First Record of Ribbon Worms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Volume 68 Article 25

2014

First Record of Ribbon Worms (Nemertea:Tetrastemmatidae: Prostoma) from ArkansasP. G. DavisonUniversity of North Alabama

H. W. Robison

C. T. McAllisterEastern Oklahoma State College, [email protected]

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Recommended CitationDavison, P. G.; Robison, H. W.; and McAllister, C. T. (2014) "First Record of Ribbon Worms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae:Prostoma) from Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 68 , Article 25.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol68/iss1/25

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*Correspondence:[email protected]

Running Title:

coelomateare aware of the presenAmericaGibson 2008)having an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).

species of ribbon wormOuachita River at Little Hope Road, 0.4 km S of St.Hwy. 88 in Pine Ridge, Montgomery County(34werewhere submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllumabundantly. At the collecting site the w38 cm deeair temperature was 34°C.Rivertemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5pH 6.911.2(NTU) 2.0mg/l, sulfates 3.72.033, and total suspended solids 3.0comm

First Record of Ribbon

Correspondence:[email protected]

Running Title:

Ribboncoelomateare aware of the presenAmericaGibson 2008)having an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).

On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofspecies of ribbon wormOuachita River at Little Hope Road, 0.4 km S of St.Hwy. 88 in Pine Ridge, Montgomery County(34.581364°N, 93.883678°W)were collected in the main river from a shallow rifflewhere submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllumabundantly. At the collecting site the w38 cm deeair temperature was 34°C.Rivertemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5pH 6.911.2-26.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14(NTU) 2.0mg/l, sulfates 3.72.033, and total suspended solids 3.0comm)



Running Title:

Ribboncoelomateare aware of the presenAmericaGibson 2008)having an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).

On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofspecies of ribbon wormOuachita River at Little Hope Road, 0.4 km S of St.Hwy. 88 in Pine Ridge, Montgomery County

.581364°N, 93.883678°W)collected in the main river from a shallow riffle

where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllumabundantly. At the collecting site the w38 cm deeair temperature was 34°C.River is characterized physitemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5pH 6.9-7.1, alkalinity (total) 25.2

26.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14(NTU) 2.0mg/l, sulfates 3.72.033, and total suspended solids 3.0

). While these data are not intend



Running Title:

Ribbon worms (Phylum Nemertea) are well knowncoelomate marine organisms; however, few biologistsare aware of the presen

(Gibson and Moore 1976, Sundberg andGibson 2008)having an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).



where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllumabundantly. At the collecting site the w38 cm deep, theair temperature was 34°C.

is characterized physitemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5

7.1, alkalinity (total) 25.226.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14

(NTU) 2.0-4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.2mg/l, sulfates 3.72.033, and total suspended solids 3.0

. While these data are not intend



Running Title: Nemertea from Arkansas

worms (Phylum Nemertea) are well knownmarine organisms; however, few biologists

are aware of the presen(Gibson and Moore 1976, Sundberg and

Gibson 2008). Members of this phylum are unique inhaving an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).



where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllumabundantly. At the collecting site the w

p, theair temperature was 34°C.



4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.2mg/l, sulfates 3.72.033, and total suspended solids 3.0



3


Nemertea from Arkansas



. Members of this phylum are unique inhaving an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for graspiFreshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).




p, the water temperature was 23.5°C, and theair temperature was 34°C.



4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.2mg/l, sulfates 3.7-2.033, and total suspended solids 3.0



3Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745





. Members of this phylum are unique inhaving an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andis used for grasping prey (Hickman et al. 2011).Freshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).




water temperature was 23.5°C, and theair temperature was 34°C.



4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.2-56 mg/l, total phosphorus 0.029

2.033, and total suspended solids 3.0. While these data are not intend


1

Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745




are aware of the presence of freshwater forms in North(Gibson and Moore 1976, Sundberg and

. Members of this phylum are unique inhaving an eversible muscular proboscisinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal and

ng prey (Hickman et al. 2011).Freshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991).previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date,documented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochranal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).




water temperature was 23.5°C, and theair temperature was 34°C.



4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.256 mg/l, total phosphorus 0.029


Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 68, 2014


1Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL 35632





ce of freshwater forms in North(Gibson and Moore 1976, Sundberg and


ng prey (Hickman et al. 2011).Freshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenprotandric (Kolasa 1991). Ribbon worms have beenpreviously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser2011); however, to date, this phylum has not beendocumented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Hand Harp (1983), Cochran and Harp (1990), Chordas etal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).

