First Aid and Safety NOT including CPR Prepared for Health Education class at the Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush School District of Philadelphia Teacher:

First Aid and Safety

NOT including CPR

Prepared for Health Education classat the Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush

School District of Philadelphia

Teacher: Todd Corabi

Personal Safety and Injury Prevention

There are numerous areas that people need

to stay safe and protect themselves.

This powerpoint will help to make people

safety conscious AND give tips for basic first

aid for many potential accidents and

situations

Safety First

In the United States, more than 90,000 deaths occur each year due to accidents. Some of these accidents could be prevented if a person was safety conscious. That means “to be aware that safety is important and to be careful to act in a safe manner”

Prevention is the best way to avoid and reduce risks.

Prevention includes thinking ahead (preparation)

trying to spot possible hazards before accidents occur (observation)

Doing safe acts to prevent accidents (prevention)

How Accidental Injuries Occur

Many, but not all, accidental injuries happen because people become careless.

They are often the result of an “accident chain,” a sequence of events that leads to an unintentional injury.

The Accident Chain

The situation: Nicole has overslept. She is rushing to put her jacket on and eat breakfast so that she doesn’t miss the bus.The unsafe habit: When Nicole takes off her skates, she usually leaves them on the front steps.The unsafe action: Nicole is thinking only of getting to the bus stop. She races out of the door without looking where she is going.The accident: Nicole trips over her skates and falls forward onto the sidewalk.The result: When she falls, Nicole sprains her wrist and scrapes both hands. She also misses her bus.

Breaking the Accident Chain

By breaking just one link, you can disable the accident chain and prevent accidental injuries.

To break the accident chain:

Change the situation.

Change the unsafe action.

Change the unsafe habit.

Breaking the Accident Chain (cont’d.)

What actions could Nicole have taken to break a link in the accident chain?

(notes version of slide has possible answers)

Steps to Take in an Emergency

People can get injured or ill at any time and in any place.

If a person has a serious or life-threatening problem, he or she will need emergency care.

Always have a basic first aid kit ready with AT LEAST various band aids, bandages, non-latex gloves, alcohol swabs, tweezers, scissors, and gauze pads.

Steps to Take in an Emergency Check the Scene for safety:

If you get hurt, you can’t help someone else

Check the Person:Unconscious vs Conscious

see next slide(s)

CALL for help:Yell out loud for help from people

around you, CALL 911, notify someone in charge (if applicable),

Call/send for AED

Care for personUsing basic first aid/safety/CPR skills

CHECK THE PERSON

Unconscious vs Conscious people

Conscious =

Adults and older teens:Approach calmly, get permission, do a head to toe assessment

looking for obvious signs of trauma (broken bones, cuts, bleeding, etc) and asking questions

Younger teens and children ESPECIALLY little kidsApproach calmly, get their parent’s permission if possible, do a

toe to head assessment at their level (kneeling or sitting)

When to call 911????..EMERGENCIES

Examples include but are not limited to:

No signs of life, Unconsciousness, Deep burns,,

trouble breathing (with no response from Asthma

inhalers if Asthmatic), persistent chest pain,

vomiting blood, seizures, head injuries, broken

bones through skin, perceived neck/back injury

Prevention and First Aid

It is obviously better to prevent and avoid accidents

by being safe and being safety conscious. However,

even if we do everything we can to prevent accidents,

sometimes, they still occur.

The following slides will take SEVERAL situations and

Present to you basic prevention and first aid

treatment

VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

BLEEDING and CUTS

Stopping Severe Bleeding

To stop or slow blood loss, use the following methods:

Cover the wound with a clean cloth and press firmly against the wound with your hand. If it becomes soaked…use an additional clean cloth

If possible, elevate the wound above the level of

the heart to slow blood flow.

Remember to always use gloves when treating someone else to avoid contact with blood that may be infected with HIV


Poisoning

Poisoning:

PREVENTION:

Don’t drink ANYTHING if you don’t know what it is.

Keep cleaning fluids locked and away from children

Teach children to never drink anything unless given to them by an adult

Preventing Poisonings continued

To prevent accidental poisonings:

Never refer to a child’s medicine or vitamins as “candy.”

Make sure that all medicines have child-resistant caps.

Put all medicines and poisonous substances away immediately after using them.

Keep all cleaning products in their original, labeled containers.

Store all potentially poisonous substances in high cabinets, out of children’s reach. If possible, keep the cabinets locked.

Poisoning:

TREATMENT:

Poisoning: Call 911 or local poison control center (number in front of phone book) and follow the instructions you receive.

