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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 387 745 CG 026 525
AUTHOR Mutchler, Sue E.; And OthersTITLE Finding Common Ground: Creating Local Governance
Structures..INSTITUTION Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin,
Tex.SPONS AGENCY Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED),
Washington, DC.PUB DATE 93CONTRACT RP91002003NOTE 173p.PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports DescriPtive (141)
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
ABSTRACT
MF01/PC07 Plus Postage.Adolescents; *Child Advocacy; Child Health;*Childhood Needs; Children; Childrens Rights; ChildWelfare; Elementary Secondary Education; FamilyProblems; *Family Programs; Governance; HelpingRelationship; *Integrated Services; Policy Analysis;Public Agencies; *Public Policy; State Government;State Programs
As federal, state, and local policy makers attend tothe economic, educational, social, and health-related needs ofchildren, they are beginning to share a vision of a "seamless web" ofhigh-quality, comprehensive, continuous services for children andtheir families. It remains a challenging goal because of thecomplexity of children's needs and the variety of organizations,procedures, structures, and systems set in place to address thoseneeds. This Occasional Paper focuses on the ways in which many statesand localities are creating new service systems and roles through a
variety of local governance structures. The following eight profilesdescribe a range of different interventions: (1) Arkansas, ArkansasFamilies First; (2) California, Healthy Start (Senate Bill 620); (3)
Colorado, Family and Children's Initiative; (4) Florida, DistrictHealth and Human Services Boards; (5) Iowa, Family Development andSelf-Sufficiency Program; (6) Kentucky, Family Resource Centers andYouth Services Centers; (7) Maryland, Children and Family ServicesReform Initiative; and (8) New Mexico, Communities in Schools. Atleight initiatives emphasize the role of collaboration in creating newpossibilities, roles, and relationships for local communities. Eachprofile is a synthesis of information collection from one or moreinformants in the state, representing a landscape for analysis andcomparison. (.113j)
*
*
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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
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*
ii
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1
5
1
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
by
Sue
E. M
utch
ler
Judy
L. M
ays
Joyc
e S.
Pol
lard
Sou
thw
est E
duca
tiona
l Dev
elop
men
t Lab
orat
ory
Dr.
Pre
ston
C. K
ronk
osky
, Pre
side
nt a
nd C
hief
Exe
cutiv
e O
ffice
r2
11 E
ast S
even
th S
tree
t, A
ustin
, Tex
as 7
8701
(51
2) 4
76-6
861
Cop
yrig
ht S
ED
L 19
93
Thi
s pu
blic
atio
n is
bas
ed o
n w
ork
spon
sore
d w
holly
, or
in p
art,
by th
e O
ffic
e of
Edu
catio
nal R
esea
rch
and
Impr
ovem
ent,
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f kd
ucat
ion,
und
er C
ontr
act N
umbe
r R
P9I0
0200
3. T
he c
onte
nt o
f th
is p
ublic
atio
ndo
es n
ot n
eces
sari
ly r
efle
ct th
e vi
ews
of (
)FR
I. th
e D
epar
tmen
t, or
any
oth
er a
genc
y of
the
1.1.
S. G
over
nmen
t.
Intr
oduc
tion
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive
Col
orad
o31
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
esD
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Boa
rds
Eig
ht I
nitia
ti \ e
sFl
orid
a39
Ack
now
leog
men
ts4
Fam
ily D
evel
opm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suff
icie
ncy
Prog
ram
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he D
ocum
ent
Iow
a47
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
Cen
ters
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ters
Con
cept
ual F
ram
ewor
k7
Ken
tuck
y55
The
Cur
rent
Str
uctu
re a
nd D
eli \
cr\
of
Serv
ices
7C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Ini
tiativ
e
The
Im
port
ance
of
Com
mun
ityC
hang
ing
Syst
ems
toM
aryl
and
63
Shar
e R
espo
nsib
ility
8C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
Loc
al G
o\ e
rnan
ce S
truc
ture
sMec
hani
sms
for
New
Mex
ico
71
Bui
ldin
g (o
mm
unit
\ Cap
acit\
It)
Stat
e Su
ppor
t for
Loc
al G
over
nanc
eA
ppen
dix
79
Ref
eren
ces
13
Pro
files
15
Ark
ansa
s Fa
mili
es F
irst
Ark
ansa
sIS
Hea
lthy
SIar
t (Se
nate
Bill
620
)
Cal
ifor
nia
iii
As
fede
ral,
stat
e, a
nd lo
cal p
olic
y m
aker
s at
tend
to th
eec
onom
ic, e
duca
tiona
l, so
cial
, and
hea
lth-r
elat
ed n
eeds
of
child
ren,
they
are
beg
inni
ng to
sha
re a
vis
ion
of a
"se
amle
ssw
eb-
of h
igh-
qual
ity, c
ompr
ehen
sise
. con
tinuo
us s
ervi
ces
for
child
ren
mid
thei
r fa
mili
es.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und
Tak
ing
actio
n to
ss
(No,
e s
uch
a w
eb is
a r
easo
nabl
e go
al. f
or it
'a
child
's e
mot
iona
l and
phy
sica
l nee
ds a
re n
otad
dres
sed,
they
can
has
e a
dire
ct a
nd n
egat
ise
affe
ct o
n hi
s or
her
pro
gres
sin
scho
ol o
r th
e fa
mily
's w
ell-
bein
g in
its
com
imm
ity. I
t rem
ains
a ch
alle
ngin
g go
al b
ecau
se o
f th
eco
mpl
exity
of
child
ren'
sne
eds
and
the
sari
ety
of o
rgim
itatio
ns, p
roce
dure
s, s
truc
ture
s,an
d sy
stem
s se
t in
plac
e to
add
ress
thos
e ne
eds.
Spe
akin
g of
the
prob
lem
s fa
cing
poo
r ch
ildre
n. R
icha
rd W
eiss
bour
d (1
991)
desc
ribe
s a
new
vis
ion
and
actio
n pl
an f
or th
ose
ss h
o se
ek to
sers
e c
hild
ren
in n
eed:
The
se p
robl
ems
shap
ed b
y co
mpl
ex s
ocia
l and
econ
onnc
for
ces
;.tre
nt i
t. to
be
sure
. the
pio
blem
sol
the
sets
ice
ss s
tein
alo
ne. T
hey
are
the
prob
lem
sof
man
y sy
stem
sth
e em
ploy
men
tst
em."
:for
(..x
ampl
e. th
e in
com
e m
aint
enan
ce s
yste
m. t
heho
usin
g sy
ste
inan
d th
ey im
plic
ate
near
ly e
s ei
xag
ency
of
go\ e
rnm
ent.
And
V, h
ilt: t
hey
are
natio
nal
plob
lem
s (1
(..m
andi
ng n
atio
nal s
olut
ions
. the
y ar
eal
so th
e pr
oble
ms
of in
dilid
ual e
mnm
uniti
esan
d ci
tizen
s le
inph
as.is
add
ed I
.Ih
ey s
s ill
not
.th
eret
ore.
he
dris
en a
ssay
hs,
set
s ic
e st
rate
gies
or
e'en
by
bioa
d pu
blic
pol
icie
s in
;sol
atio
n.T
hey
ss il
l he
upro
oted
tluo
ugh
a m
ange
0, d
iffe
rent
and
conc
erte
d pu
blic
and
!w
hale
adde
dlIn
tel s
entio
ns. I
p. 3
)
Polie
s m
akei
s an
d se
ts ic
e pr
os id
eis
ean
wad
e to
com
mon
giou
nd o
ut o
f th
e ss
s am
p ol
indi
s 'd
ual e
xpec
tatio
ns. m
yria
dlo
cal p
iogi
ams.
and
I r
agm
ente
d le
deia
l and
sta
te s
ets
ice
delis
-er
.ef
fort
sit
the\
com
e to
geth
er w
ith in
disi
dual
s to
acc
ept
then
inut
ual l
espo
nsib
ilits
tot t
he w
it%\
di, b
usin
ess.
And
.it
the\
,ne
will
ing
to c
hang
e th
e w
as th
es d
o ht
ism
ess.
Vi e
issb
ourd
's o
liser
s an
t in
impl
ies
a ch
ange
In
the
%si
t\ le
deta
lst
ate
!!i
mem
,. m
tera
ct \k
ith lo
calit
ies.
Cer
tain
ly .
fede
ral
and
stat
e go
el n
men
ts p
lay
a io
le in
mee
ting
the
need
s of
loca
l
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es
ntro
duct
ion
citiz
ens
and
they
' will
con
tinue
to d
o so
. But
if c
ompl
ex p
rob-
lem
s ar
e to
be
addr
esse
d in
any
last
ing
way
, the
rol
e ne
eds
toch
ange
fro
m o
ne b
ased
on
patr
onag
e to
one
of
mut
ual a
dvan
-ta
ge. T
he li
tera
ture
rev
iew
ed f
or th
is p
aper
sug
gest
s th
at f
eder
alan
d st
ate
gove
rnm
ents
mus
t ena
ble
loca
litie
s to
det
erm
ine,
gov
-er
n. a
nd m
aint
ain
acco
unta
bilit
y fo
r se
rvic
e sy
stem
s th
at m
eet
the
need
s of
thei
r pe
ople
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
sM
any
stat
es a
nd lo
calit
ies
(e.g
., ci
ties,
tow
ns, o
r co
untie
s) a
rebe
ginn
ing
to c
reat
e ne
w s
ervi
ce s
yste
ms
and
role
s th
roug
h a
arie
ty o
f lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
. The
con
cept
s of
gov
er-
min
ce a
nd lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
are
cen
tral
them
es o
fth
isO
ccas
iona
l Pap
er. W
heth
er th
ey a
rc c
alle
d lo
cal p
olic
y co
un-
cils
, ads
isor
\ cou
ncils
, or
dist
rict
hea
lth a
nd h
uman
ser
vice
sbo
ards
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es h
ave
the
auth
ority
and
auto
nom
y to
allo
cate
res
ourc
es, d
eliv
er s
eri,
ices
, and
mai
ntai
nac
coun
tabi
lity.
The
pro
cess
of
deve
lopi
ng lo
cal g
over
nanc
est
ruct
ures
is p
oliti
cally
and
tech
nica
lly c
halle
ngin
g, s
ays
the
Cou
ncil
lOr
the
Stud
y of
Soc
ial P
olic
y (C
SSP)
. -Po
litic
ally
it
chan
ges
the
role
s of
all
ins
olye
d ss
hilt
:. te
chni
cally
the
new
form
of
gove
rnan
ce m
ust b
e de
sign
ed to
lit w
ith a
nd c
ompl
e-m
ent e
xist
ing
gm. e
nim
enta
l aut
hori
ties
and
agen
cies
- (C
SSP.
199!
p. 2
).
The
eig
ht p
rofi
les
in th
is O
ccas
iona
l Pap
er d
escr
ibe
ss h
atW
eiss
Niu
rd (
199
1. p
. 31
calle
d "a
ran
ge o
f di
ffer
ent a
nd c
on-
cert
ed p
ublic
and
pri
s at
e in
ters
ani
ons.
- cr
eate
d by
the
stat
es o
fA
rkan
sas,
Cal
ifor
nia.
Col
orad
o, F
lori
da, I
owa,
Ken
tuck
y.M
ars
land
, and
New
Mex
ico.
With
som
e of
thei
r lo
calit
ies,
thes
e st
ates
are
inve
stin
g re
sour
ces
and
high
exp
ecta
tions
in th
ede
s el
opm
ent o
f va
riou
s fo
rms
of lo
cal g
oser
nanc
e st
ruct
Ure
sth
at c
an h
elp
stre
amlin
e, c
oord
inat
e. a
nd u
ltim
atel
y im
pros
ehe
alth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
for
child
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es.
Som
e ()
I th
ese
stat
es h
ave
only
thre
e or
fou
r si
tes.
whi
le o
ther
sha
ke h
undr
eds.
Som
e pn
is id
e pe
rman
ent s
ourc
es o
f fu
ndin
g:ot
heis
ass
ure
only
fir
st-y
ear
seed
mon
ey. S
ome
requ
ire
dire
ctlin
kage
with
the
loca
l sch
ool o
r di
stri
ct, a
nd s
ome
leas
e su
chco
nnec
tions
to lo
cal d
iscr
etio
n, A
ll. h
owev
er, a
ppea
r to
!la
se a
sth
eir
cent
ral p
urpo
se th
e 'in
tim:M
g of
com
mun
ity r
espo
nsib
ility
,ow
ners
hip.
. and
aut
hori
ty to
mee
t the
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
y ic
ene
eds
of c
hild
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es. "
The
goa
l." s
aid
a st
aff
cvm
ake
rs a
nd s
ervi
cep
ro v
ide
rs c
an w
ade
toco
mm
on g
roun
d ou
tof
the
swam
pof
indi
vidu
alex
pect
atio
ns, m
yria
d lo
cal
prog
ram
s, a
nd I
ragm
ente
dfe
dera
l and
sta
te s
ervi
ceot
elii.
ery
effo
its.
mem
ber
in F
lori
da's
Off
ice
of th
e G
over
nor,
"is
sys
tem
chan
ge. n
ot ju
st s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery
impr
ovem
ent.
The
bot
tom
-lin
e go
al is
to c
reat
e a
syst
em th
at tr
ansl
ates
into
mea
ning
ful,
help
ful.
cons
iste
nt s
ervi
ce to
the
peop
le w
ho n
eed
help
Ix
how
alk
in o
ur d
oors
."
All
eigh
t ini
tiativ
es e
mph
asile
the
role
of
colla
bora
tion
in c
reat
-in
g ne
w p
ossi
bilit
ies,
rol
es. a
nd r
elat
ions
hips
for
loca
l com
mu-
nitie
s. 1
1.oc
al p
olic
y te
am m
embe
rsl d
on't
quite
bel
ieve
that
the
abili
ty to
rea
lly c
hang
e th
e sy
stem
is in
thei
r ha
nds,
"ob
serw
d a
staf
f m
embe
r of
the
Ark
ansa
s Fa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil.
"13
y co
nnec
ting
the
viab
ility
and
the
heal
th o
f th
ese
fam
ilies
to th
e vi
abili
ty a
nd h
ealth
of
the
com
mun
ities
, we
have
been
abl
e to
bri
ng in
som
e ne
w p
lay
ers-
--I
part
icul
arly
1 m
ayor
san
d ci
ty m
anag
ers.
"
Eig
ht In
itiat
ives
Thi
s O
ccas
iona
l Pap
er p
rofi
les
the
follo
w in
g ei
ght i
nitia
tives
.E
ach
prof
ile is
a s
ynth
esis
of
info
rMat
ion
colle
cted
fro
m o
neor
mor
e in
form
ants
in th
e st
ate.
Tog
ethe
r, th
ey r
epre
sent
ala
ndsc
ape
for
anal
ysis
and
com
pari
son
of v
ario
us w
avs
in\\
hich
sta
tes
arc
initi
atin
g, d
esig
ning
, and
sup
port
ing
loca
lgo
vern
ance
str
uctu
res.
Fut
ure
pape
rs in
this
ser
ies
w il
l exa
m-
ine
spec
ific
fea
ture
s of
loca
l go\
ern
ance
str
uctu
res.
The
y- a
lso
\\ ill
iden
tify
som
e co
mm
onal
ities
that
mig
ht o
ffer
insi
ghts
toro
lic m
aker
s w
ho a
re s
eeki
ng w
ays
to im
pro
\ e th
e de
liver
\ of'
educ
atio
n an
d ot
her
ser\
ices
in th
eir
stat
es a
nd lo
calit
ies.
Ark
ansa
s Fa
mili
es F
irst
is a
com
preh
ensi
ve p
rogr
am o
f fa
m-
ily s
uppo
rt in
itiat
ed b
y th
e Fa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
of th
eO
ffic
e of
the
Go\
ern
or in
the
late
198
0s. T
he le
gisl
atur
e pr
o-\ i
ded
dire
ctio
n an
d ap
prop
riat
ions
in a
199
2 sp
ecia
l ses
sion
(Act
). e
nabl
ing
thir
teen
com
mun
ities
to r
ecei
se o
ne-w
arfu
ndin
g to
est
ablis
h lo
cal F
amili
es F
irst
initi
ati \
es:
add
ition
alfu
nds
ha \
e be
en a
ppro
pria
ted
for
the
next
bie
nniu
m. E
ach
loca
lit \
crea
ted
a fa
mily
pol
icy
team
and
hir
ed a
com
mun
ityco
ordi
nato
r to
dev
elop
and
dir
ect l
ocal
eff
orts
to s
erse
fam
ilies
at r
isk.
Tea
ms
are,
at a
min
imum
. com
pris
ed o
f lo
cal r
epre
sen-
\ es
froi
n th
e D
epar
tmen
ts o
f I
leal
th a
nd I
!L
iman
tier
\ ice
s.lin
. and
the
scho
ol d
istr
ict.
The
inte
ntio
n is
for
pol
icy
team
sto
infl
uenc
e ho
s\ s
tate
ser
\ ice
s ar
e de
liver
ed. b
y re
ques
ting
ers
and
pro\
idin
g in
put t
o th
e st
ate-
leve
l Pol
icy
Cou
ncil.
as w
ell a
s to
dev
elop
and
fac
ilita
te th
e pr
ovis
ion
of n
ew lo
cal
serv
ices
by
coor
dina
ting
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
.
Cal
ifor
nia'
s H
ealth
y St
art (
Sena
te B
ill 6
20)
beca
me
effe
ctiv
eJa
nuar
y 1,
199
2. T
he in
itiat
ive
has
as it
s ov
eral
l obj
ectiv
e th
epr
ovis
ion
of m
ore
flex
ibili
ty in
the
deliv
ery
of s
ervi
ces
to c
hil-
dren
and
fam
ilies
in th
e st
ate,
with
a p
artic
ular
foc
us o
n pr
e-ve
ntio
n. T
o ac
com
plis
h th
is, t
he in
itiat
ive
take
s a
scho
ol-b
ased
appr
oach
to c
oord
inat
ing
serv
ices
fnr
low
-inc
ome
and
limite
dE
nglis
h pr
ofic
ient
chi
ldre
n an
d th
eil f
amili
es. L
ocal
col
laho
ra-
lives
are
com
pris
ed o
f pu
blic
and
pri
vate
age
ncy
repr
esen
ta-
tives
, par
ents
, and
teac
hers
. Sch
ool d
istr
icts
, cou
nty
offi
ces
ofed
ucat
ion,
and
con
sort
ia a
re e
ligib
le f
or p
lann
ing
and/
or o
per-
atio
nal g
rant
s (u
p to
thre
e ye
ars
max
imum
). A
s of
ear
ly 1
993.
ther
e ar
e 65
ope
ratio
nal s
ites,
and
ove
r 10
0 si
tes
are
reci
pien
tsof
pla
nnin
g gr
ants
. It i
s in
tend
ed th
at lo
cal c
olla
bora
tion
and
flex
ibili
ty in
ble
ndin
g fu
ndin
g st
ream
s no
t onl
y w
ill im
prov
ese
rvic
e de
liver
y in
the
com
inlin
ity b
ut a
lso
lead
to c
hang
e in
how
the
stat
e us
es f
unds
for
hea
lth a
nd h
uman
ser
vice
s an
dho
w a
genc
ies
colla
bora
te a
t the
sta
te le
s el
.
The
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive
in C
olor
ado
emer
ged
friim
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
str
ateg
ic p
lan
deve
lope
d th
roug
h th
eO
ffic
e of
the
Gov
erno
r. T
he p
lan
incl
udes
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fco
mm
unity
-bas
ed F
amily
Cen
ters
as
a w
ay to
pilo
t a n
umbe
rof
sys
tem
cha
nges
that
will
sup
port
. str
engt
hen.
and
Pro
mot
esu
cces
sful
fam
ily f
unct
ioni
ng in
all
area
s, f
rom
hea
lth to
edu
-ca
tion
to e
mpl
oym
ent.
Eig
ht s
ites
wer
e aw
arde
d pl
anni
nggr
ants
in J
une
1992
. eac
h to
be
follo
wed
by
eith
er a
onc
- or
two-
year
impl
emen
tatio
n gr
am. E
ach
is g
over
ned
by a
n ex
ecu-
tive
hoar
d or
ad\
ism
.), c
ounc
il th
at in
c hi
des
agen
cy r
epre
sent
a-tiv
es, p
aren
ts. c
omm
unity
mem
bers
. and
som
etim
es y
outh
. In
addi
tion
to m
akin
g pr
ogre
ss to
w a
rd p
ositi
ve o
utco
mes
for
indi
vidu
al c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. the
Cen
ters
arc
env
isio
ned
aspi
lots
for
a n
ew f
orm
of
sers
ice
deliv
ery
that
incl
udes
fam
ilyca
se m
anag
emen
t. a
com
inon
inta
ke in
stru
men
t. an
d a
part
ner-
ship
of
equa
ls b
etw
een
fam
ilies
and
ser
vice
del
i \ e
rers
.
The
cre
atio
n of
Dis
trkt
Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s B
oard
sin
Flo
rida
's h
ealth
and
hum
an s
ers
ices
reg
ions
was
legi
slat
ed in
1992
(H
ouse
BM
237
9) a
fter
the
Off
ice
of th
e G
over
nor
and
anu
mbe
r of
com
mis
sion
s an
d ta
sk f
orce
s ha
d in
vest
igat
ed w
ays
to r
eorg
ani/e
the
stat
e's
mul
ti-ag
ency
Dep
artm
ent o
l Hea
lthan
d R
ehab
ilita
tise
Ser\
ices
I H
RS
I. T
he le
gisl
atio
n sp
ecif
ies
the
com
posi
tion
of e
ach
hoar
d an
d ho
w m
embe
rs a
re to
be
LiFi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
appo
inte
d to
ens
ure
full
repr
esen
tatio
n of
the
mul
ti-co
unty
regi
on it
will
gov
ern.
The
boa
rds.
com
pris
c.d
of a
genc
y, s
choo
l.bu
sine
ss, a
nd p
rivat
e se
ctor
rep
rese
ntat
ives
. wor
k jo
intly
with
thei
r re
spec
tive
HR
S d
istr
ict a
dmin
istr
ator
s. S
tate
fund
s ar
edi
rect
ly a
lloca
ted
to H
RS
. the
n di
strib
uted
to th
e di
stric
ts o
n a
form
ula
basi
s. C
urre
ntly
. no
spec
ial m
onie
s ar
c ap
pRip
riate
d to
supp
ort r
egio
nal a
ctiv
ity: b
oard
s ar
e ex
pect
ed to
see
k ot
her
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e hi
cal r
esou
rces
to s
uppl
emen
t sta
te d
olla
rs.
The
boa
rds
are
inte
nded
to b
e ne
w g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
that
wor
k in
par
tner
ship
vs,
ith
the
stat
e to
ens
ure
subs
tant
ial l
ocal
deci
sion
mak
ing,
ss
'thin
bro
ad s
tate
s\ id
e po
licie
s, r
egar
ding
how
hea
lth a
nd h
uina
n se
rvic
es a
re o
rgan
ized
and
man
aged
tom
eet t
he n
eeds
of t
heir
uniq
ue r
egio
ns.
The
Fam
ily D
evel
opm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suff
icie
ncy
Prog
ram
inlo
w a
is a
join
t ini
tiativ
e of
the
Offi
ce o
f the
Gos
ern
or a
nd th
ele
nera
l Ass
embl
y th
at h
as e
volv
ed b
eyon
d th
e de
mon
stra
tion
stag
e an
d is
ent
erin
g its
fifth
y c
al o
f im
plem
enta
tion.
The
pro
-gr
am, e
stab
lishe
d th
roug
h le
gisl
atio
n in
198
8. is
a p
re-c
risis
fam
ily p
rese
rv a
unt)
pro
gram
that
focu
ses
on fa
mili
es a
t hig
hris
k of
bec
omin
g lo
ng-t
erm
rec
ipie
nts
of A
FD
C. I
t int
ends
tosu
ppor
t com
mun
ity -
base
d. c
ompr
ehen
sive
, cap
acity
-bui
ldin
gin
ters
ent
ions
sv
ith a
t-ris
k fa
mili
es. T
wel
ve lo
cal p
rogr
ams
cur-
rent
ly a
re r
eed'
s in
g st
ate
gran
ts, w
ith a
dditi
onal
mon
ies
obta
ined
from
the
fede
ral J
OB
S p
rogr
alll
and
loca
l org
aniz
a-lit
ns.
Eac
h pr
ogra
m is
affi
liate
d ss
ith a
com
mun
ity a
ctio
nag
ency
. cou
nty
goy
ernm
ent.
or n
on-p
rofit
org
aniz
atio
n co
n-tr
olle
d by
a lo
cal g
over
ning
boa
rd. T
he m
ajor
des
ired
out-
com
es o
t the
pro
gram
are
incr
ease
d nu
mbe
rs o
f fam
ilies
that
atta
in a
nd s
usta
in s
elf-
sulfi
cien
t, nu
rtur
ing
firm
ily e
nviro
n-m
ents
, and
red
uced
num
bers
of c
hild
ren
in n
eed
of fo
ster
car
e.
Ken
tuck
y 's
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
Cen
ters
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ters
arc
one
c:u
rnpo
nent
ot t
he s
tate
's m
assi
ve E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
Act
of 1
990
(I lo
use
Bill
940
). T
he le
gisl
ativ
e in
tent
ines
tabl
ishi
ng th
e C
ente
rs is
to e
nabl
e sc
hool
s to
dea
l M. i
th p
rob-
lem
s tit
hei t
han
thos
e di
rect
ly e
ncou
nter
ed a
t sch
ool t
hat m
ight
affe
ct a
stu
dent
's le
arni
ng. A
s of
sch
ool y
ear
1992
-93.
206
scho
ol b
ased
or
scho
ol-li
nked
Cen
ters
are
rec
eivi
ng s
tate
fund
ing
to id
entif
y an
d co
ordi
nate
a r
ange
of s
ers
ices
in th
eir
conu
mm
ities
to m
eet i
lk' n
eeds
of c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. Eac
hC
ente
l has
a lo
cal a
ds is
ory
coun
cil t
hat i
s at
leas
t one
third
com
pris
ed o
f par
ents
and
als
o in
clud
es s
choo
l sta
ff m
embe
rs.
spec
ial p
rogr
am r
epie
sent
atis
es, a
nd th
e co
nnnu
nity
at l
arge
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
The
des
ired
outc
ome
of th
e C
ente
rs is
the
redu
ctio
n of
phy
si-
cal a
nd m
enta
l bar
riers
.to le
arni
ng fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n.
