Finnish Reserve Training - EESTI · PDF filesignificant being management training, ... Conscript Service ... • Physical Performance • Social Performance

Training Division (J7)Defence Command 4. toukokuu

2017

1

Finnish Reserve Training

Military service is an essential

part our defense solution

Training Division (J7)Defence Command

C a p a b l e R e s e r v e s

Spearhead Capabilities

Comprehensive security

and resilienceStrong commitment

for national defence

Large reserve based on

compulsory military

service

Threshold

based on spearhead

capabilities

Cost effective

solution for field army

capability (SURPLUS)

Active international

defence co-operation

Close bilateral

defence co-operation

The Finnish Model

UNCLASSIFIED REL TO PUBLIC4.5.2017 2


2017 3

1. Large area.

2. The whole country will be defended.

3. Economically the only possibility with

our resources.

4. The only way to create reserves big

enough to defend the whole country.

5. Equal for all male citizens.

6. It is a long tradition, ~75 % do their

service.

7. Conscription is essential part of the

willingness to defend Finland.

Conscription is strongly supportedby Population (75%).

Why Conscription & Reserve?


2017 4

When properly implemented, conscription

• links together different actors of society

• contributes to the maintanance of the values of society, promotes willingness to defend our country and a peacefulsociety

• provides young people with various competences, the mostsignificant being management training, drivers´training and first aid training

• socializes and teaches how to act as members of a group

• prevents marginalization and acts as a familiarizing actor for immigrants

• improves national health

• provides scientific material for research use

• provides a reserve for other authorities as well

• produces personnel for crisis management tasks

• works as a recruitment channel for the Defence Forcesand other authorities


5

General conscription-

• Constitution of Finland (731/1999)

– § 127 "Every Finnish citizen is obligated to participate orassist in national defence, as provided by an Act."

• Conscription Act (1438/2007)

– § 2 (1) "Every male Finnish citizen is liable for military servicestarting from the beginning of the year in which he turns18 years until the end of the year in which he turns 60”.

Recruitment & Retention


THE PERIOD OF LIABILITY FOR MILITARY SERVICE

165 days

RANKS AND FILEs IN RESERVERefresher training max 80 or 150 days

AUXILIARY RESERVE

CA

LL U

P

MILITARYSERVICE

255 days

347 days

AUXILIARYRESERVE

AUXILIARY RESERVE Those exempted from military service during peacetime

AGE 18 19-20 30 50 60

OFFICERs AND NCOs IN RESERVERefresher training max 200 days

AGE 18 19-20 30 50 60

Male 18 years, Liability to

Military Service begins

Service Class

(A/B/C/E)

ORDER to report to

Conscript Service

(Time and Unit)

The officer, who has the rank of colonel or a commodore or higher rank, as long as he is fit for service”


Refresher days, max, valid as 26.6.2016• Reserve Officers 200

• Reserve NCO´s 200

• Ranks with specific task 150

• Ranks 80

• All +20 / year

with the consent of reservists and the employer

Employee has the right for refresher training

• to be reported to the employer no later than 2 months prior to the

exercise

Reservists have protection

• against dismissal and entitle to salary during refresher training

There are fresh new Ideas & new Plans on the table => try-out / tests to follow

Legislation on Refresher Training

7


Terms and Conditions of Service

• Health care, catering, accommodation and clothing are free

• Reservist's pay and daily allowance are:

– 59,50e + 5,10e Ranks

– 62,20e + 5,10e NCO

– 65,20e + 5,10e OFF

• Travel free of charge

• Reserve promotions based on the training and wartime role, the position and suitability

8


Local Forces20%

The War-time Establishment ~230 000, since 2015

TerritorialForces60%

ManoeuvreForces20%

Navy20 000

Air Force26 000

Army150 000

3 Infantry brigades Territorial battalions/BGsTerritorial defence unitsCombat Support units

2+1 fighter squadronsC2 centresAir Surveillance unitsReadiness basesSupporting units

2 Fast Attack Craft squadrons2 Mine Counter Measure squadrons5 MinelayersRegional Coastal Jaeger BattalionsCoastal missile companiesSSM batteriesCoastal Artillery unitsMaritime Recce Units

2 Readiness brigades2 Mechanized BGs2 Motorized BGs1 Helicopter battalion1 Special forces battalionAir Defence unitsCombat Support unitsCombat Service Support units

