1firuz m

axaTelaSvili

Tbilisi 2008

saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri

The Folklore State Centre of Georgia

T e l a v e l e b i

T e l a v e l e b i

Telavi Group

teqstis avtori da redaqtori baia asieSvili

gamocemaze muSaobdnen: nana valiSvili

nunuka SveliZe

Tea kasaburi

nana kalandaZe

Targmani mixeil gelaSvilisa

damkabadonebeli kaxaber wurwumia

daibeWda Sps `favoritSi~

Author and editor of the text: Baia Aseishvili

Works for this publication were performed by:

Nana KalandadzeNana ValishviliNunuka Shvelidze Tea KasaburiArchil Burchuladze

Translated by Michael Gelashvili

Typographic Dezign by Kakha Tsurtsumia The book was printed in ”Favoriti”, Ltd.

5

TiTqos zurmuxtSilali cvioda,

TiTqos fantavdnenmarjans peSviTa

da xma yelidan ki ar dioda

ara! _varskvlavTa azarfeSidan

giorgi leoniZe

xalxis mexsiereba gamZlea, magram axs-ovs mxolod is, vinc raRaciT gamoirCeva. ulmobeli dro daviwyebis ferfls ay-ris yvelasa da yvelafers, zogjer kargsa da gamorCeulsac ki. dro-Jamis mrisxane brunvas gadaurCa Telavis gundi, romlis istoriis erT-erTi brwyinvale furceli firuz maxaTelaSvilis saxelTanaa dakav-Sirebuli. saqarTveloSi dResac axsovT is, nebismier Telavels dResac eamayeba misi saxeli. riT moipova Telavis gundma, misma xelmZRvanelma, gundis wevrebma esoden popularoba da avtoriteti, xalxis siy-varuli da pativiscema _ maRali profe-sionalizmiT, momReralTa ganumeorebeli xmebiTa da originaluri xelweriT, namd-vil RirebulebaTa da tradiciaTaA erT-gulebiT. aq Cven im SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca lotbari da gundis wevrebi marTlac erTi gundia, roca xelmZRvanels

Telavis gundi(1939_1970)

6

gulis gulSi aqvs gatarebuli qarTuli hangi da Camwvdar-ia qarTuli xalxuri simReris uZiro siRrmesa da unika-lurobas.

Telavis gundi cariel niadagze ar aRmocenebula. am madlian miwas mravali gamorCeuli momRerali axsovs, saxelianad Tu usaxelod gadagebuli, zogic usinaTlo ya-ziasa Tu Ramis mexre maxaresaviT legendad SemorCenili, zogic rCeulTa Soris Cinebulad dabadebuli. Tavad Te-lavi uZvelesi musikaluri tradiciebis qalaqia: `TelavSi mudam iyo momReralTaA gundi~ (giorgi nadiraZe) _ es `mu-dam~ XIX saukunis meore naxevridan, gansakuTrebiT, 80-iani wlebidan iRebs saTaves. 1885 wels TbilisSi lado aRniaS-vili qmnis ̀ qarTul xoros~, imavdroulad TelavSi iqmneba da moqmedebs zaqaria CxikvaZis, ioseb monadiriSvilisa da niko sulxaniSvilis gundebi. gasuli saukunis 20-ian wleb-Si niko sulxaniSvilis daSlili gundi axali momRerlebiT Seavso da saTaveSi Caudga grigol koleliSvili (mawan-wkreli). am gundis maSindel Semadgenlobas amSvenebdnen: Saqro WeliZe, giorgi yavalaSvili, giorgi beriaSvili (Wimia), Saqro lomiZe, niko rostomaSvili, vaso mamukelaS-vili, dimitri boWoriSvili, babo sulxaniSvili-tyavaZe, vano zurabiSvili, elizbar jandieri, ana jajaniZe-zura-biSvili, rafo nanukaSvili, ioseb gigauri, petre rcxi-laZe, Tamar da ekaterine SiukaSvilebi. 1926 wels grigol koleliSvilis gundi dimitri (tito) mgalobliSvilis gunds SeuerTda. dimitri mgalobliSvili Telavis gunds 1937 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda. am droisaTvis ukve Telav-is eTnografiul gundSi mRerodnen: giorgi amuzaSvili, giorgi feiqriSvili, gigla papalaSvili da Tavad firuz maxaTelaSvili. swored dimitri mgalobliSvilis reko-mendaciiT miiRo Tbilisis konservatoriaSi ganaTleba gundis momavalma lotbarma firuz maxaTelaSvilma. 1937 wels gunds cota xniT rezo qaruxniSvili lotbarobda, Semdeg _ Sio babalaSvili. 1939 wels daSlili eTnografi-uli gundis gansaaxleblad TelavSi iwveven firuz max-aTelaSvils, romelic gardacvalebamde Telavis gundis ucvleli lotbari iyo.

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firuz daviTis Ze maxaTelaSvili daiba-da 1914 wlis 10 noembers Telavis mazris sofel kurdRelaurSi _ glexis ojaxSi (vsargeblobT folkloris saxelmwifo centrisa da pirad arqivSi daculi avtobi-ografiebiT). 1936 wels TbilisSi daamTavra saSualo samusiko saswavlebeli da amave wels Cairicxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriaSi sakompozicio fakultetze _ gundis diriJoris specialobiT. saswav-lebelSive xelmZRvanelobda TviTmoqmed wreebs. 1936 wels, rogorc lotbari, xalx-uri Semoqmedebis saxlma (dRevandelma folkloris saxelmwifo centrma) aiyvana aRricxvaze da am wlidan oficialurad xe-lmZRvanelobda navTluRis rkinigzelTa klubis ansambls. 1938 wels _ sasoflo-sameurneo institutis gunds, 1939 wels ki TelavSi gaiwvies eTnografiuli gundis aRsadgenad. axalgazrda lotbari iZule-buli gaxda, konservatoriaSi erTi wliT akademiuri Svebuleba aeRo. Semdeg, omis dawyebis gamo, man ver SeZlo konservato-riis damTavreba _ mxolod oTxi kursi moismina. ase aRmoCnda 25 wlis niWieri ax-algazrda sakmaod sapatio da sasiamovno, magram umZimesi saqmisa da pasuxismgeblo-bis winaSe. marTalia, Telavis gunds nax-evarsaukunovani istoria hqonda, magram ioli ar iyo daSlili eTnografiuli gun-

firuz maxaTelaSvili(1914-1970)

