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First People – First Farmers. Paleolithic period – humans migrated out of Africa and adapted to new environments Egalitarian societies Developed sophisticated technologies. Key Concept 1.1. Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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First People – First Farmers
Key Concept 1.1. Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth
The term Big Geography draws attention to the global nature of world history. Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savanna to desert to Ice Age tundra. By making an analogy with modern hunterforager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian. Humans also developed varied and sophisticated technologies.
What key points should we take from this key concept?
Key Dates
3,500 B.C.E. – 1000 B.C.E – rise of first civilizations
What is meant by the term Civilizations?
New type of civilization made possible by the AR
• Large populations• Cities – 10,000 +• State organizes &controls citizens• Economic specialization• Inequality of wealth Describe the differences in
control over people in chiefdoms and civilizations.
Origins of Civilizations
• Neolithic Revolution (AR)• Irrigation Projects• Attempted order• Protect the elite• Warfare
Rise of the State
• Purpose of states • Conflict between peoples• Large scale irrigation• Warfare and protection
• Source of Power• China – son of heaven• Stewards of local god• Ability to collect and distribute tribute• Force is possible
Independent, global, 3,500 B.C.E. – 1000 B.C.E.
Mesopotamia
Nile River Valley
Indus River Valley
ShangOlmecs
Norte Chico
Core and Foundational Civilizations
Global
phenomenon
Civilizations led to inequality
Egyptian man beating a slavewhile another begs for mercy
• Burial sites and architecture show inequalities
• Slavery arises with civilizations
• Society becomes patriarchal
Laws make distinctions between classes
Legal System
• The Code of Hammurabi • Established high standards of
behavior and stern punishment for violators– lex talionis – “law of retaliation”– Social status and punishment– women as property, but some rights
Rise of Patriarchal Societies
WarfarePlow based agricultureTaming natureMore children Property inheritance “Demotion of the Goddess”Continues today
Describe rights of Egyptian women
What led to the rise of
patriarchal societies?
What is horticulture?
Writing systems emergeStudy the table on page 79 of the textbook.
Add three observations to your notebook.
Oracle bones
Cuneiform
Mesopotamia
• 3,000 B.C.E.
• Temple• “Mountain of
the Gods
• 80% Urban
Ziggurat at Ur
Defensive Walls