HQs,Signal,

Logistic etc~25 000

FinnishBorderGuard

Approx. 15 000

The size of our forces is now at a level that cannot be

lowered any further without reviewing our defence doctrine


Task and unit specific refresher training

(rehearsal) exercises NEED: to train

annually about 25 000 reservists

Reality: 18 000 pax max (~8%),

90 000 days, 21 MEuro


2017 11

War Time Strenght

230 000:− 4% FDF peace personnel

− 2,5% professional soldiers

”Knowledges,

skills, abilities

and experiences”

RESERVE IS VITAL,

it must be maintained:

- WELL EQIPPED

- WELL TRAINED

- HIGHLY MOTIVATED


2017 12

TRAINING IN WAR-

TIME DUTIES AND

ORGANIZATIONS

JAN FEB MARAPR MAY JUN JUL AUG OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULSEP

Conscription Training System

NCOs and

Officer Aspirants

Wartime Unit

training

Legend:

• NCO I = NCO course phase I

• NCO II = NCO course phase II

• ROTC = Reserve Officer Course

165

255

BASICTRAININGPERIOD

SPECIALUNITTRAININGPERIOD

TRAINING PERIOD OF THE RANKS

NCOCOURSEI

NCOCOURSE II

ROTC

LEADER PERIODNCO/RO

UNITTRAININGPERIOD

347

(41%)

(16%)

BASICTRAININGPERIOD

SPECIALUNITTRAININGPERIOD

TRAINING PERIOD OF THE RANKS

NCOCOURCEI

NCOCOURCE II

ROTC

LEADER PERIODNCO/RO

UNITTRAININGPERIOD

(43%)

WINTER

INTAKE

SUMMER

INTAKE


RTK

MOUT COY

165/255/347 days

3 - 5 years 5 - 10 years

WAR TIME UNIT

RTV

GUARD COY

5 - 10 days 5 - 10 days

Production of the WAR TIME UNIT

ConscriptService

MOUT BN

K

MOUT BN HQ +

SPECIALISTS

RT

MOUT BN HQ +

SPECIALISTS

RT


Education, Training, Exercise and Evaluation (ETEE) concept (The Building Blocks´ Principle)

4.5.2017 14

Education

Training

Individual

Training

Collective

Training

CAX / CPX /

STUDY EX

LIVEX

Time

Dep

th o

f K

no

wle

dg

e

• Total Fitness• Physical Performance

• Social Performance

• Ethical Performance

• Mental Performance

• Military In-Service and

Occupational Safety

• Evaluation

• LI / LL

Operational Readiness

E-learning

Demanding Exercises

Virtual Battle

Training System

Simulators


Wartime Commander

plans and leads

Approaches to Reserve readiness Extra assets:- LL s from international operations

- one's civil education / profession

- FDF´s Training Portal (ADL)

Annually totally 45 000 reservists trained, 144 000 days

• FDF’s training 18 000 pax,90 000 days

• Voluntary training 10 500 pax, 21 000 days

• NDTA’s training 16 500 pax, 33 000 days

Crises Management Operations

• Serves for War Time Units

• Based on Voluntaries

War time unit's (1st) training in reserve is

approximately between ages 20 - 35

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Reservi

900 000

Auxiliary Res

200 000

Exempted

70 000

War-time

Units

230 000

Consc

23 000

Liable for military service

about 1 500 000

Reserve

900 000

Regular

soldiers 3%

Reservists

97%

Key Concepts of the Reserve

8 000 +

3 000

Exempted = a person who is vital to Society / Company

tasks & activities in exceptional circumstances (war time)

