Slide 1

Fire ExtinguisherPresented by Muhammad Ahsan

Key Learning PointsWhat is a Fire Extinguisher ?

Parts of a Fire Extinguisher

How to use a Fire Extinguisher

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Color Coding

Things to RememberTypes of Fire

Rule of Fire Fighting

Fire Extinguisher Inspection

Fire Extinguisher Maintenance

Conclusion

INTRODUCTIONThis is the Fire Triangle. Actually it's a tetrahedron, because there are four elements that must be present for a fire to exist. There must be Oxygen to sustain combustion, Heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature, Fuel to support the combustion and a Chemical Reaction between the other three elements.

The concept of Fire Prevention is based upon keeping these four elements separate.

OxygenFuelHeatChemical Reaction TYPES OF FIRESNot all fires are the same. Different fuels create different fires and require different types of fire extinguisher agents.

Class AClass BClass CClass DClass K

Some type of fire extinguishing agents can be used on more than one class of fire. Others have warnings where it would be dangerous for the operator to use a particular fire extinguisher agent.

Class AClass Afires are fires inordinary combustiblessuch aswood, paper, cloth, trash, and plastics..

Class BClass Bfires are fires inflammable liquids such asgasoline, petroleum oilandpaint.Class B Fires also include flammable gases such aspropaneandbutane. Class B fires do not include fires involving cooking oils and grease.

Class CClass Cfires are fires involvingenergized electrical equipmentsuch asmotors, transformers,andappliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire.

Class DClass Dfires are fires incombustible metals such aspotassium, sodium, aluminiumand magnesium.

8Class KClass Kfires are fires incooking oils and greasessuch asanimal fatsandvegetable fats.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERIt is an active fire protection device used to put out small fires till the fire fighters arrive. Fire extinguishers are a part of fire fighting equipment. used in accordance with the nature of fire and prevent the spread small fires from becoming big.

Parts of Fire Extinguisher A generally used fire extinguisher consists of the following parts,Safety Pin/SealHandleNozzlePressure GaugeHigh Pressure Gas CylinderExtinguishing Agent

TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERSWater and FoamCarbon DioxideDry ChemicalWet ChemicalClean AgentDry PowderWater MistCartridge Operated Dry Chemical

Water and FoamWater and Foamfire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away theheatelement of the fire triangle. Foam agents also separate theoxygenelement from the other elements.

Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only - they should not be used on Class B or C fires. The discharge stream could spread the flammable liquid in a Class B fire or could create a shock hazard on a class C fire.

Foam extinguishers can be used on Class A & B fires only.They are not for use on Class C fires due to the shock hazard.Carbon DioxideCarbon dioxidefire extinguishers extinguish the fire by taking away theoxygenelement of the fire triangle and also by removing theheat with a very cold discharge.

Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C fires. They are usually ineffective on Class A fires.

Dry ChemicalDry Chemicalfire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting thechemical reactionof the fire triangle.

Today's most widely used type of fire extinguisher is the multipurpose dry chemical that is effective on Class A, B and C fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier between theoxygenelement and thefuel element on Class A fires.

Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the correct extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the fire to reignite after apparently being extinguished successfully.

Wet ChemicalWet Chemicalis a new agent that extinguishes the fire by removing theheatof the fire triangle and prevents reigniting by creating a barrier between theoxygenandfuelelements.

Wet chemical or Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some may also be used on Class A fires in commercial kitchens.Clean AgentHalogenatedorClean Agentextinguishers include the halon agents as well as the newer and less ozone depleting halocarbon agents. They extinguish the fire by interrupting the chemical reactionof the fire triangle.

Clean agent extinguishers are primarily for Class B & C fires. Some larger clean agent extinguishers can be used on Class A, B and C fires.Dry PowderDry Powderextinguishers are similar to dry chemical except that they extinguish the fire by separating thefuelfrom theoxygen element or by removing theheatelement of the fire triangle.

However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class D or combustible metal fires, only. They are ineffective on all other classes of fires.

Water MistWater Mistextinguishers are a recent development that extinguishes the fire by taking away the heat element of the fire triangle. They are an alternative to the clean agent extinguishers where contamination is a concern.