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dis aRdgena, repertuaris gamdidreba, Tanac epoqisaTvis _ sistemisaTvis _ umZimesi xarkis gadaxda.

firuz maxaTelaSvilma, upirvelesad, Caiwera levan asabaSvilis (dedas levanas), iliko sinjikaSvilis, mixa avgaroziSvilis, vano mWedliSvilis, mixa jiRauris, ninia eloSvilis namReri variantebi. Tavdapirveli elferisa da xasiaTis Seucvlelad aRadgina droTaA ganmavlobaSi Selax-uli simRerebi da Seqmna saukeTeso mwyobri ansambli sink-retizmis principiT _ simReris, cekvis, sakravebis (Cang-is, fanduris) da leqsis erTobliobiT. ZirZvel, ZarRvian, vaJkacur simRera-cekvebTan erTad scenaze cocxldeboda namdvili bukolikur-pastoraluri yofa. firuz maxaTel-aSvils, rogorc did xelovansa da Semoqmeds, maSin mouxda moRvaweoba, roca usastikes cenzuras ganicdida da um-Zimesi wnexis qveS iyo moqceuli sazogadoebrivi cxovre-bis yvela sfero, xelovnebisa da kulturis yvela dargi. `formiT erovnuli da SinaarsiT internacionaluri~ xe-lovnebis msaxurebaSi `amaod daSvra~ mravali Semoqmedis muza. firuz maxaTelaSvilis xalasi niWi SemoqmedebiT ukusvlas da daSretas gadaurCa. reJimi iTxovda scenaze socialzm-komunizmis mSenebeli kolmeurneebis idealuri yofis warmoCenas. lotbarma ki gaacocxla, cocxal su-raTebad warmoadgina qarTveli kacis odindeli cxovreba _ laRi qarTvelebiT, mamaci mwyemsebiT, siyvarulis mara-diuli moxmobiTa da wyurviliT, imis SegnebiT, `ubarod mTanic rom vera gvaroben~. ase damkvidrda qarTul folk-lorSi da qarTvelTa mexsierebaSi firuz maxaTelaSvilis `nu giyors, qalav~, `simRera kaxeTze~, `simRera Telavze~, musikalur-qoreografiuli suita `mTisa da baris mego-broba~. miuxedavad Tavisi simRerebis didi popularobisa, Tavad yovelTvis `did mzRvars avlebda~ maTsa da xalxur Sedevrebs Soris. gundis repertuaris Sedgenisas pirve-lad xalxur simRerebs Camowerda, boloSi mokrZalebulad TanamedroveT _ ̀ epoqis moTxovnis mixedviT dawerils~ da yovelTvis moayolebda aRsadgeni simRerebisa da gundis wevrTa siasac _ jer mandilosnebis, Semdeg _ mamakacebis. mogvyavs erT-erTi Canaweri misi piradi arqividan.

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Cvens repertuarSia:

CakrulomravalJamieriSemoZaxilimayruliyanis mkurizamTariwaiyvanes Tamar qaligafrindi, Savo mercxaloSvidni gurjanelniSaSvi kakabi

saConguro:

Cemi lamazi qveyana (m. CirinaSvilis)nu giyors, qalav! (f. maxaTelaSvili)xalxno, SexedeTsimRera TbiliszesimRera kaxeTzesimRera alaznis velzesimRera megobrobazesakolmeurneo (q. RoRoberiZis)

aRsadgeni da Sesaswavli simRerebi:

kaxuri saTamaSo simReraSavlegomumli muxasaaliloSromis simRera (konuri)modiso mteri, kaxelnoSen, Sermazanomolxinoxeurosofelomogvyavso qali eTeriCsndesa Csnde unda qviodesWarelo

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gundSi dadis ocdaaTi kaci:

1. baiaSvili esma2. mestviriSvili Tina3. deviZe babulia4. deviZe mzia5. luarsabiSvili Tamari6. mdivniSvili izo7. berZeniSvili margo8. mamukelaSvili eliko9. kaWkaWiSvili zoia10. vaSaZe marika 11. davidovi vano12. gagniZe irakli13. SaSuraSvili avTo14. firumovi arto15. biZinaSvili Saliko

Telavis gundi, 1959Telavi group, 1959

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16. markozaSvili Saliko17. TamaraSvili karlo18. razmaZe Saqro19. maxaTelaSvili nugzari20. feiqriSvili Tedo21. darCiaSvili mito22. razmaZe angi23. baxsoliani valiko24. TvaliaSvili gigla25. TvaliaSvili jimSer26. luxutaSvili lado27. deviZe daTa28. markozaSvili daTa29. kevliSvili oTar30. kasreliZe gogi

didi lotbari SesaniSnavad ukravda simebian sakravebze, iqneb amitomac sakravTostatobaSic mosinja Zala: max-aTelaSvilebis ojaxSi dResac inaxeba misi xeliT gamoT-lili kombinirebuli sakravi `Canguri~ _ Cangi, fanduri, Conguri erTad. firuz maxaTelaSvili ar yofila mxolod praqtikosi lotbari. amaSi misi arqivisaTvis erTi Tvalis gadavlebiTac davrwmundebiT. interesis sfero farToa: `musikis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi~; `qarTuli opera~; `musikaze filosofosTa azris SemoWra literaturaSi~... samwuxarod, statiebi Tu narkvevebi daumTavrebelia. aqvea sasimRero hangisaTvis gamzadebuli uamravi leqsi. os-tati yovelTvis Seumcdarad grZnobda Tavis sakeTebels, saTqmelsa da sasimReros. sulierad da materialurad ga-wonasworebuli pirovneba, moxdenili vaJkaci, niavis dari siaruliT, saocrad gamomsaxveli elastikuri moZraobiT, lamazi da damajerebeli moqmedebiT _ ase axasiaTeben mas Tanamedroveni. aseTad darCa is TiTqmis naxevari saukunis Semdeg xalxis mexsierebaSi.