The
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
m I
nitia
tive
resi
des
in M
aryl
and'
s O
ffice
for
Chi
ldre
n. Y
outh
, and
Fam
ilies
, cre
at-
ed b
y th
e O
ffice
of t
he G
over
nor
in th
e la
te 1
980s
as
a re
sult
ofva
rious
effo
rts
tow
ard
inte
rage
ncy
coor
dina
tion.
In 1
990,
Sen
ate
Bill
389
req
uire
d lo
calit
ies
to e
stab
lish
colla
bora
tive
plan
ning
ent
ities
to c
reat
e an
d di
rect
loca
l int
erag
ency
ser
vice
syst
ems.
The
inte
nt o
f the
Initi
ativ
e is
to p
rovi
de b
ette
r fiu
nily
-fo
cuse
d se
rvic
es to
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re p
rese
ntly
in o
r at
ris
k of
out-
of-h
ome
plac
emen
t, an
d to
beg
in to
red
irect
fund
ing
stre
ams
and
fisca
l inc
entiv
es a
way
from
inap
prop
riate
pla
ce-
men
ts a
nd to
war
ds c
omm
unity
-bas
ed s
ervi
ces.
Loc
al b
oard
sha
ve th
e op
tion
of b
eing
a u
nit o
f cou
nty
gove
rnm
ent o
r a
quas
i-pub
lic. n
on-p
rofit
org
aniz
atio
n. M
embe
rs a
re a
ppoi
nted
by th
e ci
ty o
r co
unty
's c
hief
exe
cutiv
e of
ficer
and
incl
ude
rep-
rese
ntat
ives
from
pub
lic a
genc
ies,
the
loca
l sch
ool s
yste
m, a
ndlo
cal O
vern
men
t. Lo
cal b
oard
s de
pend
on
a m
ix o
f sta
te p
lace
-m
ent d
olla
rs (
redi
rect
ed fr
om o
ut-o
f-ho
me-
plac
emen
ts to
loca
lpr
ogra
m s
ervi
ces)
, gen
eral
fund
mon
ies,
and
a v
arie
ty o
f age
n-ci
es' f
unds
. Des
ired
syst
em o
utco
mes
of t
he In
itiat
ive
are
dece
ntra
lized
pro
gram
mat
ic d
ecis
ionm
akin
g. fl
exib
le fu
ndin
g.an
d a
part
ners
hip
betw
een
fam
ilies
and
loca
l ser
vice
del
iver
ers.
New
Mex
ico'
sC
onun
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
(C
IS )
initi
ativ
e or
igi-
nate
d w
ith a
one
-yea
r gr
ant i
n 19
91 fr
om th
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
tof
Lab
or (
1)01
.), D
epar
tmen
t of J
ustic
e, a
nd n
atio
nal C
ities
inS
choo
ls o
ffice
. The
mis
sion
of t
he in
itiat
ive
(now
hou
sed
inth
e ('h
ildre
n. Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
Dep
artm
ent)
is to
ena
ble
loca
litie
s to
dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t inn
ovat
ive
and
colla
bora
-tiv
e se
rvic
es a
nd p
rogr
ams,
with
an
emph
asis
on
at-r
isk
olde
rch
ildre
n an
d yo
uth.
Fou
r si
tes
are
curr
ently
fund
ed. E
ach
site
is g
over
ned
by a
loca
l hoa
rd s
u. it
h at
leas
t hal
f' of
the
mem
ber-
ship
rep
rese
ntin
g pi
s at
e en
titie
s. D
urin
g th
e pe
riod
1992
thro
ugh
1994
. the
sta
te is
usi
ng a
sm
alle
r D
OL
gran
t, su
pple
-m
ente
d th
roug
h a
varie
ty o
f loc
al c
ost-
shar
ing
and
inte
ra-
genc
y ag
reem
ents
. to
prov
ide
seed
nm
ney
tOr
new
CIS
com
-m
uniti
es. T
he d
esire
d ou
tcom
e of
the
stat
e's
impl
emen
tatio
nof
the
CIS
mod
el is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a h
olis
tic a
ppro
ach
tose
rvin
g ch
ildre
n. th
e en
tire
fam
ily, a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
in a
com
preh
ensi
ve m
anne
r th
roug
h th
e u,
,! o
f suc
h st
rate
gies
as
co-lo
catio
n of
ser
vice
s. c
ase
man
agem
ent,
and
the
crea
tion
ofpu
blic
-priv
ate
part
ners
hips
.
Li
4o
Ack
now
ledg
men
tsh
e au
thor
s of
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Cre
atin
,q L
ocal
Goe
rnan
ce S
truc
ture
s gr
atef
ully
ack
now
ledg
e th
e as
sist
ance
of s
ever
al p
eopl
e in
its
prod
uctio
n. W
e pa
rtic
ular
ly w
ant t
oth
ank
Bev
erly
Jim
mer
son,
Gov
erno
r's P
olic
y C
ounc
il. S
tate
of
Tex
as; S
aral
ee T
iede
. Ass
ista
nt C
omm
issi
oner
for
Ext
erna
lR
elat
ions
, Tex
as H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Com
mis
sion
:R
uthi
e F
ord.
Offi
ce o
f the
Gov
erno
r; P
at A
nder
son
of th
eT
exas
Dep
artm
ent o
f Pro
tect
ive
and
Reg
ulat
ory
Ser
xice
s: L
iz.
Silb
erna
gel o
f the
Tex
as D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s: K
ent
Pet
erso
n. C
ounc
il fo
r G
over
nors
Pol
icy
Adv
isor
s: J
udith
Chy
now
eth
of th
e F
ound
atio
n C
onso
rtiu
m fo
r S
choo
l-Lin
ked
Ser
x ic
es in
Cal
iforn
ia; a
nd B
oyd
War
d, D
eput
y D
irect
or. N
ewF
utur
es fo
r Li
ttle
Roc
k Y
outh
. Tha
nks
go a
lso
to L
onne
Par
ent
and
Art
ie S
tock
ton
at S
EM
, for
thei
r ed
itoria
l sup
port
. and
toA
rleen
Pol
ite. a
n A
ustin
, Tex
as a
rtis
t, fo
r de
sign
and
cre
atio
nof
the
woo
d en
gras
ing.
Fin
ally
. we
than
k al
l res
pond
ents
for
thei
r tim
e an
d at
tent
ion
to th
is p
ublic
atio
n, a
nd fo
r th
eii-
com
-m
itmen
t to
the
child
ren
(If t
heir
stat
es (
see
App
endi
x.In
ter\
iew
ees)
.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Dev
elop
men
t of t
he D
ocum
ent
Tar
get A
udie
nce.
Thi
s O
ccas
iona
l Pap
er is
inte
nded
toin
form
sta
te a
nd lo
cal p
olic
y- a
nd d
ecis
ionm
aker
s in
edu
catio
nan
d ot
her
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te h
uman
ser
vice
s or
gani
zatio
ns.
Purp
ose.
The
doc
umen
t giv
es th
e ta
rget
aud
ienc
e a
set o
f pr
o-fi
les
from
eig
ht s
tate
s (A
rkan
sas,
Cal
ifor
nia.
Col
orad
o,Fl
orid
a. I
owa.
Ken
tuck
y. M
aryl
and,
and
New
Mex
ico)
that
are
chan
ging
the
role
s of
sta
te a
nd lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts in
the
gove
r-na
nce
of s
yste
ms
that
pro
vide
hig
h qu
ality
,co
mpr
ehen
sive
sers
ices
to c
hild
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es. I
t is
inte
nded
tohe
lpre
ader
s th
ink
abou
t how
they
mig
ht a
pply
the
earl
y le
sson
s of
thes
e ei
ght s
tate
s as
they
con
side
r th
e fo
llow
ing
ques
tions
:
I.W
hat a
re s
ome
mec
hani
sms
or s
truc
ture
s th
at m
yst
ate
!i.e
. leg
tsla
ture
: exe
cutiv
e of
fice
s: s
tate
agen
cies
of
educ
atio
n, h
ealth
. jU
seni
le ju
stic
e.an
d so
cial
set
-% ic
esm
ight
use
to e
nabl
e lo
cali-
ties
(e.g
.. ci
ty o
r co
unty
off
ices
, reg
iona
l com
-m
issi
ons.
loca
l age
ncie
s) to
go'
ern
sys
tem
s of
sers
ice
delis
ery
for
fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n?
Wha
t are
som
e po
licy
stra
tegi
es. s
truc
ture
s, o
r.m
echa
nism
s th
at lo
calit
ies
mig
ht u
se in
gos
em
-m
g lo
cal s
x st
erns
that
pro
vide
con
tinuo
us. c
om-
preh
ensi
se s
ers
ices
to c
hild
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es?
Stat
e po
licy
mak
ers
can
use
thes
e pr
ofile
s to
lear
n ho
w s
ome
stat
es a
re s
s (i
rkin
g ss
ith
loca
l gos
ernm
ents
and
serv
ice
pros
Ide
rs. L
ocal
pol
icy
mak
ers
and
sers
ice
prov
ider
s ca
n us
eth
em to
info
rm th
eir
ow n
eff
orts
to a
ssum
e ne
ssro
les
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
in th
e cr
eatio
n an
d go
sern
ance
of
syst
ems
that
rim
s id
e hi
gh q
ualit
y. c
ompr
ehen
sis
e se
rs ic
es to
child
ren
and
Rea
ders
als
o ca
n us
e th
ese
prof
iles
to s
hare
with
and
educ
ate
cons
titue
nts.
or
to e
xpan
d th
eir
netw
ork
of c
onta
cts
and
reso
urce
s.
Proc
edur
es. T
he N
sork
des
crib
ed in
this
pap
er h
as b
een
car-
ried
out
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
sta
ff o
f th
e T
exas
Hea
lth a
nd!I
nman
Ser
. ice
s C
orm
mss
ion.
Tex
as C
lose
rnor
's P
olky
Cou
ncil.
and
the
Tex
as D
epar
tmen
t or
Hum
an S
ers
ices
. One
ques
tion
ot in
tere
st to
them
is.
"Wha
t sor
t of
entit
ies
can
the
stat
e cr
eate
at l
egio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
esel
s to
ens
ure
loca
lpa
rtic
i-
'pat
io')
in s
ets
ice
delis
ety
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
To
help
fra
me
optio
ns in
res
pons
e to
this
que
stio
n, S
outh
wes
tE
duca
tiona
l Dev
elop
men
t Lab
orat
ory
(SE
DL
) ag
reed
to c
ol-
lect
info
rmat
ion
thro
ugh
info
rmal
, str
uctu
red
tele
phon
e co
n-ve
rsat
ions
with
rep
rese
ntat
ives
of
stat
e of
fice
s or
age
ncie
s th
atha
ve in
itiat
ed n
ew r
elat
ions
hips
bet
wee
n th
e st
ate
and
loca
lle
vels
of
gove
rnm
ent t
o st
reng
then
ser
vice
s to
chi
ldre
n an
dfa
mili
es.
Pote
ntia
l res
pond
ents
wer
e id
entif
ied
from
a r
evie
w o
f lit
era-
ture
. fro
nt S
ED
L's
kno
wle
dge
abou
t suc
h ef
fort
s in
its
regi
on.
and
in te
leph
one
conv
ersa
tions
with
Jud
ith C
hyno
wet
h, o
f'C
alif
orni
a's
Foun
datio
n C
onso
rtiu
m f
or S
choo
l-L
inke
dSe
rvic
es. a
nd K
ent P
eter
son,
of
the
Cou
ncil
of G
over
nors
'Po
licy
Adv
isor
s (C
GPA
).
Res
pond
ents
wer
e fi
rst c
onta
cted
by
tele
phon
e to
det
erm
ine
thei
r in
tere
st a
nd w
illin
gnes
s to
talk
with
SE
DL
sta
ff. I
f th
eyag
reed
. the
y re
ceiv
ed a
cop
y of
the
conv
ersa
tion
guid
e (s
eeA
ppen
dix)
. Sta
ff ta
lked
with
key
info
rman
ts (
N=
13)
in th
eei
ght s
tate
s ab
out t
he w
ays
in w
hich
thei
r st
ate
initi
ativ
es a
reor
gani
zed
to e
ncou
rage
loca
l gov
erna
nce
of s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery
(see
App
endi
x. I
nter
view
ees)
. Iss
ues
incl
uded
the
follo
win
g:(a
) or
igin
and
his
tory
of
the
initi
ativ
e. (
b) m
issi
on a
ndgo
als,
(c)
desi
red
outc
omes
, (d)
col
labo
ratio
n, (
e) s
tate
fun
ctio
ns.
(f)
loca
l mem
bers
hip
and
orga
niza
tion,
(g)
dec
isio
nmak
ing.
(h)
acco
unta
bilit
y. (
i) lo
cal f
unct
ions
. (j)
ser
vice
del
is e
ry.
(k)
fund
ing.
and
(I)
dat
a co
llect
ion.
Inf
orm
ants
ref
lect
ed o
nth
e un
ique
fea
ture
s of
thei
r st
ate'
s in
itiat
ive
and
offe
red
opin
ions
reg
ardi
ng th
e ro
le th
e st
ate
mus
t pla
y in
initi
atin
gan
d su
ppor
ting
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es. T
hey
also
pro
-vi
ded
artif
acts
(e.
g., l
egis
latio
n. s
tate
pla
ns. R
eque
sts
for
Prop
osal
) th
at s
how
how
thei
r st
ates
add
ress
man
y of
the
issu
es d
iscu
ssed
in th
e in
form
al c
onve
rsat
ions
.
Aft
er th
e co
nver
satio
ns, t
he in
form
atio
n w
as s
ynth
esiz
edin
corp
orat
ing
addi
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n fr
om s
uppo
rtin
g do
cu-
men
ts p
rovi
ded
by th
e in
form
ants
, Dra
fts
of p
rofi
les
wer
em
aile
d or
fax
ed to
the
resp
onde
nts
for
veri
fica
tion
and
clar
ifi-
catio
n du
ring
the
win
ter
of 1
992/
93. A
fter
info
rman
tsre
s ie
wed
the
draf
ts. t
hey
wer
e sh
ared
with
mem
bers
of
the
Gov
erno
r's P
olic
y C
ounc
il. H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ees
Com
mis
sion
. and
Tex
as D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
()4,
U
Lim
itatio
ns. T
hepr
ofile
s in
this
pap
er s
how
the
feat
ures
of
new
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es c
reat
ed in
eig
ht s
tate
s. T
his
effo
rt to
des
crib
e th
at la
ndsc
ape
is e
xplo
rato
ry in
nat
ure.
and
has
neith
er th
e sc
ope
nor
inte
ntio
ns o
f a c
ase
or fi
eld
stud
y.F
urth
erm
ore,
mos
t of t
he e
ffort
s de
scrib
ed a
re in
ear
ly s
tage
sof
form
atio
n or
impl
emen
tatio
n. A
t thi
s po
int i
n th
eir
deve
lop-
men
t, th
ese
effo
rts
are
likel
y to
exp
erie
nce
grea
t cha
nge
and
adap
tatio
n.
The
pro
files
in th
is O
ccas
iona
l Pap
er w
ere
deve
lope
d fr
omS
epte
mbe
r th
roug
h N
ovem
ber
of 1
992.
The
aut
hors
hav
ere
vise
d th
e pr
ofile
s fo
r A
rkan
sas.
Cal
iforn
ia. a
nd F
lorid
a to
incl
ude
upda
ted
info
rmat
ion:
the
othe
r fiv
e pr
ofile
s re
pres
ent
prog
ress
as
of e
arly
199
3. B
y th
e tim
e th
is p
aper
is p
ublis
hed.
the
initi
ativ
es d
escr
ibed
her
e pr
obab
ly w
ill h
ave
mad
epr
ogre
ss, m
odifi
catio
ns, o
r ch
ange
s in
res
pons
e to
thei
r st
ate
econ
omic
and
pol
itica
l clim
ates
as
wel
l as
to th
e ne
eds
of th
eir
targ
et p
opul
atio
ns. T
hese
eig
ht in
itiat
ives
will
hea
r m
ore
robu
st im
estig
atio
n ov
er ti
me
to u
pdat
e pr
ogre
ss a
nd to
doc
u-m
ent t
he lo
ng-t
erm
impa
ct o
f suc
h ef
fort
s on
chi
ldre
n, fa
mi-
lies,
pro
fess
iona
ls. a
nd e
ncom
pass
ing
serv
ice
syst
ems.
The
yca
n te
ach
LI S
wha
t it t
akes
to fi
nd a
nd s
hare
com
mon
gro
und
betw
een
stat
e an
d lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s an
def
fort
s in
ser
\ ing
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mili
es.
21F
indi
ng C
omm
on G
roun
d:
The
nee
ds o
f "a
t ris
k- c
hild
ren
seld
om f
idl n
eatly
into
a s
ingl
e ca
tego
ry. I
n ad
ditio
n to
nee
ding
ast
rong
edu
catio
nal s
Vste
m to
%uc
ceed
. chi
ldre
nne
ed a
dult
supp
ort.
auen
non.
and
love
. The
y ge
edpr
oper
nut
ritio
n an
d he
alth
car
e. T
hey
need
a s
afe
plac
e to
live
. 'H
wy
need
gui
danc
e in
dev
elop
ing
thei
r id
entit
ies.
incl
udin
g a
supm
itive
pee
r et
antr
e./h
es. n
eed
mle
mod
els
that
dem
onst
rate
the
bene
-fi
t% o
flio
rk.
fram
ing.
ioul
sel
f-di
scip
line.
(B
rune
r.19
) 1.
p.
The
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l set
.% ic
e ne
eds
cif f
atM
lies
has
e be
coni
ein
extr
icah
k lin
ked
to th
e ed
ucat
iona
l suc
cess
or
failu
re o
f the
irch
ildre
n. A
s st
ate
and
loca
l pili
cy m
aker
s se
ek w
ay s
to im
pnw
eth
e ac
adem
ic p
erfo
rman
ce c
if al
l stu
dent
s in
thei
r sc
hool
s an
ddi
stric
ts. t
hey
find
that
sig
nific
ant n
umbe
rs o
f chi
ldre
n br
ing
toth
e sc
hool
hous
e do
or p
robl
ems
that
cre
ate
harr
iers
to th
eir
lear
ning
barr
iers
that
sch
ools
are
not
pre
pare
d to
add
ress
.hi
s is
mit
a ne
w p
heno
men
on. T
here
has
long
bee
n a
reco
gni-
tion
ol th
e ta
ct th
at "
the
phys
ical
and
men
tal c
ondi
tion
of th
eeh
ildre
n. a
nd th
eir
out -
of -
scho
ol e
\per
ienc
es a
nd b
ehas
iors
. are
pow
erfu
l inf
luen
ces
oil t
heir
in-s
choo
l per
form
ance
- (M
orril
l.19
92. p
. 34)
. Sin
ce th
e 18
90s,
edu
cato
rs, s
ocio
logi
sts,
med
ical
wor
kers
. and
a r
ange
of c
omm
unity
act
k is
ts h
ike
focu
sed
pub-
lic a
ttent
ion
on th
e ne
ed to
r ch
ildre
n in
pm
erty
to h
ike
acce
ssto
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
s ic
es. a
s \s
ell a
s ed
ucat
ion.
in o
rder
tobe
com
e pr
oduc
tie m
embe
rs o
f soc
iek
Als
o si
nce
that
tit i
e. s
choo
ls th
emse
l es
hike
bee
n "a
ttrac
tke
targ
ets
tor
relo
rmer
s se
ekin
g to
impr
ose
the
heal
th a
nd w
elfa
reitt
child
ien.
for
scho
ols
pro
ided
sus
tain
ed c
onta
ct w
ith
child
ren
and
a ca
ptk
e au
dien
ce-
( ka
ck. 1
992.
p. 2
H. C
erta
in s
els
ices
once
pro
s id
ed o
lunt
arily
hy
phys
icia
ns. d
entis
ts. a
nd n
onpr
ofes
-si
onal
plu
lant
hrop
ic o
rgan
t/atio
ns n
ow h
as e
bec
ome
stan
dard
func
tions
ot t
he s
choo
l: fr
ee a
nd r
educ
ed-p
rice
lunc
hes:
cou
nsel
-in
g se
n ic
es: l
imite
d he
alth
sen
ices
by
a sc
hool
nur
se: a
nd. i
nM
ilan
area
s, th
e se
ts ic
es o
t sch
ool s
ocia
l wor
kers
or
;sui
ng
teac
hers
The
num
beis
ol c
hild
ren
at r
isk
of s
choo
l fad
ure.
how
es e
r, a
ppea
r to
be
grow
ing.
iitd
man
y of
thes
e ch
ildre
n ha
s e
need
s th
at s
urpa
ss th
ose
that
can
he
;iddi
.cd
by s
choo
ls' l
imit
ed n
on a
cade
mic
set
\11
1,..s
e ar
e th
e ch
ildre
n w
ith m
ultip
lepr
oble
ms
that
-cu
t aci
oss
cate
gorie
s ot
sen
, ice
and
ins
ols
ehe
alth
. men
tal h
ealth
, edu
catio
n. e
mpl
oy w
ent.
hou,
ing.
nut
ritio
n.an
d so
cial
set
s IC
es-
iem
Cer
to. 1
992,
p.
I 19i
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s i,
4 4/
Pol
icym
aker
s ar
e he
arin
g a
cons
ensu
s fr
om r
esea
rche
rs a
ndpr
actit
ione
rs th
at "
All
face
ts o
f a c
hild
's w
ell-b
eing
safe
ty,
nutr
ition
. phy
sica
l, an
d m
enta
l hea
lth--
are
stro
ngly
rel
ated
toac
hiev
emen
t in
scho
ol...
.But
, sch
ools
alo
ne c
anno
t add
ress
the
prob
lem
s st
uden
ts a
nd th
eir
fam
ilies
face
- (P
olla
rd. M
ay 1
990.
p.I
In s
earc
hing
for
solu
tions
, sta
te le
ader
s ar
e ta
king
a c
riti-
cal l
ook
at h
ow h
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
are
curr
ently
pro
vid-
ed a
nd e
xper
imen
ting
with
new
des
igns
for
the
syst
ems
that
go\ e
rn a
nd d
eliv
er th
em.
The
Cur
rent
Str
uctu
re a
ndD
eliv
ery
of S
ervi
ces
With
out q
uest
ion
man
y ch
ildre
n in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
!lase
mul
tiple
nee
ds th
at th
eir
first
line
of s
uppo
rtth
eir
fam
ilies
cann
ot m
eet.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly. i
t is
also
true
that
pub
lic fu
nds
and
serv
ices
are
not
mee
ting
thei
r ne
eds.
Mar
tin II
. Ger
ry a
ndN
icho
las
.1. C
erto
of t
he U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
and
Hum
anS
ervi
ces
clai
m th
at th
e he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ce s
yste
m it
self.
w h
ien
incl
udes
hun
dred
s of
fede
rally
fund
ed c
ateg
oric
al p
ro-
gram
s. is
par
t of t
he p
robl
em. T
hey
cite
the
follo
win
g ris
ei»
ikjo
r sy
ste
m b
arrie
rs to
fain
ilies
ben
efiti
ng fu
lly fr
om s
en ic
es(1
992.
p. 1
20i:
.T
here
is n
o si
ngle
poi
nt o
f acc
ess
at th
e co
mm
u-ni
ty le
s el
.
2.In
dis
idua
l age
ncie
s an
d pr
ogra
ms
fail
to u
se a
unifi
ed. i
nter
rela
ted,
or
holis
tic a
ppro
ach
tom
eetin
g fa
mily
nee
ds.
3.A
dmin
istr
atis
e o
bsta
cles
w it
hin
prog
ram
s m
ake
it di
fficu
lt to
del
is e
r se
rvic
es e
ffect
ivel
y .
Son
ic c
ateg
oric
al p
rogr
ams
actis
ely
disc
oura
geor
pen
ali/e
effo
rts
by fa
mili
es to
ass
ume
pers
on-
al r
espo
nsib
ility
hy
term
inat
ing
sen
ices
or
bene
-tit
s w
hen
fatu
ities
are
just
beg
inni
ng to
dem
on-
stra
te s
ucce
ss.
5.ni
ere
is il
o si
ngle
poi
nt o
f acc
ount
abili
ty in
the
1 he
ss
aN, h
ealth
iind
soc
ial s
en ic
es ii
re c
urre
ntly
go
N. t
ined
not
delis
ere
dit
the
stat
e an
d lo
cal l
es e
ls a
lso
has
cont
ribut
ed to
the
mis
mat
ch b
etw
een
the
need
s of
chi
ldre
n an
d th
eir
fam
ilies
As
stat
e an
d lo
cal p
olic
y-m
aker
s se
ekw
ays
to im
prov
eth
e ac
adem
ic p
edar
man
ce q
tal
l stu
dent
s...-
thev
fin
d th
atsi
gnif
ant n
umbe
rs o
f ch
il-dr
en b
ring
to th
e sc
hool
hous
edo
or p
robl
ems
that
cre
ate
barr
ier.
s. to
thei
r le
artth
lgba
rrie
rs th
at s
choo
ls a
re n
otpr
epar
ed to
add
ress
.
and
the
publ
ic s
yste
ms
that
wer
e cr
eate
d to
ser
ve th
em. T
hese
deliv
ery
syst
ems
are
desc
ribed
by
Mel
avill
e an
d B
lank
(19
91)
as fr
agm
ente
d no
n-sy
stem
s, c
hara
cter
ized
by
such
dys
func
-tio
nal f
eatu
res
as:
cris
is-o
rien
tatio
nw
hich
atte
mpt
s to
rem
edia
tepr
oble
ms
rath
er th
an p
ro e
nt th
eir
occu
rren
ce.
rigi
d ca
tego
riza
tion
of p
robl
ems
that
fails
toco
nsid
er th
e in
terr
elat
edne
ss o
f cau
ses
and
solu
-tik
ms
for
an in
diY
idua
l or
his/
her
fam
ily,
lack
of
com
mun
icat
ion
amon
g sy
stem
s an
d th
epu
blic
and
priy
ate
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs in
eac
h.
spec
ializ
atio
n of
ser
vice
pro
vide
rsth
at r
ende
rsth
em u
nabl
e to
dev
ise
solu
tions
to c
ompl
es p
rob-
lem
s, a
nd
insu
ffic
ient
fun
ding
to p
rovi
de ,e
ry ic
es fo
rch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es w
ith
a hi
stor
y of
mul
tiple
prob
lem
s.
