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BASIC FIRE FIGHTING & SAFETY

FIREFIRE IS AN EXOTHERMIC COMBUSTION REACTION WHICH LIBERATES LARGE AMOUNTS OF HEAT, SMOKE & LIGHT AS MAIN PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION3FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION OF 3 ELEMENTSWHAT IS FIRE ?Since it needs all three components to start a fire.Fire Extinguishers remove one or more of the components.

The Fire Triangle identifies the three components of any Fire:Fuel Paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical equipment, etc...Energy (Heat) Sufficient to support combustion. Referred to as the ignition source.Oxidizer (Air) If any one of these is missing, A fire cannot continue. 4Types of

Fire ClassFire TypeMaterials involvedAGeneralWood, paper, cloth, trash etc

BFlammable LiquidsFlammable solvents, liquids, Oils, Greases, Paints etcCElectricalFlammable GasesEnergized electrical equipment and All flammable gasesDMetalsWater reactive Chemicals, Combustible metals etc

DFIRE FIGHTING METHODSSTARVATIONElimination of FUEL

SMOTHERINGLimitation of OXYGEN

COOLINGRemoval of TEMPERATURE

POSSIBLE FIRE RISK IN OFFICE PREMISESElectrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

Mal function of appliances leading to electrical fire

Carelessly discarded cigarette butts

Overheating of electrical appliances Electric Stove, Oven

Malfunction of AC

LPG leakage

Photocopier toner

UPS and EPABX batteryPOSSIBLE FIRE RISK IN RESIDENCES Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

Mal function of appliances leading to fire

Carelessly discarded cigarette butts, aggarbatti

Overheating of electrical appliances

Malfunction of Air conditioners

LPG leakage, overheating of geysers

Storage of inflammable / combustible goods

Small mishaps in kitchens due to cooking OIL overheated HOW TO ACT IN THE EVENT OF FIREPerson Discovering Fire Please remain calm and do the following:Call your emergency number IMMEDIATELY. State your name and give the exact location of the fire. If a phone is not available, SHOUT FIRE . FIRE . FIRE.If it is safe to do so, remain at the fire spot to direct the floor and use available means to extinguish or contain the fire.DO NOT ENTER A SMOKE FILLED AREA ALONE, or without protection.NEVER LET A FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND THE WAY OUT/ EXIT.Always remain calm, If it is necessary to leave the building, follow the exit signs, DO NOT use elevator.If fire is out of control then call fire brigade number.

FIRE FIGHTING MEDIAWATERCOOLING

SMOTHERING

DILUTION

FIRE FIGHTING MEDIASANDAbsorbs FuelSmothersBLANKETINGJacketsAsbestos BlanketsBEATING OUTFire BeatersDifferent Kinds of Portable ExtinguishersThe 4 most common fire extinguishers:All Purpose WaterCarbon DioxideMulti-Purpose Dry ChemicalDry Powder

Each kind of extinguisher has a specific useFIRE FIGHTING MEDIAAll Purpose Water

Use on CLASS A firesPressurized waterPressure gauge presentCarbon Dioxide (CO2)Black body (Old type) or red body with black label (New type)Best on Class B and C fires but safe to use on any type of fireSafe to use on fires involving electricityExtinguishes by reducing oxygen levels and cooling

Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical (ABC)

Use on CLASS A, CLASS B and CLASS C firesFine powder under pressurePressure gauge presentFire Extinguishers - FoamCream body (Old type) or Red Body with Cream labelSuitable for Class A and B Fires.Not suitable for use on fires involving electricityExtinguishes by cooling and sealing the surface of a burning liquid

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)Blue body (Old type) or Red body with blue label.Best on Class B fires but safe to use on any type of fire.Works by chemically interfering with the combustion reaction

Fire Extinguishers - BlanketAny colour body or label but they are usually red or whiteFor use on any type of fire but best on small contained class B fires and people on fire.Extinguishes by asphyxiating

18Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

DISCHARGE HOSEDISCHARGE NOZZLEDISCHARGE ORIFICEBODYDATA PLATECARRYINGHANDLEPRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2extinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVERDISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL19Applications of Fire ExtinguishersFire Class