Save the container of the substance responsible for

the poisoning for hospital and medical care

Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by 911 or local poison control center


Burns

Treating Burns

There are three main types of burns:

First-degree burn: A burn in which only the outer layer of skin is burned and turns red (example = sun burn)

Second-degree burn: A moderately serious burn in which the burned area blisters

(curling iron, hot pot handle, hot water, hot steam)

Third-degree burn: A very serious burn in which all layers of the skin are damaged

(call 911, usually from fire, electricity or chemicals but possible from scolding hot water)

Treating Burns (cont)

Prevention:

First-degree burn: Use sun block, avoid contact with hot objects (duh)

Second-degree burn: Keep pot handles turned IN so they can’t be knocked into or grabbed for example.

Third-degree burn: Use protective gloves, eye wear, clothes and/or tools (such as when dealing with chemicals, fireplaces, grills, wires, etc)

Treating Burns (cont’d.)

Here is how each type of burn should be treated:

First-degree burn: Flush the burned area with cold water (not ice) for at least 15 minutes then wrap loosely in clean dressing. You may then use ice if desired

Second-degree burn: Minor second-degree burns can be treated by flushing the affected area with cold water (not ice) and elevating the burned area. Wrap in clean dressing..do not pop blisters

Third-degree burn: Call 911 or an ambulance at once. Do not attempt to remove burned clothing. While waiting for medical help, keep the victim still and have him or her sip fluids.

NOTE: If a burn is from electric or chemicals DO NOT use water or ice!!!!!!!


FIRE Safety

Fire Safety

Here are some of the leading causes of fires in the home:

Careless cooking habits

Careless cigarette smoking

Improper storage of flammable materials

Electrical overload or damaged electrical circuits and wiring

Preventing Fires

You can prevent fires by taking the following safety measures:

Keep stoves and ovens clean.

Store matches and cigarette lighters in safe places, out of the reach of children.

Check electrical appliances for loose or damaged cords. Repair or replace damaged appliances and broken outlets.

If you smoke..never smoke in bed and make sure all cigarettes and ashes are “out” before throwing away

Being Prepared for a Fire

Smoke alarms can provide a strong defense against injuries or death from fires. Keep the following points in mind when using smoke alarms:

Install a smoke alarm on every level of the house, preferably outside a sleeping area and in every room.

Check smoke alarms once a month by pushing the test button. Also, change their batteries at least once a year.

Being Prepared for a Fire (cont’d.)

Water will put out fires in which paper, wood, or cloth is burning. However, water must not be used on oil, grease, or electrical fires.

If a small grease fire starts in the kitchen, turn off heat, cover to “smother” flames.

However, small fires get big FAST!!!

For this reason, every home needs at least one fire extinguisher.


Own a fire extinguisher and take the following precautions when using a fire extinguisher:

Make sure that you read and understand the instructions so that you can operate it in an emergency.

Check the pressure gauge periodically to make sure that the fire extinguisher is ready to use.

Replace or recharge it as necessary.


Here are some important points when escaping from fire:

Plan escape routes with your family in case of fire.

Most fatal fires occur during the night, so every escape route should begin in a bedroom.

A window with a fire escape or a ladder may save a life if flames, heat, or smoke block a bedroom door.

Decide on a meeting point outside so that everybody knows whether people are safe.

Practice the escape plan by holding a family fire drill every six months.

Escaping a Fire

1. If possible, leave quickly. Get out of the building before calling 911 or the fire department.

2. Before opening a closed door, feel it to see if it is hot.If it is, do not open it. There may be flames just outside the door.

Escaping a Fire (cont’d.)

3. If you must exit through smoke, crawl along the floor.

4. If you can't get out, stay in the room with the door closed.

Roll up a blanket or towel and put it across the bottom of the door to keep out smoke.

Escaping a Fire (cont’d.)

5. If your clothing catches fire, stop, drop, and roll.

6. Once outside, go to the prearranged meeting place. Let everyone know that you are safe. Then someone should call 911 or the fire department.


Falls, bruises,

sprains, strains,

broken bones

Preventing Falls

These safety rules can help you prevent falls:

In the kitchen: Clean up spills right away.

In the bathroom: Put a nonskid mat on the bottom of the tub or shower.

On the stairs: Keep all staircases well lit. At school: Follow school rules related to

safety.

Sprains and Bruises

Sprains and bruises:

Tell the victim not to use the injured body part. Then use the R.I.C.E. formula:

RestIceCompressionElevation

BROKEN BONES

Broken bones: Because moving broken bones can

cause further injury, have the person remain still until medical assistance arrives.