Osb
orne
and
Gae
hler
(19
92)
desc
ribe
the
irony
in h
ow s
uch
atr
oubl
ed s
\ st
ein
cam
e to
he.
The
deY
elop
men
t ot a
hea
lth a
ndso
cial
sei
vic
es s
yste
m d
urin
g th
e la
te 1
800s
was
our
nat
ion'
,re
spon
se to
the
need
s of
fam
ilies
and
com
mun
ities
und
er s
tres
sat
that
tim
e. la
ical
, sta
te, a
nd fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ents
took
on
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
r in
itiat
ing
and
man
agin
g so
me
publ
ic h
ealth
and
sici
al s
erY
ices
, and
a p
rofe
ssio
nal c
lass
of s
ers
ice
wor
kers
bega
n to
em
erge
. The
orig
inal
inte
nt w
as to
supp
lem
ent t
heef
fort
s of
fam
ilies
, chu
rche
s, a
nd lo
cal v
olun
teer
sw
ho w
ere
stru
gglin
g to
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f peo
ple
in g
row
ing
indu
stria
l-i/e
d ur
ban
arca
.. H
ow e
Yer
, the
res
ult a
cen
tury
late
r is
a s
ys-
tem
gm
erne
d by
thos
e in
pub
lic o
ffice
and
impl
emen
ted
by
prof
essi
onal
s. In
divi
dual
and
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
ha\
ebe
com
e th
esu
pple
men
t to
publ
ic s
ervi
ces.
Thi
s re
yers
al in
locu
s ol
res
pons
ibili
ty h
as r
esul
ted
in a
slo
w h
ut c
erta
in d
is-
tanc
ing
of th
e co
mm
unity
from
its
mem
bers
in n
eed.
Wha
tbe
gan
as a
rem
edy
for
the
com
mun
ity 's
eakn
esse
s ha
sbe
com
e a
repl
acei
nent
for
it. s
tren
gths
.
(her
tim
e, th
e sp
ixia
liiat
ion
and
cate
gori/
at to
n of
go\
em
inen
t-pi
o id
ed s
eric
es h
a\ e
cre
ated
an
ey e
nid
er g
ulf b
etw
een
com
mun
ities
and
thei
r ch
ildie
n an
d fa
mili
es w
ho n
eed
supp
ort.
I he
fede
ral a
ppio
ach
to p
roy
idin
g se
ry ic
es b
y en
title
men
t, an
dus
ing
cate
goric
al tu
nds
to c
hann
el r
esou
rces
to s
tate
s, h
asbe
en
imita
ted
at th
e st
ate
leve
l. S
tate
age
ncie
s pr
ovid
e fu
ndin
g an
dse
rvic
es in
hig
hly
pres
crip
tive
way
s, a
nd p
rovi
de m
inim
alau
thor
ity a
nd r
esou
rces
to lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts to
coo
rdin
ate
the
man
y ca
tego
rical
ser
vice
s in
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es. T
hose
few
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
that
doha
ve a
maj
or r
ole
in s
ervi
ce p
rovi
-si
on te
nd to
follo
w th
is s
ame
appr
oach
whe
n fa
ced
with
new
and
diffi
cult
com
mun
ity p
robl
ems:
they
cre
ate
spec
ialii
ed p
ro-
gram
s fo
r na
rrow
ly d
efin
ed p
opul
atio
ns.
Con
sequ
entl
y. th
roug
hout
the
syst
em. "
no c
lear
pol
icy
dire
c-tio
ns a
re a
vaila
ble
as a
fram
ewor
k w
ithin
whi
ch r
esou
rces
can
be in
vest
ed. A
genc
ies
do n
ot w
ork
tow
ard
com
mon
goa
ls th
atcu
t acr
oss
agen
cy b
ound
arie
s to
hel
p ei
ther
an
indi
sidu
al fa
m-
ily o
r to
adv
ance
a b
road
er c
omm
unity
pol
icy-
(C
SS
P. 1
991,
p. 4
). T
he p
rofu
sion
of s
tate
and
fede
ral a
genc
ies
that
car
ryou
t the
ir ow
n g
oal s
ettin
g. p
lann
ing.
and
ser
vice
del
iver
y ha
scr
eate
d a
set o
f dis
cret
e lo
cal s
ervi
ces
char
aete
ri/ed
by:
diffe
renc
es. e
ven
cont
radi
ctio
ns. i
n th
e di
agno
sis
of fa
mily
pro
blem
s:
solu
tions
that
are
too
narr
ow ly
focu
sed:
prob
lem
s th
at a
re ig
nore
d be
caus
e th
ey fa
llun
der
"som
ebod
y el
se's
" pu
rY ie
w :
and
clas
hes
in p
hilo
soph
y zi
nd a
ppro
ach
amon
gde
li er
ers.
In c
onsi
derin
g th
e so
urce
of t
urm
oil i
n th
e fe
dera
l-to-
stat
e-to
-lo
cal s
trea
m o
f ser
vice
s to
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mili
es. t
he (
'ent
er fo
rth
e S
tuds
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy
(199
1) a
sser
ts th
at fe
dera
l and
sta
tese
rY ic
es li
me
been
man
date
d sy
ithi
mt a
ttent
ion
to lo
cal n
eeds
for
dire
ctio
n or
the
infr
astr
uctu
re n
eces
sary
for
succ
essf
ulim
plem
enta
tion.
"N
o on
e is
in c
harg
e of
loca
l com
mun
ity s
er-
ices
for
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
. No
one
gove
rns
the
tota
lity
.N
o on
e ha
s oy
end
b re
spon
sibi
lity
for
()se
rail
outc
omes
- (
p. 3
).
The
Impo
rtan
ce o
f Com
mun
ityC
hang
ing
Sys
tem
s to
Sha
re R
espo
nsib
ility
Tod
ay, g
oyer
nmen
t is
begi
nnin
g to
rey
erse
this
tren
d. In
the
1970
s an
d 19
8(1s
. the
LS
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Ilc
alth
and
Hum
anS
ers
ices
mad
e th
e in
tegk
ition
of h
ealth
and
hum
an s
erY
ices
apr
iorit
y in
its
effo
rts
to im
proy
e th
e ou
tcom
es o
f gov
ernm
ent-
fund
ed p
rogr
ams.
The
tOcu
s in
itial
lyle
y as
on
impr
oy in
g pr
ogra
m
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
stre
ngth
enin
g st
ate
and
loca
l ser
vice
pro
vi-
sion
cap
aeity
; tha
t is.
impr
ovin
g pe
rfor
man
ce a
t the
man
age-
men
t and
pro
tCss
iona
l lev
els
(Ger
ry &
Cer
to. 1
9921
. The
failu
reof
this
app
roac
h to
sig
nific
antly
impr
oye
clie
nt o
utco
mes
led
toth
e cu
rren
t em
phas
is o
n de
velo
ping
a c
lient
-cen
tere
d de
cisi
on-
mak
ing
appr
oach
that
incr
ease
s "f
amily
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
thro
ugh
dire
ct in
vols
emen
t of t
he fa
mily
in th
e pl
anni
ng a
nde
alua
tion
of s
ers
ices
- (p
. 121
). G
erry
and
Cel
lo s
ugge
st th
atth
is a
ppro
ach
is p
ossi
bk o
nly
thro
ugh
"the
cre
atio
n of
ane
ighb
orho
od s
choo
l- an
d co
mm
unity
-bas
ed s
uppo
rt s
ys-
tem
. [em
phas
is a
dded
ss h
ich
stre
sses
per
sona
l res
pons
ibili
tyan
d ad
opts
a c
ompr
ehen
sixe
app
mac
h to
mee
ting
the
need
s of
p 12
2).
Hie
bel
ief t
hat e
rs ic
e sy
ste
ins
need
to b
e a
puhh
e re
spon
sibi
l-ity
sha
red
with
fam
ilies
. sch
ools
. and
com
mun
ities
rat
her
than
a go
sern
men
t res
pons
ihili
ty is
driv
ing
chan
ge in
the
educ
atio
ns\
ste
m a
s w
ell.
Alth
ough
edu
catio
n ha
s lo
ng b
een
the
resp
on-
srbi
lity
prim
arily
ot s
tate
s an
d lo
calit
ies
(i.e.
. sch
ool d
istr
icts
).12
.10s
nin
os e
men
t to
furt
her
dece
ntra
lim a
utho
rity
and
acco
unta
biilt
y is
und
erw
ay. M
any
prop
onen
ts o
l sch
ool-b
ased
man
agem
ent a
nd s
hare
d de
eisi
onm
akin
g em
phas
iie th
e pa
rtic
-Ip
:mon
of p
aren
ts, c
omm
unity
mem
bers
. and
eY
en
olde
r st
u-de
llk 0
11 s
choo
l and
dis
tric
t dec
isio
nmak
ing
team
s. T
he g
oal
othr
tliug
oss
ner
ship
and
gos
ern
ance
from
the
stat
e to
the
hool
eon
linun
it\is
"to
pro
s id
e lo
cal d
istr
icts
and
sch
ool
site
s ss
1th
the
llexi
hilit
y. a
utho
rity.
and
res
ourc
es th
ey n
eed
tode
celo
p le
arni
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties
that
add
ress
the
prob
lem
s an
dm
eet t
he n
eeds
ot t
hen
com
mon
\ of s
tude
nts"
iput
mei
ler
Mut
chle
i. 19
90. p
76)
'the
dece
ntra
lizat
ion
ol d
ecis
ionm
akin
g an
d ac
coun
tabi
lity
inth
e he
alth
and
soc
ial s
ets
ice
s st
ein
is in
tend
ed to
mee
t a s
im-
ilar
goal
. to
ploi
de lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es s
s ith
the
flexi
bilit
y.at
uhor
ity. a
nd r
esou
ices
they
nee
d to
des
clop
str
ateg
ies
for
serb
ice
delh
er th
at a
ddre
ss th
e pr
oble
ms
and
mee
t the
need
s ol
then
dul
d-en
and
fam
ilies
. Cur
rent
fede
ral a
ctix
ity
in th
e he
alth
and
soc
ial s
ery
ices
are
na c
lead
v re
flect
s th
issh
ilt ii
i res
p os
ihili
ty a
nd d
iscr
etio
n. s
y ith
incr
easi
ng o
ppor
tu-
nitie
s r,
ind
dem
ands
) to
t sta
tes
to e
xpet
'Mei
n V
. lilt
new
way
sit
ffinp
ros
in.,
sets
Ice
delk
ety
outc
omes
for
thei
r ci
tizen
s. T
hein
tent
is n
ot 1
0 el
imin
ate
go\ e
rnm
enta
l res
pons
ibili
ties
in th
es
stem
, hut
to r
ebui
ld th
e co
mm
unit\
's r
ole
in m
akin
g th
ess
tent
woi
k
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
ovor
nanc
e S
truc
tui e
s
Dec
entr
aliz
ing
deci
sion
mak
ing
and
acco
unta
bilit
y is
not
an
atte
mpt
to r
etur
n to
the
serv
ice
mod
el o
f the
180
0s. T
he U
nite
dS
tate
s of
the
1990
s ca
n ne
ver
agai
n re
ly s
olel
y on
chu
rche
s.ci
vic
serv
ice
grou
ps. a
nd o
ther
phi
lant
hrop
ic o
rgan
izat
ions
topr
ovid
e se
rvic
es to
thos
e in
nee
d. T
he e
xper
tise
and
expe
ri-en
ces
of h
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ce p
rofe
ssio
nals
will
rem
ain
esse
ntia
l res
ourc
es in
effo
rts
to m
eet h
uman
nee
ds. H
owev
er.
com
mun
ity o
wne
rshi
p an
d in
volv
emen
t in
gove
rnin
g he
alth
and
soci
al s
ervi
ces
mus
t he
cent
ral t
o th
e de
velo
pmen
t of a
nyne
w s
yste
m th
at c
an b
ette
r m
eet t
he m
ultip
le n
eeds
of c
hild
ren
and
fatn
ilies
who
are
livi
ng in
the
mar
gins
of s
ocie
ty.
A u
niqu
e le
vel o
f com
plex
ity e
xist
s in
bui
ldin
g co
mm
unity
capa
city
to s
hare
res
pons
ibili
ty fo
r se
rvic
e de
liver
y. T
he c
ur-
rent
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
vice
s "s
yste
m-
actu
ally
con
sist
s of
mul
tiple
hie
rarc
hica
l sys
tem
s. T
hese
sys
tem
s di
ffer
from
sta
teto
sta
te h
ut !n
ay in
clud
e su
ch s
epar
ate
agen
cies
and
com
mis
-si
ons
as: s
ocia
l ser
vice
s: h
ealth
: juv
enile
just
ice
and
corr
ec-
tions
; ser
vice
s fo
r th
e ag
ing.
the
blin
d, th
e de
af a
nd h
earin
gim
paire
d: m
enta
l hea
lth a
nd m
enta
l ret
arda
tion:
ear
ly c
hild
-ho
od, y
outh
, and
reh
abili
tatio
n. H
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
reor
gani
zatio
n w
ill r
equi
re s
hills
am
ong
mul
tiple
mas
sive
sys
-te
tns
as w
ell a
s be
twee
n th
e st
ate
and
loca
l lev
els
in e
ach.
befo
re c
omm
unity
ow
ners
hip
and
gove
rnan
ce o
f ser
vice
s ca
nhe
mor
e th
an a
loca
lized
phe
nom
enon
.
As
stat
es r
espo
nd to
pre
ssur
e fr
ont t
he fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent t
osh
ould
er g
reat
er r
espo
nsib
ility
and
set
new
goa
ls fo
r se
rvic
esin
tegr
atio
n, a
ttem
pts
to r
efor
m th
ese
com
plex
sys
tem
s ar
ebe
ing
unde
rtak
en. S
ome
stat
es fo
cus
on c
hang
es a
t the
sta
telo
ci th
roug
h su
ch a
ctio
ns a
s: in
itiat
ing
bure
aucr
atic
reo
rgan
i-za
tions
; shi
lling
maj
or a
reas
of a
utho
rity
and
resp
onsi
bilit
yfr
om o
ne le
s el
or
gove
rnm
ent t
o an
othe
r: a
nd u
sing
blo
ck g
rant
stra
tegi
es iC
SS
P, 1
991'
. Oth
ers
are
expl
orin
g w
ays
to b
egin
at
the
com
mun
ity le
x el
--p
rovi
ding
loca
l com
mun
ities
the
mea
nsto
cre
ate
and
go\ e
rn in
nova
tive
prog
ram
s ap
prop
riate
for
thei
rci
tizen
s. A
num
ber
of th
ese
stat
e in
itiat
ives
incl
udes
the
cre-
atio
n of
diff
eren
t typ
es o
f loc
al g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ure
to s
ersc
as
mec
hani
sms
for
build
ing
com
mun
ity c
apac
ity.
Sta
te a
cti(m
to s
uppo
rt a
nd n
urtu
re lo
cal g
o\ e
rnan
ce is
bas
ed o
nth
e be
lief t
hat "
whe
n co
nunt
initi
es a
re e
mpo
wer
ed to
sol
ve th
eir
01 1
1 pr
oble
ms.
they
func
tion
bette
r th
an c
omm
uniti
es th
atde
pend
on
sers
ices
pro
vide
d by
out
side
rs"
(Osb
orne
& G
aehl
er,
1992
. p. 5
1). T
he e
xpec
tatio
n is
that
whe
n go
\ ern
men
ts e
nabl
e
9
Whe
n go
t.ern
men
ts e
nabl
er
Inm
an it
is
tore
clai
m v
ocia
l pro
blem
s,th
ey e
mpo
wer
them
t,o)
redi
Aco
ver
the
Atr
engt
nsin
here
nt I
nco
mm
unity
.-
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es to
rec
laim
soc
ial p
robl
ems,
they
em
pow
erth
em to
red
isco
ver
the
stre
ngth
s in
here
nt in
"co
mm
unity
": c
om-
mitm
ent.
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
loca
l pro
blem
s. a
pro
blem
-sol
ving
rath
er th
an s
ervi
ce-p
rovi
sion
orie
ntat
ion,
car
ing.
flex
ibili
ty a
ndcr
eativ
ity. e
ffici
ency
, sha
red
valu
es, a
nd a
focu
s on
hum
anca
paci
ty r
athe
r th
an d
efic
ienc
y (O
sbor
ne &
(Ia
el)
ler,
199
2).
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
resM
echa
nism
sfo
r B
uild
ing
Com
mun
ity C
apac
ityA
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e is
an
orga
niza
tion
or in
tero
rga-
niza
tiona
l arr
ange
men
t at t
he r
egio
nal,
coun
ty, o
r lo
cal l
evel
that
mig
ht in
clud
e an
y co
mbi
natio
n of
sta
te, c
ount
y. o
r lo
cal
gove
rnm
enta
l age
ncie
s. a
nd p
rivat
e fo
r-pr
ofit
and/
or n
on-
prof
it ag
enci
es. A
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e ha
s au
tono
m; o
rdi
scre
tion
mei
: (a)
loca
l allo
catio
n of
res
ourc
es: (
b) lo
cal
deci
sion
mak
ing:
and
(c)
loca
l ser
vice
del
is e
ry, b
ut m
aint
ains
som
e ty
pe o
f rel
atio
nshi
p w
ith
agen
cies
at
the
stat
e le
vel.
Suc
h st
ruct
ures
or
entit
ies
are
"the
veh
icle
s th
roug
h w
hich
com
mun
ity s
er\ i
ces
inco
rpor
ate
an o
n-go
ing
proc
ess
orch
ange
....T
hey
are
the
mec
hani
sms
hy w
hich
pub
lic a
genc
ies.
actin
g in
con
cert
, can
set
dire
ctio
ns. m
arsh
all r
esou
rces
arou
nd c
omm
on g
oals
, int
egra
te s
en ic
e pr
o\ id
ers'
effo
rts.
and
mon
itor
thei
r ow
n su
cces
s" (
CS
SP
. 199
1. p
.
Nic
ht\ i
lle a
nd B
lank
(19
91)
desc
ribe
the
ultim
ate
goal
of l
ocal
gose
rnan
ce s
truc
ture
s as
a h
igh
qual
ity.
com
preh
ensi
ve. s
eam
-le
ss V
. ch
of s
ers
ices
. Suc
h a
syst
em o
f ser
vice
del
is c
ry is
char
-
acte
rized
by
the
follo
w in
g es
sent
ial e
lem
ents
:
has
\ acc
ess
to a
w id
e ar
ray
of p
ro e
ntio
n. tr
eat-
men
t. an
d su
ppor
t ser
vice
.
Fec
hniq
ues
to e
nsur
e th
at a
ppro
pria
te s
ers
ices
are
Nec
ked
and
adju
sted
to m
eet
the
chan
ging
need
s of
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
niili
es
lOcu
s on
the
w h
ole
fain
ily
Age
ncy
el fo
rts
to e
mpo
wer
fam
ilies
ss
ithin
an
atm
osph
ere
of m
utua
l res
pect
An
emph
asis
on
impr
oved
out
com
es fo
r ch
ildre
nan
d la
mili
es.
Cle
arly
. the
cre
atio
n an
d go
sern
ance
of a
ciM
1pre
hens
ise,
inte
-
gi a
teil
loca
l sy
stei
n O
F s
er%
ice
deli
\ cry
go
beyo
nd th
e co
ordi
na-
tion
of s
ervi
ces
to in
clud
e au
thor
ity o
ver
fisca
l mat
ters
and
eval
uatio
n. A
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e ca
n be
the
unify
ing
forc
e in
a c
omm
unity
"th
roug
h w
hich
em
ergi
ng p
robl
ems
can
be id
entif
ied
as th
ey a
re e
ncou
nter
ed in
divi
dual
ly b
y ag
enci
es.
anal
yzed
for
thei
r im
pact
on
a w
ide
rang
e of
fam
ilies
rat
her
than
just
a fe
w c
ateg
oric
al ta
rget
gro
ups,
and
str
ateg
ical
lyre
solv
ed o
n a
com
mun
ity-w
ide
basi
s" (
CS
SP
. 199
1. p
. 51.
Loca
l gov
erna
nce
will
app
ear
in n
o si
ngle
com
mon
form
. hut
tend
s to
be
inte
rpre
ted
as a
com
mun
ity-b
ased
, rat
her
than
inst
itutio
n-ba
sed,
mod
el. C
hask
in a
nd R
ichm
an (
1992
) pr
esen
tbo
th a
phi
loso
phic
al a
nd p
ract
ical
rat
iona
le fo
r se
para
ting
the
idea
of a
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e fr
om th
e m
ore
fam
iliar
scho
ol-li
nked
ser
vice
s m
odel
:
If se
see
the
plan
ning
. pro
mot
ing.
and
pro
visi
onof
the
full
rang
e of
chi
ldre
n's
sers
ices
and
opp
or-
tuni
ties
as th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of th
e co
mm
unity
rath
er th
an o
f a s
ingl
e in
stitu
tion,
that
res
pons
ibili
tyca
n be
com
e a
vehi
cle
for
enric
hing
(or
eve
n cr
eat-
ing)
com
mun
ity. S
uch
an a
ppro
ach
coul
d fo
ster
mec
hani
sms
for
prom
otin
g in
volv
emen
t in
the
com
mun
ity. I
n ad
ditio
n, c
omm
unity
invo
lvem
ent
coul
d pr
ovid
e fo
r an
d re
spon
d to
the
need
s fo
rdi
vers
ity a
mon
g th
e re
side
nts
of a
com
mun
ity a
ndw
eave
toge
ther
from
man
v in
stitu
tions
and
inte
r-es
ts a
ric
h in
fras
truc
ture
to s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. (p.
I 16
)
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es c
an a
lso
be e
xpec
ted
to ta
ke o
n a
%ar
iety
of d
iffer
ent f
unct
ions
, bas
ed o
n th
e ne
eds
of th
eir
uniq
ue c
omm
uniti
es. H
owev
er, t
he C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of
Soc
ial P
olic
y (1
991)
sug
gest
s th
at th
ere
are
four
key
func
tions
of a
ny lo
cal g
o\ e
rnan
ce s
truc
ture
: (1)
age
nda
setti
ng a
nd s
trat
-eg
y de
velo
pmen
t aro
und
high
-prio
rity
com
mun
ity p
robl
ems:
(2)
des
elop
ing
new
Ner
s ic
e ca
paci
ties
to m
eet
need
s
mor
e ef
fect
isel
y: (
3) c
oord
inat
ing
fisca
lst
rate
gies
to s
uppo
rtth
e co
mm
tlnity
's s
ers
ice
agen
da: a
nd (
4) m
aint
aini
ng a
ccou
nt-
abili
ty fo
r fa
mily
and
chi
ld o
utco
mes
. An
elab
orat
ion
ofth
ese
func
tions
fOno
sys.
Age
nda
setti
ng a
nd s
trat
egy
deve
lopm
ent.
Thr
ee m
ajor
dif-
lere
nces
dis
tingu
ish
agen
da s
ettin
g by
a lo
cal g
oern
ance
stru
ctur
e fr
om tr
aditi
onal
com
mun
ity p
lann
ing
and
actio
n (s
ee
illus
trat
ion
belo
w )
. Firs
t. th
e lo
cal g
os e
rnan
ce s
truc
ture
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
defi
nes
prob
lem
s in
bro
ad te
rms.
Dec
isio
nmak
ers
focu
s on
cond
ition
s th
at c
reat
e a
prob
lem
for
fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n an
dta
rget
des
ired
out
com
es f
or th
ose
fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
nra
ther
than
for
the
syst
ems
that
ser
ve th
em. T
he p
robl
em(s
) se
lect
edfo
r ac
tion
arc
conc
erns
com
mon
to c
omm
unity
lead
ers
and
resi
dent
s. S
econ
d. g
oals
. pri
oriti
es. a
nd s
trat
egie
s ar
e de
vel-
oped
with
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f co
mm
unity
mem
bers
and
in a
com
preh
ensi
%e
man
ner-
---o
ne th
at -
reac
hes
acro
ss a
genc
y an
dor
gani
zatio
nal b
ound
arie
s an
d de
liber
atel
y in
volv
es m
ultip
les)
ste
ms
of c
are-
(C
SSP.
199
1. p
. 81
in a
ddre
ssin
gth
e pr
ob-
lem
whe
reer
it a
ppea
rs th
roug
hOut
the
entir
e co
mm
unity
. All
agen
cies
and
com
mun
it) o
rgan
izat
ions
are
con
side
red
pote
n-tia
l con
trib
utor
s to
the
solu
tion.
Thi
rd. t
he g
mer
nanc
e st
ruc-
ture
use
s its
infl
uenc
e an
d au
thor
it) to
ens
ure
that
sel
ecte
dst
rate
gies
are
Unp
lem
ente
d. G
oals
and
str
ateg
ies
are
wid
ely
conu
nuni
cate
d am
ong
agen
cies
and
the
publ
ic a
t lar
ge to
build
sha
red
unde
rsta
ndin
g an
d co
mm
itmen
t thr
ough
out t
heco
mm
unit)
. Age
nda
setti
ng is
al t
he h
eart
of
the
pote
ntia
lpo
wer
of
a lo
cal
roN
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e: it
ena
bles
the
com
mu-
nit)
to c
i )n)
t.' to
Thg
reen
lent
i in
poi
blem
s an
d to
cre
ate
mor
eel
lect
ise
met
hods
ot a
chie
ving
des
ired
out
com
es f
or f
amili
esan
d ch
ildre
n th
roug
h im
prm
ed a
nd m
ore
com
preh
ensk
e se
r-ic
e si
rale
y.ie
s- (
CSS
P.
l 99
p. 7
1.
Dev
elop
ing
new
so-
Nic
e ca
paci
tks.
Loc
al g
mer
nanc
e st
ruc-
tines
wor
k to
ma\
inliz
e cu
rren
t ser
\ ice
s an
d s)
stem
s in
orde
rto
k.r
eate
a m
ore
com
preh
ensk
e, f
lesi
ble
s)st
eill
(tt.