144 000

Training days

45 000

reservists90 000 days

Refresher exercises

21 000 days

10 500 res

FDF´s voluntary

excercises and

NDTA´s voluntary

training

33 000 days

16 500 pers

Military courses of NDTA

Annually Trained Reservists

18 000 res

Self study

X0 000 reservists,

X00 000 study days


Employer engagement

Obligatory to attend

More than 70 000 are exempted from the military

service to critical tasks other authority or major

companies in terms of national defense

App. 15% are given permission not to attend by

significant reasons; social, health or studies

18


Quality Assurance for Training

1. Regulations and control by Defence Command and A/N/A Commands

2. Tasks, activities and resource planning

3. Manuals

4. Demonstrations of knowledge, skills and competence

• Solders skill examination

• Branches examinations

• NCO Courses, Reserve Officers' Course

5. Feedback system

• Initial and Final Surveys for conscripts

• Reservist Surveys

• Trainers Surveys

• NDU and Military Academies working life feedback serveys

6. Force measurement of performance

7. Follow-up and guidance by Commands also from International Missions

8. Research

9. External evaluation and assessment


COA Developing the Training of Reserves and Voluntary Defense Training

2012 - 2013Planning

2015Expanding

2014Execution

2016Retaining

2017Evaluation

Requirements

• Government Programme

• Security and Defense

Policy 2012

• Finnish Conscription –

report 2010

• Guidance of the

SUPCOM

• FDF STRATECIG PLAN

• FDF 2030

• Development programs

• FDF Reform 2012

• Battlefield and Tactics

• Composition of Troops

• Production of Troops

• Conscript training and

Women’s Voluntary

Military Service

”Based on Capabilities

and Resources”

“Forces 2020”

High Performance

Wartime Troops and

capable and competent

soldiers

- app. 230 000

Well-functioning

Conscription

Part of the Total Security

Annually

45 000 reservists trained,

144 000 days

- FDF’s training 18 000 pers

90 000 days

- Voluntary training 10 500 pers

21 000 days

- NDTA’s training 16 500 pers

33 000 days

Quality assurance- Evaluation

- Quality Standards

- Criteria for Quality

- Proof of skills of the Reservist

1. Legislation Reservists on Live-Firing Exercises

Possibility to Organize FDF’s and NDTA’s exercises somewhere else

than in FDF’s areas

Definition of Military Training ”Policy”

2. Norms and Standards of Defense Command

Training and Exercises and Rehearsal Training ”TTP”

3. Refresher Training by FDF’s

Training of Troops and Units ”Obligation”

4. The National Defence Training Association of FinlandTraining maintains and develops the skills of the Reservists

Individuals, groups, platoons level ”Partnership”

6. Reservists own Commission Knowledge and Skills, Physical Condition and competency on field

Voluntary Organizations, Crises Management Ops. Encouraged ”Activity”

7. Learning environment and IT- services Training and Exercise Areas, shooting fields

Ammunitions ”Foundation” Simulators, eLearning

Reports, manuals, tests

Identify, Confess and make use of Competence

5. Reserves and Voluntary Defense Organizations

Support to Organizations, Preserving of the Defense Will “Voluntary”


Current Issues

4.5.2017 21

PHYSICAL

SOCIAL ETHICAL

MENTAL

COMPETENCE

Information

services

1. Total Force Fitness

2. Leadership training

3. Information services

Updated program

2. building trust and confidence

3. inspirational motivation

4. intellectual stimulation

5. individualized consideration

6. controlling & correcting

7. passive

9

8

1

0

OUTCOMES

1. professional skills

1

2 65

4

3 7

LEADERSHIP

BEHAVIOR

POTENTIAL

8. effectiveness

9. satisfaction

10. extra effort


Reserve Forces in Crisis Management

Units and tasks

• Crisis management operations approved by UN

or OSCE and lead by UN, EU, OSCE, NATO

• Max 2 000 pax deployed at the same time

• European Union Battle Groups

• Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO)

• Nordic Battle Group (NBG)

• NATO’s Partnership for Peace Program

• NATO Response Force, (NRF)

• Total app. 500 pax 2016

Redeployment training 2 – 5 weeks

• Personal physical fitness test and Program

• Order for service 21 day before training

• Mission oriented training 1 week

• Task oriented training 1 - 2 weeks

• Unit training 2 - 3 weeks

Training in operation (HOTO) 1 - 2 weeks

Feedback section 2 days, after the Mission

Application and selection

• Continuous application

• Finnish citizenship, age 20 - 45 years

• Military or women's voluntary military service

• Driver's license

• BMI <30, 12 -minute running test

• staff and support tasks 2 300 m

• operational tasks of 2 500 m

• English language skills

Strengths

• Military service 6 or 12 months

• Voluntary and selection

• Civilian education and experience

• Military training and experiences from several

operations

4.5.2017


Predeployment Training for Units Deploying Operations

TRG conducted in a mission specific context

(cultural awareness, ROEs etc).

