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Pass
ive
(Str
uctu
ral)
Fire
Pro
tect
ion:
Com
part
men
tatio
nan
d Fi
re b
arrie
rs(F
ire S
topp
ing)
Ian
Robe
rtso
nBA
(Hon
s) M
Sc C
MIO
SH M
IFire
ERo
bert
son
Nor
th L
td
3
AIM
For d
eleg
ates
to u
nder
stan
d th
e re
ason
for
com
part
men
tatio
nin
bui
ldin
gs a
s a
mea
ns o
f pr
otec
tion
agai
nst t
he s
prea
d of
fire
and
the
prod
ucts
of c
ombu
stio
n.
4
LEAR
NIN
G O
UTC
OM
ESAs
a re
sult
of th
is se
ssio
n th
e de
lega
te w
ill b
e ab
le to
:
!U
nder
stan
d th
e im
port
ance
of c
ompa
rtm
enta
tion.
!Be
abl
e to
iden
tify
brea
ches
in c
ompa
rtm
enta
tion.
!Be
abl
e to
iden
tify
acce
ptab
le c
ompa
rtm
enta
tion.
!Kn
ow th
e pr
oced
ure
to b
e ad
opte
d w
hen
unac
cept
able
com
part
men
tatio
nis
iden
tifie
d.
5
The
Law
•Th
e Re
gula
tory
Ref
orm
(Fire
Saf
ety)
Ord
er 2
005
requ
ires
that
an
empl
oyer
or
con
trol
ler o
f pre
mis
es (t
he ‘r
espo
nsib
le p
erso
n’) m
anag
es th
e ris
k to
em
ploy
ees
and
visi
tors
etc
from
fire
. Thi
s O
rder
is e
nfor
ced
by th
e Fi
re a
nd
Resc
ue S
ervi
ce a
lthou
gh th
e H
SE a
lso
deal
with
spe
cific
risk
s as
soci
ated
w
ith fi
re a
nd/o
r spe
cial
ist a
reas
suc
h as
che
mic
al a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s.
Loca
l aut
horit
ies
may
be
the
enfo
rcin
g au
thor
ity fo
r som
e pr
emis
es s
uch
as s
port
s gr
ound
s or
pla
ces
of e
nter
tain
men
t.•
The
mos
t im
port
ant d
uty
is to
ens
ure
that
a s
uita
ble
& s
uffic
ient
fire
risk
as
sess
men
t is
carr
ied
out b
y a
com
pete
nt p
erso
n. In
som
e lo
w ri
sk
envi
ronm
ents
, thi
s ca
n be
com
plet
ed in
-hou
se b
ut it
mus
t be
carr
ied
out
by fo
llow
ing
the
rele
vant
gui
danc
e do
cum
ent.
Whe
re th
ere
are
5 or
mor
e em
ploy
ees
it m
ust b
e re
cord
ed. F
or m
ore
com
plex
env
ironm
ents
it is
ad
visa
ble
to s
eek
spec
ialis
t adv
ice.
•Fi
re p
reve
ntio
n sy
stem
s m
ust b
e pu
t in
plac
e an
d th
ese
can
take
the
form
of
equ
ipm
ent,
mai
nten
ance
of e
quip
men
t, tr
aini
ng a
nd s
ite ru
les.
6
Stat
utor
y gu
idan
ce d
ocum
ents
• E
ng
lan
d &
Wa
les
–B
uild
ing
Re
gu
latio
ns
20
10
Ap
pro
ved
Do
cum
en
t B
(1
-2)
• S
cotla
nd
–Te
chn
ica
l Ha
nd
bo
ok
B 2
01
0
• N
ort
he
rn Ire
lan
d –
Tech
nic
al B
oo
kle
t E
20
05
Oth
er
cod
es
of p
ract
ice
• B
S 9
99
9: F
ire
sa
fety
in th
e d
esi
gn
, m
an
ag
em
en
t a
nd
use
of
Bu
ildin
gs
•B
S 9
99
1: F
ire
Sa
fety
in th
e d
esi
gn
, m
an
ag
em
en
t a
nd u
se o
f re
sid
en
tial b
uild
ing
s
• B
S 7
97
4: A
pp
lica
tion
of fir
e s
afe
ty e
ng
ine
eri
ng
pri
nci
ple
s to
the
de
sig
n o
f b
uild
ing
s (A
CO
P)
7
Oth
er re
leva
nt g
uida
nce
•H
ousi
ng A
ct 2
004
•PA
S 7
(201
3)•
PAS
79 (2
012)
•La
cors
‘Gui
danc
e on
Fire
Saf
ety
prov
isio
n fo
r cer
tain
ty
pes
of e
xist
ing
hous
ing’
•Lo
cal G
ovt G
roup
; Fire
Saf
ety
in p
urpo
se b
uilt
bloc
ks
of fl
ats
•Fi
re S
afet
y in
Spe
cial
ized
Hou
sing
(CFO
A)•
DCL
G F
ire R
isk
Asse
ssm
ent g
uide
s
8
Type
s of
Fire
Ris
k As
sess
men
t (D
wel
lings
)
•Ty
pe 1
Com
mon
par
ts o
nly
(non
-des
truc
tive)
•Ty
pe 2
Com
mon
par
ts o
nly
(des
truc
tive)
•Ty
pe 3
Com
mon
par
ts a
nd fl
ats
(non
-des
truc
tive)
•Ty
pe 4
Com
mon
par
ts a
nd fl
ats
(des
truc
tive)
(LGG
, Fire
in p
urpo
se b
uilt
bloc
ks o
f fla
ts)
9
Com
part
men
tatio
n•
Prev
ent s
prea
d of
fire
and
sm
oke
• Su
bdiv
ide
build
ings
into
man
agea
ble
area
s of
ris
k•
Prov
ide
adeq
uate
Mea
ns o
f Esc
ape
• Pr
ovis
ion
in s
tatu
tory
gui
danc
e do
cum
ents
10
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
Sect
ion
88.