Nen
, ice
delis
er
hi a
ccom
plis
h th
is g
oal.
loca
litie
s ar
e fi
ndin
g th
ene
ed lo
t new
pto
cess
es a
nd p
roce
dure
s th
at s
ill e
nabl
e th
eN
stem
to b
ette
r re
spon
d to
the
need
s of
fam
ilies
and
to o
per-
ate
mor
e el
fic
iend
s . l
nasi
nuch
it's
thes
e se
ll ic
eca
paci
ties
need
to c
ut a
cros
s m
ultip
le a
genc
ies
and
serv
ice
prov
ider
s, th
e lo
cal
gove
rnan
ce s
truc
ture
may
be
the
sing
le e
ntity
mos
t cap
able
ofpe
rfor
min
g th
is f
unct
ion.
The
Cen
ter
for
the
Stud
y of
Soc
ial P
olic
y id
entif
ies
two
new
capa
citie
s in
par
ticul
ar a
s em
ergi
ng in
impo
rtan
ce: i
nter
agen
cyca
se m
anag
emen
t and
com
mon
fam
ily a
sses
smen
t.In
tera
genc
y ca
se m
anag
emen
t is
the
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
c-tu
re's
ong
oing
use
of
aggr
egat
ed in
form
atio
n co
llect
ed b
yfa
mily
cas
e m
anag
ers
to id
entif
y cr
itica
l bar
rier
s an
d ga
ps in
the
deliv
ery
syst
em a
nd m
ake
deci
sion
s re
gard
ing
the
appr
o-pr
iate
dir
ectio
n of
res
ourc
es. T
he C
ente
r su
gges
ts th
at c
ase
man
ager
s w
ork
dire
ctly
for
the
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e.T
his
appl
icat
ion
of th
e ca
se m
anag
emen
t mod
el c
reat
es a
mec
hani
sm f
or d
irec
tly li
nkin
g po
licy
to p
ract
ice
at th
e lo
cal
le\ e
l:it
beco
mes
a v
ehic
le f
or s
yste
m c
hang
e as
wel
l as
ser-
\ ice
impr
os e
men
t for
indi
vidu
al f
amili
es.
The
sec
ond
emer
ging
cap
acity
, a c
omm
on f
amily
ass
essm
ent
proc
ess.
is a
tool
use
d by
fam
il) c
ase
man
ager
s an
dag
enci
esto
cre
ate
a si
ngle
poi
nt o
f en
try
for
fam
ilies
into
the
loca
l S s
-te
m o
f se
rvic
es. T
he p
roce
ss m
ay in
clud
e su
ch c
ompo
nent
s as
a co
mm
on in
take
inst
rum
ent,
shar
ed d
ata
base
, and
cro
ss-
agen
cy tr
aini
ng to
ens
ure
cons
iste
nt im
plem
enta
tion.
Com
mon
fam
il\ a
sses
smen
t not
onl
y si
mpl
ifie
s ac
cess
to s
ervi
ces
for
the
fam
ilies
, but
als
o be
nefi
ts th
e va
riou
s se
rvic
e de
liver
ers
byen
hanc
ing
thei
r co
mm
unic
atio
n, in
crea
sing
eff
icie
nc).
and
even
uni
ting
thei
r se
rvic
e de
liver
y ph
iloso
phie
s.
Coo
rdin
atin
g fi
scal
str
ateg
ies.
The
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
c-tu
re m
ust d
evel
op f
isca
l str
ateg
ies
to e
nsur
e th
atav
aila
ble
reso
urce
s ar
e di
rect
ed to
sup
port
its
agen
da.
Stra
tegi
es in
clud
e:
Age
nda
Set
ting
and
Str
ateg
, Dev
elop
men
t
Loc
al G
m e
rnan
ce S
truc
ture
Pla
nnin
g an
d A
ctio
n
',ele
cts
ulni
tam
enis
il pr
oble
ms
ol im
port
ance
to th
eco
mm
una
and
delin
es M
em in
tom
s ot
out
com
es,lu
ldie
n an
d la
mili
es
collo
how
nsel
dei
ses
com
prel
iens
ie s
olut
ions
mat
ins
iii e
appl
opi l
ate
set
ice
sste
nis
Duc
t. tl
enga
ges
agen
c an
d co
mm
una
supp
on a
ndco
mm
itmen
t lot
impl
emen
ting
the
plan
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es t/
Tra
ditio
nal C
omm
unity
Pla
nnin
g an
d A
ctio
n
Ten
ds to
foc
us o
n "a
pre
-esi
stin
g an
d us
uall
smal
l-sc
ale
defi
nitio
n'. (
CSS
I).
p. 8
1 of
a n
arro
slfo
cuse
d pr
ohle
m
ugsc
all s
oah.
ons
,aat
mso
lon
e or
.1
11
1.ti
kso
'ens
Suen
11
1 en
ds to
ict
on °
Mei
ent
ities
to ta
ke it
ctio
n on
the
prop
osed
pla
n.
I 24.
max
imiz
ing
exis
ting
dolla
rs (
e.g.
. coo
rdin
atin
g fi
scal
dec
isio
nsam
ong
diff
eren
t age
ncie
s, p
oolin
g re
sour
ces)
: max
imiz
ing
fed-
eral
ent
itlem
ent f
unds
for
whi
ch th
e co
mm
unity
qua
lifie
s:re
inve
stin
g sa
ving
s ga
ined
thro
ugh
max
imiz
ing
exis
ting
stat
ean
d fe
dera
l fun
ds: a
nd s
eeki
ng a
dditi
onal
fun
ds.
Mai
ntai
ning
acc
ount
abili
ty. T
his
fina
l fun
ctio
n is
the
gove
r-na
nce
stru
ctur
e's
effo
rt to
cre
ate
a fe
edba
ck lo
op v
ia a
pro
cess
of s
elf-
eval
uatio
n. T
he e
ntity
set
s an
d fl
acks
out
com
e m
easu
res
rela
ted
to th
e go
als
set f
or c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
, and
the
sele
ct-
ed in
dica
tors
of
loca
l sys
tem
per
form
ance
. The
pur
pose
is to
hold
the
entir
e, m
ulti-
agen
cy c
omm
unity
ser
vice
sys
tem
acco
unta
ble
by s
yste
mat
ical
ly u
sing
info
rmat
ion
from
per
for-
man
ce tr
acki
ng to
mak
e "o
ngoi
ng a
djus
tmen
ts to
age
ncy
prac
-tic
e. p
olic
y, a
nd f
undi
ng"
(CSS
P, 1
991.
p. 1
5). T
he g
over
nanc
est
ruct
ure
mus
t ens
ure
wid
espr
ead
diss
emin
atio
n of
ass
essm
ent
resu
lts to
(a)
bui
ld c
omm
unity
aw
aren
ess
and
com
mitm
ent t
oso
lsin
g pr
essi
ng lo
cal p
robl
ems:
(h)
cel
ebra
te s
ucce
sses
: and
(c)
enha
nce
the
cred
ibili
ty o
f th
e lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ure
itsel
f. A
s m
ore
tech
nolo
gica
lly s
ophi
stic
ated
dat
a sy
stem
sem
erge
. the
y w
ill e
nabl
e lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
to n
mre
rapi
dl \
and
accu
rate
ly c
hart
and
cor
rect
thei
r co
urse
.
Sta
te S
uppo
rt fo
r Lo
cal G
over
nanc
eSt
ates
are
exp
erim
entin
g w
ith v
ario
us lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruc-
ture
s as
tho
seek
way
s to
enc
oura
ge lo
cal c
ontr
ol o
f he
alth
and
soci
al s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery.
Osb
orne
and
(la
eble
r (1
992)
desc
ribe
d fo
rmer
Sec
reta
ry o
f H
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
Dee
lopm
ent J
ack
Kem
p's
stra
tegi
es f
or h
elpi
ng c
omm
uniti
esm
anag
e th
e tr
ansi
tion
from
pro
fess
iona
lly m
anag
ed p
ublic
hous
ing
to te
nant
man
agem
ent a
nd e
ven
owne
rshi
p of
thei
rdo
elo
pmen
ts. T
he g
oser
nmen
t's r
ole
is n
ot to
"ab
ando
n se
r-%
ices
del
iver
ed b
y. b
urea
ucra
ts a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nals
." h
ut to
"rem
ove
the
harr
iers
to c
omm
unity
con
trol
: enc
oura
ge o
rga-
mie
d co
mm
uniti
es to
take
con
trol
of
serv
ices
: pro
vide
see
dm
oney
, tra
inin
g, a
nd te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e: a
nd m
ove
the
reso
urce
s ne
cess
ary
to d
eal w
ith p
robl
ems
into
the
cont
rol o
fco
mm
unity
org
ani/a
tions
" (O
sbor
ne &
Gae
bler
, 199
2. p
. 711
.M
any
of th
ese
sam
e st
rate
gies
are
bei
ng u
sed
by le
gisl
atur
esan
d go
. orn
ors
offi
ces
thro
ugho
ut th
e U
nite
d St
ates
to in
itiat
e
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f co
mm
unity
cap
acity
for
loca
l gov
erna
nce
of h
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces.
Som
e st
ates
that
are
est
ablis
hing
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
esha
s e
take
n w
hat B
rune
r (1
991)
cal
ls th
eth
ird-g
ener
atio
nap
proa
ch to
pro
mot
ing
colla
bora
tion:
they
are
impl
emen
ting
colla
bora
tives
sta
tew
ide
amon
g m
ultip
le ju
risd
ictio
ns. T
his
appr
oach
nec
essa
rily
incl
udes
thos
e co
mm
uniti
es w
here
"eag
erne
ss I
to a
dopt
col
labo
rativ
e ap
proa
ches
1 do
es n
ot e
xist
and
whe
re o
bsta
cles
to c
olla
bora
tion
are
grea
test
" (p
. 20)
. For
exam
ple.
eac
h H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Reg
ion
in F
lori
da is
crea
ting
a D
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Boa
rd.
Alth
ough
a r
egio
nal s
truc
ture
has
exi
sted
sin
ce 1
975,
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g en
titie
s su
ch a
s th
e di
stri
ct b
oard
s ar
e ne
w, a
nd s
ome
regi
ons
will
nee
d in
ure
enco
urag
emen
t and
ass
ista
nce
from
the
stat
e th
an o
ther
s.
Mos
t sta
tes
are
begi
nnin
g w
ith s
econ
d-ge
nera
tion
dem
onst
ra-
tion
proj
ects
, usi
ng in
cent
i es
and
othe
r "t
op-d
own
stra
tegi
esfo
r su
ppor
ting
botto
m-u
p se
rvic
es"
(Bru
ner,
199
1. p
. 17)
. Thi
sap
proa
ch te
nds
to f
ocus
on
mul
ti-si
te d
emon
stra
tions
or
pilo
tsw
hose
act
iviti
es a
nd o
utco
mes
can
info
rm s
tate
pol
icym
aker
sas
they
atte
mpt
to d
esig
n a
stat
e-w
ide
appr
oach
to r
efor
min
gth
e he
alth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ce s
yste
ms.
The
sta
te p
rovi
des
guid
e-lin
es, t
echn
ical
ass
ista
nce,
fle
xibi
lity,
tim
e, a
nd in
cent
ives
toco
nim
uniti
es th
at g
ener
ally
are
rea
dy' a
nd e
ager
to b
uild
on
afo
unda
tion
of c
omm
unity
inte
rest
or
supp
ort t
hat a
lrea
dy e
xist
s.
The
dem
onst
ratio
n or
pilo
t nat
ure
of s
ome
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es d
oes
not s
ugge
st th
at th
ey a
re v
iew
ed a
s te
mpo
rary
or a
s pe
riph
eral
to th
e re
al b
usin
ess
of im
prov
ing
the
deliv
ery
of h
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces.
Whe
ther
indi
vidu
al lo
cal e
ntiti
esor
mem
bers
of
a ne
w s
tate
wid
e sy
stem
, loc
al g
over
nanc
e st
ruc-
ture
s ar
e ef
fort
s to
ach
ieve
"a
perm
anen
t con
solid
atio
n of
lead
-er
ship
and
dec
isio
n m
akin
g th
at is
nee
ded
with
in lo
cal c
omm
u-ni
ties
to f
ind
bette
r w
ays
of d
eliv
erin
g se
rvic
es to
vul
nera
ble
popu
latio
ns"
(CSS
P. 1
991,
p.
1).
The
y ar
e w
orki
ng w
ith a
dua
lpu
rpos
e: to
impr
ose
the
deliv
ery
of h
ealth
and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
to c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
in th
eir
juri
sdic
tions
, and
to c
ontr
ibut
eto
the
crea
tion
of a
sta
te s
yste
m th
at e
nabl
es a
ll co
mm
uniti
esto
acc
ompl
ish
this
pur
pose
.
3Fi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
er, C
. (19
91, A
pril)
. Thi
nkin
g co
llabo
rativ
ely:
Ten
ques
tions
and
ans
wer
s to
hel
p po
licy
mak
ers
impr
ove
child
ren'
s se
rvic
es. W
ashi
ngto
n. D
.C.:
Edu
catio
n an
dH
uman
Ser
vice
s C
onso
rtiu
m.
ente
r fo
r th
e St
udy
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy.
(19
91, S
epte
mbe
r).
Bui
ldin
g a
com
mun
ity a
gend
a: D
evel
opin
g lo
cal
gove
rnin
g en
titie
s. W
ashi
ngto
n. D
.C.:
Aut
hor.
Cha
skin
. R. J
.. &
Ric
hman
. H. A
. (19
92).
Con
cern
s ab
out s
choo
l-lin
ked
serv
ices
: 1ns
titut
ion-
base
d ve
rsus
com
mun
ity-b
ased
mod
els.
The
Fut
ure
of C
hild
ren:
Sch
ool L
inke
d Se
rvic
es2(
110
7-11
7.
Dut
twei
ler.
P. C
.. &
Mut
chle
r. S
. F. (
1990
). O
rgan
izin
g th
eed
ucat
iona
l sys
tem
l'or
eA
celle
nce:
Har
ness
ing
the
ener
i,,y
of p
eopl
e. A
ustin
. TX
: Sou
th e
stE
duca
tiona
lD
es e
lopm
ent L
abor
ator
..
Ger
r). M
. H..
& C
erto
. N. J
.119
92).
Cur
rent
act
ivity
at t
hefe
dera
l lev
el a
nd th
e ne
ed f
or s
ers
ice
inte
grat
ion.
The
Futu
re o
f ('h
ildre
n: S
choo
l I.in
ked
Serv
ices
2(1
) 11
8-12
6
Nle
la il
le. A
. 1..
& B
lank
. N1.
J. (
1991
. Jan
uar
). W
hat i
t tak
es:
Stru
ctur
ing
inte
rak,
encv
par
tner
ship
s to
con
nect
chi
ldre
nan
d fa
mili
es w
ith c
ompr
ehen
sive
sen
.h.e
s. W
ashi
ngto
n,D
.C.:
Edu
catio
n an
d H
uman
Ser
s ic
es C
onso
rtiu
m.
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es
3 4
Mor
rill,
W. A
. (19
92).
Ove
rvie
w o
f se
rvic
e de
liver
y to
child
ren.
The
Fut
ure
of C
hild
ren:
Sch
ool L
inke
dSe
rvic
es 2
(1)
32-4
3.
Osb
orne
, D..
& G
aebl
er, T
. (19
92).
Rei
nven
ting
gove
rnm
ent:
How
the
entr
epre
neur
ial s
piri
t is
tran
sfor
min
g th
epu
blic
sec
tor.
Rea
ding
, MA
: Add
ison
-Wes
ley
Publ
ishi
ng C
ompa
ny, I
nc.
Polla
rd, J
. (19
90, M
ay).
Sch
ool-
linke
d se
rvic
esso
that
scho
ols
can
educ
ate
and
child
ren
can
lear
n. I
NSI
GH
TS
on E
duca
tiona
l Pol
icy
and
Prac
tice.
Num
ber
20.
Aus
tin.
TX
: Sou
thw
est E
duca
tiona
l Dev
elop
men
t Lab
orat
ory.
Tya
ck, D
. (19
92).
Hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
vice
s in
pub
lic s
choo
ls:
His
tori
cal p
ersp
ectiv
es. T
he F
utur
e of
Chi
ldre
n: S
choo
lL
inke
d Se
rvic
es 2
( I
) 19
-31.
Wei
ssbo
urd.
R. (
1991
). M
akin
g th
e sy
stem
wor
k ,f
or p
oor
child
ren.
Bos
ton:
Har
vard
Uni
vers
ity. J
ohn
F. K
enne
dySc
hool
of
Gov
ernm
ent.
Mal
colm
Wie
ner
Cen
ter
for
Soci
al P
olic
y.
13
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Ark
ansa
s
Ark
ansa
s F
amili
es F
irst
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
:.)15
t) 1
His
tory
In 1
988.
Ark
ansa
s be
gan
wor
king
on
wel
fare
ref
orm
.pa
rtic
ular
ly a
s it
rela
ted
to im
plem
enta
tion
of th
eFa
mily
Sup
port
Act
. Ark
ansa
s al
so w
as o
ne o
f I(
)st
ates
that
par
ticip
ated
in a
Pol
icy
Aca
dem
y sp
on-
sore
d by
the
Cou
ncil
of G
over
nors
' Pol
icy
Ads
isor
s(C
GPA
). th
en c
alle
d th
e C
ounc
il of
Sta
te P
olic
y an
dPl
anni
ng A
geac
ies.
The
Pol
icy
Aca
dem
y pr
os id
edtr
aini
ng in
how
to c
olla
bora
te, d
evel
op b
ette
r co
mm
u-ni
catio
ns, a
nd p
lan
acro
ss a
genc
y an
d di
visi
on li
nes.
Subs
eque
nt to
the
firs
t CG
PA p
lann
ing
sess
ion.
for
-m
er G
oy e
rnor
Hill
Clin
ton
appo
inte
d th
e A
rkan
sas
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il. w
hich
con
sist
ed o
f re
pres
en-
tatis
es
ofN
.ar
iow
, sta
te a
genc
ies.
the
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
s. a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
at l
arge
: The
cou
ncil
dese
lope
d go
als
and
initi
atis
es
rela
ted
to f
amily
sup
-po
rt a
nd b
egan
to lo
ok a
t sta
tes%
ide
prog
ram
s th
atco
uld
help
acc
ompl
ish
thes
e go
als.
prog
i am
that
res
pond
s to
one
of
the
Fam
ilY P
olic
yC
ounc
it's
goal
s is
the
Ark
ansa
s Fa
tuiti
es F
irst
pro
-gr
am. A
ct I
. pas
sed
duri
ng a
spe
cial
legi
slat
ise
ses-
sion
in 1
992,
app
ropr
iate
d M
nds
that
ena
bled
13
com
-m
uniti
es to
eac
h es
tabl
ish
a lo
cal f
amily
pol
ies
team
and
hitt'
a io
n111
11.1
nit \
coo
rdin
ator
io d
es c
lop
and
dire
ct lo
cal e
fior
ts to
....I
A e
fam
ilies
at r
isk.
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1
ff_--
-mav
txir.
aiem
wne
g.w
ast
Ale
ines
omm
vem
eM
issi
on &
Goa
lsT
he F
amily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
esta
blis
hed
a Fa
mili
esFi
rst m
issi
on s
tate
men
t: "A
ll fa
mili
es in
Ark
ansa
s w
illhe
abl
e to
ade
quat
ely
pros
ide
umitu
al s
uppo
rt, c
are.
and
prot
ectio
n fo
r th
e fa
mily
uni
t.- T
he C
ounc
il al
sose
t the
fol
low
ing
fise
goa
ls f
or A
rkan
sas
fam
ilies
:
Goa
l 1: A
ll fa
mily
mem
bers
will
be
NO
of
ahe
alth
car
e sy
sten
l whi
ch p
ros-
ides
for
pre
\ en-
c he
alth
car
e as
wel
l as
need
ed a
cute
car
e.
Goa
l 2: P
aren
ts s
s ill
lim
e ac
cess
to th
e tr
aini
ngan
d su
ppor
t the
y ne
ed to
eff
ectis
ely
set.s
e a
sth
eir
child
's f
irst
teac
her
and
to d
es o
te ti
me
each
day
hel
ping
thei
r ch
ildre
n le
arn.
Goa
l 3: A
ll ad
ult f
amily
mem
bers
will
hav
e th
eop
port
unity
to a
cqui
re th
e kn
owle
dge
and
skill
sne
eded
to a
dapt
to e
mer
ging
new
tech
nolo
gic.
,w
ork
met
hods
, and
mar
kets
.
Goa
l 4: F
amili
es in
Ark
ansa
s ss
ill b
e fr
ee o
fdr
ugs
and
s io
lenc
e.
Goa
l 5: F
amili
es s
s ill
fin
d it
eass
to c
hoos
e an
dob
tain
the
serv
ices
and
ski
lls th
ey n
eed.
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he F
amili
es F
irst
goa
ls h
ave
spec
ific
obj
ectiv
es o
rde
sire
d ou
tcom
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
em, s
ome
ofss
hich
hav
e be
en a
lrea
dy r
ealiz
ed. F
or e
xam
ple.
und
erG
oal I
. the
des
ired
out
com
es a
re "
To
incr
ease
the
num
ber
of f
amili
es c
over
ed b
y pu
blic
or
priv
ate
heal
th in
sura
nce-
and
"T
o en
sure
eve
ry c
hild
has
are
gula
r ph
ysic
ian
or c
linic
.- A
ctio
n by
the
stat
e to
date
has
res
ulte
d in
impr
oved
scr
eeni
ng o
f ch
ildre
nfo
r th
e E
arls
, and
Per
iodi
c Sc
reen
ing
and
Dia
gnos
isan
d T
reat
men
t Pro
gram
(E
PSD
TI
and
Med
icai
d.T
hree
yea
rs a
go. A
rkan
sas
was
onl
y sc
reen
ing
arou
ndof
its
elig
ible
chi
ldre
n: b
y fa
ll 19
92 a
ppio
vi-
mat
ely
60';
of th
ose
elig
ible
wer
e sc
reen
ed. S
uch
prog
ress
has
bee
n du
e to
pol
icie
s an
d in
itiat
ives
des
elop
ed c
olla
bora
tivel
y by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
ealth
and
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s(M
IS).
In o
rder
to m
eet G
oal 5
. the
Gos
erno
r's O
ffic
e de
cide
dto
foc
us o
n in
tera
genc
y c(
iord
inat
ion
by e
ncou
ragi
ngth
e de
s el
(ipm
ent o
f a
new
kin
d of
loca
l str
uctu
re f
orco
mm
unity
pla
nnin
g an
d ac
tion.
Com
mun
ities
wer
ein
s ite
dfo
rm lo
cal p
olic
y te
ams
and
subm
it pr
opos
als
to im
plem
ent l
ocal
Fam
ilies
Fir
st in
itiat
ives
. Ini
tially
.th
e in
tent
ion
was
to f
und
just
two
site
s. H
owev
er, a
S300
,000
app
ropr
iatio
n m
ade
duri
ng th
e 19
92 s
peci
alle
gisl
atis
e se
ssio
n al
low
ed 1
3 co
mm
unity
-bas
ed p
ilot
prog
ram
gra
nts
to b
e aw
arde
d. T
his
sy a
s ki
t kuw
ed b
y an
uncy
pect
ed a
ppro
pria
tion
in 1
993-
94 th
at w
ill a
llow
are
duce
d le
s el
of
fund
ing
for
som
e or
all
of th
e 13
site
s.
3 i)
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Ptr
kans
as
Col
labo
ratio
nO
ne in
tent
ion
of th
e A
rkan
sas
Fam
ilies
Fir
st in
itiat
ive
is f
or th
e G
over
nor's
Off
ice,
thro
ugh
the
Fam
ily P
olic
yC
ounc
il, to
com
bine
eff
orts
with
th'.:
dep
artm
ents
of
Hea
lth, H
uman
Ser
vice
s. E
duca
tion,
and
Em
ploy
men
t Sec
urity
to m
eet s
ome
com
mon
goa
ls (
amon
g th
em, t
he f
ive
Fam
ilies
Fir
stgo
als)
by
the
year
200
0. O
ne e
xam
ple
of c
olla
bo-
ratio
n be
twee
n th
ese
agen
cies
is th
e jo
int e
ffor
t of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Serv
ices
and
the
Dep
artm
ent o
fE
duca
tion
to p
ros
ide
scre
enin
g fo
r an
d ex
pand
EPS
DT
ser
vice
s.
The
sta
te h
as e
nter
ed in
to a
gree
men
ts w
ith in
di-
idua
l sch
ool d
istr
icts
. des
igna
ting
them
as
Med
icai
d pr
o id
ers
s ho
bill
Med
icai
d fo
r se
r-s
ices
ren
dere
d to
elig
ible
chi
ldre
n. A
s a
resu
lt of
thes
e ag
reei
nent
s, th
e st
ate
spen
t zih
out S
4 m
illio
nin
199
1 on
Med
icai
d in
the
publ
ic s
choo
ls.
Sixt
een
dist
rict
s w
ere
part
icip
atin
g in
fal
l 199
2an
d th
e nu
mbe
r is
rap
idly
incr
easi
ng a
s m
ore
supe
rint
ende
nts
reco
gniz
e th
e be
nefi
ts o
f th
isam
mge
men
t. I-
or e
xam
ple.
all
dist
rict
s em
ploy
nuis
es a
nd n
iany
hav
e hi
red
spee
ch th
era-
pist
s an
d ot
her
spec
ializ
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
eet t
heir
ob;ig
atio
ns to
spe
cial
edu
catio
n st
uden
ts u
nder
PI 9
4-14
2. D
istr
icts
ben
efit
froi
n ad
ditio
nal f
und-
ing
fOr
NC
I'sic
es s
uch
as th
ese
that
they
alr
eady
pros
ide.
and
the
stat
e be
nefi
ts f
rom
the
incr
ease
dac
cess
ibili
ty o
l med
ical
\el.\
ices
to c
hild
ren
and
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
legi
slat
ion
that
fun
ded
the
loca
l Fam
ilies
Fir
st in
itiat
ives
dir
ectly
stip
ulat
es th
at th
e gr
ant m
oney
mus
the
used
tohi
re a
loca
l coo
rdin
ator
to c
oord
inat
e st
ate,
loca
l, an
d fe
dera
l pro
gram
s se
rvin
g fa
mili
es a
tri
sk. F
amily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
staf
f he
lp m
eet o
ther
nee
ds o
f lo
cal p
olic
y te
ams
by p
rovi
ding
a tr
aini
ng a
ndte
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e su
ppor
tst
em f
or th
e te
ams
and
thei
r co
ordi
nato
rs. I
n th
e fi
rst y
ear
of th
ein
itiat
ive.
the
Cou
ncil
focu
sed
on e
ncou
ragi
ng a
ndm
ods
atin
g th
e te
ams
and
help
ing
them
dev
elop
thei
r pl
anni
ng a
nd d
ecis
ionm
akiti
g ca
paci
ties.
