ApplicationsApplications Rahul SinghRahul Singh
Fingerprint #iometricFingerprint #iometric
First used in $hina in %!! ADFirst used in $hina in %!! AD
&roposed in 'urope in 1()(,&roposed in 'urope in
1()(,
implemented in *ermany in 1+!.implemented in *ermany in 1+!.
nique - So ar no t/o prints romnique - So ar no t/o prints
rom
di0erent ngers have 2een ound thatdi0erent ngers have 2een ound
that
are identicalare identical
epidermis o a ngerepidermis o a nger
Set o 3almost4oten5 parallel ridge linesSet o 3almost4oten5
parallel ridge lines
Ridges produce local patternsRidges produce local patterns
Source6 http644///.2iometrika.it4eng4/p7ngintro.html
ngerprintsngerprints ArchArch
Right 8oopRight 8oop
Five main classes oFive main classes o
ngerprintsngerprints ArchArch
Right 8oopRight 8oop
".". &rocess image and e:tract eatures&rocess image and
e:tract eatures
.. Store data or comparison or compareStore data or comparison or
compare
/ith stored templates/ith stored templates
Types o Fingerprint Sensors Types o Fingerprint
Sensors
;ptic Re<e:ive;ptic Re<e:ive Finger lies on a prism. Total
internal re<ectionFinger lies on a prism. Total internal
re<ection
produces image o ngerprint on a camera chipproduces image o
ngerprint on a camera chip
;ptic Transmissive /ith Fi2er ;ptic ⪭ptic Transmissive
/ith Fi2er ;ptic &late 8ight source illuminates through the
nger8ight source illuminates through the nger
Finger lies on 2er=optic plate that transmitsFinger lies on
2er=optic plate that transmits
image data to camera chipimage data to camera chip
;ptical 8ine;ptical 8ine &i:el array measures the light
re<ected 2y the&i:el array measures the light re<ected 2y
the
ngernger
$apacitive 8ine$apacitive 8ine $apacitor array measures the
capacitance at each$apacitor array measures the capacitance at
each
pi:elpi:el Thermal 8ine Thermal 8ine
Finger is moved across a narro/ array o thermalFinger is moved
across a narro/ array o thermal sensorssensors
Temperature varies across the grooves and
ridges Temperature varies across the grooves and ridges
Thermal sensors measure the temperature
di0erences Thermal sensors measure the temperature
di0erences
over timeover time &ressure Sensitive&ressure
Sensitive
Sensor measures the pressure per pi:elSensor measures the pressure
per pi:el Dynamic $apacitiveDynamic $apacitive
$apacitance is measured 2y A4$ voltage$apacitance is measured 2y
A4$ voltage
Source6 http644home.t=online.de4home4manred.2rom2a4paqe.htm
Types o Fingerprint Sensors Types o Fingerprint
Sensors
Static $apacitive Type 1Static $apacitive Type 1 ;ne electrode per
pi:el;ne electrode per pi:el $apacitance measured /.r.t neigh2oring
pi:el.$apacitance measured /.r.t neigh2oring pi:el. > pi:el is
on a groove capacitance is small> pi:el is on a groove
capacitance is small > pi:el is on a ridge then capacitance is
large> pi:el is on a ridge then capacitance is large
Static $apacitive Type "Static $apacitive Type " Same as a2ove
e:cept capacitance is measureSame as a2ove e:cept capacitance is
measure
/.r.t ground/.r.t ground
Acoustic 3ltrasound5Acoustic 3ltrasound5 >mage o ngerprint is
recorded 2y very high>mage o ngerprint is recorded 2y very high
requency soundrequency sound
Source6 http644home.t=online.de4home4manred.2rom2a4paqe.htm
$apacitive Sensing$apacitive Sensing Fingerprint consists o tightly
spaced ridgesFingerprint consists o tightly spaced ridges
and valleysand valleys Sensor consists o a capacitive arraySensor
consists o a capacitive array $apacitive array acts as one plate o
a$apacitive array acts as one plate o a