If a person needs to be moved, create a splint: Anatomical splint Soft splint Hard splint

See local Red Cross guide for details on these types of splints. It is better if they don’t move


Electrical safety

Preventing Electric Shocks

Electricity can be extremely dangerous.

Improper use or maintenance of electrical appliances, wiring, and outlets can cause severe electric shock.

There is also the danger of electrocution, or death resulting from electric shock.

Preventing Electric Shocks (cont’d.)

To avoid electric shock, follow these rules:

Never use an electrical appliance near water, such as in a bathtub, or if you are wet.

Unplug small appliances, such as hair dryers and toasters, when they are not in use. Repair or replace broken appliances.

Pull out an electrical plug by the plug itself, not by the cord.

Repair or replace loose or damaged cords.


Guns

Gun Safety

Observe the following basic gun safety rules if someone in your family, or someone you know, keeps guns at home:

Guns should be stored unloaded, in a locked cabinet.

Bullets should be stored in a different locked cabinet.

A gun should never be pointed at anyone, and its barrel should aim downward when someone is carrying it.

Gun Safety (cont’d.)

To protect yourself against weapons at school:

Cooperate with your school’s efforts to keep them off school grounds.

Know and follow school rules prohibiting the possession of weapons.

If you suspect that another student is carrying a gun or any other weapon, inform a teacher or school administrator. You can request that your name not be revealed.


Driving, Pedestrian

Non-motorized

“wheels”

Driving Safety

In every area of the United States, traffic laws are enforced to ensure order and safety.

In Philadelphia all passengers and the driver should wear a seat belt and children should be in the proper type of car or booster seat.

All drivers of motor vehicles are required to obey traffic regulations.

Never text while driving

Use cell phones only with hands free devices

Safety on Wheels (bikes, scooters, skates, skateboards)

You can have fun on wheels and be safe by following some important guidelines:

Check the equipment you use.

Always wear a helmet (law under 13)

When in-line skating, skateboarding, or riding a scooter, wear wrist guards, elbow and knee pads, and light gloves.

Wear athletic shoes for bicycling, skateboarding, or riding a scooter.

Obey local traffic rules

Safety on Foot

Obey traffic signals when crossing the street, and cross only at intersections or crosswalks.

Look left, right, and left again before stepping into the street.

Do not walk or run into the street from between parked cars.

Do not wear headphones while walking (one okay, 2 is distracting)


Neighborhood, personal

protection, parks and

recreation areas

Safety in Your Neighborhood

To reduce your chances of becoming a victim of deliberate injury:

Avoid potential trouble. Do not go out alone at night. Tell a parent about where you are going and when you will return home. Stay in well-lit areas.

Be smart and aware. Move away from anyone who makes you feel uncomfortable.

Get help when you need it. If anyone tries to touch you or says anything that frightens you, scream and run to the nearest public or safe place. Tell your parent or another trusted adult immediately.

Safety in Your Neighborhood

Stages of self defense:

Aware: be aware of everything and everyone around you

Avoidance: Don’t go near potentially bad situations if possible, play it safe when dealing with money, jewerly

Prevention: If possible, find a way to get away from a fight

Physical Contact: If you have no choice, FIGHT

Follow up: create a police report, tell your parents/school

Outdoor Recreational Safety

You can stay safe outdoors by following these commonsense rules:

Take a buddy. Stay aware. Know your limits. Use good judgment. Be sure to warm up and cool down.

Water Safety

Follow these rules to stay safe in and around water:

Learn how to swim well. Always swim with a buddy and only when a

lifeguard or adult is present. Do not swim when you are tired. Check the water depth before you dive—it

should be at least 9 feet. Do not try diving unless you have been

taught the proper technique.

Water Safety (cont’d.)

Get ready. Raise your arms gently and cross them. At the same time, place one left forward and the other one back.

Stay calm. Allow your arms, legs, and neck to go limp. Take a deep breath and holdit as you sink vertically intothe water. Only the top part of your head should remain above the surface.

Raise your head. Keeping your arms and legs in the same position as in step 2, raise your head quickly but smoothly above the water. Exhale through your nose.

Go below the surface. While holding your breath, put your head down. As you drop below the surface, press downward with your arms and hands to keep yourself from going too far.

Rest. Stay under water and rest for six to ten seconds. Then repeat steps 2 through 5. Continue this technique until help arrives.

Take a breath. To keep your head above your surface, gently sweep your arms down and out while you step downward with both the feet. Take a freshbreath throughyour mouth.

Get ready. Raise your arms gently and cross them. At the same time, place oneleg forward and the other one back.

