'stood Istudl Ia sta In picioare-- --

stuck IstAki! a Iipi, a infige93.-I·to sting lstiul stung IstArj/ I a tntepa, a pisca

I a4'%i] to strew Istm:1--

§trewedJstJ:ll:dl'§trelJllnfstbi:nl ." a tmprastla, a.tisipi

... - ..... --. , ... "" ,-,::",-,.'-"'-":., -,:,."':,".".;

95fiJto strike Istraikl struck lstrikl a lovi, a izbi-

96 ,I to string Istriul strung'/strMJI ~trung /sttAU/ I a legacu sfoara, a lncorda arc,u\gt:.1 to sweep Iswi:p/ sweptvswept/; swept /syvept! Ia matura

98:;1 to swing IswiU/ ,swung IswATJ/ swung 1~":YA1J1 1 a se legana,asebalansaL9.9J'lto teach/ti:1f1 taught/to:tl 'ifiught IdIt/ I a preda~' to tell /tell ' told It~mld/ told It~QldJ a spune,a'povesti1011 to think /8ink! thought /8-;):t/ thought IfJo;t!' I a gandi

102 1 to understand/,Alld~'stzend/

understood/,Lilld::J'stud!

.understoodI,Alld:;)'studl' a Intelege

103"/ to weep lwi:pl wept/weptl wept /we.pV I a plange, a laenmalifl0~1to win Iwinl WOTl/wAni

a suci; a rasuci

.won !...__ a ca$tiga'1fli''1to wind /waind/

10Glto wring/riu/Woubdlwaond!wruf)9 irMJI'

NQ.;:I~i"> l0ngj~finitiv,~~¥1:(;)~,ltoarise.zs'raiz/t081 to awake#weik!1O!:)I to be !bit

110'1to bear !be~1.111\to beat /bi:t/

l1zfto beget/hi/get/

1131 to begin fbi' gin!

114lto bid !bid!

115.1to bite /baitl11 ~~Itoblow fbl:m/, -:'~'-

1181 to choose itju:zI

~

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