On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofspecies of ribbon worm wereOuachita River at Little Hope Road, 0.4 km S of St.Hwy. 88 in Pine Ridge, Montgomery County



water temperature was 23.5°C, and theair temperature was 34°C. At this







P.

Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL 35632







ng prey (Hickman et al. 2011).Freshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and often

Ribbon worms have beenpreviously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser

this phylum has not beendocumented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), H

and Harp (1990), Chordas etal. (1996), and Harp and Robison (2006).

On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofwere

Ouachita River at Little Hope Road, 0.4 km S of St.Hwy. 88 in Pine Ridge, Montgomery County

.581364°N, 93.883678°W) (Fig. 1). Ribbon wormscollected in the main river from a shallow riffle


water temperature was 23.5°C, and theAt this

is characterized physicochemically by watertemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5






.G.












On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofwere collected from the


(Fig. 1). Ribbon wormscollected in the main river from a shallow riffle

where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx.,abundantly. At the collecting site the w

water temperature was 23.5°C, and theAt this locale, the Ouachita

cochemically by watertemperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5

7.1, alkalinity (total) 25.2-26.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14




First Record of Ribbon W

Davison

Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL 3563229717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, AR 72120










On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofcollected from the



where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Michx.,

abundantly. At the collecting site the wwater temperature was 23.5°C, and the

locale, the Ouachitacochemically by water

temperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5

36.8 mg/l, chloride26.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14


2.033, and total suspended solids 3.0-5.1. While these data are not intend


Wor

Davison










On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens ofcollected from the




abundantly. At the collecting site the water was 25 towater temperature was 23.5°C, and the


temperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5

36.8 mg/l, chloride26.0 mg/l, total dissolved solids 14-


5.1 (J Wise,. While these data are not intend


orms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae:

Davison1





. Members of this phylum are unique inhaving an eversible muscular proboscis thatinside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal and




and Harp (1990), Chordas et

On 10 July 2011, 15 specimens of an unknowncollected from the




ater was 25 towater temperature was 23.5°C, and the


temperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter monthsto 25°C in summer, dissolved oxygen of 9.5-

36.8 mg/l, chloride-53, turbidity


(J Wise,. While these data are not intend


ms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae:

1, H.





. Members of this phylum are unique inthat lies free

inside of a rhynchocoel above the alimentary canal andng prey (Hickman et al. 2011).

Freshwater nemerteans are hermaphroditic and oftenRibbon worms have been

previously reported from adjacent Louisiana (Harman1962), Oklahoma (Harrell 1969) and Texas (Ziser



an unknowncollected from the



where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,Michx., occurred



temperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter months-11.4 mg/l,

36.8 mg/l, chloride53, turbidity


(J Wise,. While these data are not intended to be



, H.W. Robison





. Members of this phylum are unique inlies free




this phylum has not beendocumented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farrisand Harp (1982), Guntharp and Harp (1982), Huggins





where submerged plants of hornleaf riverweed,occurred



temperatures ranging from near 0°C in winter months11.4 mg/l,


4.2, hardness, Ca++, Mg++ of 28.2-36.956 mg/l, total phosphorus 0.029

(J Wise, pers.ed to be


ms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae:Arkansas

W. Robison









this phylum has not beendocumented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farris

gginsand Harp (1990), Chordas et









36.956 mg/l, total phosphorus 0.029-

pers.ed to be



W. Robison









this phylum has not beendocumented from Arkansas despite numerous intensiveaquatic macroinvertebrate surveys in the state byCather and Harp (1975), Harp and Harp (1980), Farris

gginsand Harp (1990), Chordas et









36.9-

pers.ed to be



W. Robison





W. Robison2, and C.



Figure 1.ceratophyllum

indicative of physicochemical limits of this nemerteanworm, theyquality found at this upland locality.

purposefully sought outhad been shown to be a reliablecpreviously collected nemerteans from the sedimentattached to(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, MarionCountyimportant habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of nopreviousPodostemumwas remothe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound bySamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



, and C.





In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms wepurposefully sought outhad been shown to be a reliablecollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentattached to(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, MarionCountyimportant habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of nopreviousPodostemumwas remothe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound bySamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



, and C.