Water mist extinguishers are primarily for Class A fires, although they are safe for use on Class C fires as well.Cartridge Operated Dry ChemicalCartridge Operated Dry Chemicalfire extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire triangle.

Like the stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers, the multipurpose dry chemical is effective on Class A, B and C fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier between the oxygen element and the fuel element on Class A fires.

Ordinary dry chemical is for Class B & C fires only. It is important to use the correct extinguisher for the type of fuel! Using the incorrect agent can allow the fire to re-ignite after apparently being extinguished successfully.

Fire Extinguisher color codingColor Coding of Extinguishers is a way to quickly recognize the extinguisher type but it varies from country to country and company to company but OSHA standards are;

THE RULES FOR FIGHTING FIRESJust remember the three A's Activatethe building alarm system or notify the fire department by calling 911. Or, have someone else do this for you.

Assistany persons in immediate danger, or those incapable on there own, to exit the building, without risk to yourself.

Only after these two are completed, should youAttemptto extinguish the fire.

A. If the fire is small and contained.B. If you are safe from toxic smoke.C. If you have a means of escape.D. If your instincts tell you it's ok.

QuestionsA. If the fire is small and contained.B. If you are safe from toxic smoke.C. If you have a means of escape.D. If your instincts tell you it's ok.

A.The time to use a fire extinguisher is in the early, or incipient, stage of a fire. Once the fire starts to grow or spread, it is best to evacuate the building, closing doors or windows behind you.

A. If the fire is small and contained.B. If you are safe from toxic smoke.C. If you have a means of escape.D. If your instincts tell you it's ok.

B.If the fire is producing large amounts of thick, black smoke or chemical smoke, it may be best not to try to extinguish the fire. Neither should you attempt to extinguish the fire in a confined space. Outdoors, approach the fire with the wind at your back. Remember that all fires will product carbon monoxide and many fires will produce toxic gasses that can be fatal, even in small amounts.A. If the fire is small and contained.B. If you are safe from toxic smoke.C. If you have a means of escape.D. If your instincts tell you it's ok.

C.You should always fight a fire with an exit or other means of escape at your back. If the fire is not quickly extinguished, you need to be able to get out quickly and avoid becoming trapped.A. If the fire is small and contained.B. If you are safe from toxic smoke.C. If you have a means of escape.D. If your instincts tell you it's ok.

D.If you do not feel comfortable attempting to extinguish the fire, don't try - get out and let the fire department do their job.FIRE EXTINGUISHER USEIt is important to know the locations and the types of extinguishers in your workplace prior to actually using one. Fire Extinguishers can be heavy, so it's a good idea to practice picking up and holding an extinguisher to get an idea of the weight and feel.Take time to read the operating instructions and warnings found on the fire extinguisher label. Not all fire extinguishers look alike.Practice releasing the discharge hose or horn and aiming it at the base of an imagined fire. Do not pull the pin or squeeze the lever. This will break the extinguisher seal and cause it to lose pressure.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER USEWhen it is time to use the extinguisher on a fire,Just remember to P.A.S.S.!

PullAimSqueezeSweep

30FIRE EXTINGUISHER USEPull the pin.

Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire from the recommended safe distance.

Squeeze the operating lever to discharge the fire extinguisher agent.

Sweep starting at the recommended distance, Sweep the nozzle or hose from side to side until the fire is out. Move forward or around the fire area as the fire diminishes. Watch the area in case of re-ignition.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER MAINTENANCEIn addition, fire extinguishers must be maintained annually in accordance with local, state and national codes and regulations. This is a thorough examination of the fire extinguisher's mechanical parts; fire extinguishing agent and the expellant gas. Your fire equipment professional is the ideal person to perform the annual maintenance because they have the appropriate servicing manuals, tools, recharge materials, parts, lubricants, and the necessary training and experience.

Things to RememberBefore you consider fighting a fire...Make sure everyone has left the building or is leaving.Make sure the Fire Fighters have been called.A fire extinguisher may keep a small fire from becoming a big one, but you must not endanger yourself by trying to fight a fire with the wrong insufficient equipment.Keep in mind that portable extinguishers are not designed for fighting large or spreading fires. Extinguishers are only useful under the right conditions.