In
the
seco
nd y
ear.
team
s w
ill n
eed
assi
stan
ce in
bui
ldin
g on
and
exp
andi
ng th
e lo
cal c
olla
bora
tives
they
hav
e cr
eate
d.
In 1
992,
a tw
o an
d on
e-ha
lf d
ay a
cade
my
sim
ilar
to th
e C
GPA
aca
dem
y w
as h
eld
in L
ittle
Roc
k fo
r co
mm
uniti
es th
atw
ere
inte
rest
ed in
app
lyin
g fo
r th
e Fa
mili
es F
irst
gra
nt.
Mem
bers
of
the
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il se
rved
as
coac
hes.
imd
CG
PA s
taff
pro
vide
d co
ordi
natio
n as
sist
ance
. The
goa
l was
to te
ach
colla
bora
tion
skill
s.A
s a
resu
lt of
the
acad
e-in
s . t
rain
ers
and
Cou
ncil
staf
f re
cogn
ized
the
need
to h
elp
com
mun
ities
ove
rcom
e ba
rrie
rs in
cer
tain
are
as in
ord
er to
succ
essf
ully
bui
ld c
olla
bora
tive
rela
tions
hips
. Dif
ficu
lties
incl
uded
: lac
k of
trus
t reg
ardi
ng th
est
ate'
s in
tent
ion
and
com
mitm
ent.
inex
peri
ence
with
iden
tifyi
ng lo
cal p
robl
ems
and
setti
ng p
rior
ities
, and
lack
ofc
omm
unic
atio
n am
ong
orga
niza
tions
and
age
ncie
s (a
nd th
us u
nfam
iliar
ity w
ith e
ach
othe
rs' g
oals
and
act
iviti
es).
Afi
er th
e 13
site
s w
ere
sele
cted
, loc
al p
olic
y te
ams
wer
e co
ns e
ned
sepa
rate
ly in
thei
rco
mm
uniti
es to
dis
cuss
and
refi
ne th
eir
indi
vidu
al p
lans
. Eac
h co
mm
unity
was
vis
ited
thre
e tim
es to
hel
p te
ams
focu
s m
ore
clea
rly
on lo
cal
need
s. id
entif
y w
ays
they
can
cha
nge
and
impr
ove
serv
ices
, and
bui
ld c
omm
unic
atio
nan
d co
llabo
ratio
n sk
ills.
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il st
aff
also
met
with
loca
l sup
ervi
sors
in E
cono
mic
and
Med
ical
Serv
ices
and
oth
er d
ivis
ions
that
hav
e co
unty
off
ices
to c
omm
unic
ate
the
stat
e's
com
mitm
ent t
o su
ppor
ting
the
com
mun
ities
and
to e
ncou
rage
loca
l com
mitm
ent.
Tea
m le
ader
ship
fro
m a
ll 13
com
mun
ities
then
met
sep
arat
ely
in L
ittle
Roc
k w
ithth
e st
ate
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
ilst
aff
to d
iscu
ss th
eir
relin
ed p
lans
, exp
ecte
d ou
tcom
es, a
nd im
plem
enta
tion
stra
tegi
es;
and
to c
ontin
ue to
bui
ld a
rel
a-tio
nshi
p of
mut
ual t
rust
that
will
ena
ble
them
to ta
ke th
e ri
sks
nece
ssar
y to
ach
ieve
thos
e ou
tcom
es.
Fina
lly, t
he s
tate
is u
sing
a n
umbe
r of
str
ateg
ies
to m
otiv
ate
the
loca
l tea
ms
as th
ey w
ork
toco
llabo
rativ
ely
impl
e-m
ent t
heir
pla
ns. R
egio
nal t
echn
ical
ass
ista
nce
wor
ksho
psbr
ough
t a n
umbe
r of
loca
l pol
icy
team
s to
geth
er to
wor
k01
1 co
mm
on is
sues
. Eac
h co
mm
unity
has
bee
npa
ired
with
ano
ther
to f
acili
tate
a c
lose
r ne
twor
king
rel
atio
nshi
p. A
new
slet
ter
crea
ted
an a
s en
ue f
or c
omm
unic
atio
n am
ong
ad s
ites,
as
did
the
diss
emin
atio
n of
pho
ne n
umbe
rs o
f st
ate
Fant
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il m
embe
rs. l
kica
l pol
icy
coun
cil t
eam
lezi
ders
, and
pro
ject
coo
rdin
ator
s.L
ocal
rep
rese
ntat
i es
ofst
ate
agen
cies
als
o m
et to
geth
er to
det
erm
ine
thei
r ro
les
in e
nsur
ing
the
succ
ess
of lo
cal F
amili
es F
irst
pla
ns.
4 i
17
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
At t
he s
tate
leve
l, th
e A
rkan
sas
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il is
com
pose
d of
one
repr
esen
tatk
e fr
om. t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth; t
hree
rep
rese
ntat
is e
s fr
omth
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
(the
Dir
ecto
r's O
ffic
e, E
cono
mic
and
Med
ical
Ser
vice
s, a
nd th
e O
ffic
e of
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es);
the
dire
ctor
of
Em
ploy
men
t Tra
inin
g Se
rvic
es u
nder
the
Em
ploy
men
t Sec
urity
Div
isio
n;th
e A
ssoc
iate
Dir
ecto
r of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
for
Spec
ial
Edu
catio
n (r
epre
sent
ing
gene
ral e
duca
tion)
; and
the
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e.T
hese
are
not
cab
inet
mem
bers
; the
y di
rect
ly r
epre
sent
thei
r ag
enci
es a
ndca
rry
the
auth
ority
to in
itiat
e in
ter-
agen
cy c
olla
bora
tion
as a
res
ult o
f a
spec
ific
Cou
ncil
deci
sion
.
At t
he lo
cal l
evel
, the
inte
ntio
n fr
om th
e be
ginn
ing
was
to m
ake
the
Fam
ilies
Fir
st g
rant
pro
gram
a c
omm
unity
eff
ort,
not a
sta
te g
over
nmen
tef
fort
. It w
as p
rese
nted
as
a pa
rtne
rshi
p be
twee
n th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
exec
utke
bra
nch
in c
oope
ratio
n w
ith th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly.
To
acco
m-
plis
h th
is, a
lette
r an
noun
cing
the
gran
ts w
as s
ent o
ut f
rom
the
Gov
erno
r'sO
ffic
e di
rect
ly to
the
may
ors
offi
ces
thro
ugho
ut th
e st
ate.
Act
I s
tate
s th
atth
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
as
wel
las
app
ropr
iate
loca
l off
icia
ls, m
ust p
artic
ipat
e di
rect
ly in
the
loca
l eff
ort.
By
regu
latio
n, th
e Jo
b T
rain
ing
Part
ners
hip
Act
(JT
PA)
also
mus
t be
part
of th
e lo
cal t
eam
. Thu
s, th
e lo
cal p
olic
y te
am a
t eac
h si
te h
as a
men
ther
from
DH
S. H
ealth
, the
sch
ool d
istr
ict,
and
JTPA
. Rem
aini
ng m
embe
rshi
pis
at t
he d
iscr
etio
n of
the
loca
l tea
m.
Loc
al te
ams
are
com
pose
d pr
imar
ily o
f in
divi
dual
s w
ho w
ere
on th
e or
igi-
nal t
eam
s th
at a
ttend
ed th
e lo
cal P
olic
y A
cade
my
in J
une
1992
and
col
lab-
orat
iely
wro
te th
eir
com
mun
ity p
lan.
Man
y te
ams
are
rapi
dly
expa
ndin
gto
incl
ude
mem
bers
fro
m th
e po
lice
depa
rtm
ent,
fire
dep
artm
ent.
othe
rco
mm
unity
age
ncie
s, a
nd c
ity g
over
nmen
t. So
me
team
s ha
ve th
e m
ayor
or
city
man
ager
as
thei
r te
am le
ader
.
It lo
st te
ams
dem
onst
rate
a q
r(m
g co
mm
itmem
to c
olla
bora
ting
and
inst
ito-
tiona
liiin
g th
eir
loca
l eff
ort.
Stat
e ag
ency
team
mem
bers
now
con
side
rpa
rtic
ipat
ion
on th
e te
am a
s pa
rt o
f th
eir
jobs
. Tea
ms
mee
t reg
ular
ly--
som
e on
ce a
wee
k. o
ther
s tw
ice
a m
onth
. The
y de
mon
stra
te n
ot o
nly
acl
ose
rela
tions
hip
s ith
thei
r lo
cal c
oord
inat
ors
but a
lso
a be
tter
unde
r-st
andi
ng o
f ea
ch o
ther
's o
rgan
i/atio
ns a
nd a
genc
ies.
1 X
4
gelli
NIE
BN
IMIN
NIN
NIM
FD
ecis
ionm
akin
gL
ocal
Fam
ilies
Fir
st p
olic
y te
ams
have
aut
hori
ty o
ver
polic
y re
late
d to
the
team
aad
_ its
activ
ities
: the
team
's o
rgan
izat
iona
l str
uctu
re, i
ts c
omm
unity
pla
n, a
nd s
trat
egie
s to
impl
e-'
men
t the
pla
n. T
he o
nly
deci
sion
s m
ade
by th
e st
ate
have
bee
n th
ose
rela
ted
to d
eter
min
ing
whi
ch s
ites
rece
ive
fund
ing.
Loc
al te
ams
have
the
abili
ty to
infl
uenc
e th
e w
ay s
tate
ser
vice
s ar
e de
liver
ed b
y br
ingi
ngre
ques
ts f
or c
hang
ing
stat
e pr
oces
ses
(e.g
., th
e lo
catio
na
conf
igur
atio
n of
sta
te s
ervi
ces)
dire
ctly
to th
e Fa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil.
If'
a eh
ange
doe
sn't
requ
ire
a w
aive
r. th
Fam
ilyPo
licy
Cou
ncil
can
dire
ct S
tate
em
ploy
ees
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
to m
ake
the
chan
ge. I
f a
wai
ver
is r
equi
red.
the
Cou
ncil
can
faci
litat
e th
e ne
cess
ary
proc
ess.
Gro
undw
ork
has
been
laid
to e
nsur
e th
e gr
eate
st p
ossi
ble
flex
ibili
ty f
or lo
cal t
eam
s in
thei
rre
latio
nshi
ps w
ith f
eder
al a
genc
ies
as w
ell.
Tho
ugh
a m
echa
nism
was
not
est
ablis
hed
in th
eA
ct 1
legi
slat
ion,
the
stat
e Fa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
is c
omm
itted
to e
ncou
ragi
ng th
is ty
pe o
flo
cal d
ecis
ionm
akin
g.
4 3
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re 66
-LIN
east
ecid
gc.-
4-
Acc
ount
abili
tyT
he F
amily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
is e
ngag
ed in
ong
oing
wor
kw
ith lo
cal p
olic
yco
unci
ls. E
ach
com
mun
ity's
pla
n in
clud
es s
peci
fic o
utco
mes
and
esta
blis
hed
timet
able
s fo
r im
plem
enta
tion.
Cou
ncils
rep
ort q
uart
erly
to th
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Fim
mce
Adm
inis
trat
ion
on h
ow th
e gr
ant m
oney
was
spe
nt.
and
a fin
al r
epor
t
is p
rovi
ded
at th
e en
d of
the
fisca
l yea
r.
The
inte
nt o
f the
legi
slat
ion
is to
coo
rdin
ate
serv
ices
,an
d th
e F
amily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil'
s Ll
oal i
s to
ena
ble
loca
l cou
ncils
to e
xper
ienc
e su
cces
sby
iden
tifyi
ngw
hat
doe
sn't
w o
rk, m
akin
g ap
prop
riate
chan
ges.
and
see
ing
impr
ovem
ent a
s a
resu
lt. It
is b
elie
\ ed
that
this
is a
pro
cess
that
w il
l tak
etim
e an
d w
ill r
equi
reco
ntin
ual l
ocal
mon
itorin
g an
d ad
just
men
t of p
lans
. At t
his
time
ther
e ar
e no
pena
lties
for
not a
chie
ving
out
com
es. T
here
may
he
turn
mer
in c
ounc
il m
em-
bers
hip
and
lead
ersh
ip: t
imet
able
s ca
n ch
ange
: (ne
nnm
jor
goal
s an
d ex
pect
ed
outc
omes
are
ope
n to
alte
ratio
n. T
heen
tire
Fam
ilies
Firs
t pro
posa
l has
chan
ged
at a
num
ber
of s
ites.
In m
ost c
ases
. Fam
ilyP
olic
y C
ounc
il st
aff N
iew
such
cha
nges
as
impr
o\ e
men
ts.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
.7"
We
don'
t see
the
coor
dina
tor
asbe
ing
that
vita
l, if
the
team
s ar
em
ade
up o
f the
pro
per
mem
bers
--in
oth
er w
ords
, the
peo
ple
who
deliv
er s
ervi
ces
and
the
peop
lew
ho c
an m
ake
deci
sion
s at
the
loca
l lev
el. W
e an
ticip
ate
that
this
will
hav
e as
sig
Mfic
ant a
n im
pact
as o
ur in
tera
ctio
nhe
re a
t the
stat
e le
vel h
as h
ad w
ith th
e ot
her
agen
cies
. Tha
t has
bee
n a
trem
endo
us im
pact
.l
have
wor
ked
in g
over
nmen
t for
abo
ut24
yea
rs a
nd I'
d sa
y th
at th
ere
has
been
mor
e co
llabo
ratio
n,m
ore
coop
erat
ion,
bet
wee
nth
est
ate
agen
cies
in th
e la
st th
ree
than
I've
see
n at
any
tim
e.
Ken
ny W
hitlo
ckD
irect
orE
cono
mic
and
Med
ical
Ser
vice
sD
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s
---
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsT
he m
ajor
func
tion
of th
e lo
cal F
amili
es F
irst p
olic
y te
amis
to o
vers
ee it
sco
mm
unity
pla
n. E
ach
team
ser
ves
as a
hoa
rd th
at d
irect
sth
e lo
cal p
rogr
am.
Tea
ms
deve
lop
the
coor
dina
tor's
job
desc
riptio
n an
dhi
re th
eir
coor
dina
tor.
Tea
ms
asse
ss c
omm
imity
nee
ds to
iden
tify
serv
ice
gaps
and
dete
rmin
e ho
w
curr
ent s
ervi
ces
cbe
del
iver
ed m
ore
effe
ctiv
ely
(e.g
., ex
pand
ing
agen
cyof
fice
hour
s, c
hang
ing
the
loca
tion
of s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery)
.P
ublic
rel
atio
ns is
am
ajor
func
tion.
par
ticul
arly
to e
duca
te b
usin
esse
s an
dco
mm
unity
org
aniz
a-tio
ns r
egar
ding
loca
l nee
ds a
nd th
eir
role
in m
eetin
g th
ose
need
s.
99
19
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yW
hile
trad
ition
al h
ealth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
are
prov
ided
b th
e lo
cal o
ffic
es o
f st
ate
agen
cies
. loc
al F
amili
es F
irst
team
s ar
e en
cour
aged
to d
evel
op a
nd f
acili
tate
the
prov
i-si
on o
f ne
\A s
ervi
ces
by lo
cal v
olun
teer
s or
exi
stin
g co
m-
mun
ity s
er\ i
ce o
rgan
izat
ions
(e.
g.. t
he R
otar
y. B
igB
roth
er).
A g
reat
dea
l of
impo
rtan
ce is
atta
ched
to th
ese
aven
ues
for
prov
idin
g se
rvic
es a
t the
loca
l lev
elno
t onl
yto
sup
plem
ent c
urre
nt s
er.ic
es b
ut a
lso
to c
reat
e m
ore
per-
sona
lized
, loc
all r
elev
ant s
ervi
ces.
2()
/4 6
Eni
ssan
nam
onw
ariv
oir
Fun
ding
The
$30
0,00
0 sp
ecia
l app
ropr
iatio
n in
199
2 pr
ovid
ed e
ach
Fam
ilies
Fir
st s
ite w
ith a
one
-yea
r gr
ant t
hat p
ri-
mar
ily f
unde
d th
e pr
ogra
m c
oord
inat
or's
pos
ition
. Whe
n th
e m
oney
was
aw
arde
d on
Jul
y 15
. 199
2. a
ll bu
tfo
ur s
ites
rece
ived
$25
,000
: the
oth
er f
our
rece
ived
abo
ut S
18,9
00. T
houg
h co
mm
uniti
es w
ere
assu
red
only
one
year
of
fund
ing.
the
1993
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y ap
prop
riat
ed a
n ad
ditio
nal $
244,
000
for
each
yea
r of
the
next
bie
nniu
m. O
f th
ese
new
mon
ies,
$14
6,00
0 ca
n be
spe
nt in
199
3-94
for
the
Fam
ilies
Fir
st lo
cal i
nitia
-tiv
es. T
hese
fun
ds w
ill b
e di
stri
bute
d am
ong
loca
l site
s, w
ith s
ome
port
ion
dire
cted
to p
rovi
ding
trai
ning
acad
emie
s an
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
all
site
s. T
he o
rigi
nal 1
3 co
mm
uniti
es w
ill b
e as
ked
to s
ubm
ita
sec-
ond
year
pro
posa
l, co
mm
ittin
g to
con
tinue
and
exp
and
the
inte
rage
ncy
colla
bora
tion
they
initi
ated
and
impl
emen
ted
duri
ng th
e fi
rst y
ear.
Dep
endi
ng o
n lo
cal i
nter
est a
nd c
omm
itmen
t, th
e nu
mbe
r of
com
mun
i-tie
s in
volv
ed in
the
proj
ect m
ay c
hang
e.
Dur
ing
the
firs
t yea
r. f
unds
wer
e ad
min
iste
red
thro
ugh
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Fi
nanc
e A
dmin
istr
atio
n in
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion.
Dur
ing
1993
-94,
mon
ies
will
pas
s th
roug
h th
e ge
nera
l edu
catio
n di
visi
on o
f th
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n to
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Lif
e In
stitu
te, a
div
isio
n of
the
Chi
ldre
n's
Hos
pita
l.T
he a
ppro
pria
tion
bill
requ
ires
that
the
Dep
artm
ents
of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Edu
catio
n, a
nd H
ealth
con
tinue
toco
ordi
nate
eff
orts
in a
dmin
iste
ring
the
prog
ram
. The
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il ou
t of
the
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
eal
so m
ay r
emai
n in
volv
ed in
Fam
ilies
Fir
st a
s it
cont
inue
s to
look
at w
ays
of b
ette
r co
ordi
natin
e se
rvic
es to
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
in A
rkan
sas.
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
il st
aff
are
not c
erta
in h
ow lo
cal t
eam
s m
ay u
se th
eir
seco
nd y
ear
fund
ing.
A n
umbe
rof
com
mun
ities
exp
erie
nced
gre
at s
ucce
ss w
ith th
eir
coor
dina
tors
and
had
alr
eady
beg
un to
look
for
way
sto
sup
port
this
pos
ition
bey
ond
the
firs
t yea
r. O
ther
com
mun
ities
may
fin
d th
e po
sitio
n is
not
ess
entia
l to
thci
r pr
ogra
m's
con
tinua
tion.
Cou
ncil
staf
f ho
pe th
at th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a st
rong
loca
l tea
m, a
ccom
plis
h-m
ent o
f so
me
loca
l ser
vice
del
iver
y ch
ange
s. a
nd f
orgi
ng o
f ne
w r
elat
ions
hips
am
ong
agen
cies
will
ena
ble
team
s an
d th
eir
com
mun
ities
ulti
mat
ely
to f
unct
ion
succ
essf
ully
with
out a
coo
rdin
ator
, if
nece
ssar
y.
The
Cou
ncil
and
loca
l tea
ms
cont
inue
to e
xpec
t an
end
to s
tate
sup
port
in th
e fu
ture
and
are
look
ing
atot
her
poss
ible
sou
rces
of
fund
ing.
On
a lo
cal l
evel
. JT
PA a
ppea
rs to
bc
an u
nder
utili
ied
sour
ce o
f fu
nds.
Com
mun
ities
are
bei
ng u
rged
to r
espo
nd to
its
Req
uest
s fo
r Pr
opos
al (
RFP
5) in
divi
dual
ly. L
ocal
bus
ines
ses
arc
anot
her
pote
ntia
l sou
rce
of s
uppo
rt. A
lso,
as
loca
l pol
icy
team
s be
com
e m
ore
fam
iliar
with
the
budg
ets
and
the
goal
s of
loca
l age
ncy
offi
ces,
they
may
fin
d w
ays
to c
ontin
ue f
undi
ng f
or th
e co
ordi
nato
r po
sitio
n.
_fFi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nT
he c
halle
nge
of A
rkan
sas
Fam
ilies
Fir
st is
how
to u
se e
xist
ing
reso
urce
s to
bette
r se
rve
fam
ilies
in c
omm
uniti
es. T
here
is a
n ex
plic
it ef
fort
to a
void
cre
atin
g th
e sa
me
leve
l of
hure
aucr
ac a
lrea
dy s
een
in o
ther
ser
vice
pro
gram
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
Fam
ily P
olic
y C
ounc
ilis
rel
ucta
nt to
est
ablis
h an
ext
ensi
ve r
epor
ting
syst
em th
at r
equi
res
adm
inis
trat
ive
cost
s th
atlo
cal p
olic
y te
ams
cann
ot h
ear.
Thu
s, q
uart
erly
rep
orts
reg
ardi
ng a
ctiv
ities
and
com
mun
ityne
eds
arc
requ
ired
, hut
num
bers
of
case
s se
rved
and
oth
er s
uch
data
are
not
expe
cted
.
4 4
The
y !l
ocal
'mhc
v te
am m
embe
rs!
don'
t qui
tebe
lieve
that
the
abili
ty to
rea
lly c
hang
e th
esy
stem
is in
thei
r ha
nds.
Thi
s is
a u
niqu
e tim
efO
r di
em to
beg
in to
rea
lize
thei
r co
mm
unity
'spo
tent
ial.
By
conn
ectin
g th
e vi
abili
ty a
nd th
ehe
alth
of
thes
e fa
mili
es to
the
viab
ility
and
heal
th o
f th
e co
mm
uniti
es, w
e ha
ve b
een
able
to b
ring
in s
ome
new
pla
yers
f pa
rtic
ular
ly!
the
may
ors
and
city
man
ager
s.A
nn K
arnp
sSp
ecia
l Ass
ista
ntFa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
offi
ce o
f th
e G
ovei
nor
9 9
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es21
4 ct
4 z-
J
Ark
ansa
s Le
arni
ngs
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sLo
cal F
amili
es F
irst i
mpl
emen
tatio
ns a
re a
low
cos
t atte
mpt
to g
et th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
invo
lved
in th
e de
liver
y of
ser
-vi
ces.
As
one
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
staf
f mem
ber
stat
ed. "
The
key
has
to b
e ge
tting
the
com
mun
ity to
acc
ept t
he fa
ct o
fre
spon
sibi
lity,
and
that
thro
ugh
thes
e ki
nds
of s
ervi
ces
our
com
mun
ity w
ill b
e be
tter
off.
The
peo
ple
that
live
in th
eco
mm
unity
mus
t ass
ocia
te th
ese
serv
ices
and
this
etT
hrt w
ith h
ow th
ey a
re g
oing
to h
e be
tter
off t
hem
selv
esno
tI j
ust!
som
ebod
y do
wn
the
stre
et o
r ac
ross
the
trac
ks."
Not
hing
was
legi
slat
ed o
ther
than
the
smal
l am
ount
of s
tart
-up
mon
ey. N
o on
e ha
s be
en to
ld it
is s
omet
hing
they
hav
eto
do:
not
hing
is m
anda
ted.
It is
a p
rogr
am o
f com
mitm
ent,
initi
ated
and
enc
oura
ged
prim
arily
by
the
mem
bers
of t
heP
olic
y C
ounc
il w
ho w
ant t
o pa
ss th
eir
belie
fs o
n to
the
loca
l lev
el. L
ocal
team
s ac
t out
of "
a se
nse
of c
omm
itmen
t to
thei
r co
mm
unity
. the
way
the
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
is c
omm
itted
to th
e st
ate.
"
Fin
ally
, the
str
engt
h of
the
loca
l tea
m is
crit
ical
. Tea
ms
mus
t dea
l with
suc
h is
sues
as
attit
ude
prob
lem
s: r
acia
l and
othe
r ha
rrie
rs: a
nd c
oncr
ete
soci
al, h
ealth
, and
edu
catio
n pr
oble
ms
of th
e co
mm
unity
. In
Ark
ansa
s. -
the
rela
tions
hips
amon
g F
amily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
mem
bers
are
mar
ked
by tr
ust a
nd m
utua
l res
pect
. If w
e ca
n re
crea
te th
at o
n th
e lo
cal
le e
l. th
ere
is n
o pr
ohle
m th
at c
an't
he w
ork,
:d o
ut."
Con
tact
Per
sons
Ann
Kam
p,. S
peci
al A
ssis
tant
Fai
nd)
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
Offi
ce o
f the
Gov
erno
rS
tate
Cap
itol B
uild
ing.
Roo
m 2
(15
Littl
e R
ock.
AR
722
01(5
01)
682-
3615
Ken
n!, W
hitlo
ck. D
irect
orE
cono
mic
and
Med
ical
Ser
Y ic
esD
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
y ic
es11
6 D
onag
hy P
la/a
Sou
thLi
ttle
Roc
k, A
R 7
2201
(501
I 682
-387
5
1
U
Sta
te R
ole
A s
tate
inte
rest
ed in
sup
port
ing
an in
itiat
ive
such
as
Ark
ansa
s F
amili
esF
irst m
ust h
e re
ady
to m
ake
a co
mm
itmen
t to
stat
e an
d lo
cal c
olla
bora
-tio
n. w
hich
is n
ot a
qui
ck o
r ea
sy p
roce
ss. T
he r
ight
peo
plet
hose
who
have
the
abili
ty to
cau
se c
hang
emus
t be
iden
tifie
d an
d co
nven
ed to
talk
abou
t rea
l pro
blem
s in
the
stat
e an
d in
divi
dual
com
mun
ities
, not
just
the
sym
ptom
s of
thes
e pr
oble
ms.