In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms wepurposefully sought outhad been shown to be a reliableollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)

previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentattached to(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, MarionCounty)important habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of nopreviousPodostemumwas remothe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound bySamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



, and C.T. McAllister



Figure 1. Theceratophyllum



previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentattached to(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion

).important habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of noprevious publishedPodostemumwas removed by hand from its attachment to rock inthe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound bySamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



T. McAllister



Theceratophyllum (submerged and not visible

indicative of physicochemical limits of this nemerteanworm, they arequality found at this upland locality.


previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentattached to Podostemum(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion

. Podostemumimportant habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of no

publishedPodostemum. At the Ouachita River

ved by hand from its attachment to rock inthe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound bySamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



T. McAllister



The Ouachita River study sitesubmerged and not visible

indicative of physicochemical limits of this nemerteanare suggestive of the general type of water

quality found at this upland locality.In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms we

purposefully sought outhad been shown to be a reliableollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)

previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentPodostemum

(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion

Podostemumimportant habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of no

published. At the Ouachita River




T. McAllister



Ouachita River study sitesubmerged and not visible

indicative of physicochemical limits of this nemerteansuggestive of the general type of water





Podostemumimportant habitat foal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of no

published. At the Ouachita River




T. McAllister3*









Podostemumimportant habitat for macroinvertebrates (Hutchensal. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of no

published reports linking ribbon worms to. At the Ouachita River

ved by hand from its attachment to rock inthe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thesediment bound by PodostemumSamples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known



3*






purposefully sought out Podostemumhad been shown to be a reliableollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)



Podostemum has long been known as anr macroinvertebrates (Hutchens

al. 2004, Nelson and Scott 1962) but we know of noreports linking ribbon worms to

. At the Ouachita Riverved by hand from its attachment to rock in

the flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thePodostemum

Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known


ms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae: Prostoma






Podostemumhad been shown to be a reliableollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)

previously collected nemerteans from the sedimentin western North Carolina


has long been known as anr macroinvertebrates (Hutchens




Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel roomcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known

Prostoma












Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,and processed in a motel room within several hourscollecting. Processing followed the procedure known

Prostoma


Ouachita River study sitesubmerged and not visible) occurred abundantly









the flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire thePodostemum at the rock surface.

Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,within several hours

collecting. Processing followed the procedure known

Prostoma

Ouachita River study site whereoccurred abundantly



Podostemum vegetationhad been shown to be a reliable microollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)





. At the Ouachita River siteved by hand from its attachment to rock in

the flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire theat the rock surface.



Prostoma) from

whereoccurred abundantly


In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms wevegetationmicro

ollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)previously collected nemerteans from the sediment

in western North Carolina(Chattooga River) and northwestern AlabamCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion



site, Podostemumved by hand from its attachment to rock in




) from

where Podostemumoccurred abundantly


In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms wevegetationmicrohabitat for

ollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)previously collected nemerteans from the sediment

in western North Carolina(Chattooga River) and northwestern Alabama (CypressCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion



Podostemumved by hand from its attachment to rock in




) from

Podostemumoccurred abundantly


In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms wevegetation as this

habitat forollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD)


a (CypressCreek, Lauderdale County and Gin Creek, Marion







) from

Podostemumoccurred abundantly.


In our search for Arkansas ribbon worms weas this

habitat forollecting nemerteans. The senior author (PGD) had









Podostemum.



habitat forhad



has long been known as anr macroinvertebrates (Hutchens et




Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,within several hours of




habitat forhad

previously collected nemerteans from the sediment


has long been known as anet


ved by hand from its attachment to rock inthe flowing stream. Care was taken to acquire the

at the rock surface.Samples were placed in plastic bags, stored in a cooler,

ofcollecting. Processing followed the procedure known

146

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 68 [2014], Art. 25

Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2014

as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in thebottom halves of six clear glass jars ranging infromof golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jarswere then filled withprevent vegetation from risinviewnemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the watetotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected bv/v ethanol

Figure 2. Ribbon worm1.5 mm.

as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in thebottom halves of six clear glass jars ranging infrom 0.96 to 7.6 lof golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jarswere then filled withprevent vegetation from risinview. Within 5nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the watetotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected bv/v ethanol

Figure 2. Ribbon wormmm.

as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in thebottom halves of six clear glass jars ranging in

0.96 to 7.6 lof golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jarswere then filled withprevent vegetation from risin

. Within 5nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the watetotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected bv/v ethanol

Figure 2. Ribbon wormmm.



. Within 5nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the watetotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected bv/v ethanol.

