Fire Basics PPT

Fire: Its Faster than You Think

HOME FIRE

SAFETY

KNOW HOW TO

DEAL WITH

FIRE . Prevention is the key to fire safety!

OUTLINE

1. Fire Prevention Goals

2. Fire Science- Awareness

3. Classification of Fire

4. Fire Extinguishers Application and Operation

5. Fire safety inspections

6. Evacuation plan

Life Safety

The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life.

Property Protection

The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage.

Protection of Environment / Operations

By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue.

FIRE SCIENCE

What elements are needed

to start a fire?

Fire triangle

Fuel + Oxygen + Heat = Fire + Heat + Light

FUEL

OXYGEN HEAT

The FIRE TRIANGLE represents the three elements

needed for fire to occur: heat, fuel, and oxygen.

FIRE SCIENCE

FIRE SCIENCE

FUEL CAN BE

LIQUID: Grease, Oil, Fuel;

SOLID: Wood, Paper, Metal;

GAS: Natural Gas, Propane, Acetylene.

Fuel can be any combustible material

in any state of matter - solid, liquid, or

gas. Most solids and liquids become a

vapor or gas before they will burn.

FUEL

OXYGEN HEAT

Examples: CLOTHING

FURNITURE

CURTAINS

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

FIRE SCIENCE

FUEL

OXYGEN HEAT

The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen.

(minimum 19.5% to Maximum 23.5%)

Fire requires an atmosphere with at least 12 14 % oxygen.

FIRE SCIENCE

Remember: Fuel + Oxygen + Heat = Fire

FUEL

OXYGEN HEAT

Heat is the energy necessary to increase

the temperature of the fuel to a point

where sufficient vapors are given off for

ignition to occur. Examples:

STOVES

HEATING APPLIANCES

FIREPLACES

DAMAGED WIRING

FIRE SCIENCE

CLASS A FIRES - Ordinary combustibles such as

wood, paper, cloth.

Classification of FIRE

CLASS B FIRES - Flammable liquids such as oil, grease


Classification of FIRE CLASS C FIRES - Gases and Liquefiable Gases

e.g. natural gas, hydrogen, propane, butane.

CLASS D FIRES - Flammable Metals


FIRE SCIENCE

What is smoke?

Common Causes of Fire

1. Kitchen Stoves

2. Electric Overloading

3. Faulty Wiring

4. Smoking in Bed

5. Lighting

6. Flammable Liquids

7. Candles

8. Children

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

Open Flames

Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: negligence in conducting hot work, such as welding,

cutting or grinding; improper use of candles; improper handling of flammable or combustible

liquids or flammable gases innear-to-potential ignition sources; and

matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed of, or left unattended near combustibles.


Electrical

Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: damaged electrical conductors, plug wires or

extension cords; use of faulty, modified or unapproved electrical

equipment; insufficient space or clearance between electrical

heating equipment and combustibles; short or overloaded circuits; loose electrical connections; and lighting.


COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE Electrical

Overloading

Loose Connections

Damaged Installations

Misuse of Elec. Meter rooms

Aged Wiring and Installations

Unattended Elec. Appliances

Cooking

Examples of possible unsafe conditions are as follows: deep frying in pots or pans on stove tops;

unattended cooking appliances; and

combustibles located dangerously close to

cooking equipment.


A fire started in the

kitchen area does not

take long before it is a

ball of flame reaching

quickly to the ceiling.

Fire fighters look

on as the fire

spreads across a

room.

The house is nearly

completely

consumed.

Kitchen Fire Photographs

Fires can easily double in size every 60 seconds, meaning there is little time to extinguish a fire before escape should be your primary goal if trapped.

Spontaneous Ignition and the Ignition of Waste Materials

Examples of such unsafe conditions are as follows: improper disposal of materials susceptible to

spontaneous combustion, such as oily rags from wood finishing or polishing;

accumulation of organic materials, such as green hay, grain or woodchips; and

accumulation of waste combustible materials near potential sources of ignition.


Careless Smoking

SMOKING IN BED


26

Principles of Fire Extinction

1. Starvation Removal of un-burnt material from

fire area

27


2. Smothering Cutting off the supply of oxygen from

fire area


3. Cooling Removal of heat from the burning

material/fire area

29


4. Breaking of chain reaction It is a chemical process

Fig: Extinguishing mechanism of multipurpose mono-ammonium phosphate dry chemical

NH3

&

H2O

Flame Steam

Meta-Phosphoric Acid

Ortho-Phosphoric Acid

Mono-ammonium phosphate

Phases/ Stages of Burning

It depends on the following factors

The amount of time, the fire has burnt.

The ventilation characteristics of the confining structure / Building

The amount and type of combustibles present.

Oxygen Rich Atmosphere Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

Phases/ Stages of Burning

1.