Training continues after deployment 1 – 2 weeks during HOTO

period.

Full Operational Capability achieved after PDT and HOTO

e.g. In UNIFIL PDT 2014:

- 60 army regular personnel and 140 reservists,

- all volunteers, 82% first timers and

- training of reservists limited to 45 days by law on peace

keeping.

Vehicle training:

Drivers licenses

1 – 4 weeks

Mission specific

Functional Area

Training (FAT):

e.g. on weapon

systems,

vehicles, staff

procedures etc

1. week

Combat

Enhancement

Training (CET):

e.g. TTPs,

weapons trg,

shooting, CIED,

mine awareness,

first aid etc

2. - 3. week

Force Integration

Training (FIT):

Unit TTPs,

Live fire ex,

CPX, LIVEX

4. - 5. week

Mission and task

specific individual

courses:

- NATO School

- NORDEFCO

- FINCENT

- KLT

- etc

1 – 4 weeks

Basic training for deploying units e. g. FINIRISH BATT in UNIFIL (including Estonian detachment)

23


24

Career structureRanks NCOs Officers Days Age

3. Reserve EXE

(22 + 2 + 4 + 5 =

33 days)

Corporal

Specialist

Sergeant major

Staff NCO

Major

Staff Officer

2 + 5 REStng

days

60 v

Volunteer tng NDTA

Highest level

NDTA

Highest level

NDTA

Highest level

2 - 4 days

Self initiative

3. wartime post

Fitness tng progr.

- marsmars.fi

E-learning

Highest level

E-learning

Highest level

1 - 2 days

2. Reserve EXE

(11 + 2 + 4 + 5 =

22 days)

Corporal

Specialist

Staff S. / Master

S.

Staff / HQ

1st Ltn - Capt

CO Coy

2 + 5 REStng

days

50 v

Volunteer tng NDTA

Medium level

NDTA

Medium level

NDTA

Medium level

2 - 4 days

Self initiative

2. wartime post

Fitness tng progr.

- marsmars.fi

E-learning

Medium level

E-learning

Medium level

1 - 2 days

1. Reserve EXE

(2 + 4 + 5 = 11 days)

Private 1. Class

Squad / Patrol

leader

Sergeant / Staff S.

Dep PLT Leader

Ltn

CI2 Coy

2 + 5 REStng

days

30 v

Volunteer tng NDTA

Basic level

NDTA

Basic level

NDTA

Basic level

2 - 4 days

Self initiative Fitness tng progr.

- marsmars.fi

E-learning

Basic level

E-learning

Basic level

1 - 2 days

Conscription

1. wartime post

Private

6 months

Corporal

12 months

2nd Ltn

12 months

165, 255, 347

days

20 v

Note: it is possible to improve

one's military skills from

ranks to NCO and NCO to OFF


What does conscription / reserve costs?

Training and maintenance of

liable for military service 330 MEUR / year

Costs of personnel 130 MEUR

- Liable for military service 215 MEUR / year

- conscript 49 € / day

- reservist 180 € / day

- daily allowances 40 MEUR / year

- travel charges 12 MEUR / year

- Costs of maintenance 115 MEUR / year

- catering 60 MEUR / year

- health care 27 MEUR / year

- clothing 28 MEUR / year

Flight hour (HN) 6 500 € / hour

Day on ship 30 000 € / day

Conscription & Reserve are cost-effective!

Conscript service:

- 5½ month service 8 745 e/conscr



Refresher training:

- 1 000 reservists 195 000 e/v day

- 21 MEuro / year

Training Division (J7)Defence Command 4.5.2017 26

More Detailed Information on Internethttp://puolustusvoimat.fi/web/reservilaiselle/etusivu

Physical Status

Alternative Training

Supplementary Training,

ranks->NCO, NCO->Off


2017 27

Reserve Legal Advisor Training

• Conscript training in legal support functions

• Training of reserve Legal Advisors as staffmembers in major military exercises

• Specific military exercises for reserve Legal Advisors

• National Defence Training Association trainingprogramme for Legal Advisors on International Humanitarian Law and associated issues (in development)

• Training of Legal Advisors as part of theirdeployment training programme for crisismanagement operations


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Documents

Finnish Reserve Training - EESTI · PDF filesignificant being management training, ... Conscript Service ... • Physical Performance • Social Performance