sami aTeuli wlis manZilze dro da dro iyo didi aRi-areba da saxeli _ laureatoba, sigelebi, diplomebi, jildoebi: 1944-52 wlebSi Telavis gundi saxelmwifo

12

ansamblis statuss atarebda; 1951 wels Tavad gundis xe-lmZRvanels saqarTvelos ssr kulturis damsaxurebuli muSakis wodeba mieniWa; 1967 wels `Telavelebi~ moskovSi sakavSiro festivalis laureatebi gaxdnen.

firuz maxaTelaSvili ocdaaTi weli fexCauxrelad em-saxura qarTul folklors, zida lotbarobis umZimesi tvirTi: imuSava gorSi (1953), rusTavSi (1956-57), axmetaSi (1947), yvarelSi, kurdRelaurSi, mukuzanSi, winandalSi, SildaSi, nafareulSi, Telavis sxvadasxva skolasa da mas-wavlebelTa saxlSi, gurjaanisa da veliscixis ansambleb-sa da sagundo koleqtivebSi, magram misi `sajildao qva~ mainc Telavis gundi iyo. lotbarma maqsimalurad gam-oiyena iSviTi niWiTa da xmiT dajildoebul momReralTa SesaZleblobani. amitomac iarseba am gundma amdeni weli da SedarebiT iolad gadaitana TaobaTa cvlis rTuli da mtkivneuli procesi.

TaobaTa cvla, gansakuTrebiT wamyvani xmebisa, mravali gundisa da ansamblisaTvis gamxdara problema. am mxrivac namdvilad gaumarTla Telavis gunds _ avTandil SaSur-aSvilis, artem firumovis, Salva biZinaSvilis, Salva da daviT markozaSvilebis, zaqro razmaZis, kote TamaraS-vilis, jimSer TvaliaSvilis, uSang yoraniSvilis, vladi-mer gulovanovis, jemal CoTaliSvilis saxiT. Cven qeds vixriT am adamianebis Rvawlis winaSe. magram lomiZe-amu-zaSvil-feiqriSvilis duetebi xom legendad SemorCa Te-lavis gundsa da kaxur simReras. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom swored Saqro lomiZis, giorgi feiqriSvilisa da giorgi amuzaSvilis foto amSvenebs oTar CijavaZis `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis~ krebuls (naw. I, 1961 w). am sameulma arnaxuli gaqaneba, sivrce da sisavse misca kaxur simRe-ras. specialistebi erTsulovnad aRiareben maTs uzado niWs, SesaZleblobebsa da ganumeorebel xelweras. `me am sameuls erovnuli saunjis mSvenebas, miwis zeda oqros zodebs vuwodebdi, samives raRac gansakuTrebuli, ganu-meorebeli xma hqondaT. kaxur ̀ mravalJamierSi~, romelsac Saqro da wula (giorgi amuzaSvili) asruleben, aris erTi patara monakveTi _ `harulali da Tarulali~... rodesac

13

erTi muxlidan meoreze gadasvla xdeba, mas Saqro mReris, mReris ki ara qargavs, mas moqandakis saWreTeli uWiravs, daasrulebs xmis Camoqnevas da qvaze ulamazesi CuqurTma rCeba~ (guram urCuxiSvili, `erTi qarTuli miTxaro~, Te-lavi, 2004).

am ganumeorebeli momRerlebis Sesaxeb ai, ra uambnia guram urCuxiSvilisaTvis biZas _ giorgi daTukiSvils: `me, Saqro lomiZesTan Segirdad viyavi, maSin jer kidev gadmoyolili iyo Zveli cxovrebidan ostat-Segirdobis wesi. dila-uTenia unda mivsuliyavi sadalaqoSi, damegava, damesufTavebina, yvelaferi wesrigSi momeyvana, `pewiniki~ kaci iyo Saqro da uwesrigobas da usufTobas ar mapatie-bda.

SaqrosTan xSirad modioda orive giorgi. samiveni la-mazi Sesaxedaobis vaJkacebi iyvnen, gansakuTrebiT wula gamoirCeoda mwiTuri saxis koxta aprexili ulvaSebiT. Zalian uxdeboda Savi axaluxi da galife Sarvali, welze tyavis qamari da ̀ aziatskebi~. Saqro da giorgi feiqriSvili pirvel xmas mRerodnen, wula meores ambobda, imaTi simR-eris mosmena erT rameda Rirda. maSin wesi iyo, Segirdi rom xelobas kargad Seiswavlida, ostatad unda ekurTxebinaT, da am dros, wesisamebr, patara sufra iSleboda xolme. ma-maCemi, zaqaria daTukiSvili, Raribi kaci iyo, erTi patara ficruli saxli gvedga winandlis TavSi, magram ras izam-da, patara sufra mainc unda gaeSala, radgan, jer erTi, Svili xelosnad ikurTxeboda, meorec _ TviTonac momRe-rali kaci iyo. winandalSi `mayruls~ magisTanad Znelad Tu vinme ityoda. ise, rom, uxaroda kidec cnobili momR-erlebis stumrad mobrZaneba.

daiTqva dRe da gaSala mamaCemma sufra, sawyali Tavs ara zogavda, oRond ki gamoCeniliyo im biWebTan. samni isini iyvnen, meoTxe mamaCemi da erTi bani kidev daimates sofli-dan. Rvino hqonda mamaCems iseTi, rom mzesaviT laplapebda da cecxls da naperwkals hyrida. wesisamebr `makurTxes~ ostatad da mohyva sadRegrZelos sadRegrZelo. mere sim-Rera wamoiwyes, am xnis kaci var da imisTana bednieri dRe aRara mgonia gamiTendes. rogorc giTxariT, patara xis