Incipient or beginning phase

2. Smoldering phase

3. Flame Stage

4. Heat Stage

WATER CO2

FOAM (AFFF)

DRY CHEMICAL POWDER (ABC, BC, D)

GAS (CO2, CLEAN AGENT)

TYPES OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

These are specially

designed for tackling

Class A fires (wood,

paper, straw, textiles,

coal etc.)

They fight the fire by

cooling, smothering

and starving in

combination.

WATER CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

These are ideally suited where

class A & B fires

Aqueous Film Forming Foam or

AFFF is particularly suited to fight

liquid spill fires such as petrol, oil,

fats, paints etc.

It works by forming a film on the

liquid hence smothering and

cooling the fire.

FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

These are suitable for class B & C

Class of Fire involving flammable

liquids for electrical equipment.

They cool and starve the fire.

They are also suited for D class

of fire when filled with

special powder.

They fight the fire by

smothering, starving and

inhibition.

POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER

These are multipurpose fire extinguishers suited for all

three types of fires i.e. A, B & C .

CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHER

They are environmental

friendly

They are harmless to your

electric and other equipment

They leave no residue!

Hence, they are called Clean

Agents!!

These are suitable for A B & C Class of Fire.

HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Firstly, READ the instructions on the sticker on the extinguisher!!!!

Remember (P.A.S.S.): Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

P - Pull the safety pin from the handle.

A - Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire.

S - Squeeze the handle to discharge the agent

S - Sweep side to side.

HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

WHAT TO DO

IN CASE OF

FIRE

DO NOT RUN

DO NOT WASTE TIME FOR

COLLECTING VALUABLES

DO NOT PANIC

INFORM FIRE BRIGADE ABOUT FIRE

ALERT NEIGHBOURS

CALL FIRE BRIGADE BY DIALLING

101

Fire Services

Fire 101

Central Fire Control Room & Ambulance

2942999 / 2251780

Banashankari Fire Station 26715088

Cookes Town Fire Station 22251780 / extn -229

Fire Protection Squad 22251780 / extn -219

Highground Fire Station 22251780 / extn -220

Jaya Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -201

J C Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -209

M S Building Fire Protection Squad

22251780 / extn -223

North Fire Station Mysore Road

22251780 / extn -206

Fire Services Peenya Fire Station 28391600

Rajaji Nagar Fire Station 22251780 / extn -227

Raj Bhavan Fire Protection Squad

22251780 / extn -218

Rescue Squad 22251780 / extn -207

South Fire Station 22251780 / extn -205

Vidhana Soudha Fire Production Squad

22251780 / extn -214

Whitefield Fire Station 28512101

Yeshwanthpur Fire Station 22251780 / extn -215

MAKE EXIT TO GROUND LEVEL

INSTEAD OF TERRACE

DO NOT USE LIFT TO ESCAPE

L I F T

IF POSSIBLE, USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS

FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS - EXAMPLES

1. Locked or blocked exits (common hazard)

2. Trash or debris, Electrical hazards Cooking hazards, Chemicals, Gas Cylinders

3. Exit Signs Blocked exits/isles/hallways

4. Fire extinguisher conditions Validity etc.

5. Emergency lighting

6. Emergency stairway doors blocked

FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS

REMEMBER

The best way to fight fire is to prevent it

Fire evacuation plan

Or

Emergency Preparedness

EVACUATION PLAN

COMPONENTS OF AN EVACUATION PLAN

Emergency Control Committee - develops plan

Emergency Crews - administer plan

Escape routes - primary & secondary

Maps - posted indicating escape routes, first aid kits and extinguishers

FIRE EVACUATION PLAN

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE

FOLLOW YOUR AGENCYS FIRE EVACUATION PLAN

EVACUATION PLAN

Fire officials (either State or Local officials)

Office of State Buildings.

The plan should be reviewed and, if possible, approved by

EVACUATION PLAN

are conducted at least once each year, but some agencies

may require them more frequently.

FIRE DRILLS

EVACUATION PLAN

FIRE DRILLS cont.

Remember to DOCUMENT:

Date & time

Employees & visitors present

Outside meeting location

Headcount

Time of entire drill

High-rise building

For the purpose of Fire Safety, all buildings 15 m or above in height shall be considered as high rise buildings (National Building Code of India 2005).

Fire Safety in High Rise Buildings are implemented as per the requirement specified in by-laws of Local Govt. bodies in respect of High Rise Building.

Home Fire Prevention and Preparedness

-Plan Ahead Practice evacuating the building blindfolded.

Practice staying low to the ground when escaping.

Feel all doors before opening them. If a door is hot, get out another way.

Learn to stop, drop to the ground, roll if clothes catch fire.

Reduce amount of flammable and

combustible materials.

To reduce ignition hazards.

To ensure safe emergency evacuation

routes.

Clear walkways/stairways

House Keeping

Questions

? ? ? ? ?

THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING!

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Fire Basics PPT