1 Th
e sp
read
of f
ire w
ithin
a b
uild
ing
can
be
rest
ricte
d by
sub
-div
idin
g it
into
com
part
men
ts
sepa
rate
d fr
om o
ne a
noth
er b
y w
alls
and
/or f
loor
s of
fir
e re
sist
ing
cons
truc
tion.
The
obj
ect i
s tw
o fo
ld:
a)To
pre
vent
rapi
d fir
e sp
read
whi
ch c
ould
trap
oc
cupa
nts
of th
e bu
ildin
g; a
ndb)
To re
duce
the
chan
ce o
f fire
s be
com
ing
larg
e, o
n th
e ba
sis
that
larg
e fir
es a
re m
ore
dang
erou
s no
t on
ly to
the
occu
pant
s an
d Fi
re a
nd R
escu
e Se
rvic
e pe
rson
nel,
but a
lso
to th
e pe
ople
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f th
e fir
e.
11
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
8.20
Eve
ry c
ompa
rtm
ent w
all a
nd
com
part
men
t flo
or s
houl
d;a)
Form
a c
ompl
ete
barr
ier t
o th
e fir
e be
twee
n th
e co
mpa
rtm
ents
they
sep
arat
e an
d;b)
Hav
e th
e ap
prop
riate
fire
resi
stan
ce a
s in
dica
ted
in A
ppen
dix
A, T
able
s A1
and
A7
(Thi
s re
fers
to th
e du
ratio
n of
pro
tect
ion
requ
ired,
ie30
min
s, 6
0 m
ins
or 1
20 m
ins)
12
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
Sect
ion
9:D
etai
ls th
e re
quire
men
ts fo
r con
ceal
ed s
pace
s,
cavi
ties
and
void
s.
It al
so d
etai
ls th
e us
e of
cav
ity b
arrie
rs a
nd th
e re
quire
men
ts fo
r dou
ble
skin
ned
corr
ugat
ed
roof
ing.
13
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
Sect
ion
10: P
rote
ctio
n of
ope
ning
s an
d fir
e st
oppi
ng.
10.1
Sec
tions
8 &
9 m
ake
prov
isio
ns fo
r fire
-sep
arat
ing
elem
ents
an
d se
t out
the
circ
umst
ance
s in
whi
ch th
ere
may
be
open
ings
in th
em. T
his
sect
ion
deal
s w
ith th
e pr
otec
tion
of
open
ings
in s
uch
circ
umst
ance
s.
14
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
Sect
ion
10:
10.2
If a
fire
-sep
arat
ing
elem
ent i
s to
be
effe
ctiv
e, e
very
join
t or
impe
rfec
tion
of fi
t, or
ope
ning
to a
llow
ser
vice
s to
pas
s th
roug
h th
e el
emen
t, sh
ould
be
adeq
uate
ly p
rote
cted
by
seal
ing
or fi
re-s
topp
ing
so th
at th
e fir
e re
sist
ance
of t
he
elem
ent i
s no
t im
paire
d.10
.3Th
e m
easu
res
in th
is s
ectio
n ar
e in
tend
ed to
del
ay th
e pa
ssag
e of
fire
. The
y ge
nera
lly h
ave
the
addi
tiona
l ben
efit
of
reta
rdin
g sm
oke
spre
ad, b
ut th
e te
sts
spec
ified
in A
ppen
dix
A fo
r int
egrit
y do
es n
ot d
irect
ly s
tipul
ate
crite
ria fo
r the
pas
sage
of
sm
oke.