14

saxli gvedga da me jer kidev balRi, kuTxeSi mivjeqi da gaocebisagan pirdafCenili Sevyurebdi am sanaxaobas. kar-gad maxsovs giorgi feiqriSvilma `SemoZaxili~ wamoiwyo da dagugunda simRera. axla wula wamoeSvela, `Wirs mog-Wam nu SemZuldebi, erTi qarTuli miTxaro, an mome bari-niCabi, samare amoviTxaro~... ginda daijereT, ginda ara, an mosatyuari ra maqvs, imaT xmaze es patara xis saxli aqeT-iqiT akvaniviT irweoda. sufra gasrulda da gareT rom gamovediT, Tvalebs ar vujerebdi, mTeli zemo ubani Cveni saxlis garSemo idga. Turme mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi egre Semojarulebi idgnen da sulganabuli usmendnen sim-Rerebs~ (guram urCuxiSvili, `erTi qarTuli miTxaro~, Telavi, 2004).

Telavis gundi, 1950Telavi group, 1950

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Saqro lomiZe pirvelad momReral vaso mamukelaSvils `aRmouCenia~: `Teqvsme-ti wlisa iyo Saqro, rodesac zuzumboze Tambaqos ToxnaSi vnaxe, misma simReris xmam ise momxibla, rom maSinve waviyvane tito mgalobliSvilsa da Saqro WeliZ-esTan. maT mousmines Saqros da gaocdnen~ (giorgi javaxiSvili, `leqsisa da simReris kvaldakval~, Tbilisi, 2004).

TelavSi yofnisas, `Telavelebze~ _ firuz maxaTelaSvilsa da misi gundis wevrebze _ masalebis Segrovebisas, Saqro lomiZis qaliSvilma _ lia lomiZem _ sakmaod saintereso saarqivo masalebi gadmogvca: fotoebi, afiSebi, mosawveve-bi, sigelebi, gazeTebi, maT Soris, Tavisi dawerili mogoneba _ saxelovani mamis bi-ografia da SemoqmedebiTi gza, romelsac TiTqmis ucvlelad vTavazobT mkiTxvels:

mamaCemi _ Saqro lomiZe

mamaCemi bunebiT metad keTilSobili kaci iyo, araviTari boroteba masSi ar arse-bobda. uyvarda yvela: naTesavi, megobari, TanamSromeli, gundis wevri, yvelaze metad ki mainc simReris trfiali iyo. gundis mec-adineobaze movaleoba ki ara, simReris siy-varuli eweoda. yvela saqmes Tavs daanebebda

Saqro (zaqaria) lomiZe(1910-1960)

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da repeticias mainc ar gaacdenda. mReroda namdvili xelo-vanis ZaliT da namRerSi mTel Tavis suls da guls aqsovda. simReris siyvaruli Svilebsac gadmogvedo. Cven musikaluri ojaxi gvqonda: mReroda dedaCemi _ mariam boWoriZe, Cemi Zmebi _ anzori da roberti. mama Semogvisxamda Svilebs da xalxur simRerebs gvaswavlida. roberti mamaCemis kvals gahyva _ daamTavra Teatraluri instituti musikaluri kome-diis ganxriT. mReroda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ansamblSi, filarmoniasa da kapelaSi. mamam bevri axalgazrda aziara qarTuli xalxuri simReris madls da kidev bevr karg saqmes gaakeTebda, udrood rom ar gardacvliliyo.Saqro lomiZe daibada 1910 wlis 10 maiss TelavSi. papa-

Cemi _ iagora lomiZe mWedeli iyo da patiosani SromiT ar-Cenda colsa da sam Svils. didedaCemi, maluca, kondoleli qali, marjved uZRveboda ojaxs, Tan SesaniSnavad qsovda qarTuli leCaqebis arSiebs. sufTa, wkriala, sasiamovno xma hqonda da Svilebsac aswavlida simRerebs. SeiZleba, dedam da misma xmam Seayvara mamaCems xalxuri simRera da ami-tomac mis msaxurad darCa sicocxlis bolomde.xelmokleobis gamo saSualo ganaTlebac ver miiRo.

oTxi klasi daamTavra da Segirdad daudga parikmaxer vano gocaZes. simRerasaviT Seiyvara mamam Tavisi xeloba da kargi xelosnis saxelic moipova. Teqvsmeti wlisa ukve mReroda samoqalaqo eTnografiul gundSi da iqi-danve miipyro lotbarTa yuradReba. misi zariviT wkriala xma waruSlel STabeWdilebas tovebda msmenelze. gundSi yovelTvis wamyvani solisti iyo da pirvelobas aravis uTmobda _ arc hyavda metoqe. mis mier giorgi amuzaS-vilTan erTad Sesrulebuli qarTl-kaxuri simRerebi, gansakuTrebiT `mravalJamieri~ qarTuli xalxuri simRere-bis oqros fondSia Setanili.saintereso SemadgenlobiT gamoirCeoda samoqalaqo

gundi gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. masSi mamaCemTan erTad mRerodnen: Saqro WeliZe, vaso mamukelaSvili, giorgi amuzaSvili, giorgi feiqriSvili, aleqsi gu-liaSvili, giorgi CikvaiZe, firuz maxaTelaSvili, gaioz baqraZe, vaxtang zaaliSvili da Cemi biZebi _ maTe, luka

