FIRE PREVENTION AND PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS€¦ · Fire Protection Fire Ignition and Detection Classification of Fires Extinguishing a Fire Reporting Since fire is one of the

© 2010 Copyright - PEC/Premier Safety Management, Inc. – All Rights Reserved

Revision: 06-2010

CAP Safety Meetings

FIRE PREVENTION AND

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS1910 SUBPART L,Q – 1910.157

Revision: 06-20101

CAP Safety Meetings – Fire Prevention

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TRAINING OUTLINE

Fire Protection

Fire Ignition and Detection

Classification of Fires

Extinguishing a Fire

Reporting

Since fire is one of the most common hazards in the

workplace, it is important for us to know how to

properly use a fire extinguisher if a fire should break

out. Of course, fire prevention is always the best

safety policy to follow, but prevention is not always

possible. This Module teaches how to calmly and

effectively deal with fires and correctly use a fire

extinguisher.

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FIRE PROTECTION

The ability to recognize

and take action against

fire hazards in the

workplace will reduce the

need to utilize

extinguishing methods

and will contribute to a

safe work environment.

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PURPOSE OF FIRE PROTECTION

Fire protection is accomplished by proper:

• Prevention

• Detection

• Extinguishment

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PREVENTING THE IGNITION OF A FIRE

Housekeeping – proper disposal, proper storage

of materials, and common sense

Move hazards out of affected hot work area if

possible

Protect hazards if not movable – cover or seal

Spark containment – fire boxes

Locate hot work away from flammables

Smoking restrictions

Use approved equipment

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FIRE PREVENTION

The most effective method

of avoiding injury and

damage by fire is the

Prevention of the Fire

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NO SMOKING

No smoking in helicopter

landing area

Use approved lighters /

safety matches

Smoke in designated

areas only

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DETECTION

Constantly look for changing conditions

• Wind / Weather

• Conditions of fire covers or fire boxes

• Process changes: leaks / pipes and

flanges / heated equipment

• Job site emergencies /

incidents / job scope

changes

• Adjacent / near-by area

conditions

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DETECTION

Use of Gas Detector (by a trained worker)

• Continuous or periodic monitoring of hot work areas

Act on any new hazards detected

• Shutdown work and report to supervisor

• Correct move or protect the hazard

• Report to permit writer &

supervision if assistance

is needed

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http://www.detector.fi/Link.aspx?id=1142957



ELEMENTS OF A FIRE

Oxygen, heat, and fuel are

frequently referred to as the

Fire Triangle.

Add in the fourth element,

the chemical reaction, and

you actually have a fire

tetrahedron.

The important thing to

remember is: take any of

these things away, and you

will not have a fire or the fire

will be extinguished.

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CHEMISTRY OF A FIRE

Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid

oxidation or burning of a fuel

Re-flash is a condition

that can occur after a

fire appears to have been

extinguished and all of

the elements of fire come

together again in the

proper amounts

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NOTE: Never use water to put

out a grease fire!




SOURCES OF IGNITION

Electrical

Smoking

Friction

Burner Flames

Hot Surfaces

Overheated Material

Spontaneous Ignition

Cutting And Welding

Chemical Reactions

Static Sparks &

Lightning

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FOUR ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Oxygen - Fire needs only 16% to occur

Heat - Energy needed to make the fuel

give off vapors for fire to start

Chemical - Occurs when the three elements

Reaction are in proper mixture

Fuel - Can be any combustible

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES

Not all fires are the same!

They are classified according to the

type of fuel that is burning.

If you use the wrong type of fire

extinguisher on a class of fire, you

can, in fact, make matters worse.

It is therefore very important to

understand the four different fire

classifications.

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Class “A” Fires

• Ordinary combustibles (Wood, Paper, Trash)

• Any material that leaves an ash after burning

• Water serves to reduce the temperature

Class “B” Fires

• Flammable Liquids (Oil, Gas, Grease)

smothering effects which cuts off the oxygen

supply is most effective

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Class “C” Fires

• Energized Electrical Equipment

• De-energize the circuit

• Non-conductive extinguishing agent

• Such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Class “D” Fires

• Combustible Metals (Magnesium, Titanium,

Sodium)

• Require Special Extinguishing Agents

(Dry Powers, DO NOT USE WATER)

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FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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Used properly, portable fire extinguishers can save lives

and property by putting out small fires in the workplace

or containing one until the fire fighting personnel arrive.





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EXTINGUISHING METHODS

Cooling or Quenching

• Involves the absorption of heat while cooling the fuel to a point

where it no longer releases flammable vapors

Removal of Fuel

• Involves elimination of the source of the fuel, such as closing the

fuel valve on a natural gas fire, or transferring unburned fuel into

another tank, etc.