The
n th
ese
peop
le m
ust d
eter
min
e ho
w th
:st
ate
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
and
the
com
mun
ity c
an w
ork
as a
team
"to
iden
tify
thos
e th
ings
that
the
com
mun
ity 'a
gree
s ar
e I
unac
cept
able
. and
dete
rmin
e w
hat t
he c
omm
unity
can
do
to s
top
them
from
hap
peni
ng."
A b
ody
such
as
a st
ate
coun
cil o
r si
mila
r st
ate-
leve
l ent
ity m
ay n
ot b
e ne
c-es
sary
to g
uide
or
supp
ort t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f loc
al g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
uies
.S
ucce
ssfu
l ini
tiativ
es c
an b
e di
rect
ed o
ut o
f one
offi
ce. H
owev
er. m
ore
A o
rk m
ay h
e in
voiv
ed b
ecau
se o
ther
pla
yers
will
nee
d to
he
won
ove
r on
eat
a ti
me.
A c
ounc
il br
ings
them
toge
ther
from
the
begi
nnin
g. A
lso,
aco
unci
l mig
ht b
e le
ss v
ulne
rabl
e to
pol
itica
l cha
nges
than
an
indi
vidu
alof
fice
hold
er o
r ag
ency
hea
d.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s ;7)
Cal
iforn
ia
HE
ALT
HY
ST
AR
T(S
enat
eB
ill 6
20)
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
ML
AB
LE
;-;)3
23
CS
IOC
EM
AY
/MIN
III/E
SP
AIII
ME
NIM
INE
IH
isto
ryIn
the
deca
de p
rece
ding
the
pass
age
of S
enat
e B
ill62
0, th
e H
ealth
y S
tart
Sup
port
Ser
vice
s fo
r C
hild
ren
Act
, the
Ciil
iforn
ia L
egis
latu
re h
ad b
een
cons
ider
ing
appr
oach
es to
impr
ovin
g th
eco
ordi
natio
nof
ser
vice
sfo
r ch
ildre
n an
dfa
mili
es. T
he S
elec
t Com
mitt
ee o
nC
hild
ren
and
You
th s
tudi
ed p
olic
y de
velo
pmen
tst
rate
gies
rel
ated
to c
hild
ren
and
yout
h an
d pr
opos
eda
mim
her
of b
ills.
The
com
mitt
ee w
as s
ucce
ssfu
l in
secu
nne
leg;
slat
ion
that
ref
orm
ed m
any
prog
ram
s an
dpr
osid
ed lo
cal g
oser
nmen
t sith
flex
ibili
ty a
nd in
cen-
(11:
s lt)
coo
rdin
ate
loca
l ser
s ic
es fo
r ch
ildre
n.
1'04
1es
also
wer
e a
prio
rity
of C
alifo
rnia
'sG
oser
nor,
Pet
e W
ilson
. In
1991
, the
Gov
erno
rde
sign
ed a
1(1
-poi
nt in
itiat
ive
in w
hich
. Hea
lthy
Sta
rt\s
its th
e lin
chpi
n. Il
is o
hjec
tis e
ss
as to
use
sch
ools
as
the
loca
l poi
nt to
coo
rdin
ate
sers
ices
to c
hikl
ren.
Dr.
Jane
Ilen
ders
on. t
hen
\\id;
the
sele
ct C
omnn
ttee,
v,a
shr
ough
t in
to d
raft
the
Hea
lthy
Sta
rt in
itiat
ise
inS
enat
e R
ill (
20 a
nd la
ter
was
ask
ed to
impl
emen
t the
prog
ram
. Ile
alth
Sta
rt s
tls s
igne
d in
to la
w.
1))
Goe
inor
Wik
i,n in
199
and
beca
me
effe
ctis
e on
Janu
ars
1. 1
992.
2 I
",.4
*MFY
WE
T40
11;7
24f4
to. .
:47A
14.it
i.Wre
gg.k
4VM
EA
NN
.-1'
igia
Mis
sion
& G
oals
A m
ajor
obj
ectiv
e of
Hea
lthy
Sta
rt is
to p
ros
ide
mor
efle
xihi
lit)
in th
e de
liver
y of
ser
vice
s to
chi
ldre
n an
dfa
mili
es, w
hile
focu
sing
on
prev
entio
n m
ore
than
inte
rent
ion.
The
goa
ls o
f Hea
lthy'
Sta
rt a
re tw
ofol
d:(a
) to
impr
ove
psyc
ho-s
ocia
l. he
alth
, and
edu
catio
nal
,nitc
omes
for
child
ren:
and
(1)
) to
cre
ate
svst
ems
chan
ge in
ord
er to
acc
ompl
ish
the
first
goa
l. T
he p
ri-m
ary
obje
ctiv
eof
the
latte
rgo
al is
to r
esha
pe b
urea
u-cr
acie
s so
that
they
are
mor
e re
spon
sive
to c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. Tog
ethe
r, th
ese
goal
s ac
know
ledg
e th
atif
child
ren
are
to b
e he
lped
, the
ir fa
mili
es m
ust r
ecei
ve\u
ppor
t.
The
Ilea
lthy
Sta
rt p
rogr
am is
targ
eted
at l
ow-in
com
ean
d lim
ited
Eni
ilish
pro
ficie
nt s
tude
nts.
The
mec
ha-
nism
cho
sen
to a
ccom
plis
h pr
ogra
m g
oals
is th
e co
or-
dina
tion
of s
en, i
ces
at o
r ne
ar a
sch
ool s
ite. T
hesc
hool
pro
vide
s a
frie
ndly
and
con
vim
ient
pla
ce fo
rfa
mili
es. I
mpl
emen
ters
in C
alifo
rnia
's s
choo
l-bas
edap
proa
ch a
rc r
equi
red
to e
nsut
e th
at p
aren
ts a
re a
ble
to p
artic
ipat
e an
d th
at s
yste
ms
desi
gned
to p
ros
ide
sers
ice'
, are
cul
tura
lly s
ensi
tive.
Des
ired
Out
com
esO
vera
ll, th
e H
ealth
y S
tart
initi
ativ
e ho
pes
to a
chie
veim
prov
ed p
hysi
cal a
nd m
enta
l hea
lth a
s w
ell a
s be
tter
soci
al a
nd e
duca
tiona
l out
com
es fo
r ch
ildre
n. A
com
-pr
ehen
sive
, out
com
e-ba
sed
eval
uatio
n ha
s be
ende
vise
d th
at ta
kes
into
acc
ount
spe
cific
item
s su
ch a
sre
ferr
als
to th
e ju
stic
e sy
stem
, hea
lth c
are
prov
ider
s,an
d so
cial
ser
vice
s, a
s w
ell a
s va
rious
pov
erty
indi
ca-
tors
rel
ated
to th
e fa
mily
.
('alif
orni
a's
wor
k on
its
eval
uatio
n de
sign
has
rese
aled
the
diffi
cult)
, in
esta
blis
hing
dire
ct li
nkag
esbe
twee
n se
rvic
es p
rovi
ded
and
obse
rved
cha
nges
in a
fam
ily's
circ
umst
ance
s. F
or e
xam
ple,
it is
diff
icul
t to
prov
e a
caus
al r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
the
prov
isio
n of
fam
ily s
uppo
rt s
ervi
ces
in a
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d sc
hool
and
few
er in
stan
ces
of c
hild
abu
se a
mon
g th
e st
uden
ts'
fam
ilies
. One
com
pone
nt o
f the
sta
te's
eva
luat
ion
ofH
ealth
y S
tart
is a
long
itudi
nal s
tudv
that
will
exa
min
esu
ch li
nkag
es (
see
sect
ion,
Acc
ount
abili
ty).
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Hea
lthy.
Sta
rt S
enat
e B
ill 6
20)
Col
labo
ratio
nIn
the
proc
ess
of im
plem
entin
g its
sta
te H
ealth
y St
art p
rogr
am.
Cal
ifor
nia
is a
pot
entia
l col
labo
rato
r w
ith o
ther
stat
es in
ref
orm
ing
the
fede
ral M
edic
aid
syst
em. T
heN
atio
nal A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Sch
ool B
oard
s, in
con
junc
tion
with
the
Am
eric
an M
edic
al A
ssoc
iatio
n, is
tryi
ng to
sup
port
net
wor
king
am
ong
Cal
ifor
nia
and
othe
r st
ates
that
are
crea
ting
com
preh
ensi
ve s
choo
l-ba
sed
serv
ices
(C
SBS
) pr
ogra
ms.
Cal
ifor
nia'
s go
al is
to d
evel
op a
CSB
S pr
ogra
mth
at "
impr
oves
acc
ess
to s
choo
l-ba
sed
heal
th s
ervi
ces
for
Med
i-C
alel
igib
le c
hild
ren,
ass
ists
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
Ser
vice
s in
mee
t-in
g fe
dera
l man
date
s, a
nd is
fin
anci
ally
fea
sibl
e."
Oth
er s
tate
sin
t ol e
d al
so h
ave
crea
ted
a M
edic
aid
scho
ol-b
ased
pro
vide
r ty
peor
are
atte
mpt
ing
to c
reat
e on
e. T
hein
tent
ion
is to
cre
ate
a sy
stem
that
elim
inat
es r
estr
ictiv
e el
igib
ility
req
uire
men
ts. F
or e
xam
ple.
rath
er th
an c
ontin
ue to
pro
s id
e he
alth
ser
vice
s on
a f
ee-f
or-s
ervi
ceba
sis,
an
entir
e sc
hool
or
dist
rict
cou
ld b
e de
clar
ed M
edic
aid
elig
i-bl
e if
7(1
-N0'
; of
the
stud
ent b
ody
mee
ts s
peci
fied
pot
ert
y in
dica
-to
rs. N
etw
orki
ngith
oth
er s
tate
s on
this
issu
e w
ill p
rovi
de u
sefu
lin
fonn
atio
n th
at c
an b
e us
ed to
kib
by f
or h
nrad
er s
yste
m c
hang
eth
at u
ltim
atel
y w
ill r
equi
re f
eder
al a
ppro
t al.
The
Dep
artm
ent
ofH
ealth
Ser
t ice
s in
Cal
ifor
nia
is ta
king
the
lead
in d
et e
lopi
ng th
isne
w M
edic
aid
prot
ider
cat
egor
y
The
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
is a
ttem
ptin
g to
build
ast
rong
pat
tern
of
colla
hora
tion
ith o
ther
sta
te a
genc
ies
that
are
int o
lt ed
in th
e H
ealth
y St
art m
itiat
ite. T
he D
epar
tmen
t has
the
man
date
to a
dmin
iste
r H
ealth
y St
art b
ut d
oes
so b
ased
tin
the
rec-
omm
enda
tion
of th
e Se
cret
ary
of th
e H
ealth
and
Wel
fare
Dep
artm
ent.
tt ho
ot e
rsee
s so
cial
ser
t ice
s. m
enta
l hea
hh. a
ndot
her
heal
th s
ert i
ces
alon
g ft
ith
the
Secr
etar
y of
Chi
ld D
et e
lopm
ent
and
Edu
catio
n.
To
date
. eff
itrts
at i
nter
agen
cy c
olla
bora
tion
hate
bee
n di
ffic
ult
and
tinie
con
suni
ing
hut s
ucee
sslti
l. Si
gnif
ican
t pni
gres
s ha
sbe
en m
ade
in d
e, e
lopi
ng a
n ap
pi o
pnat
e st
ruct
ure
for
mak
ing
polic
y, f
isca
l, an
dpr
ogra
m d
ecis
ions
al t
he s
tate
loci
. APr
inci
pals
' Gro
up h
as b
een
form
ed. i
nclu
ding
the
Stat
e Su
peri
nten
dent
of
Publ
ic I
nstr
uctio
n:th
e Se
cret
aiof
Chi
ld D
e\ e
lopm
ent a
nd E
duca
tion:
the
Secr
etar
yof
the
Hea
lth a
nd W
elta
re D
epar
tmen
t; an
d th
e D
irec
tors
of th
eD
epar
tmen
ts o
f H
ealth
Sep
. ice
s. M
enta
l I le
alth
. Soc
ial S
ervi
ces,
and
Din
gs a
nd A
lcoh
ol: a
s w
ell a
s th
e he
ads
of th
eir
key
depa
rt-
men
tsdi
ntre
prt.'
Will
alls
es,
tipr
it at
e fo
unda
tions
. The
Pri
ncip
als
(inm
p in
eets
on
a m
onth
ly b
asis
. In
addi
tion
to th
ePr
inci
pals
'(
noup
, the
re a
lso
are
wee
kly
stal
l mee
tings
of
top-
lete
l peo
ple
st h
o
repo
t( th
iuec
tlto
,st,I
10 d
ecis
ionm
aker
s.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s I
Z.)
t)
Sta
te F
unct
ions
A s
tate
wid
e in
itiat
ive
such
as
the
Hea
lthy
Star
t pro
gram
req
uire
sco
nsid
eral
de e
ffor
t in
the
area
s of
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
and
eval
uatio
n. A
fie
ld o
ffic
e ha
s be
en e
stab
lishe
d to
ove
rsee
and
coor
dina
teth
ese
func
tions
. The
fie
ld o
ffic
e. o
pera
ted
thro
ugh
an in
tera
genc
y ag
reem
entb
etw
een
the
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
and
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f C
alif
orni
a. D
avis
.is
resp
onsi
ble
for
pro-
vidi
ng te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
loca
l site
s w
ho h
ave
rece
ived
ope
ratio
nal o
rpl
anni
ng g
rant
s. P
re-
gran
t ass
ist:i
nce
to th
ose
who
are
inte
rest
ed in
app
lyin
gis
pro
vide
d th
roug
h th
e R
eque
st f
orPr
opos
al (
RFP
) pn
ices
s an
d st
atew
ide
conf
eren
ces.
The
fie
ld o
ffic
e al
so a
cts
as a
clea
ring
hous
e fo
rin
form
atio
n di
ssem
inat
ion.
Tho
ugh
the
offi
ce is
an
arm
of
the
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion.
it is
allo
wed
fle
xibi
lity
in r
espo
ndin
g qu
ickl
y to
loca
l nee
ds. I
n Fa
ll 19
92th
ere
was
onl
y on
e fi
eld
ofl i
ce. b
ut it
was
ant
icip
ated
that
ano
ther
one
mig
ht o
pen
as th
e pr
ogra
m g
row
s.
The
I le
alth
y St
art i
nitia
tive
was
wri
tten
to m
axim
ize
loca
l abi
lity
to b
ein
nova
tive
and
colla
hora
-tit
e. L
ocal
net
wor
king
is e
mph
asiz
ed a
s m
uch
as p
ossi
ble.
and
thus
addi
tiona
l tec
hnic
al a
ssis
tanc
eis
pro
t idc
d th
roug
h a
regi
onal
net
wor
k of
trai
ners
.
The
sta
te p
ros
ides
ano
ther
type
of
supp
ort t
o lo
cal s
ites
thro
ugh
coun
ty"r
ealig
nmen
t" le
gisl
atio
nth
at w
ent i
nto
effe
ct m
ore
than
a y
ear
ago.
Cou
ntie
s ha
ve 9
0(4
auth
ority
to im
plem
ent h
ealth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
pmgr
ams.
The
rea
lignm
ent l
egis
latio
n pr
ovid
es c
ount
ies
with
fun
ding
thro
ugh
are
dire
ctio
n of
veh
icle
lice
nsin
g fe
es a
nd o
ther
taxi
ng a
utho
rity
. The
real
ignm
ent p
roce
ss a
llow
sco
untie
s to
rec
eive
sta
te m
oney
for
pro
vidi
ng m
anda
ted
heal
th. m
enta
lhe
alth
, and
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
in a
blo
ck g
rant
rat
her
than
as
cate
gori
cal f
unds
. The
legi
slat
ion
also
allo
ws
coun
ties
to tr
ansf
er u
pto
10'
4 of
thei
r fu
nds
from
one
ser
vice
are
a to
ano
ther
(e.
g..s
ocia
l ser
vice
s to
hea
lth s
ervi
ces)
. if
thei
e is
a n
eed.
Thu
s, c
ount
ies
now
hav
e m
ore
flex
ibili
ty a
ndau
thor
ity in
spe
ndin
g pu
blic
fun
dsre
late
d to
ser
vice
pro
visi
on.
Fina
lly. C
alif
orni
a is
for
tuna
te to
hav
e re
sour
ces
and
supp
ort p
rovi
ded
thro
ugh
the
Foun
datio
nC
onso
rtiu
m f
or S
choo
l-L
inke
d Se
rvic
es, a
con
sort
ium
of
twel
ve o
mor
epr
ivat
e fo
unda
tions
in th
e
stat
e w
ho a
re in
tere
sted
in th
e H
ealth
y St
art P
rogr
aman
d ot
her
effo
rts
to f
oste
r co
mpr
ehen
sive
.in
tegr
ated
, sch
ool-
linke
d se
rt ic
es. M
embe
rs o
f th
e Fo
unda
tion
Con
sort
ium
ser
ve o
nth
e Pr
inci
pals
'G
roup
. par
ticip
ate
in s
taff
adv
isor
y gr
oup
mee
tings
, and
ser
ve o
nsu
bcom
mitt
ees
that
dea
l with
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
and
et a
lwiti
on. T
he F
ound
atio
n C
onso
rtiu
tnpr
ovid
es I
tinds
for
tech
nica
l asi
s-ta
nce
to th
e st
ate
as w
ell a
s to
indi
idua
i loc
al s
ites,
and
pro
\ide
s si
gnif
ican
t rev
enue
s to
war
d ho
th
prog
ram
and
site
eva
lual
itm.
15
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
The
Hea
lthy
Sta
rt in
itiat
ive
requ
ires
loca
l pro
gram
s to
be
desi
gned
bas
ed o
n a
clea
r as
sess
-m
ent a
nd u
nder
stan
ding
of l
ocal
nee
ds, t
here
fore
, stip
ulat
ions
con
cern
ing
the
form
atio
n.m
embe
rshi
p, a
nd o
rgan
izat
ion
of lo
cal c
olla
bora
tives
are
min
imal
. Leg
isla
tion
requ
ires
that
the
gran
tee
esta
blis
h a
loca
l col
labo
i aliv
e co
mpo
sed
of r
epre
sent
ativ
es o
f pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
eag
enci
es th
at a
re in
volv
ed in
pro
vidi
ng s
ervi
ces
to c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. Leg
isla
tion
also
requ
ires
pare
nt a
nd te
ache
r pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in th
e co
llabo
rativ
e.
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
The
re a
re v
ery
few
man
date
s re
gard
ing
deci
sion
mak
ing
in th
e H
ealth
y S
tart
legi
slat
ion.
A g
reat
dea
l of f
lexi
bili-
ty is
bui
lt in
to th
is c
ompo
nent
. Hea
lthy
Sta
rt g
rant
ees
have
aut
onom
y re
gard
ing
the
stru
ctur
e of
thei
r pr
ogra
m.
as lo
ng a
s al
l asp
ects
of t
he p
rogr
am a
re fo
cuse
d on
mee
ting
the
need
s of
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mili
es. T
he s
peci
ficpo
pula
tion
to b
e se
rved
als
o is
dec
ided
by
the
gran
tee.
Mem
bers
of t
he c
olla
bora
tive
deci
de w
ho w
ill c
onve
neth
e m
eetin
gs a
nd d
eter
min
e th
e pl
ace
and
time.
Loc
alco
llabo
rativ
es d
evel
op p
olic
y an
d es
tabl
ish
thei
r ow
npl
ans
and
stra
tegi
es fo
r ac
hiev
ing
outc
omes
. The
yde
cide
who
will
mak
e de
cisi
ons
abou
t pro
blem
s th
atar
ise
and
if de
cisi
ons
will
be
mad
e h
cons
ensu
s or
by
ale
ad a
genc
y.
2(1
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
IME
NN
EM
EIP
IMIM
MO
MIN
ME
NO
MM
EN
NIF
Acc
ount
abili
tySe
nate
Bill
620
req
uire
s an
inde
pend
ent,
stat
ewid
e ev
alua
tion
of th
e H
ealth
ySt
art i
nitia
tive.
The
eva
luat
ion,
con
duct
ed b
y SR
I In
tern
atio
nal a
nd f
unde
dby
the
Foun
datio
n C
onso
rtiu
m o
n Sc
hool
-Lin
ked
Serv
ices
, foc
uses
on tw
oar
eas:
(a)
out
com
es (
for
child
ren,
fam
ilies
, ser
vice
pro
vide
rs, a
nd s
choo
ls).
and
(b)
the
syst
ems
chan
ge p
roce
ss.
The
out
com
es c
ompo
nent
of
the
eval
uatio
n is
inte
nded
toca
ptur
e bo
th lo
cal
outc
ome
data
and
agg
rega
te d
ata
acro
ss s
ites
at th
e st
atew
ide
leve
l. D
esig
nw
as
chal
leng
ing
beca
use
outc
ome
mea
sure
s am
ong
loca
l pro
gram
s va
rygr
eatly
. The
pro
gram
is a
K-1
2, s
tate
wid
e in
itiat
ive.
Ind
ivid
ual i
mpl
emen
ta-
tions
are
uni
que
acco
rdin
g to
the
grad
e le
vels
ser
ved
and
thei
r ge
ogra
phic
loca
tion.
Als
o. H
ealth
y St
art f
unds
go
to a
sch
ool d
istr
ict
or c
ount
y of
fice
of
educ
atio
n on
beh
alf
of o
ne o
r m
ore
scho
ols
unde
r th
eir
juri
sdic
tion.
Thu
s,a
prog
ram
may
he
a si
ngle
ele
men
tary
sch
ool o
r a
clus
ter
of th
ree
or f
our.
In
one
area
, up
to 1
1 sc
hool
s ar
e w
orki
ng to
geth
er to
est
ablis
h on
e fa
mily
reso
urce
cen
ter.
Thi
s ev
alua
tion
com
pone
nt in
clud
es a
km
gitu
dina
l stu
dy o
fch
ildre
n an
d th
eir
fam
ilies
that
exa
min
es e
duca
tion,
hea
lth, a
nd s
ocia
lou
t-co
me
mea
sure
s.
Fhe
proc
ess
com
pone
nt o
f th
e ev
alua
tion
is a
qua
litat
ise
stud
y of
the
colla
bo-
ratio
n pr
oces
s as
it d
evel
ops
at b
oth
the
stat
e an
d lo
cal l
evel
s. D
ata
are
col-
lect
ed th
roug
h su
rvey
s an
d in
ters
iew
s to
pro
vide
a de
scri
ptiv
e an
alys
is o
fsy
ste
m c
hang
e ov
er ti
me.
SRI
Inte
rnat
iona
l als
o w
ill c
reat
e a
unif
orm
sta
tew
ide
data
bas
e, a
ssis
t the
Hea
lthy
Star
t ope
ratio
nal s
ites
(now
65
in n
umbe
r) in
eva
luat
ing
thei
r ef
fort
s,an
d pr
os id
e ot
her
assi
stan
ce to
110
site
s th
at h
ave
been
aw
arde
d pl
anni
nggr
ants
. The
fie
ld o
ffic
e at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f C
alif
orni
a. D
avis
. wor
ks c
lose
lyss
ith
SRI
to p
rovi
de te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
site
s in
res
pons
e to
ong
oing
eva
lu-
atio
n re
sults
. SR
I pr
os id
es q
uart
erly
rep
orts
on
each
site
and
on th
e ov
eral
lin
itial
ise.
A r
e'po
rt to
the
Leg
isla
ture
is e
xpec
ted
June
I. 1
994.
'111
1111
1111
MI
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsA
maj
or f
unct
ion
of H
ealth
y St
art c
olla
bo-
rativ
es is
to c
ondu
ct d
need
s as
sess
men
t of
the
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
in th
eir
loca
lity.
Ano
ther
bas
ic f
unct
ion
is to
det
erm
ine
abe
tter
way
to li
nk c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
toth
e se
rvic
es th
ey n
eed
via
the
scho
ol s
ys-
tem
or
a re
ferr
al s
ervi
ce. C
ase
man
agem
ent
and
inte
rage
ncy
colla
bora
tion
are
maj
orst
rate
gies
that
col
labo
rativ
es u
se in
per
-fo
rmin
g th
eir
linki
ng f
unct
ion.
27
L.T
i_JO
TIW
Wie
W;7
:517
MM
ete.
:144
4-*4
:0''',
--W
'
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yT
he ty
pe a
nd m
ode
of s
ervi
ce d
elis
ery
depe
nds
in la
rge
part
on
the
mak
e-up
of
the
Hea
lthy
Star
t pro
gram
and
its c
omm
unity
. Mos
t site
s pr
esei
nly
rece
ivin
g op
erat
iona
l fun
ding
hav
e a
heal
thse
rvic
es c
ompo
nent
.
Man
y al
so h
ave
a st
rong
fam
ilyse
rvic
es c
ompo
nent
. Dep
endi
ng o
n co
mm
unity
need
s, o
ther
are
as o
f se
r4ic
e
deliv
ery
mig
ht in
clud
e: (
a) p
aren
ting
educ
atio
n. (
b) v
ocat
iona
l edu
catio
n t'o
r pa
rent
s, (
c)su
bsta
nce
abus
e
prog
ram
s. (
di h
ousi
ng a
ndem
ploy
men
t ass
ista
nce
for
pare
nts.
(e)
recr
eatio
n. (
1) c
hild
car
e, a
nd (
g) m
enta
l
heal
th s
ervi
ces
for
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
.
Fun
ding
Hea
lthy
Star
t fun
ds a
re p
rovi
ded
thro
ugh
the
Cal
ifor
nia
gene
ral f
und.
with
addi
tiona
l con
trib
utio
ns f
rom
fou
ndat
ions
(par
ticul
arly
the
Foun
datio
n('o
nsor
tium
on
Scho
ol-L
inke
d Se
rN ic
es).
Hea
lthy
Star
t fun
ds r
equi
re a
25
perc
ent l
ocal
mat
ch. T
his
mat
ch m
aybe
in th
e fo
rm o
f ca
sh, s
ervi
ces,
mat
e-ri
als.
sta
ff, f
acili
ties,
or
othe
r re
sour
ces.
Eac
h op
erat
iona
l gra
nt is
lim
ited
to th
ree
year
s.T
hus.
gra
ntee
s ar
e ca
utio
ned
io th
ink
of H
ealth
y. S
tart
fun
ds a
s"g
lue"
mon
e as
opp
osed
to "
new
" m
oney
.T
he g
rant
s ca
nnot
be
cons
ider
ed a
sad
d-on
mon
ies
or a
noth
er p
erm
anen
t cat
-
egor
ical
fun
ding
str
eam
.