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da mito boWoriZeebi....Telavis eTnografiulma gundma did warmatebas miaR-

wia 1936 wels, saqarTvelos sabinao meurneobis muSakTa profkavSirebis mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebis pirvel olim-piadaze, pirveli adgili daikava. `kaxuri simReris sauke-Teso SesrulebisaTvis~ mama sigeliT daajildoves. sigels xels awers Jiuris Tavmjdomare, respublikis saxalxo artisti aleqsandre wuwunava.Telavis gundi, saxelmwifo ansamblis statusi eqne-

boda Tu romelime dawesebulebasTan iarsebebda, yov-elTvis gamarjvebuli gamodioda. mamaCems `SemoqmedebiTi warmatebisa da TviTmoqmedi xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi aq-tiuri monawileobisaTvis~ sigelebiTa da fasiani saCuqre-biT ajildoebdnen. mama araCveulebrivi Semsrulebeli da kargi lotbari iyo. wlebis manZilze xelmZRvanelob-da skolebis, sasoflo kulturis saxlebisa da daweseb-ulebebis ansamblebsa da gundebs (kurdRelauris, akuris, kisisxevis, Telavis samedicino saswavleblis). bavSviviT axarebda warmateba, saxe gauciskrovndeboda, roca Sro-mas daufasebdnen. gansakuTrebuli warmateba xvda 1960 wels gulgulis sakolmeurneo gunds. gulgula pirvelad monawileobda raionul daTvalierebaSi da es namdvilad mamaCemis damsaxureba iyo. sofelma didi zeimiT aRniSna gundis warmateba da mama saCuqriT daajildova. 1959 wels ojaxSi xalxuri simRerebis cnobili Semkrebi

da Camweri oTar CijavaZe gvestumra. man Cveni saojaxo ansamblisagan ramdenime simRera Caiwera. albaT, batoni oTari am simRerebs Tavis naSromSi Seitanda.calke saubris Temaa mamaCemisa da giorgi amuzaSvilis

simRera da megobroba. es dueti wlebis ganmavlobaSi at-kbobda msmenels da, madloba RmerTs, maTi namReri Caw-erilia. Telaveli momRerlebisagan (lomiZe-amuzaSvili-feiqriSvili) oTar CijavaZem mravali simRera Caiwera da 1961 wels krebuladac gamosca. mamaCemma da giorgi amuzaSvilma naxevar saukunes ver

gadaabijes. orive moulodnelad gardaicvala: giorgi amu-zaSvili 48 wlisa, mama _ 50-isa (dakrZalulia TelavSi).

18Telavis gundi, 1950Telavi group, 1950

19

20

es udidesi dartyma iyo Telavis gundisaTvis. sabednierod, gundSi darCa misi damamSvenebeli xma _ giorgi feiqriS-vili. am ganmumeorebeli momRerlebis tradiciebi gaagrZe-les Salva da daviT markozaSvilebma, Salva biZinaSvilma, avTandil SaSuraSvilma, jemal CoTaliSvilma...

lia lomiZe, 2004 weli

Ë Ë Ë

folkloris saxelmwifo centris arqivSi Semonaxu-lia gasuli saukunis samocian wlebSi Saqro lomiZisa da giorgi feiqriSvilis mier dawerili avtobiografiebi, romelTac Tan axlavs Telavis kulturis saxlisa da Te-lavis kulturis ganyofilebis gamgis daxasiaTebebi. av-tobiografiebi pirvelad, ucvlelad qveyndeba.

kurdRelauris rvawliani skolis gundi, 1948 weli.xelmZRvaneli Saqro lomiZe

Kurdgelauri choir, 1948, leader Shakro Lomidze

21

Saqro lomiZe

/avtobiografia/

me, zaqaria iagoris Ze lomiZe, davibade 1910 wels qalaq TelavSi. mama, iagor mixas Ze, oqtombris revoluciamde iyo muSa, revo-luciis Semdeg igive muSa. gardaicvala 1942 wels. deda, maluca ivanes asuli, oqtombris revoluciamde da Semdegac iyo diasaxlisi. gardaicvala 1946 wels.

pirveldawyebiTi swavla miviRe qalaq Te-lavSi 1917-21 wlebSi. oTxi klasis damTavre-bis Semdeg aRar miswavlia. 1926 wlidan daviwye muSaoba qalaq TelavSi parikmaxerad artel ̀ wiTel jvarSi~, sadac vmuSaobdi 1928 wlamde. 1928 wlidan 1932 wlamde vmuSaobdi komunaluri ganyofilebis artelSi parikmaxerad.

1928 wels Sevedi Telavis muSaTa klubTan arsebul momRe-ralTa gundSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda lotbari tito mgalobliSvili. aRniSnul gundSi Tavs iyridnen momRerle-bi: g. yavalaSvili, g. amuzaSvili, g. feiqriSvili, S. WeliZe da sxva. 1935-37 wlamde momReralTa gunds xelmZRvanelobda Sio babalaSvili. aRniSnulma gundma, romelSic mec viRebdi monawileobas, moaxdina gamosvla olimpiadaze TbilisSi. xolo kargi warmatebis Sedegad orjer gagviwvies moskovSi 1936 da 1937 wlebSi. 1940 wlidan simReris gunds xelmZRvanelobs xe-lovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe firuz daviTis Ze maxaTel-aSvili, romelTanac me miveCvie gundis xelmZRvanelobas da 1946 wlidan vmuSaob rogorc saskolo gundebis, ise warmoeba-dawesebulebebisa da sakolmeurneo gundebis xelmZRvanelad.

gundSi damsaxurebisaTvis miRebuli maqvs sigelebi, moskov-Si da TbilisSi olimpiadebze monawileobis dros. yvela olim-piadaze 1936 wlidan dawyebuli maqvs monawileoba miRebuli dRemde. var upartio, myavs col-Svili. 1932 wlidan dRemde vmuSaob qalaq Telavis sastumrosTan arsebul saparikmax-eroSi parikmaxerad, xolo paralelurad monawileobas viReb dRemde Telavis saraiono ansamblSi momRerlad, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs firuz daviTis Ze maxaTelaSvili.