Stay calm. Allow your arms, legs, and neck to go limp. Take a deep breath and hold it as you sinkvertically intothe water. Only the top part of your head should remain above the surface.

Raise your head. Keeping your arms and legs in the same position as in step 2, raise your head quickly but smoothly above the water. Exhalethrough yournose.

Go below the surface. While holding your breath, put your head down. As you dropbelow thesurface, press downward with your arms and hands to keep yourself from going too far.

Rest. Stay under water and rest for six to ten seconds. Then repeat steps 2 through 5. Continue this technique until help arrives.

Take a breath. To keep your head above the surface, gently sweep your arms down and out while you stepdownward with both feet. Take a fresh breath through yourmouth.


Weather related

emergencies

And natural disasters

What Are Weather Emergencies?

Certain emergency situations that no one can prevent include weather emergencies, or dangerous situations brought on by changes in the atmosphere.

Common weather emergencies include storms, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, and thunderstorms.

What Are Weather Emergencies? (cont’d.)

The National Weather Service (NWS) issues two types of advisories, or reports:

Storm watches: These are issued when current weather conditions indicate that a storm is likely to develop.

Storm warnings: These are issued when an actual weather emergency is occurring and people in the affected area are in immediate danger.

Emergency Supplies Kit

Keep these supplies ready in the event of a weather emergency or natural disaster.

Tornadoes

If a tornado watch is issued, use a battery-powered radio to listen to updates and prepare to take shelter.

Move underground into a cellar or basement or go to a windowless interior room or hallway. If you are outdoors, lie in a ditch or flat on the ground.

Cover yourself with whatever protection you can find, such as a mattress or heavy blanket.

Hurricanes

A hurricane is a strong windstorm with driving rain that originates at sea.

Each hurricane has a center, called its eye, where weather conditions are calm.

A circular cloud mass whirls around the eye, giving the storm its fiercest strength.

Follow these guidelines in the event of a hurricane:

Board up windows and doors. Bring items such as outdoor furniture and bicycles inside.

Evacuate immediately if the NWS or local officials advise you to do so.

If no evacuation is advised, stay indoors. Be prepared for power loss by keeping a working flashlight and battery-powered radio on hand, along with extra batteries for both items.

Hurricanes

Blizzards and Thunderstorms

A blizzard is a very heavy snowstorm with winds of up to 45 miles per hour.

During a blizzard, stay inside if possible.

If you are caught outside, keep moving and find shelter as soon as possible.

While looking for shelter, keep your head, nose, mouth, and ears covered to prevent hypothermia.

Blizzards and Thunderstorms (cont’d.)

Thunderstorms can occur almost anywhere, but they usually cause only minor damage.

In the event of a thunderstorm, especially one that includes lightning:

If possible, stay inside or seek shelter during the storm.

Be prepared for power loss. Unplug electrical appliances, and avoid using the telephone or running water until the storm has passed.

Natural Disasters

A natural disaster is an event caused by nature that results in widespread damage, destruction, and loss. Floods and earthquakes are examples of natural disasters. To prepare for such events, put together an emergency supplies kit as shown previously.

Floods

If the NWS issues a flood watch for your area, move valuable items to higher levels of your home, and keep your emergency kit handy.

Listen to radio bulletins while you watch for signs of rising water.

Floods (cont’d.)

A flood warning means that you should evacuate your home, if so advised, and move to higher ground away from rivers, streams, and creeks.

Warning of a flash flood, one that can rise suddenly and violently, requires immediate evacuation.

Floods (cont’d.)

In any flood situation, stay tuned to the radio and follow these safety rules:

Never walk, swim, ride a bike, or drive a car through the water. Drowning is a risk. So is electrocution from downed power lines.

Drink only bottled water. Floods can pollute the water supply.

If an evacuation is ordered, return home only after being advised that it is safe to do so.

On returning home after the floods, throw away contaminated food. Disinfect anything that has come in contact with floodwaters.

Earthquakes

An earthquake, a violent shaking of the earth’s surface, can be a fearsome natural disaster. It is usually not a single event; after the initial shaking, several aftershocks, or secondary earthquakes, often occur.

Earthquakes (cont’d.)

Follow these guidelines to protect yourself during an earthquake.

Even this LONG slide show which is comprehensive can not

be ALL inclusive. In general:

use common sense to try to prevent accidents from

occurring

When needed, use safety devices and follow rules

Provide basic first aid to the best of your ability and call 911

if an emergency

Documents

First Aid and Safety NOT including CPR Prepared for Health Education class at the Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush School District of Philadelphia Teacher: