First Report of CHA Demonstration

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First Report

A NOVEL arrowhead TECHNOLOGY for

Low Cost Hybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production

Demonstration of CHA Technology at PSC farm, Khanewal

By Muhammad Boota Sarwar

Federal Seed Certification & Registration DepartmentG-9/4, Islamabad, Ph: 051-9260126


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Bulk of the Hybrid Bt-Cotton seed production in China, India, Israeland Vietnam is being done through manual emasculation andpollination resulting in huge cost of hybrid seed production which isultimately transferred to the cotton growers.

Fig: Manual emasculation of cotton flowers

The novel hybrid Bt-cotton seed productiontechnology replaces cumbersome laboriousjob of emasculation with low cost ChemicalHybridizing Agent (CHA).

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Technology provider

SEED CARE SERVICES

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION FACILITATOR

Federal Seed Certification & RegistrationDepartment

Technology consumer

HYBRID SEED PRODUCING COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGY BENEFICIERIES

Cotton Growers of Pakistan

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Benefits of Hybrid Cotton Seed Production

1. Traditional breeding takes long time in combining

beneficial traits available in two different varietieswhereas hybrids instantly integrate such traits in onego.

2. High yields, good fiber quality, bollworm resistance,herbicide tolerance, CLCuV resistance, heat anddrought tolerance traits can be integrated throughhybrid seed production.

3. Studies indicate increase in yield up to 25% due tohybrid vigor, depending upon genetic distance.

4. Hybrid Bt-cotton with CLCuV resistance and herbicidetolerance traits will reduce cost of insecticides andweed-control to the tune of 50% and boost farmersyield and income by 30%.

5. Hybrid seeds provide inbuilt technology protection, inabsence of plant breeders rights, to the seedcompanies.

6. Hybrid seeds will ensure uniform cotton quality for thebenefit of textile industry.

7. National goal of increasing cotton yields to meetindustry needs can be realized through extensive use ofhybrid Bt-cotton seeds.

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History of CHA Technology Development for Cotton

1. Cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrid seed production isbeing done for various crops but so far such economically

viable system is not available for cotton.

2. Efforts have been made world-wide for development ofchemical hybridization agents for cotton hybrid seed productionbut all the gametocides tried were neither stable nor cost-effective.

3. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC) is also workingon identifying suitable gametocide for cotton through at least 5development projects but still the results are not encouraging.

4. Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC) also tried forsuitable gametocide for cotton but no reliable result came out.

5. Seed Care Services (SCS) started work on this issue in 2007 atHyderabad exclusively with its own resources. In first yearknown gametocides were tried individually but none came up toexpectations.

6. Next year (2008) various combinations of gametocides,herbicides, defoliants and hormones were tried on threegenotypes of cotton and two combinations were foundsatisfactory as chemical hybridizing agents.

7. In 2009 low cost combination CHA was put to intensive trial atHyderabad for synchronization of genotype x temperatureregime x physiological stage of the plant x dose x frequency ofapplication. On the basis of the results synchronization formulawas finalized.

8. This year (2010) the CHA technology for hybrid cotton seedproduction has been subjected to extensive nation-wide trialsfrom Kunri to Pind Dadan Khan to clearly know strength oftechnology and for final tuning of practical application.

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The Novel Arrowhead Technology for Low CostHybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production

1. China, India, Israel and Vietnam are leading hybrid cotton seedproducing countries however bulk of the Hybrid Bt-Cotton seedproduction is being done through manual emasculation andpollination resulting in huge cost of hybrid seed productionwhich is ultimately transferred to the cotton growers.

2. Hybrid cotton seed production requires daily 10-15 workers peracre for 100-120 flowering days to intensively work foremasculation and pollination of female flowers and this labor

cost constitute 60% of total cost of hybrid cotton seedproduction.

Emasculation Pollination

3. The novel hybrid Bt-cotton seed production technology replacescumbersome laborious job of emasculation with low costChemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA).

4. The work on insect-pollination regime is underway to replacehand pollination in hybrid cotton seed production fields tofurther cut labor cost.