Figure 2. Ribbon worm



. Within 5nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the watetotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected b



0.96 to 7.6 l (1 qt to 2 gal)of golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jarswere then filled withprevent vegetation from risin

. Within 5 hrs,nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glidedtowards the water’s surface. Bytotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected b



1 qt to 2 gal)of golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jarswere then filled with habitat waterprevent vegetation from risin

, 4 stagnant jars yielded a total of 10nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glided

r’s surface. Bytotal of 15 pinkish ribboin length were collected b

Figure 2. Ribbon worm collected from


1 qt to 2 gal)of golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jars

habitat waterprevent vegetation from risin

stagnant jars yielded a total of 10nemerteans made visible with theaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glided

r’s surface. Bytotal of 15 pinkish ribbon worms measuring 4 toin length were collected b

collected from




habitat waterprevent vegetation from risin


r’s surface. Byn worms measuring 4 to

in length were collected by pipet and preserved in 70%

collected from




habitat waterprevent vegetation from rising and obscuring one’s


r’s surface. Byn worms measuring 4 to

y pipet and preserved in 70%

collected from



1 qt to 2 gal). Stone weights (rocksof golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jars

habitat water. The stone weightsg and obscuring one’s

stagnant jars yielded a total of 10nemerteans made visible with the aid of a strong lightaimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glided

r’s surface. By the nextn worms measuring 4 to


collected from Podostemum



. Stone weights (rocksof golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jars

. The stone weightsg and obscuring one’s

stagnant jars yielded a total of 10aid of a strong light

aimed through the backs and sides of the jars. Theworms clung to the inner glass walls as they glided

the nextn worms measuring 4 to


Podostemum







the nextn worms measuring 4 to


Podostemum







the next morningn worms measuring 4 to


Podostemum. Scale bar =








morningn worms measuring 4 to


. Scale bar =



as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in thebottom halves of six clear glass jars ranging in size





morningn worms measuring 4 to 8 mm


. Scale bar =



as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in the

size. Stone weights (rocks

of golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jars




morning, a8 mm


. Scale bar =



as the oxygen depletion method (Schockaert 1996)described in some detail by Young (2001). Materialscollected from the Ouachita River were placed in the

size. Stone weights (rocks

of golf ball size and larger) were added to hold thevegetation in the lower half of the jars and the jars




a8 mm


. Scale bar =





documentation of the Phylum Nemertea in Arkansas.Unfortidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C.sequencingpreliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theArkansasparticular haplotype seenAustraliacurrenteilhardi

Acknowledgments

biologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to findwormsprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andenthusiasm fIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, reti(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted usin our collegraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.Laexperts, C.conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touse for this manUniversity, Belgium), who showed PGDfreshwater nedepletion method.

Literature Cited

Cather MR

Cochran BG



Ourdocumentation of the Phylum Nemertea in Arkansas.Unfortidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C.sequencingpreliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theArkansasparticular haplotype seenAustraliacurrenteilhardi

Acknowledgments

Webiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to findwormsprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andenthusiasm fIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, reti(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted usin our collegraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.Lastly, we wish to acknowledge twoexperts, C.conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touse for this manUniversity, Belgium), who showed PGDfreshwater nedepletion method.

Literature Cited

Cather MRmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas AcademyScience 29:30

Cochran BGmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:



Ourdocumentation of the Phylum Nemertea in Arkansas.Unfortunately, weidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C.sequencingpreliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theArkansasparticular haplotype seenAustraliacurrently being listed in GenBank aseilhardi

Acknowledgments

Webiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to findwormsprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andenthusiasm fIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, reti(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted usin our collegraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.

stly, we wish to acknowledge twoexperts, C.conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touse for this manUniversity, Belgium), who showed PGDfreshwater nedepletion method.

Literature Cited





Our collection of ribbon worms represents the firstdocumentation of the Phylum Nemertea in Arkansas.

unately, weidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C.sequencingpreliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theArkansasparticular haplotype seenAustralia.

ly being listed in GenBank aseilhardi for the form we report herein.

Acknowledgments

We thank B. Crump, USDA Forest Servicebiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to findworms in the Ouachita Mountains. Herprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andenthusiasm fIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, reti(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted usin our collegraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.


Literature Cited




collection of ribbon worms represents the firstdocumentation of the Phylum Nemertea in Arkansas.

unately, weidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C.sequencing. Mr. Laumer reported (preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theArkansas Prostomaparticular haplotype seen

He suggested that we use the namely being listed in GenBank as

for the form we report herein.

Acknowledgments

thank B. Crump, USDA Forest Servicebiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to find

in the Ouachita Mountains. Herprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andenthusiasm for the project aided our effortIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, reti(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted usin our collecting efforts. In addition, L. and S. Leedsgraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.


Literature Cited





unately, weidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eightwere sent to C. Laumer

. Mr. Laumer reported (preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from the

Prostomaparticular haplotype seen

He suggested that we use the namely being listed in GenBank as

for the form we report herein.