The
legi
slat
ion
allo
ws
loca
l col
labo
rativ
es to
use
up
to 5
(Y.f
ot'
the
gran
t
mon
ey to
pur
chas
e se
rvic
es,
whi
ch th
ey c
an d
o th
roug
h se
vera
lm
echa
-
nism
s. I
f th
is o
ptio
n is
cho
sen.
gra
ntee
s m
ust
incl
ude
in th
eir
appl
icat
ion
how
they
will
wea
n th
emse
lves
fro
mth
is s
ourc
e of
mon
ey in
ord
er to
con
-
tinue
the
serv
ices
onc
e th
e H
ealth
ySt
art g
rant
is g
one.
In
gene
ral.
the
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
enco
urag
esgr
ante
es to
thin
k m
ore
crc-
tiel
y ab
out h
ow th
ey c
an u
se f
unds
cur
rent
ly a
aila
ble
and
targ
et th
em
mor
e ef
lect
i ely
to th
e ne
eds
of th
eir
com
mun
ities
.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
TilT
aVaT
AZ
V:F
iliic
ei.4
2f4;
AQ
W.
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nT
he H
ealth
y St
art i
nitia
tive
has
an u
nusu
ally
com
preh
ensi
ve d
ata
colle
ctio
n an
d ex
alu
atio
nco
mpo
nent
(se
e s.
.ctio
n, A
ccou
ntab
ility
). B
oth
quaL
tativ
e an
d qu
antit
ativ
e da
ta a
re c
olle
cted
from
loca
l ope
ratio
nal s
ites.
In
orde
r to
rec
eive
Hea
lth)
Star
t fun
ds, g
rant
ees
mus
t sig
n a
form
of c
omm
itmen
t to
part
icip
ate
in th
e ev
alua
tion
and
data
col
lect
ion
syst
em d
evel
oped
by
SRI
Inte
rnat
iona
l (co
ntra
ctor
to th
e C
alif
orni
aD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n).
Thi
s ca
nnot
he
a co
okie
cut
ter
apm
vaci
t; no
r w
ill it
wor
k y.
it is
driv
enfr
om th
e to
p do
t.ni.
Hea
lthy
Ski
rl re
quire
s th
at e
very
thin
g flo
ws
from
acl
ear
unde
rsta
ndin
g an
d as
sess
men
t of l
ocal
nee
ds. r
he p
oten
tial h
ere
isdr
amat
ic. W
e ar
e lo
okin
g at
the
inst
itutio
naliz
atio
n qr
sys
tem
cha
nge.
Hea
lthy
Sta
rt p
rovi
des
ince
ntiv
e to
str
ateg
ize
abou
t tra
ys to
bet
ter
utili
zere
sold
-yes
cum
atly
ava
ilabl
e.
Dr.
Jan
e H
ende
rson
Ass
ista
nt S
uper
inte
nden
t of
Publ
ic I
nstr
uctio
nC
alif
orni
a D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n 9
9
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es
t.)
29
Con
tact
Per
sons
Dr.
Jan
e H
ende
rson
. Ass
ista
ntSu
peri
nten
dent
of
Publ
ic I
nstr
Uct
ion
Cal
ikw
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
721
Cap
itol M
all.
5th
Floo
rSa
cram
ento
. CA
958
14(
916
) 65
7-35
58
Tam
eron
Mitc
hell.
Act
ing
Dep
utD
irec
tor
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
Ser
k ic
es71
4 P
Stre
etSa
cram
ento
, CA
958
14(9
16)
654-
0514
Dr.
Mar
Wag
ner.
Pro
iect
Dir
ecto
rSR
I In
tern
atio
nal
333
Rac
llsA
ood
Asc
.M
enlo
Par
k, C
A 9
4025
(415
) 85
9 28
67
Lir
AV
AM
MIN
ER
EM
AIN
WA
IMM
INN
SEM
EN
IME
MIN
INE
MS
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sA
uni
que
feat
ure
of H
ealth
y St
art i
s th
at it
is n
ot a
nin
itiat
ive
that
"th
row
s m
oney
" at
the
prob
lem
. The
Hea
lthy
Star
t ini
tiativ
e is
bro
adly
foc
used
on
look
-in
g at
mor
e ef
fect
ive
way
s of
mee
ting
the
need
s of
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
, and
cre
atin
g sy
stem
cha
nge
toac
com
plis
h th
is.
Sta
te R
ole
114L
C,';
fil.,
5=?;
An
impo
rtan
t asp
ect o
f st
ate
supp
ort f
or a
n ef
fort
suc
h as
Cal
ifor
nia'
s H
ealth
y St
art i
nitia
tive
is th
e w
illin
gnes
s ar
il ab
ility
to tb
ster
loca
l col
labo
ratio
n an
d fl
exib
ility
.G
ivin
g gr
ante
es th
eau
thor
ity to
ble
nd f
undi
ng s
trea
rp, a
nd th
en h
old.
ng
them
acco
unta
ble
for
thei
r de
cisi
ons,
is c
ritic
al. P
rovi
ding
tech
nica
las
sist
ance
and
lead
ersh
ip to
hel
p pr
ogra
ms
acco
mpl
ish
thei
r go
als
is a
lso
cruc
ial,
Rei
nfor
cing
loca
l act
ion
with
str
ong
com
mitm
ent
from
the
stat
e le
vel,
part
icul
arly
gub
erna
tori
al le
ader
ship
and
com
mitm
ent,
is s
till a
noth
er im
port
ant f
eatu
re.
The
type
of
com
mitm
ent a
nd tr
ust r
equi
red
by le
ader
s w
asde
mon
stra
ted
in C
alif
orni
a w
hen
an "
agre
emen
t in
prin
cipl
e" w
assi
gned
by
Gov
erno
r W
ilson
. the
Sta
te S
uper
inte
nden
t of
Publ
icIn
stru
ctio
n, a
nd th
e m
embe
rs o
f th
e Fo
unda
tion
Con
sort
ium
on
Scho
ol-L
inke
d Se
rvic
es, T
his
docu
men
t inc
lude
s an
agr
eem
ent
that
the
stat
e w
ill "
purs
ue r
equi
red
fede
ral a
ppro
val a
nd w
aive
rsne
eded
to o
btai
n fe
dera
l fin
anci
al p
artic
ipat
ion
from
Med
icai
dan
d ot
her
prog
ram
s t'o
r st
ate
and
loca
lly f
unde
d sc
hool
-bas
ed,
scho
ol-l
inke
d se
rvic
es."
The
agr
eem
ent a
lso
stat
es th
at if
the
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es (
i.e..
the
scho
ol (
listr
ict g
rant
ees)
beco
me
elig
ible
to h
e M
edic
aid
prov
ider
s, th
ey w
ill h
e en
title
d to
rece
ive
the
asso
ciat
ed f
unds
: the
mon
ey w
ill n
ot g
o to
a s
tate
or
coun
ty g
ener
al f
und
or e
ven
thei
r sc
hool
dis
tric
t's g
ener
alfu
nd.
The
min
ie w
ill b
e lin
ked
to ti
le p
rovi
sion
of
num
' sch
ool-
base
dse
r ic
es to
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mili
es.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und
Col
orad
o
FA
MIL
Y A
ND
CH
ILD
RE
N'S
INIT
IAT
IVE
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
-6
0
EIN
NIM
MIN
F
His
tory
In 1
987.
Col
orad
o's
Goy
ern
or R
oy R
omer
cre
ated
"Firs
t Im
pres
sion
s,-
an in
itiat
ive
focu
sing
on
a ch
ild's
first
live
yea
rs o
f life
. The
cre
atio
n of
this
initi
ativ
ege
nera
ted
awar
enes
s an
d su
ppor
t for
chi
ldre
n's
issu
es(p
artic
ular
ly th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
ear
ly c
hild
hood
) in
Col
orad
o. In
198
9, C
olor
ado
was
one
of t
en s
tate
sse
lect
ed to
par
ticip
ate
in a
Pol
icy
Aca
dem
y on
Fam
ilies
and
Chi
ldre
n at
Ris
k sp
onso
red
by th
eC
ounc
il ol
(lo
yern
ors'
Pol
icy
Adv
isor
s (C
CIP
A I.
Col
orad
o as
sem
bled
a P
olic
y A
cade
my
team
that
incl
uded
offi
ciak
from
sta
te g
oy e
rnm
ent,
loca
l goy
enim
ent.
and
the
pk a
te s
ecto
r. T
he P
olic
y A
cade
my
team
then
spe
nt n
ine
mon
ths
deY
elo
ping
a c
ompr
e-he
nsis
e st
rate
gic
plan
for
fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n at
risk.
AN
a r
esul
t of t
he R
ilicy
Aca
dem
y, (
iose
rnor
Rui
ner
appo
inte
d th
e C
omm
issi
on o
n F
amili
es a
nd C
hild
ren
inO
ctob
er 1
990
to tw
erse
e im
plei
nent
atio
n of
the
stra
te-
gic
plan
. Par
t of t
he p
lan
incl
uded
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
lam
ily C
ente
rs in
eig
ht c
imm
uniti
es a
roun
d th
e st
ate
as 3
ss
a of
pilo
ting
a ne
w fo
rm o
f loc
al s
ell.
Ice
delis
-
cry
. The
Fam
ily C
'ent
er P
roje
ct a
lso
isin
tend
ed to
initi
-at
e m
any
of th
e sy
stem
cha
nges
that
the
Pol
k\ca
dem
Y te
am ti
dies
es
need
to ta
ke p
lace
in o
rder
tom
ake
Col
orad
o a
inur
e "f
amily
frie
ndly
- st
ate.
Mis
sion
& G
oals
The
mis
sion
of t
he F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
!nai
ads
e is
to m
ake
maj
or s
yste
mic
cha
nges
to im
prov
e th
elik
esa
Col
orad
o's
child
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es. T
heIn
itiat
ive'
s vi
sion
is th
at. b
y th
e ye
ar 2
000,
all
chil-
dren
and
fam
ilies
will
be
heal
thy
and
prod
uctiv
e ci
ti-ze
ns. T
he u
nder
lyin
g as
sum
ptio
n of
the
visi
on is
that
the
stat
e "n
eeds
hea
lthy
and
stro
ng fa
mili
es in
ord
er to
he e
cono
mic
ally
iabl
e.-
'De
stat
ed g
oal o
f Col
orad
o's
fam
ily p
olic
y is
"to
sup
-po
rt. s
tren
gthe
n. a
nd p
rom
ote
succ
essf
ul fa
mily
func
-tio
ning
and
to fo
rm s
tron
g pa
rtne
rshi
ps b
etw
een
fam
i-lie
s an
d pr
ivat
e an
d pu
blic
sys
tem
s.-
All
polic
ies
and
prog
ram
s m
ust p
ros
ide
assu
ranc
es th
at th
ey:
reco
gniz
e th
e st
reng
th o
f fam
ily ti
es:
reco
gniz
e th
e di
vers
ity (
if C
olor
ado'
sfa
mili
es:
supp
ort f
amik
sta
bilit
y an
d un
ity (
cohe
-si
on):
supp
ort.
not s
uppl
ant.
lani
tly fu
nctio
ning
:an
d
trea
t fam
ilies
as
part
ners
w h
en p
ros
idin
gse
rvic
es.
.ez
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he v
isio
n pr
esen
ted
in C
olor
ado'
s st
rate
gic
plan
for
fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n id
entit
ies
four
out
com
e ar
eas,
as
follo
ws:
Fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n w
ill h
ave
soci
al.
emot
iona
l, in
telle
ctua
l, m
enta
l, an
d ph
ysi-
cal w
ell-b
eing
to e
nsur
e op
timum
gro
wth
and
deve
lopm
ent
Fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n w
ill li
ve in
a n
urtu
r-in
g. s
tabl
e. a
nd s
afe
envi
ronm
ent w
here
each
indi
vidu
al m
embe
r's n
eeds
are
met
Fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n w
ill h
ave
the
educ
a-tio
nal a
chie
vem
ent,
know
ledg
e. a
nd s
kills
to le
ad p
rodu
ctiv
e an
d sa
tisfy
ing
lives
Fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n w
ill h
ave
empl
oy-
men
t and
inco
me
suffi
cien
t to
mee
t bas
icfa
mily
nee
ds a
nd m
aint
ain
a re
ason
able
qual
ity o
f life
.
Sev
eral
spe
cific
indi
cato
rs fo
r ea
ch o
utco
me
area
wer
ees
tabl
ishe
d an
d ad
opte
d in
Jan
uary
199
1 by
. the
Dec
ade
of th
e C
hild
coa
li!io
n, a
ten-
year
col
labo
ratio
n th
atin
clud
es th
e F
amil.
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Initi
alis
e. T
he in
di-
cato
rs. b
ased
on
data
des
crib
ing
the
stat
us o
f Col
orad
och
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es in
198
9 an
d 19
90, a
re in
tend
ed to
be s
peci
fic m
easu
res
of p
rogr
ess
by th
e ye
ar 2
000
tow
ard
achi
evin
g th
e fo
ur o
utco
mes
.
Fam
ily C
ente
rs a
re e
ncou
rage
d to
focu
s th
eir
effo
rts
with
in th
ese
outc
ome
area
s. In
form
atio
n on
all
mea
sure
sar
e co
llect
ed in
all
Fam
ily C
ente
r co
mm
uniti
es.
How
es e
r, e
ach
Fam
ily C
ente
r al
so m
ust s
tipul
ate
spee
d.-
lc o
utco
me
indi
cato
rs fo
r its
par
ticul
ar p
roje
ct.
The
refo
re, o
utco
mes
diff
er fr
om c
ente
r to
cen
ter
depe
nd-
ing
on th
e ar
ea o
f foc
us a
nd n
eeds
of t
he c
omm
unity
.
t.1F
indi
ng C
omm
on G
roun
d:
71
sum
mum
emar
mm
umm
unos
t.C
olla
bora
tion
Sta
te-le
vel c
olla
boht
ion
is a
hig
h pr
iorit
y in
the
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive,
and
mec
hani
sms
are
in p
lace
to e
nsur
e th
at it
occ
urs.
One
mec
hani
sm is
the
Cab
inet
Cou
ncil,
whi
ch r
epre
sent
s m
embe
rs o
f the
Gov
erno
r's C
abin
et w
hose
dep
artm
ents
dire
ctly
or
indi
-re
ctly
affe
ct fa
mili
es a
nd c
hild
ren.
The
Cab
inet
Cou
ncil
has
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r su
ppor
ting
the
wor
k of
the
Fam
ily C
ente
rs b
y gu
idin
g th
e pr
ojec
t thr
ough
sys
tem
res
truc
turin
g, p
ri-m
arily
by
rem
ovin
g ba
rrie
rs to
sta
te fu
ndin
g an
d se
rvic
e al
loca
tion.
The
Cab
inet
Cou
ncil
is c
ompo
sed
of p
eopl
e w
ho a
re r
espo
nsib
le fo
r im
plem
entin
g sy
stem
cha
nges
and
hav
eth
e au
thor
ity to
red
eplo
y st
ate
reso
urce
s an
d pe
rson
nel.
in a
dditi
on to
gui
ding
the
Fam
ilyC
ente
r pr
ojec
t. th
e C
abin
et C
ounc
il ha
s se
rved
as
the
stee
ring
grou
p fo
r th
e ov
eral
lre
stru
ctur
ing
of h
ealth
and
hun
ian
set-
% ic
es in
Col
orad
o. In
its
wor
k at
the
stat
e le
vel,
the
Cou
ncil
has
dev
elop
ed a
col
labo
rativ
e de
cisi
on-m
akin
g m
odel
whi
ch is
use
d in
res
olvi
ngis
sues
that
111
vol
.% e
two
or m
ore
agen
cies
.
A s
econ
d m
echa
nism
for
colla
bora
tion
is th
e C
ornm
issi
on o
n F
amili
es a
nd C
hild
ren.
As
men
tione
d ea
rlier
, the
Con
unis
sion
was
est
ablis
hed
by G
over
nor
Rom
er in
199
0 to
ove
r-ce
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
stra
tegi
c pl
an d
evel
oped
by
the
Pol
icy
Aca
dem
y te
am. T
heC
omm
issi
on a
dv is
es th
e G
over
nor
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t of p
olic
ies
and
posi
tions
on
fam
i-lie
s an
d ch
ildre
n, a
nd ii
mov
ativ
e a
pplic
atio
ns o
f tho
se p
olic
ies.
Spe
cific
ally
. the
Com
mis
sion
:
.111
1111
.111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1.11
1111
1
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
sta
te's
app
roac
h to
sup
port
ing
the
Fam
ily C
ente
r P
roje
ct o
f the
Fam
ilyan
d C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive
is n
ot to
be
pres
crip
tive
or o
verly
spe
cific
but
rat
her
to p
rovi
de s
ome
guid
ing
prin
cipl
es w
ithin
whi
ch e
ach
indi
vidu
al F
amily
Cen
ter
will
det
erm
ine
its o
wn
plan
of a
ctio
n. T
he r
ole
of th
e st
ate
is to
set
supp
ortiv
e po
licy,
pro
vide
res
ourc
es, d
efin
e ba
sic
serv
ices
, set
sta
ndar
ds,
ensu
re fi
scal
and
pro
gram
mat
ic a
ccou
ntab
ility
, fac
ilita
te lo
cal p
lann
ing,
trai
n1.
ront
line
wor
kers
, and
sup
ervi
se a
nd e
valu
ate
prog
ram
effe
ctiv
enes
s in
the
shor
t and
long
term
.
The
sta
te p
rovi
des
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
and
trai
ning
thro
ugh
the
Fam
ilyC
ente
r C
ounc
il, w
hich
con
sist
s of
rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
eac
h of
the
Fam
ilyC
ente
r si
tes.
The
Cou
ncil
mee
ts o
nce
ever
y tw
o m
onth
s to
eng
age
in tr
aini
ng,
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce,
and
pro
blem
sol
ving
. The
Cou
ncil
also
wor
ks to
iden
tify
stat
e or
fede
ral r
egul
atio
ns th
at a
re h
arrie
rs to
loca
l pro
gres
s. T
he F
amily
Cen
ter
Cou
ncil
then
pro
vide
s th
is in
form
atio
n to
the
Cab
inet
Cou
ncil
so th
atth
e G
over
nor's
Offi
ce c
an s
eek
chan
ges
in s
tate
reg
ulat
ions
or
fede
ral a
ssis
-ta
nce
in r
emov
ing
barr
iers
at t
he fe
dera
l lev
el.
Com
pute
rs h
ave
been
pro
vide
d by
the
stat
e to
the
Fam
ily C
ente
rs, e
nabl
ing
the
Cen
ters
to fo
rm a
net
wor
k an
d ha
ve a
cces
s to
the
sam
e in
form
atio
n sy
stem
.pr
os id
es a
cru
cial
link
lick
s ee
n go
vern
men
t and
the
priv
ate
sect
or;
le\ i
ews
and
Ck
alua
tes
all e
xist
ing
and
prop
osed
sta
te p
olic
ies
on fa
mili
es;
mak
es r
ecom
men
datio
ns a
hout
the
Fam
ily a
nd C
hikk
en's
Initi
ativ
e ag
enda
and
bud
get:
and
part
icip
ates
in r
egio
nal f
orum
s to
gat
her
inpu
t for
the
stra
tegi
c pl
an lO
r fa
mili
es a
nd c
hild
ren
and
to d
ev c
lop
a br
oad
base
of p
ublic
sup
port
for
the
Initi
ativ
e.
As
part
ot i
ts c
harg
e, th
e C
omm
issi
on a
d is
es th
e G
over
nor
on th
e de
velo
pmen
t and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
Fam
ily C
ente
rs. T
he m
embe
rs o
f the
Com
mis
sion
are
bip
artis
an a
nd a
ppoi
nted
by
the
Gov
erno
r. T
hey
repr
esen
t sta
te le
gisl
ator
s. lo
cal g
over
nmen
t, ch
ild a
nd fa
mily
adv
ocac
y gr
oups
. ser
-IC
C p
l'O\ i
ders
. the
priv
ate
ect
iw, a
nd fa
mili
es th
at r
ecei
ve s
erv
ices
from
one
or
mor
e (,
f the
sys
tem
s se
rvin
g ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es. I
nad
ditio
n, th
edi
rect
ors
of s
e en
d st
ate
agen
cies
(D
epar
tmen
ts o
f Soc
ial S
ervi
ces.
Inst
ifutio
ns. H
ealth
, and
Edu
catio
n: G
over
nor's
Job
Tra
inin
g O
ffice
; Offi
ce o
f Sta
teP
lann
ing
and
Bud
getin
g; a
nd th
e C
olor
ado
Com
mis
sion
on
Hig
her
Edu
catio
n) a
re m
embe
rs o
f the
Com
mis
sion
.
A th
ird m
echa
nism
tor
colla
bora
tion
is a
n ea
rl ch
ildho
od "
Sta
te E
ffort
s T
eam
,- e
stab
lishe
d in
199
1 fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
incr
easi
ng c
omm
unic
atio
n an
dbu
r kl
ing
linka
ges
hetw
cen
sta
te h
ealth
and
hum
an s
erv
ices
age
ncie
s. T
he g
roup
incl
udes
rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
the
Col
orad
o D
epar
tmen
ts o
f Edu
catio
n.S
ocia
l Sas
ices
. Ile
alth
, and
Nle
ntal
Hea
lth: t
he G
ov e
rnor
's O
ffice
; and
tile
Offi
ce o
f Sta
te P
lann
ing
and
Bud
getin
g. In
fall
1992
. the
Sta
te E
ffort
sT
eam
Is lo
des
clo
p .1
form
al p
nrpo
sal.
to b
e in
corp
orat
ed in
to G
oVer
nor
Rim
ier's
res
truc
turin
g pl
an. t
hat f
iicus
ed o
n ea
rly c
hild
hood
eflO
rts
--pa
rtic
ular
lyth
e (
olor
ado
Pi e
scho
id p
rote
ct (
a st
ate
fund
ed p
resc
hool
pro
gram
for
high
-ris
k fo
ur-y
ear-
okl c
hild
ren)
and
the
Fam
ily C
ente
r pr
ojec
t.
rral
l.C
olon
ado
was
aw
ard
ed a
I le
ad S
tart
Col
labo
ratio
n gr
ant i
n fa
ll 19
92 th
at h
as a
llow
ed th
e st
ate
to b
egin
wor
king
with
the
fede
rally
-fun
ded
llead
1.11
1 pw
rimns
iii c
olor
ddo.
I le
ad S
tar'
\sits
exp
ecte
d to
he
incl
uded
in e
ffort
s of
the
Fam
ilyan
d C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s33
ISS
EM
OIN
ER
N
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
Fam
ily C
ente
r gr
ants
wer
e fi
rst a
war
ded
in J
une
1992
. Mos
tof
the
Fam
ily C
ente
rs a
re u
sing
an
exis
ting
non-
prof
it or
publ
ic a
genc
y as
the
lead
age
ncy
that
take
s fi
scal
res
pons
ibil-
ity f
or th
e Fa
mily
Cen
ter
gran
t fro
m th
e st
ate.
How
ever
, sev
-er
al C
ente
rs p
lan
to b
ecom
e in
depe
nden
t, pr
ivat
e, n
on-p
rofi
tor
gani
zatio
ns.
Gen
eral
ly, e
ach
Cen
ter
is g
over
ned
by a
n ex
ecut
ive
boar
d or
advi
sory
cou
ncil,
but
var
iatio
ns e
xist
am
ong
the
Fam
ilyC
ente
rs. F
or e
xam
ple,
one
Cen
ter
has
both
ent
ities
. The
Adv
isor
y C
ounc
il in
clud
es h
igh-
leve
l loc
al d
ecis
ionm
ak'e
rsan
d po
licym
aker
s w
ho m
eet q
uart
erly
and
ove
rsee
the
Cen
ter's
ope
ratio
ns; t
he E
xecu
tive
Boa
rd h
as a
larg
e re
pre-
sent
atio
n of
par
ents
. you
th, a
nd c
omm
unity
mem
bers
. The
Boa
rd m
eets
mon
thly
, has
sub
com
mitt
ees,
and
ove
rsee
s da
y-to
-day
ope
ratio
ns.
In a
noth
er s
ite, t
he C
ente
r ha
s a
coun
cil o
f 12
par
ents
and
II
agen
cy r
epre
sent
ativ
es, w
ith th
e sc
hool
as
the
fisc
al a
gent
. In
a th
ird
case
. the
Cen
ter
has
an a
dvis
ory
boar
d, a
you
th b
oard
,an
d a
pare
nts'
boa
rd.
Fina
lly. o
ne c
omm
unitN
vie
ws
the
Fam
ily C
ente
r as
a m
em-
bers
hip
orga
niza
tion
whe
re e
very
per
son
who
use
s th
e('e
nter
can
bec
ome
a m
embe
r. I
n fa
ll 19
92, t
his
Cen
ter
was
expl
orin
g th
e fe
asib
ility
of
havi
ng m
ultip
le s
ites.
Eac
h si
tew
ould
hav
e a
stee
ring
com
mitt
ee c
ompr
ised
of
mem
bers
of
the
orga
niza
tion
(pri
mar
ily p
aren
ts b
ut a
lso
agen
cy a
nd c
om-
mun
ity r
epre
sent
ativ
es).
Par
t of
the
stee
ring
com
mitt
ee's
resp
onsi
bilit
y w
ould
be
to c
oord
inat
e in
put f
rom
the
mem
-be
rshi
p an
d de
velo
p ac
tis it
ies
in r
espo
nse
to th
at in
put.
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
The
cou
ncil
or b
oard
of
each
Fam
ily C
ente
r es
tabl
ishe
s C
ente
r po
licy
and
has
deci
sion
-m
akin
g au
thor
ity in
a n
umbe
r of
are
as: a
sses
sing
con
sum
er n
eeds
, pla
nnin
g fo
r an
d im
ple-
men
ting
dire
ct s
ervi
ces,
coo
rdin
atin
g an
d in
tegr
atin
g se
rvic
es w
ith o
ther
age
ncie
s, a
ndes
alu
atin
g ou
tcom
es.