capacitor /hile the nger acts as the othercapacitor /hile the nger
acts as the other 'ach pi:el in the array is charged to a'ach pi:el
in the array is charged to a
reerence voltage and allo/ed to dischargereerence voltage and
allo/ed to discharge /ith a reerence current/ith a reerence
current
The rate o change o potential at each pi:el is The rate
o change o potential at each pi:el is proportional to the
capacitance seen 2y theproportional to the capacitance seen 2y the
arrayarray
dt
$apacitive Sensing$apacitive Sensing
1.1. $harge amp reset. >nverter ;4& settles to
threshold$harge amp reset. >nverter ;4& settles to
threshold
".". Re. charge applied to >4&Re. charge applied to
>4&
.. ;4& ?oltage proportional to eed2ack capacitance;4&
?oltage proportional to eed2ack capacitance
.. >nverter ;4& upper saturation level i there is no eed2ack
capacitance>nverter ;4& upper saturation level i there is no
eed2ack capacitance
).). >nverter ;4& close to logical threshold /hen eed2ack
capacitance is large>nverter ;4& close to logical threshold
/hen eed2ack capacitance is large
Source6
http644///=micro.deis.uni2o.it4Btartagni4Finger4FingerSensor.html
)!! dpi Fingerprint image)!! dpi Fingerprint image
Source6
http644///.me.uCitsu.com4products42iometric4pd4Find7F&S.pd
Finger touches light emitting TactileSense polymerFinger touches
light emitting TactileSense polymer
&hotodiode array em2edded in the glass detects&hotodiode
array em2edded in the glass detects
illuminationillumination
an image o thean image o the
ngerprint onto angerprint onto a
camera 2y totalcamera 2y total
internal re<ection.internal re<ection.
Source6 http644///.2iometrika.it4eng4/p7ngintro.html
;ptical ?s $apacitive;ptical ?s $apacitive
$apacitive$apacitive *reater miniaturiation*reater miniaturiation
Ge/er technologyGe/er technology $an 2e em2edded into small
devices$an 2e em2edded into small devices &rone to dirt etc
since nger touches silicon&rone to dirt etc since nger touches
silicon Relatively cheapRelatively cheap
;ptical Sensors;ptical Sensors 8arger sensing area since
manuacturing large8arger sensing area since manuacturing
large
>mage quality>mage quality SharpnessSharpness
$ontrast$ontrast
DistortionDistortion
Resolution - higher isResolution - higher is
2etter2etter Too lo/ and /e cannot Too lo/ and /e
cannot
detect the minutiaedetect the minutiae
Sensing areaSensing area Average ngerprint is a2outAverage
ngerprint is a2out
!.)I : !.%I!.)I : !.%I
3leading to alse reCections53leading to alse reCections5 are
reducedare reduced
Source6 http644///.2iometrika.it4eng4/p7scng.html
Hinutiae or *altonHinutiae or *alton
$haracteristics$haracteristics Termination o Ridge
lines Termination o Ridge lines
#iurcation o Ridge lines#iurcation o Ridge lines
Source6 http644///.2iometrika.it4eng4/p7ngintro.html
Data Storage and HatchingData Storage and Hatching
Directional HapDirectional Hap Discrete matri: /hose elements
denote theDiscrete matri: /hose elements denote the
3non=e:perts53non=e:perts5
TASK SPEED_DEFAULT SPEED_FAST
'(e!ti+icati! ,1-50. 3/35 #ec 1/43 #ec
'Lciency
Accuracy
FA F FA F
?erication time 31615?erication time 31615
Time to veriy the identity Time to veriy the
identity
>dentication time 316)!5>dentication time 316)!5
;ptical sensor;ptical sensor
!! prints per second on p>> !!.!! prints per second on
p>> !!.
Resolution )!! dpiResolution )!! dpi
Average template sie )! 2ytesAverage template sie )! 2ytes
#iomouse &lus comes /ith 2uilt in#iomouse &lus comes /ith
2uilt in
smart card readersmart card reader