15
APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
Sect
ion
10:
Fire
-Sto
ppin
g10
.17
(b) A
ll op
enin
gs fo
r pip
es, d
ucts
. Con
duits
or
cabl
es to
pas
s th
roug
h an
y pa
rt o
f a fi
re-s
epar
atin
g el
emen
t sho
uld
be:
i)Ke
pt a
s fe
w in
num
bers
as
poss
ible
; and
ii)Ke
pt a
s sm
all a
s pr
actic
able
; and
iii)
Fire
-sto
pped
(whi
ch in
the
case
of a
pip
e or
duc
t, sh
ould
allo
w fo
r the
rmal
mov
emen
t)
16APPR
OVE
D D
OCU
MEN
T B
(Con
t’d)
Sect
ion
10:
10.1
9 Pr
oprie
ty fi
re-s
topp
ing
and
seal
ing
syst
ems
(incl
udin
g th
ose
desi
gned
for s
ervi
ce p
enet
ratio
ns) w
hich
hav
e be
en s
how
n by
test
to m
aint
ain
the
fire
resi
stan
ce o
f the
w
all o
r oth
er e
lem
ent,
are
avai
labl
e an
d m
ay b
e us
ed,
Oth
er fi
re-s
topp
ing
mat
eria
ls in
clud
e:•
Cem
ent m
orta
r;•
Gyp
sum
-bas
ed p
last
er;
•Ce
men
t-ba
sed
or g
ypsu
m-b
ased
ver
mic
ulite
/per
lite
mix
es;
•G
lass
fibr
e, c
rush
ed ro
ck, b
last
furn
ace
slag
or c
eram
ic-
base
d pr
oduc
ts (w
ith o
r with
out r
esin
bin
ders
); an
d•
Intu
mes
cent
mas
tics
17
Prot
ectio
n fr
om fi
re
18
Wal
ls, C
eilin
gs a
nd v
oids
• N
ew c
onst
ruct
ion/
alte
ratio
ns•
Is it
fire
resi
stin
g co
nstr
uctio
n?•
Doo
rs/w
alls
/gla
zing
/cei
ling?
• Ch
ange
s to
mea
ns o
f esc
ape
layo
ut?
• Ro
le o
f sus
pend
ed c
eilin
gs?
• Is
com
part
men
tatio
nm
aint
aine
d in
hidd
en s
pace
s?•
Hol
es in
hid
den
spac
es?
• Th
ird p
arty
cer
tific
ated
prod
ucts
/ins
talle
rs?
• RE
CORD
S?
19
20
Acce
ptab
le fi
re-s
topp
ing
21
22
23
Un-
acce
ptab
le fi
re-s
topp
ing
24
25
Fire
Doo
rs•
Look
at A
LL fi
re d
oors
on
esca
pe ro
utes
• Is
it a
fire
doo
r?•
Void
s•
Labe
ls/p
lugs
• Co
rrec
t doo
r gap
s ar
ound
edg
es?
• ~3
mm
• Fr
ame
fixed
/sea
led
to o
peni
ng?
• Su
itabl
e Iro
nmon
gery
?•
3 hi
nges
• O
pera
tion
of lo
ck/l
atch
/str
iker
• Pr
esen
ce o
f sel
f-clo
sing
dev
ice
• Se
cure
kno
bs, h
andl
es e
tc
26
Oth
er P
assi
ve F
ire S
afet
y m
easu
res
• Fi
re p
rote
ctio
n to
str
uctu
ral f
ram
e(w
here
vis
ible
)•
Goo
d co
nditi
on?
• Co
mpl
ete?
• Ca
vity
bar
riers
(whe
re v
isib
le)
• IF
TH
ERE
ARE
PRO
BLEM
S CA
LLIN
A T
HIR
D P
ARTY
INSP
ECTO
R•
Third
par
ty c
ertif
icat
edpr
oduc
ts/i
nsta
llers
?•
RECO
RDS?
27
Get
ting
it w
rong
28
How
Fas
t Doe
s Sm
oke
Trav
el?
Cons
ider
this
:•
A sq
uare
room
6m
x 6
m x
3m
has
a p
enci
l ho
lebe
twee
n co
mpa
rtm
ents
.•
How
long
will
it ta
ke fo
r the
sm
oke
to fi
ll th
e ro
om to
a th
ickn
ess
such
that
you
ca
nnot
see
you
r han
ds h
alf a
met
re in
fr
ont o
f you
?
30
END
OF
SESS
ION
(ANY
QUE
STIO
NS)
Ian
Robe
rtso
n,Ro
bert
son
Nort
h Lt
d07
976
2204
23ro
bert
son.
nort
h@ou
tlook
.com