5. The cost of hybrid Bt-cotton seed production will be reduced by50% and the farmers will get hybrid seed at reduced price.

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Financial Analysis of the New Technology

1. National cotton seed requirement with standard

germination is 40,000 MT and with relaxed germinationis 65,000 MT.

2. If 25% area is targeted for hybrid Bt-cotton productionthen at least 20,000 acres are needed for hybrid seedproduction.

3. Labor cost of emasculation and pollination with average

requirement of daily 10 workers for 100-120 days for20,000 acres is estimated as Rs. 2,000 million. Theemasculation work cost accordingly will be Rs. 1,300million.

4. Studies show that labor cost of emasculation andpollination constitute 60% of the total seed productioncost.

5. The novel CHA technology will reduce cost ofemasculation to the tune of Rs. 260 million thus savingRs 1,040 million (50% of the hybrid cotton seedproduction cost).

6. Farmers will get hybrid Bt-cotton seed producedthrough CHA technology at 30% low price as comparedto seed produced through conventional method.

7. The value of new CHA technology in case of 25% and75% hybrid cotton production is Rs. 260 million and Rs.780 million per annum respectively.

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Technology Demonstration Sites

(Open for visit of professionals)

1. Mian Muhammad Saleem, Beacon Seed Corporationfarm, Kunri, district Umerkot. Cell # 03003300370

2. Mr. Muhammad Atif, Sindh Pacific Seed Corporationfarm, Tando Allah Yar. Cell # 03003081810

3. Ch. Abdul Latif, progressive grower farm, Bandhi,district Naushehro Feroze. Ph # 0242480164

4. Ch. Muhammad Ikram, Resham Seed Corporationfarm, Rahim Yar Khan. Cell # 03008670181

5. Mr. Munir Ahmed Naz, M/s Ali Akbar farm, Multan. Cell# 03464994049

6. Ch. Muhammad Umar, Director Farms, Punjab Seed

Corporation, Pirowal, Khanewal. Ph # 0652680155

7. Syed Tariq Shah, Deputy Director FSC&RD, AARI,Faisalabad farm. Ph # 041723449

8. Malik Anwar Hussain, President Poultry AssociationPunjab, progressive grower farm, Pind Dadan Khan.Cell # 03135342274

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Successful Demonstration of Low CostHybrid Bt-Cotton Seed Production TechnologyAt Punjab Seed Corporation Farm, Khanewal

1. Date of sowing: March 16, 2010.

2. Number of female genotypes: 3 (highly susceptible to CLCuVwith Cry 1Ac Bt-gene)

3. Male parent used: MN-814 (non-Bt with CLCuV tolerance)

4. First spray of CHA: April 4, 2010

5. Subsequent spray of CHA: May 20, 2010, June 24, 2010

6. Male sterility observed: 99%

7. Boll setting: success equal to manual emasculation.

Photo: 9-7-2010 CHA emasculated flower Boll setting

Photo: 15-6-2010: Visit of professionals

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First Report of Other Sites of Technology Demonstration

1. Kunri:

i) Date of sowing of one female line: 3-5-2010ii) Date of first spray of CHA: 9-6-2010iii) Efficacy of CHA for emasculation: 100%

2. Tando Allah Yar :

i) Date of sowing of one female line: 22-5-2010

ii) Date of first spray of CHA: 25-6-2010iii) Efficacy of CHA for emasculation: 99%

3. Punjab Seed Corporation Khanewal: (second sowing)

i) Date of sowing of one female line: 15-4-2010ii) Date of first spray of CHA: 20-5-2010iii) Date of second spray of CHA: 24-6-2010

iv) Efficacy of CHA for emasculation: 100%

4. Reports awaited from following sites:

i) Bandhi, district Naushehro Ferozeii) Rahim Yar Khaniii) Punjab Seed Corporation Khanewal: (third sowing)iv) Multanv) Faisalabad

vi) Pind Dadan Khan

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Documents

First Report of CHA Demonstration