FIRST AID & EMERGENCIES

CREATING A FIRST AID KIT

Using paper and a pencil create a first aid kit with a partner.

Think of all the things you might need in order to provide first aid to someone injured or ill. Draw and label each item inside your kit.

Quick Write:What are some examples of situations that might require

first aid?

What belongs in a First Aid kit?

Universal Precautions

• Protect both the caregiver and the victim from coming in contact with blood and other body fluids which contain pathogens.– Gloves– Ventilation devices– Washing hands before & after providing

aid.– Risk of HIV, Hepatitis B

Universal Precautions

The First Step• Check

– Observe the scene and the victim

• Call – Local

emergency # or 911

• Care– Give them the

necessary care

Types of Injuries• Abrasion

– Scraped skin on hard surface

• Laceration– Cut caused by

sharp object, a slicing

• Puncture– Sharp object, deep

wound• Avulsion

– Tissue is partially separated from skin

Injuries continued…

Can you tell which type of wound is portrayed in each picture?

How do I treat minor cuts and scrapes?

First Aid for Bleeding

• Cover wound with sterile or clean cloth

• Press Firmly• Elevate wound• Cover cloth with

bandage• Use a pressure

bandage or use pressure point control

• Call for help

How do I stop major bleeding?

Pressure Point Locations

• LAST RESORT– What can be tried

first?• Press the artery

against the bone to stop blood supply.

• Professional medical assistance is necessary if this is to be done.

Types of Burns & TreatmentClassified by depth

Causes:

Heat

Radiation

Chemicals

Electricity

Mr. Burns’s advice…

• 1st degree-– Run cold water over burn – Cover with sterile bandage once dry

• 2nd degree-– Blisters will appear– Run cold water over burn– Wrap burn loosely, do not pop blisters!

• 3rd degree-– CALL PROFESSIONAL HELP ASAP– Large amounts of cold water & cover with

sterile bandage– Fat, muscles, nerves and bone are damaged.

Classification of Burns

First Aid for Shock

Shock is the failure of the cardiovascular system to keep an adequate supply of blood circulating to vital organs

First Aid for Choking

• If the victim cannot speak, the airway is completely blocked.

• Use abdominal thrusts (quick inward & upward pulls)

• Use your fist and place it under the rib cage.

CommonEmergencie

s

Nosebleeds

Concussions

FaintingFractures

&Dislocations

Animal Bites

Strains&

Sprains

Muscle Cramps

POISON

• Any substance that causes injury or death when introduced to the body.– 90% of poisonings occur at home

• Poison enters the body in 4 ways:– Ingestion (swallowed via mouth)– Inhalation – Absorption (through the skin)– Injection

Help Us!1.It’s Saturday and you are rushing to get your chores done so you can go hang out with your friends. While you are cleaning the shower, you spill the bottle of household cleaner all over your pant leg. What do you do?2. The child you are babysitting burns their hand on the stove while you are preparing their mac n cheese . You notice the area is red and some blisters are starting to form. What type of burn is this? How do you treat it?

3. While jogging around the neighborhood, you twist your ankle. By the time you limp home, you notice it has started to swell and bruise. What type of injury is this? How do you treat it?

4. There has been a bad car accident. One of the victim’s legs appears to have been lacerated by a piece of glass from the windshield. There is a lot of blood loss. The victim also appears to pale and clammy and their breathing is very shallow. Explain what type of injury the victim suffered. How do you help them?