zaqaria iagoris Ze lomiZe.1960. 05. 07

Saqro lomiZeShakro Lomidze

22

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23

/avtobiografia/

me, giorgi Tedos Ze feiqriS-vili, davibade 1898 wels, Te-lavis rai onSi, so fel kon-dolSi, glexis ojaxSi. swavla-ganaTleba ar mimiRia. bavSvo-bidan dRemde vewevi soflis meurneobas. Cemi aRzrdis pe-riodi gavatare glexobasTan SromaSi da lxinSi. patarao-bidanve kargi xma mqonda, miy-varda simRerebi. am periodSi xalxuri simRerebis mets arafers vismendi, ris gamoc didi interesiTa da siyvaruliT vswavlobdi Zveli cnobili momR-erlebisagan. vfiqrob, rom kaxeTSi ar unda iyos darCenili simRerebi, rom me ar vicode da ar vm-Rerode. maqvs pirveli xma da Cems drois manZilze CemTan SeCveuli saukeTeso momRerali giorgi amuzaSvili mReroda misi gardacvalebis dRemde.

1927 wels gagviwvies Telavis eTnog rafiul gundSi, romelsac xelmZRvane lobda tito mga-lobliSvili. 1936 wels gagviwvies TbilisSi saxelmwifo ansamblSi, romelsac xelmZR-vanelobda sandro kavsaZe. 1940 wlidan Telavis eTnografiuli gundi aRadgina firuz maxaTel-aSvilma da Telavis raionis saukeTeso momR-erlebi Seagrova. 1944 wlidan ansamblma miiRo saxelmwifo wodeba da yovelwliurad vemsaxure-bodiT mTel saqarTvelos. ar Catarebula arc erTi respublikuri olimpiada, rom monawileo-ba ar migveRo. 1952 wels saxelmwifo ansambli

giorgi feiqriSvili(1898-1980)

giorgi feiqriSviliGiorgi Peikrishvili

24

gauqmda raionebSi, magram dRemde mainc vmuSaob Telavis raionul kulturis saxlTan arsebul mxatvrul TviTmoqmed koleqtiv-Si. koleqtivis daarsebis dRidan var kolmeurne da vemsaxurebi rogorc sakolmeurneo Sromas, aseve sazogadoebriv saqmianobas.

g. feiqriSvili 1960. 10. 07.

giorgi feiqriSvili Telavis gundSi 1976 wlamde mRero-da. 82 wlisa gardaicvala da sofelma mSobliur kondolSi didi pativiT dakrZala (giorgi feiqriSvils col-Svili ar hyolia, memkvidre ar darCenia da, amdenad, misi saojaxo arqivic ar Semonaxula).

giorgi amuzaSvili (marcxniv) da giorgi feiqriSvili (marjvniv)Giorgi Amuzashvili (left) and Giorgi Peikrishvili (right)

25

folkloris saxel m wifo centris arqivSi giorgi amuzaSvilis biografia da daxasi-aTeba ar aRmoCnda. sabednierod, TelavSi, amuzaSvilebis ojaxSi yofnisas, giorgi amuzaSvilis rZalma _ qalbatonma meri kirvaliZem _ gadmogvca Tavisi saxelovani mamamTilis biografia, romelic misTvis gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre, dedam-Tils _ nina bedmanikaSvils _ ukarnaxia:

`giorgi amuzaSvili daibada 1906 wels kondolSi. rva Tvisas deda daRupvia da me-zobel moxuc qals gauzrdia. lamazi, cocx-ali bavSvi yofila da mezoblebs Zalian hy-varebiaT. jer kidev bavSvobisas, moxuc me-zobels stumrebi rom mouvidodnen, maTTan patara oboli mihyavdaT da amRerebdnen. uy-varda moxucebulebi, maTgan iswavla patara giorgim simRerebi. meuRlis gardacvalebis Semdeg giorgis mama kvlav daojaxebula. bavSvi Zalian itanjeboda dedinacvlis xel-Si. ToTxmeti wlisas mama gardaecvala da darCa bavSvi dedinacvlis amara. male dedi-nacvalic gaTxovda... Teqvsmeti wlisas me-zoblis gogo Seuyvarebia da daqorwinebu-lan. rva Tvis Semdeg meuRle gardacvlila. Tvrameti wlisa meored daqorwinda, magram bedma arc axla gaaxara _ coli mSobiarobas gadahyva da bavSvis gazrda TviTon mouxda.

niWma Tavisi gaitana da giorgi Telavis simRerisa da cekvis ansamblSi mReroda,

giorgi amuzaSvili(1906-1954)

26

jer babalaSvilTan, Semdeg _ firuz maxaTelaSvilTan. Tbilisidan Camosulma grigol kokelaZem amuzaSvil-feiqriSvilisagan Caiwera simRerebi: `Cakrulo,~ `sufru-li~ da `SaSvi kakabi~. kokelaZe imdenad aRafrTovana gior-gis xaverdovanma xmam, rom TbilisSi waiyvana da sandro kavsaZis gundSi Caricxa, sadac man ori-sami weli dahyo. venaxisa da mamulis moyvarulma kacma ver gaZlo Tbilis-Si, mSobliur sofels daubrunda da isev Telavis gundSi gaagrZela simRera. giorgi feiqriSvilTan erTad kon-doleli momRerlebisagan naswavli simRerebiT gaamdidra repertuari, gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa `SemoZaxilis~ kondoluri varianti da `SaSvi-kakabi~.

samSoblos gasaWiris Jams, 1941 wlidanve, mis damcvelTa rigebSi dadga, iqidan daWrili Camovida da isev ganagrZo SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba. udrood gardacvlili 21 wlis Svilis sikvdilmac ver aiZula mietovebina sayvareli saqme. mReroda da Tan tiroda cxovrebisgan daCagruli kaci. yvela

giorgi amuzaSvilis meuRle nina da vaJebi _ aleqsandre da gurami, 1941 Giorgi Amuzashvili’s family, 1941

27

daTvaliereba-olim-piadidan sigelebiT, diplomebiTa da medlebiT dajildoe-buli brundeboda. sikvdilamde mReroda firuz maxaTelaSvi-lis gundSi. yovelT-vis meore xmas ambob-da, garda `zamTrisa~ (giorgis vaJis _ gu-ram amuzaSvilis _ cnoba). giorgi mou-lodnelad gardaicv-ala 1954 wlis 9 maiss, 48 wlisa.