Suitability of Extinguishers

Water

M/FABCDCP

CO2

Sand

Class A

-

-

Class B

-

Class C

-

Class D

(Spl. Grade)

Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

-

20FIRE EXTINGUISHER SUMMARYEXTINGUISHER WORKS ASEFFECTIVE AGAINSTPRESSURIZED WATERCOOLINGMECHANICAL FOAMBLANKETINGDRY CHEMICAL POWDERSMOTHERINGCARBON DIOXIDESMOTHERINGDRY SANDBLANKETING

D

Different Type of Fire ExtinguishersSr.noType of fire Extinguishers AvailableUsed for class of Fire In CBLHO1ABC (Powder based)All Classes(Versatile)2DCP(Powder based)B , C ClassesX 3CO2 (Gas based)B , C Classes & Electrical Fire

4WCO2 (Water based)A Class OnlyX 5AFFF (Foam based)B Class OnlyX

P.A.S.S. Method

Pull the pin

This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order to discharge the extinguisherP.A.S.S. Method

Aim at the base of the fire

Aiming at the middle will do no good. The agent will pass through the flames.P.A.S.S. Method

Squeeze the handle

This will release the pressurized extinguishing agentP.A.S.S. Method

Sweep side to side

Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye on the area for re-lighting.27How to use a Fire ExtinguisherRemember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.

Pull the pin.Aim the nozzle.Squeeze the handle.Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.

28RESPONSE AT FIRE SITUATIONFUELIGNITIONIndoor Fire

XAIROutdoor FireFUELIGNITIONAIRXX

X29FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSERescue rescue clients in immediate danger.

Alert Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number.

Contain Close all doors and windows.

Extinguish/ Evacuate Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, if appropriate.RACERemember to RACE during a fire IN CASE OF FIRE RAISE AN ALARM

Switch off main power supply

Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher to put of FIRE

Leave the room, closing door behind you, using the nearest FIRE EXITUse the STAIRS an move towards the ground Floor

Report to the Assembly Point at least 15 feet away from the building.

Inform the Fire BrigadeIN CASE OF FIRE DONTSDO NOT PANICDont try to use an Extinguisher if you do not know !!!Do not use any Electrical / Electronic Equipments

Do not congest towards ONE EXIT only, use alternate EXIT

Do Not use LIFTS / Escalators etc

Do not Re-enter the building32FIREFIGHTING DECISION CRITERIAKnow department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.Avoid smoky conditions.Ensure area is evacuated.Dont attempt to fight unless:Alarm is sounded.Fire is small and contained.You have safe exit route (can be reached without exposure to fire).Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.Evacuate! If in doubt.33MOST IMPORTANTOnly fight a fire in the incipient stageNEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply:Dont have the proper extinguisher or equipment.Fire has spread beyond its point of origin.Your instincts tell you GET OUT

When NOT to Fight FIRE?Remember to keep an exit to your back.

Do not fight the fire if : -Extinguisher is not enoughSmoke is affecting your breathingYou cannot see the way outGas cylinders or chemicals are involvedYour efforts are not reducing the size of the fire

there are 6 different types of burnsflame - caused when clothing ignites from heat or open flame sources

scald - caused by hot water, steam or food or liquidsFIRE INJURIESElectrical - caused by frayed electrical cords, electrical outlets or high tension wires

Contact - caused by touching hot surfaces

Chemical - caused by bleach, drain cleaner or other household cleaning products

It is important to treat your burn correctly, no matter what degree it isCool the burned area with cool water for at least 10 minutesNever put butter or ice on your burnthe doctor will give you something if needed

Seek medical treatment, if necessary

Stop where you are

NEVER RUN!Drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and

Roll back and forth until the flames are out.

If there is smoke, we should crawl low under the smoke until we are outside.

Before opening any doors, we should feel them with the back of our hand. If it feels hot, we should use our second exit.

we leave our office, we should remember to close the doors behind us to help slow the spread of smoke and give us more time to escape.

Sometimes the exit signs might not be red - but it means the same thing.

Look for exit signs in our office or public buildings like restaurants, theaters, malls and hotels.

And sometimes the exit sign may have an arrow on it - leading us to another exit to the outside.

THANK YOU....