Smothering or Blanketing

• Removal of oxygen from the fire such as placing the lid on a

grease fire in a pan

NOTE: Some fires cannot be extinguished by smothering. For example,

ethylene oxide contains its own oxygen and requires special fire

fighting materials.

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INSPECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire Extinguishers shall be inspected when initially

placed in service and thereafter at approximately 30-day

intervals.

When inspecting fire extinguishers you should look for:

• Seal is in place and not broken

• Inspection tag up to date

• Nozzle is not plugged

• Look for corrosion on the

sides and bottom

• Pressure gauge in green

(if it has one)

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HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Remember the word PASS, which stands for:

Pull

Aim

Squeeze

Sweep

This will allow you to discharge

the extinguisher.

Test the extinguisher, make

sure it works.

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Pull the Pin




If you aim at the flames (which

is frequently the temptation),

the extinguishing agent will fly

right through and do no good

You want to hit the fuel

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Aim at the base of the fire




Squeeze the trigger and start using the

extinguisher from a safe distance away, then

move forward

Sweep from side to side until the fire is

completely out

Once the fire is out,

keep an eye on the

area in case it re-ignites

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Never turn your back to a fire or what was a fire

Keep it in front of you

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INCIPIENT STAGE

The time to use an extinguisher is in the Incipient Stage,

or beginning stages of a fire.

If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply

evacuate, and if in a building, close doors and windows

behind you as you leave.

Incipient stage fire

extinguishments means:

• Emergency Shut Down System

• Report Fire / Get Help

• Extinguish Fire only if you

think you can do so safely

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Get Some Help!




CLASS A, B & C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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=

ABC type dry chemical fire extinguishers

utilize a non-toxic monoammonium phosphate dry

chemical agent, which is highly effective against

Class A, B and C fires.




TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

20 POUND DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

For class “B” and “C” fires

(preferred extinguisher for class B fire)

20 pounds of highly refined dry chemical

(bicarbonate soda)

Activated by 5 1/2 oz. cartridge of CO2

(750 PSI in cylinder) pressure

extinguisher cylinder to 225 lbs.

Discharge 1 lb of powder per second

(extinguisher lasts 20 seconds)

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20 POUND DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

How to activate

1. Break the hose seal and remove nozzle from holder.

2. Lean extinguisher at 45 degree angle away from body.

3. Reach around the extinguisher without putting any body part

over the refill cap.

4. Push down on plunger to activate CO2 cartridge.

5. Squeeze nozzle to assure

extinguisher works.

6. Discharge at base of fire.

7. Be careful not to get too close to a

burning puddle of liquid. Pressure

from the nozzle could cause the

liquid to splash.

8. Attack fire from the upwind position.

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15 POUND CO2 EXTINGUISHER

Carbon Dioxide gives fast, safe and effective protection

for fires involving electrical equipment and flammable

liquids.

They are generally suited for use indoors, making them

ideal for today's office environments.

The cylinders are manufactured from

lightweight high grade aluminum, they

are highly effective, easy to use and

leave no messy residue to clear up.

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15 POUND CO2 EXTINGUISHER


(preferred extinguisher for class C fire)

Cylinder holds 15 pounds of liquid ( CO2) carbon

dioxide

Under a pressure of 850 - 900 pounds

Full weight approximately 41 pounds

Effective range 6 - 7 feet

Lasts 12 seconds

Leaves no residue

Does not conduct electricity

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CLASS C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS


(preferred extinguisher for class C fire)

Cylinder holds 15 pounds of liquid ( CO2)

carbon dioxide

Under a pressure of 850 - 900 pounds

Full weight approximately 41 pounds

Effective range 6 - 7 feet

Lasts 12 seconds

Leaves no residue

Does not conduct electricity

Revision: 06-201031




You can recognize a CO2 extinguisher by its hard horn and lack of

pressure gauge.

Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are filled with non-flammable carbon

dioxide gas under extreme pressure.

The pressure in the cylinder is so great that when you use one of

these extinguishers, bits of dry ice may shoot

out the horn.

These extinguishes work by displacing oxygen,

or taking away the oxygen element of the fire

triangle.

The carbon dioxide is also very cold as it comes

out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.

Therefore, be careful where you touch a spent

CO2 fire extinguishers!

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CLASS C FIRE EXTINGUISHERS




CLASS D FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Class D fires involve combustible

metals, such as:

• Magnesium

• Potassium

• Sodium

These materials burn at high

temperatures and will react

violently with water

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NEVER FIGHT A FIRE!

If it is spreading from its starting spot

If you cannot have your back to an exit

If the fire could block your escape route

To fight a fire, you need proper equipment and training

REPORT ALL FIRES!!!

If you don't have the correct type or large enough

extinguisher

If you are uncomfortable with the situation for any

reason, just let experienced fire fighters do their job.

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Remember, use incipient fire fighting techniques only!