Tbilisidan dakr-Zalvaze Camoitanes gvirgvini, romelSic Cawnuli iyo simeb-dawyvetili fanduri warweriT: `vaglax, rom jer adre iyo, Zalian adre, aseTi bulbulis dakargva~.

giorgi amuzaSvili dasaflavebulia TelavSi.~

nina bedmanikaSvili, 1987 weli

Ë Ë Ë

Saqro lomiZis saojaxo arqivSi aRmoCnda 1951-54 wleb-is saqarTvelos respublikuri olimpiadebis daskvniTi turis programebi. vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelisaTvis sain-tereso iqneba Telavis gundis maSindeli repertuari da Semsruleblebi.

giorgi amuzaSviliGiorgi Amuzashvili

28

muSa-mosamsaxureTa mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebissaqarTvelos respublikuri olimpiada

meore dRe _ 1951 wlis 27 marti

p r o g r a m a

mesame ganyofileba

Telavis maswavleblis saxlis simRerisa da cekvis ansambli

mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli f. maxaTelaSvilimocekvaveTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli o. slonaSvili

1. simRera stalinze _ damuSavebuli f. maxaTelaS-vilis mier.

2. kaxuri mravalJamieri, damwyebni: S. lomiZe da g. amuzaSvili

3. cekva `qarTuli~, asruleben: n. modebaZe da n. oqruaSvili

4. xalxno SexedeT _ damuSavebuli f. maxaTelaSvi-lis mier

5. mTielTa cekva _ asruleben m. evanqiSvili da o. munjiSvili

6. Cakrulo _ xalxuri, damwyebni: g. amuzaSvili da S. lomiZe

7. nu giyvars qalau _ damuSavebuli f. maxaTelaSvi-lis mier, solistebi: T. maisuraZe, S. lomiZe da a. SaSuraSvili

cekvas asruleben n. oqruaSvili da gvelesiani

programis wamyvani respublikis damsaxurebuli artis-ti T. baqraZe

29

zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis operisa da baletis leninis ordenosani saxelmwifo Teatri

saqarTvelos mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebismerve olimpiada

1954 wlis 28 noemberiolimpiadis meeqvse dRe

meore ganyofileba

Telavi

saraiono kulturis saxlis simRerisa da cekvis ansam-bli. xelmZRvaneli xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe f. maxaTelaSvili

mocekvaveTa wris xelmZRvaneli n. oqruaSvili.simRera Telavze _ mus. b. kikviZis, sity. v. gogolaS-

vilis. solos Seasrulebs c. lekiSvili, diriJorobs S. kikviZe.

mravalJamier _ xalxuri, solistebi: S. lomiZe da S. markozaSvili.

cekva qarTuli _ Seasruleben: b. zeinabiSvili da r. ku-pataZe.

SemoZaxili _ xalxuri, damwyebni: g. feiqriSvili da S. markozaSvili

simRera mTisa da baris megobrobaze _ cekviT, musika da sityvebi f. maxaTelaSvilis. damwyebni: a. SaSuraSvili, c. uTaliSvili, e. mestviriSvili da c. lekiSvili.

programa mihyavT respublikis saxalxo artists, sta-linuri premiis laureats p. kobaxiZes, l. grigolias, c. mgalobliSvils da a. CafiZes.

30

31

Ë Ë Ë

dReisaTvis Znelia zustad moiZio da daadgino ocdaaTi wlis manZilze Telavis gundis wevrTa raodenoba da vinao-ba. Cven SevecadeT, piradi arqivebis, afiSebis, programeb-is, sxvadasxva kerZo wyaros mixedviT mogveZiebina da dagv-ezustebina `Telavelebis~ ocdaaTwliani Semadgenloba. STamomavlobam unda icodes da iamayos maTi saxelebiT.

Cveni didi mcdelobisa da mondomebis miuxedavad, Tu vinmes saxeli ver vipoveT an uneblieT gamogvrCa, gamogvex-mauros, informacia mogvawodos da samomavlod Cven sia-movnebiT CavricxavT `TelavelebSi~, ise, rogorc Tavis droze amSvenebdnen am legendarul ansambls.

Telavis gundi, 1947Telavi group, 1947

32

mkiTxvels qronologiis daucvelad vTavazobT Telav-is gundis momReralTa, mocekvaveTa da mesakraveTa gvar-saxelebs:

alxanaSvili maTe (naqo)amuzaSvili giorgiandronikaSvili qeTevan antonova dariko arsenaSvili l. axmeteli k.bakuraZe o. baqraZe gaiozbaCiaSvili Tamaz baCiaSvili k. baCiaSvili sergi baxsoliani v.beriaSvili g.berZeniSvili margo berZeniSvili mariam biZinaSvili Salva boWoriZe lukaboWoriZe maTe boWoriZe mito gabunia n.gelovani albertgolovanovi albert gociriZe dodogulovanovi vladimer dalaqiSvili izodalaqiSvili Tina daviTaSvili i. demurovi pavle elizbaraSvili arCil elizbaraSvili ninaerisTavi nino zaaliSvili vaxtangzaaliSvili elikoTamaraSvili kote TarxanoviTarxniSvili flora