Acknowledgments


in the Ouachita Mountains. Herprofessionalism, wide knowledge of the area, and

or the project aided our effortIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),L. Leeds, retired USDA Forest Service engineer(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted us

cting efforts. In addition, L. and S. Leedsgraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) forsupplying water quality data for the Ouachita River.

stly, we wish to acknowledge twoLaumer (Harvard University),

conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touse for this manuscript, and N. Van Steenkiste (University, Belgium), who showed PGDfreshwater nemertean and how to use the oxygendepletion method.

Literature Cited

andmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas AcademyScience 29:30




unately, we were uidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eight

Laumer. Mr. Laumer reported (

preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theProstoma

particular haplotype seenHe suggested that we use the name

ly being listed in GenBank asfor the form we report herein.

Acknowledgments



or the project aided our effortIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),

red USDA Forest Service engineer(ONF), and J. Kremers, Clarksville, for assisting us inthe Ozark Mountains. These knowledgeableindividuals kindly showed us localities in the Ozarks,chauffeured us to the various sites, and ably assisted us



conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touscript, and N. Van Steenkiste (

University, Belgium), who showed PGDmertean and how to use the oxygen

depletion method.

Literature Cited

andmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas AcademyScience 29:30-35.

andmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:



were uidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eight

Laumer. Mr. Laumer reported (

preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from theProstoma specimens



thank B. Crump, USDA Forest Servicebiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistancein our quest to find Podostemum


or the project aided our effortIn addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),






and GL Harpmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy

35.and

macroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:



were unable to determineidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eight

Laumer for identification. Mr. Laumer reported (

preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from thespecimens



thank B. Crump, USDA Forest Servicebiologist, Ouachita National Forest, for her assistance

Podostemumin the Ouachita Mountains. Her

professionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andor the project aided our effort

In addition, we also thank G. Leeds, retired USDAForest Service biologist, Ozark National Forest (ONF),






GL Harpmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy

and GL Harpmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:



nable to determineidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eight

for identification. Mr. Laumer reported (


particular haplotype seen elsewhere in the USAHe suggested that we use the name











GL Harpmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy

GL Harpmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:





elsewhere in the USAHe suggested that we use the name











GL Harp. 1975. Aquaticmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy

GL Harpmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:




preliminary DNA analysis of the haplotypes from thewere identical to a




Podostemum localities and ribbonin the Ouachita Mountains. Her








. 1975. Aquaticmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark andstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy

GL Harp.macroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:



for identification. Mr. Laumer reported (pers. comm





localities and ribbonin the Ouachita Mountains. Her









. 1990. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of theArkansas Academy of Science 44:23



for identificationpers. comm



ly being listed in GenBank as Prostoma







stly, we wish to acknowledge two ribbonLaumer (Harvard University),




1990. Aquaticmacroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of the

23-27.


nable to determine the exactidentity of ribbon worm (Fig. 2). Eight specimens

for identification using DNApers. comm



Prostoma



professionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andor the project aided our effort immensely.




ribbonLaumer (Harvard University),





27.


the exactspecimens

using DNApers. comm.) that



Prostoma



professionalism, wide knowledge of the area, andimmensely.




ribbonLaumer (Harvard University),

conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name touscript, and N. Van Steenkiste (Hasse

University, Belgium), who showed PGD his firstmertean and how to use the oxygen

. 1975. Aquaticmacroinvertebrate fauna of an Ozark and Deltaicstream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy



the exactspecimens

using DNA.) that


elsewhere in the USA andHe suggested that we use the name

Prostoma







ribbon wormLaumer (Harvard University), who

conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name toHasse

his firstmertean and how to use the oxygen

. 1975. AquaticDeltaic

stream. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy



the exactspecimens

using DNA.) that


andHe suggested that we use the name

cf.







wormwho

conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name toHasselt


. 1975. AquaticDeltaic

of



the exactspecimens

using DNA.) that


andHe suggested that we use the name

cf.






cting efforts. In addition, L. and S. Leedsgraciously provided us food, shelter, and use of theirhome as our laboratory while in their company.Appreciation is also expressed to J. Wise (ADEQ) for

wormwho

conducted the DNA analyses and provided a name tolt


of

macroinvertebrates of the St. Francis sunken landsin northeast Arkansas. Proceedings of the

147


http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol68/iss1/25

P.G. Davison, H.W. Robison, and C.T. McAllister


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Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2014

Documents

First Record of Ribbon Worms (Nemertea: Tetrastemmatidae