NEVER FIGHT A FIRE!

If the fire is producing large amounts of smoke that

you would have to breathe in order to fight it.

If any sort of combustion will produce some amount of

carbon monoxide, but when synthetic materials such as

the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they

can produce highly toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide,

acrolein, and ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide.

These gases can be fatal in very small amounts.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something

unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out

quickly, and you don't want to become trapped.

Remember, always keep an exit at your back.

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STOP, DROP, AND ROLL

If you should catch on fire remember to:

• STOP

• DROP

• ROLL

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DROP




STOP, DROP, AND ROLL

Each year more than 15,000 people are seriously burned when their

clothes catch on fire. In more than half of the incidents, flammable

liquids or vapors were present on or around the person's clothing. It

can happen in many ways. When a person's clothing catches on fire,

action must be instinctive and immediate. There is no time to think.

The one thing you should never do is run.

The principles of STOP, DROP and ROLL are simple:

• Stop, do not run, if your clothes catch on fire.

• Drop to the floor in a prone position.

• Cover your face with your hands to protect it from the flames.

• Roll over and over to smother the fire. Don't stop until the flames have been

extinguished.

If you are near someone whose clothing catches on fire, be sure to

stop them from running and make them STOP, DROP and ROLL.

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SUMMARY

Prevention

Report Fires / Get Help

Understand what’s burning

If you think you can put the fire out with a fire

extinguisher do so, if not,

Get Help

You need the proper

training and equipment

to fight large fires

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Revision: 06-201039


Revision: 06-2010

CAP Safety Meetings Fire Prevention / Extinguishers

STUDENT NAME:

Student Quiz QUIZ DATE:

STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Circle the letter representing the correct answer to each quiz question below. Sign and date this quiz sheet.

©2010 Copyright - PEC/Premier Safety Management, Inc. - All rights reserved. Page – 1

1. The ability to recognize and take action against fire hazards in the workplace will reduce the need to utilize extinguishing methods and will contribute to a safe work environment.

A. True B. False

2. Fire protection is accomplished by:

A. Prevention

B. Detection

C. Extinguishment

D. All of the above

3. Classification of fires include:

A. Class A Fires – (Ordinary combustibles – wood, paper, trash)

B. Class B Fires – (Flammable Liquids – oil, gas, grease)

C. Class C Fires – (Energized Electrical Equipment)

D. Class D Fires – (Combustible Metals – Magnesium, Titanium, Sodium)

E. All of the above

4. Fire extinguishing methods include:

A. Use of wet clothes

B. Use of rubber gloves

C. Cooling or Quenching, Removal of Fuel and/or Smothering or Blanketing

D. Use of steel toe boots

5. When inspecting fire extinguishers you should: make sure the seal is in place and not broken, inspect the tag date, ensure nozzle is not plugged, inspect for corrosion, and ensure pressure gauge is in green if equipped.

A. True B. False

6. When extinguishing a fire, which method is the current method when using a fire extinguisher:

A. Shake extinguisher and aim at the top of the fire and as close as possible

B. Wrap a wet rag around the extinguisher to keep it from getting to hot

C. Pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle, and sweep from side to side.

D. Place the extinguisher on the ground and squeeze the handle

7. Incipient Stage Fire Extinguishments means: Activate emergency shutdown system, report fire/get help, and extinguish fire only if you can do so safely.

A. True B. False

8. You do not need proper equipment or training when fighting a fire as long as you have watched a safety video.

A. True B. False

9. In the event you catch on fire or see someone who is on fire you should stop, drop, and roll.

A. True B. False

10. You can use water to extinguish a grease fire as long as you are a safe distance from the fire.

A. True B. False

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Revision: 06-2010

CAP Safety Meetings Fire Prevention / Extinguishers

STUDENT NAME:

Student Quiz QUIZ DATE:

STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Circle the letter representing the correct answer to each quiz question below. Sign and date this quiz sheet.

©2010 Copyright - PEC/Premier Safety Management, Inc. - All rights reserved. Page – 2

STUDENT QUIZ – ANSWER KEY Below is the answer key for the above quiz. Obviously, do not print this page when printing the quiz for the students.

1. A

2. D

3. E

4. C

5. A

6. C

7. A

8. B

9. A

10. B

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Sign-In Sheet for Safe Operations Meeting

Date: Conducted By:

Means to Verify Understanding: □ Quiz □ Q & A - Group Discussion □ Hands On Demo

Safety Topic(s) Covered: Fire Prevention & Fire Extinguishers

Name ( p r I n t ) Signature Employee # or Last 4

digits of SS #

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

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25.

Documents

FIRE PREVENTION AND PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS€¦ · Fire Protection Fire Ignition and Detection Classification of Fires Extinguishing a Fire Reporting Since fire is one of the