TvaliaSvili jimSerTvaliaSvili mirian TvaliaSvili lia TxlaSaZe a. imerliSvili vardo kalmaxeliZe izokevliSvili irakirvaliZe g.lazariaSvili i. lamazoSvili badri lekiSvili lamaralomiZe Saqro luarsabiSvili TamarluxutaSvili l.mamukelaSvili g.mamukelaSvili elenemamukelaSvili vaso mamukelaSvili oTar markozaSvili daviT markozaSvili e. markozaSvili Salva martiruzovi g.mayaSvili ekaterinemayaSvili Tamar mayaSvili S. maxaTelaSvili caca mestviriSvili elenemetreveli TinamiqelaZe TamarmodebaZe vaxtangmodebaZe f. murvelaSvili S. niniaSvili d. ninikelaSvili n.ninoSvili d.oqruaSvili giorgi

33

oqruaSvili nasyidapapalaSvili giglarazmaZe zaqro razmaZe firuzrusiSvili-togoniZe nino samxaraZe j.saraliZe elizbarsargisaSvili v. saxievi sarqisasimaSvili mixeiltogoniZe S.turaSvili mariamfarcxalaZe ninofeiqriSvili giorgi feiqriSvili omar firaniSvili a.firumovi artem

qadagiSvili TamarqaruxniSvili saSaqoriZe j. qorgoginovi j.qurcikaSvili lauraRaribaSvili m.yaralaSvili eleneyoranaSvili uSangSaSuraSvili avTandil SiukaSvili g. CikvaiZe giorgi CoTaliSvili jemal ZuliaSvili aleqsi WeliZe SaqroWikaZe SoTajaSiaSvili qeTevanjaSiaSvili qsenia

Ë Ë Ë

folkloris saxelmwifo centri daxmarebisaTvis udides madlobas uxdis:

firuz maxaTelaSvilis ojaxs, rZals _ medea uTmeliZes da qaliSvils _ nino maxaTelaSvils.

Saqro lomiZis qaliSvils lia lomiZes da mis meuRles _ daviT SiukaSvils.

giorgi amuzaSvilis ojaxs, rZals _ meri kirvaliZes da va-JiSvils _ guram amuzaSvils.

Telavis gundis wevrebs _ oTar mamukelaSvilsa da artem (arto) firumovs (firumaSvils).

ansambl ̀ winandals~ _ levan abaSiZes, guram urCuxiSvilsa da daviT gaganaSvils.

Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis profesors giorgi javaxiSvils.

Telavis folkloris centris specialists olia jajanaS-vils.

momReralsa da lotbars andro simaSvils. erovnuli arqivis direqtors Teona iaSvils da kino-fo-

to-fono ganyofilebis TanamSromlebs _ mzia qucnaSvils, nazi gorgiaSvilsa da eka sanikiZes.

saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis xelmZRvanels _ levan yubaneiSvils.

baia asieSvili

34

Telavi Group, which is often referred to as “Telavelebi” too, was lead for thirty years by Piruz Makhatelashvili, a famous song conductor. This group has won popularity, fame and authority by high professionalism and unique voices of the singers, their original style and loyalty to the traditions. In the case of “Telavelebi” we deal with the event when the song conductor and members of the group make one entity indeed, and when the leader deeply understands uniqueness of the Georgian folk songs as well as their amazing depth.

Telavi Group has not been created without any ante-cedents. Telavi is the town of the most ancient musical traditions. Since the 80-ies of the XIX groups of Zakaria Chkhikvadze, Ioseb (Joseph) Monadirishvili and Niko Sulkhanishvili were formed and acted in Telavi.

In the 20-ies of the XX century Niko Sulkhanishvili’s demolished group was rearranged and lead by Grigol Kolelishvili. In 1926-1937 Dimitri (Tito) Mgaloblishvili guided Telavi Group, then, for a short time, Rezo Kar-ukhnishvili, and since 1939, Piruz Makhatelashvili, who remained the unchanged leader of Telavi Group till his demise.

Piruz Makhatelashvili was born in 1914 in Telavi Mazra (Telavi District). He graduated from Tbilisi musi-cal study institution and afterwards from the Tbilisi State Conservatoire with the specialty of group conductor. In 1936-1939 he used to lead groups of various study insti-tutions and establishments in Tbilisi. In 1939 the gifted young man was invited as the leader of Telavi Group. It is true that Telavi Group had already possessed a semi-centennial history, but still it was not an easy task to restore the disintegrated ethnographic group, to enrich its repertoire, at the same time paying its tribute to the epoch, to the communist system. Piruz Makhatelashvili initially recorded variants sung by Dedas Levana, Iliko

TeLAVI GRouP(1939-1970)

35

Sinjikashvili, Mikha Avgarozashvili, Vano Mchedlishvili, Mikha Jighauri, Ninia eloshvili. Without changing the initial tint and character, he has restored the melodies and texts which were infringed in the course of time. Lead by such principle, Piruz Makhatelashvili has created the best ensemble arranged ac-cording to the principles of syncretism: with the unity of song, dance, musical instruments (changi, panduri), and verse.

This excellent song conductor had his own songs as well, among these were the songs quite widespread on the Georgian stage and popular amongst the people: “Nu Giqors Kalav” (“Do not Love, Girl”), “Simghera Kakhetze” (“A Song about Kakheti”), “Simghera Telavze” (“A Song about Telavi”), musical-choreographic suite “Mtisa da Baris Megobroba” (“Friendship of Highlanders and Lowlanders”), but he always emphasized the great distance between them and the folk art. Yet these folk chef-d’oeuvres had great performers and leading voices for thirty years: Shakro Lomidze, Giorgi Amuzashvili, Giorgi Peikrishvili. In Telavi Group the tradition of these great singers was

Telavis gundi dimitri mgalobliSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, 1931Telavi group, 1931, leader Dimitri Mgaloblishvili

36

Telavis gundi, 1940-iani wlebiTelavi group, 1940s

continued by Shalva and Davit Markozashvilis, Shalva Bidzinashvili, Avtandil Shashurashvili, Jemal Chotalishvili...

The CD includes the repertoire of Telavi Group in 1939-1970 as well as popular songs by Piruz Makhatelashvili. In 2010 there comes the 130th anni-versary of the foundation of the group. The issue of this book as well as of the CD is devoted to this remarkable date.