Reg
ardl
ess
of th
e fo
rm th
e C
ente
r ta
kes
(i.e
., pu
blic
. pri
vate
, or
mem
bers
hip
orga
niza
tion)
.m
ost c
ounc
ils o
r bo
ards
hir
e a
form
al c
oord
inat
or f
or th
e Fa
mily
Cen
ter
or h
ave
a li_
adst
aff
pers
on a
ssum
e re
spon
sibi
lity
for
cert
ain
deci
sion
s.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
pare
isse
mni
mem
emen
ewer
ms
Acc
ount
abili
tyF
amily
Cen
ters
are
hel
d ac
coun
t-ab
le th
roug
h qu
arte
rly r
epor
ts.
site
kits
, and
par
ticip
atio
n in
mee
tings
of t
he jo
int F
amily
Cen
ter
Cou
ncil.
Fun
ds a
re p
ro-
ided
in tw
o in
stal
lmen
ts. I
fco
mm
uniti
es a
re n
ot p
rovi
ding
serv
ices
sat
isfa
ctor
ily, f
unds
are
with
held
unt
il co
rrec
tions
are
11,1
"d ,e
' A;ta
te"id
e ea
luat
ion
ofta
e ,:a
mil,
y C
ente
r pr
ojec
t was
inth
e pl
anni
ng s
tage
s in
fall
1992
.
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsF
amily
Cen
ters
are
to s
erve
as
com
preh
ensi
ve. i
ntea
sive
, int
egra
ted,
and
com
mun
ity-
base
d ce
nter
s lo
cate
d in
or
near
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d sc
hool
s. T
he ta
rget
pop
ulat
ion
is a
ll fa
mi-
lies
and
child
ren
w h
o liv
e in
"co
mm
uniti
es a
t ris
k- (
i.e..
thos
e co
mm
uniti
es w
ith a
hig
hin
cide
nce
of p
over
ty, u
nem
ploy
ed o
r w
orki
ng p
oor.
sub
stan
ce a
buse
, crim
e, s
choo
ldr
opou
ts. t
een
preg
nanc
y. a
nd te
en p
aren
ts).
Thu
s, a
ll fa
mili
es w
ithin
the
com
mun
ity m
ayha
ve a
cces
s to
the
Fam
ily C
ente
r re
gard
less
of i
ncom
e st
atus
or
need
.
One
func
tion
of th
e C
ente
rs is
to p
rovi
de a
sin
gle
poin
t of e
ntry
into
the
heal
th a
nd h
uman
serN
ices
sys
tem
for
fam
ilies
. Whe
n a
fam
ily e
nter
s th
e F
amily
Cen
ter.
a fa
mily
adv
ocat
ew
orks
in p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith th
em to
ass
ess
and
deve
lop
a pl
an fo
r m
eetin
g th
eir
goal
s an
dne
eds.
Cor
e pr
ogra
ms
are
mad
e av
aila
ble
to a
ll fa
mili
es a
nd c
hild
ren.
Som
e fa
mili
es a
lso
are
elig
ible
for
finan
cial
ass
ista
nce
thro
ugh
the
Cen
ter.
Ano
ther
Cen
ter
func
tion,
ther
efor
e.is
to d
eter
min
e el
igib
ility
for
such
sup
port
. Ide
ally
. afte
r as
sess
ing
a fa
mily
's n
eeds
and
dete
rmin
ing
elig
ibili
ty fo
r pr
ogra
ms
and
othe
r su
ppor
t, th
e fa
mily
adv
ocat
e w
ill b
e ab
le to
com
mit
the
reso
urce
s ne
cess
ary
to fu
lfill
the
fam
ily's
pla
n. U
ltim
atel
y. it
is e
xpec
ted
that
the
com
mitm
ent o
f res
ourc
es ir
on th
e fe
dera
l, st
ate,
and
loca
l lev
els
(e.g
.. ex
istin
g go
v-er
nmen
t fun
ds, l
ocal
foun
datio
n su
ppor
t, bu
sine
ss s
uppo
rt)
will
he
rede
ploy
ed a
t the
Fam
ily C
ente
r le
vel.
Ano
ther
impo
rtan
t fun
ctio
n of
the
Fam
ily C
ente
r is
to o
lThr
dire
ctly
a r
ange
of p
rogr
ams
and
serv
ices
on
site
or
near
by (
see
sect
ion.
Ser
vice
Del
iver
y).
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s35
tican
umw
maw
imas
sion
msa
mem
onsi
mm
ism
arso
rmar
eS
ervi
ce D
eliv
ery
Fam
ily C
'ent
ers
are
envi
sion
ed a
s pi
lots
fov
a ne
w fo
rm o
f ser
vice
del
iver
y in
Col
orad
o.
Som
e of
the
maj
or fe
atur
es o
f the
des
ign
incl
ude:
A s
ingl
e ca
se m
anag
er fo
r ea
ch fa
mily
A s
ingl
e in
take
or
appl
icat
ion
form
A fo
rm o
f pra
ctic
e th
at e
ngag
es c
rare
nts
and
fam
ilies
as
equa
l par
tner
sin
man
agin
g se
rvic
es fo
r th
e fa
mily
.
Alth
ough
info
rmat
ion
and
refe
rral
arc
maj
or fu
nctio
ns o
f the
Cen
ters
, the
irgo
al is
to g
obe
yond
this
to in
tegr
ate
all c
ore
serv
ices
. Fam
ily C
ente
rs a
re in
tend
ed to
impl
emen
t a'-'
one-
stop
sho
ppin
g- m
odel
that
coo
rdin
ates
mul
tiple
,erv
ices
loca
ted
on s
ite o
r ne
arby
.E
ach
Fam
ily C
'ent
er s
elec
ts c
ore
serv
ices
to h
e of
fere
d on
site
and
est
ablis
hes
linka
ges
ith p
ros
ider
s of
oth
er s
ers
ices
in th
e ar
ea. F
amily
Cen
ters
are
ask
ed to
pla
n fo
r th
efo
l-lo
w in
g se
rs ic
es: (
a) e
arly
chi
ldho
od c
are
and
educ
atio
n. (
b) b
efor
e- a
ndaf
ter-
scho
ol c
are
(or
scho
ol-a
ge c
hild
ren.
(c)
men
tal h
ealth
, (dI
dru
g an
d al
coho
lpr
even
tion
and/
or tr
eat-
men
t. (e
) de
linqu
enc
prev
entio
n. (
f) s
ers
ices
to in
fant
san
d to
ddle
rs w
ith s
peci
al n
eeds
,an
d (g
) m
ater
nal a
nd c
hild
hea
lth c
are.
The
fam
ily A
voca
te r
ole
i, ke
y to
the
succ
essf
ul p
rovi
sion
of s
ervi
ces
atth
e F
amily
Cen
ters
. 'H
ie r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s of
the
fam
ily a
dvoc
ate
incl
ude:
Kno
win
g w
hen
and
how
to c
btai
n sp
ecia
liied
ass
ista
nce
for
the
fam
ily
Ins
ols
inn
fam
ily m
embe
rsas
sess
ing
thei
r ne
eds
and
in d
efin
ing
a pl
an
for
impr
oxem
ent
Has
img
auth
ority
to c
omnU
t res
ourL
es o
n th
e fa
mily
's b
ehal
f
Fol
low
ing
up w
eth
the
fam
ily r
o en
sure
that
they
do
not g
et -
lost
"be
twee
n
sers
ice
prov
ider
s.
(Olo
rado
's fa
mily
adv
ocat
es ty
pic
alls
are
'Tot
mer
sta
ff fr
om h
uman
ser
vice
are
asw
ho h
ase
been
re-
trai
ned
in fa
mily
-fo
cusa
l. sy
stem
ic a
nd p
reve
ntiv
e se
rvic
est
rate
gies
.- S
taff
dese
l-op
ulen
t inc
lude
s cr
oss-
trai
ning
in "
ii'd
prog
ram
s th
at c
an s
uppo
rtfa
mili
es to
ens
ure
that
sta
ffha
s e
broa
der
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
to p
ronu
ne fa
mily
sta
bilit
y an
dse
lf-su
ffici
ency
.- T
hene
cess
ary
know
ledg
e ba
se fo
r ad
..oca
tes
incl
udes
chi
ld a
nd fa
mily
des
elo
pmen
t, pa
rent
need
s, a
nd s
,,,te
in c
olla
bora
tion.
--w
hWA
tE/E
itiN
VF
undi
ngS
elec
ted
Fam
ily C
ente
r co
mm
uniti
es r
ecei
ve a
six
-mon
th p
lann
ing
gran
tfo
llow
ed b
y ei
ther
a o
ne-
or tw
o-ye
ar im
plem
enta
tion
gran
t (de
pend
ing
onth
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
ness
of t
heir
final
pla
n). I
mpl
emen
tatio
n gr
ants
are
one
-tim
e, s
tart
-up
fund
s in
tend
ed to
hel
p co
mm
uniti
es d
evel
op c
ombi
ned
fund
-in
g st
ream
s an
d en
able
thei
r C
ente
rs to
bec
ome
self-
supp
ortin
g.
Mon
ies
for
both
the
plan
ning
and
impl
emen
tatio
n gr
ants
are
poo
led
fund
sfr
om c
orpo
rate
con
trib
utor
s; p
rivat
e fo
unda
tions
; the
Col
orad
o D
epar
tmen
tsof
Edu
catio
n. S
ocia
l Ser
vice
s, a
nd H
ealth
; the
Gov
erno
r's J
ob T
rain
ing
Offi
ce; C
omm
uniti
es fo
r a
Dru
g-F
ree
Col
orad
o; a
nd th
e C
olor
ado
Div
isio
nof
Crim
inal
Jus
tice.
The
fund
s co
ntrib
uted
by
the
stat
e ag
enci
es a
re fe
dera
lfu
nds
from
the
U.S
. Dep
artm
ents
of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Jus
tice,
Edu
catio
n. a
nd L
abor
. Com
mun
ities
als
o po
ol lo
cally
ava
ilabl
e fu
ndin
g to
help
fina
nce
the
Cen
ter.
A c
omm
unity
-bas
ed p
rogr
am c
alle
d "t
he C
ente
r- in
Lea
dvill
e. C
olor
ado,
first
use
d th
e st
rate
gy o
f poo
ling
fund
ing
stre
ams
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
and
now
is a
mod
el o
f how
suc
h a
fund
ing
syst
em c
an o
pera
te. "
The
Cen
ter-
beg
anin
198
8 w
hen
a co
mm
unity
chi
ld c
are
cent
er w
as c
reat
ed in
res
pons
e to
an
incr
ease
in c
hild
neg
lect
and
abu
se r
epor
tsth
e re
sult
of fa
mili
es tr
avel
ing
long
dis
tanc
es to
ava
ilabl
e w
ork
and
leav
ing
child
ren
unsu
perv
ised
. As
dif-
fere
nt lo
cal,
stat
e. a
nd fe
dera
l fun
ding
str
eam
s w
ere
tapp
ed. t
he C
ente
r ca
me
to o
ffer
othe
r se
rvic
es a
s w
ell.
Tod
ay, f
undi
ng c
omes
from
suc
h so
urce
s as
the
loca
l sch
ool d
istr
ict.
Hea
d S
tart
, P.L
. 99-
457
Par
t H m
onie
s fo
r in
fant
san
d to
ddle
rs w
ith s
peci
al n
eeds
, and
the
Col
orad
o P
resc
hool
pro
ject
.C
omm
uniti
es in
volv
ed in
the
Fam
ily C
'ent
er p
roje
ct a
ttend
info
rmat
ion
ses-
sion
s on
ble
nded
fund
ing
and
crea
tive
finan
cing
str
ateg
ies.
and
the
Lead
ville
C'e
nter
mod
el is
sha
red
as o
ne w
ay th
at a
com
mun
ity m
ight
take
this
fund
ing
appr
oach
.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nE
ach
Fam
ily C
ente
r co
llect
s de
mog
raph
ic a
nd c
lient
info
rmat
ion.
Cen
ters
als
o ar
ere
spon
si-
ble
for
colle
ctin
g da
ta a
bout
the
clie
nt a
nd p
rogr
am o
utco
mes
thei
r co
mm
uniti
esha
ve c
ho-
sen.
Ali
Cen
ters
use
a c
omm
on F
amily
Fun
ctio
ning
Inst
rum
ent a
nd S
yste
m C
hang
eIn
stru
men
t. D
ocum
enta
tion
is c
olle
cted
on
the
impl
emen
tatio
n pr
oces
s th
roug
h qu
arte
rlyre
port
s an
d si
te v
isits
.
In fa
ll 19
92. t
he s
tate
wid
e im
plem
enta
tion
plan
incl
uded
the
hirin
g of
an
inde
pend
ent e
val-
uato
r to
exa
min
e m
eral
l out
com
es fo
r th
e F
amily
Cen
ter
proj
ect
and
dete
rmin
e th
e be
nefit
s
of th
is t
pe o
f ser
s ic
e de
lis e
ry s
ste
in.
Dat
a an
d e\
alua
tion
info
rmat
ion
will
he
shar
ed w
ith
thos
e co
mim
miti
esw
ho in
itiat
e F
amily
Cen
ters
in th
e fu
ture
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
We
are
tryi
ng to
get
aw
ayfr
om h
avin
g a
lot o
f ca
te-
gori
cal p
rogr
ams
with
thei
rO
wn
"pot
s" o
ffun
ds a
nd a
reat
tem
ptin
g to
look
at t
lu,
broa
der
issu
es. W
e ha
ven'
tbe
en a
ble
to c
aptu
re it
ybr-
mat
ion
on f
amili
es. l
et a
lone
trea
t tlw
in to
geth
er a
nd lo
okat
tlw
m a
s a
unit.
If
we
trul
yw
ant t
o su
ppor
t fam
ilies
, we
have
to s
tart
off
erin
g w
hat
they
nee
d. W
e ha
ve to
take
off
our
blin
ders
abo
ut w
hat
we
thin
k fi
nnili
es n
eed.
and
oile
r w
hat i
t is
that
fam
ilies
real
ly d
o ne
ed.
Cla
udia
Zun
del
Fam
ily C
ente
r C
oord
inat
orO
ffice
of t
he G
over
nor
9 9
37
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sC
olor
ado
is tr
ying
to b
uild
hea
lthy
fam
i-lie
s in
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
, int
egra
ted
way
thro
ugh
its F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Initi
ativ
e. T
o do
this
the
stat
e is
"st
retc
h-in
g" th
e ca
tego
rical
bou
ndar
ies
(i.e.
. rul
esan
d re
gula
tions
) th
at a
re c
urre
ntly
inpl
ace-
--pu
shin
g th
em o
uRs
ard
to s
ee h
owlo
cal c
omm
uniti
es c
an o
pera
te s
s ith
in th
es
stem
. Ulti
mat
ely,
the
Initi
ativ
e in
tend
sto
[nos
e to
war
d a
syst
em w
here
man
y of
thos
e ru
les
and
boun
darie
s ar
e lif
ted
soth
at lo
calit
ies
have
max
imum
flex
ibili
tyan
d ea
ch C
olor
ado
fam
il ca
n he
trea
ted
as a
ss
hole
.
Col
orad
o al
so w
ants
fam
ilies
to n
ot o
nlre
ccis
e th
e se
rvic
es th
at th
ev n
eed
hut
also
lim
e a
soic
e in
how
ser
s ic
es a
rede
hser
ed (
e.g.
. S a
par
ticip
atio
n on
loca
lF
anul
) C
ente
r ad
s is
ory
hoar
ds).
Con
t-xt
Per
son
Cla
udia
Fam
il C
ente
r'o
ordm
ator
1%. 1
9th
Ave
nue.
Sui
te 1
00D
en\ c
r. C
O 8
020
( ;U
lf 89
-I-2
75()
Sta
te R
ole
A s
tate
inte
rest
ed in
sup
port
ing
the
deve
lopm
ent a
nd m
aint
enan
ce o
f loc
al g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
suc
h as
thos
e in
Col
orad
o's
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s In
itiat
ive
need
s to
take
tim
e to
bui
ld g
ood
wor
king
rel
atio
nshi
psbe
twee
n st
ate
and
loca
l ent
ities
. Fur
ther
, the
sta
te n
eeds
to e
ncou
rage
wid
espr
ead
publ
ic s
uppo
rt fo
r th
e in
i-tia
tis e
. Thi
s pr
oces
s he
lps
alle
viat
e tu
rf is
sues
as
wel
l as
crea
tes
a fo
unda
tion
for
inst
itutio
naliz
ing
chan
ges
in th
e he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
syst
em.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
have
mec
hani
sms
at th
e st
ate
leve
l to
gath
er in
form
atio
n fr
om th
e co
mm
unity
leve
l.Im
port
ant i
nfor
mat
ion
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
ofte
n ne
ver
reac
hes
deci
sion
mak
ers
at h
ighe
r le
vels
. Hav
ing
a co
m-
mitm
ent t
o on
goin
g in
form
atio
n ex
chan
ge a
t bot
h le
vels
stat
e go
vern
men
t and
the
com
mun
ity p
rovi
des
the
mec
hani
sm fo
r fe
edba
ck th
at c
an e
ffect
cha
nge.
Fin
all),
the
qual
ity o
f pla
nnin
g at
bot
h th
e st
ate
leve
l and
com
mun
ity le
vel i
s cr
itica
l. R
athe
r th
an le
apin
gin
to th
e F
amil
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Initi
ativ
e, m
uch
time
first
was
spe
nt in
thin
king
it th
roug
h an
d ge
tting
the
supp
ort o
f all
the
play
ers.
The
atti
tude
in C
olor
ado
has
alw
ays
been
that
this
el f
ort i
s a
part
ners
hip.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Flor
ida
DIS
TR
ICT
HE
ALT
H A
ND
HU
MA
N S
ER
VIC
ES
BO
AR
DS
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal 5
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
30
His
tory
In 1
990,
one
of
Go\
ern
or L
awto
n C
hile
s' p
rior
ities
as
agu
bern
ator
ial c
andi
date
was
to e
stab
lish
mor
e co
mm
unity
-ba
sed,
loca
lly-c
ontr
olle
d he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
pro-
gram
s in
the
stat
e of
Flo
rida
. Pri
or to
his
inau
gura
tion
in19
91. h
e ap
poin
ted
the
Inte
rim
Tas
k .F
orce
on
Soci
alSe
r.\ i
ces
to g
athe
r in
form
atio
n an
d m
ake
reco
mm
enda
tions
rega
rdin
g: t,
unm
et h
uman
nee
ds in
the
stat
e, a
nd (
h) th
eor
gani
/atio
n an
d de
liver
y of
hea
lth a
nd h
uman
ser
vice
s.A
fter
the
firs
t tas
k fo
rce,
oth
er m
ajor
act
k iti
es a
nd p
rod-
ucts
fol
low
edin
clud
ing
the
Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
ti \ e
Ser\
ices
(II
RS)
Pro
duct
ivity
Enh
ance
men
t Ini
tiativ
e. th
eFr
eder
ick
( 'o
mm
issi
on. t
he I
IRS
Stra
tegi
c Pl
an, a
nd S
enat
e13
111
(513
) 23
06. T
wen
ty in
teri
m p
lann
ing
grou
ps U
PGsi
.es
tabl
ishe
d hy
SI3
230
6 an
d co
nsis
ting
of in
divi
dual
s re
p-le
sent
ing
the
stat
e's
cons
titue
nts,
hel
d pu
blic
hea
ring
sth
ioug
hout
the
stat
e. O
ne r
ecom
men
datio
n fr
om th
e 11
3Gs
w a
s to
est
ablis
h a
loca
l str
uctu
re f
or th
e go
vern
ance
of'
heal
th a
nd h
uman
ser
\ 'cc
s th
at w
ould
he.
to th
e gr
eate
ste
\tent
pos
sibl
e. -
ow n
ed a
nd o
pera
ted
by lo
cal c
itiie
ns."
Bob
Will
iam
s, S
ecre
tary
of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
and
W(.
..hab
ilita
tke
Ser\
ices
, de\
elo
ped
a 19
92 le
gisl
atke
pac
k-ag
e re
spon
ding
to id
eas
gene
rate
d la
rgel
y by
the
IPG
s.
The
iesu
lung
legi
slat
ion.
Hou
se B
ill (
1113
) 23
79. t
he I
leal
than
d R
ehah
ilita
tke
Ser\
ices
Reo
rgan
i/atio
n A
ct o
f 19
92.
inod
it re
d th
e de
paitm
ent's
org
aniz
atio
nal s
truc
ture
and
I un
ctio
ns\ t
iro\
ing
plan
ning
. bud
get.
and
som
e pe
rson
nel
deci
sion
s to
dis
ht c
iti/e
ns' h
oard
s ca
lled
heal
th a
ndhu
man
sen
ices
boa
rds.
Sin
ce 1
975,
the
stat
e ha
d be
entli
\ id
ed,in
to 1
1 re
gion
s th
at f
unct
ione
d as
hea
lth a
ndhu
man
ser
\ ice
s di
stri
cts
Beg
inni
ng v
ith
this
has
ic r
egio
n-al
str
uctu
re, 1
1B 2
379
crea
ted
15 d
istr
icts
. eac
h co
nsis
tmf!
ol o
ne to
II
coun
ties.
Fou
r di
stri
cts
are
dk id
ed in
t()
two
suhd
istr
icts
eac
h, a
nd a
ll di
stri
cts
esce
pt o
ne h
a\ e
a s
ingl
ehe
alth
and
hum
an ',
crs
ices
hoa
rd. T
he e
scep
tion-
dist
rka
I1
is m
ade
up o
f tw
o e
\trem
ely
di \
erse
cou
ntie
s. D
ade
Cou
nt \
and
Mon
roe
Cou
nt \
ithe
Flor
ida
Ke
\ st.
In th
isca
se, e
at h
tow
n \ h
as -
its ti
ssli
boai
d T
he tw
o su
bdis
nict
s,ho
w e
\ei.
ate
iequ
iled
to d
e\ c
lop
dist
rict
nee
ds a
sses
sw
ents
and
ieso
ince
i ec
omm
enda
tions
toge
ther
.
+
Mis
sion
& G
oals
Hou
se B
ill 2
379
artic
ulat
es th
e m
issi
on o
f th
e D
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Boa
rds
in it
ssi
x-po
int r
atio
nale
for
reo
rgan
izin
g th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tive
Serv
ices
and
the
stat
ewid
e se
rvic
e de
liver
y sy
stem
. One
poi
nt s
tate
s "t
here
is a
nee
d to
cre
ate
a go
vern
ance
mod
elw
hich
allo
ws
for
a tr
ue p
artn
ersh
ip b
etw
een
the
stat
e an
d lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es a
nd p
rovi
des
for
sub-
stan
tial l
ocal
dec
isio
nmak
ing
rega
rdin
g ne
eds
and
reso
urce
s w
ithin
bro
ad s
tate
wid
e po
licie
s."
Dis
tric
t boa
rds
esta
blis
h th
eir
own
byla
ws
to r
efle
ct u
niqu
e lo
cal p
hilo
soph
ies
or g
uidi
ng p
rinc
i-pl
es. G
ener
ally
. HB
237
9 en
cour
ages
indi
vidu
ality
of
boar
d ac
tivity
with
in b
road
pol
icy
obje
c-O
s es
and
the
inte
nt o
f th
e le
gisl
atio
n. E
ach
boar
d is
req
uire
d to
wor
k jo
intly
with
its
resp
ectk
edi
stri
ct a
dmin
istr
ator
a st
ate
empl
oyee
who
is r
espo
nsib
le f
or a
ll H
RS
serv
ice
activ
ities
in th
edi
stri
ct's
geo
grap
hic
area
.
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
hree
type
s of
out
com
es a
rc a
ddre
ssed
by
Flor
ida'
s D
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Boa
rds.
Fir
st. t
he o
utco
mes
rel
ated
to H
RS
ser-
\ ice
s ge
nera
lly r
emai
n ta
rget
s fo
r al
l dis
tric
t boa
rds.
The
sta
te d
efiw
ssu
ch s
ervi
ces
as a
set
of
core
ser
vice
s, a
nd s
ets
a fl
oor
of s
er\ i
cede
lis e
ry b
elow
\\ h
ich
dist
rict
s ca
nnot
fal
l. Se
cond
. hoa
rds
will
be
aske
d to
wor
k w
ith th
e st
ate
on A
nne
stat
ewid
e go
als
and
prio
ritie
sth
at m
ay r
equi
re a
dditi
onal
ser
vice
s or
dif
fere
nt m
odes
of
ser\
ice
deliv
ery.
Fin
ally
. an
annu
al a
gree
men
t bet
wee
n ea
ch h
oard
and
the
Secr
etar
y. o
f H
RS
spec
ifie
s cl
ient
out
com
es a
nd p
erfo
rman
ce m
ea-
sure
s th
at r
espo
nd to
uni
que
neen
s an
d go
als
i(le
ntih
ed b
y th
e di
s-tr
ict (
see
sect
ion.
Acc
ount
abili
ty).
The
se a
gree
men
ts w
ill r
efle
cthi
cal d
iscr
etio
n in
det
erm
inin
g pr
iori
ties,
goa
ls. a
nd s
ell,
ice
arra
nge-
men
ts to
mee
t the
se g
oals
.
The
ulti
mat
e ou
tcon
re o
f es
tabl
ishi
ng d
istr
ict h
ealth
and
hum
an s
er-
\ ice
s bo
ards
in F
lori
da is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a
mor
e ef
fici
ent a
ndef
fect
ise
set's
ice
delk
ery
syst
em. a
s lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es f
ind
crea
tke
\\ ay
s to
org
ani/e
and
man
age
ser\
ices
that
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f th
eir
resi
dent
s. T
ire
hoar
ds a
nd I
1RS
mus
t pro
\ ide
stat
us r
epor
t to
the
Leg
isla
ture
in 1
994
on th
e ne
w s
yste
m a
nd th
e bo
ard
mec
hani
sm.
The
rep
ort w
ill i
nclu
de r
ecom
men
datio
ns r
egar
dii-
q, s
uch
issu
es a
sdi
stri
ct b
oard
irith
ority
and
app
ropr
iatio
ns.
10Fi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
Dis
tric
t Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
sB
oar
Col
labo
ratio
nM
e or
gani
zatio
n of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tive
Ser
vice
s is
con
duci
ve to
colla
bora
tion
at th
e st
ate
leve
l.H
RS
is a
n al
l-enc
ompa
ssin
g um
brel
la a
genc
y th
at in
clud
es a
ging
and
adu
lt se
rvic
es;
child
ren'
s m
edic
al s
ervi
ces;
hea
lth:
Med
icai
d: c
hild
sup
port
enf
orce
men
t; al
coho
l, dr
ug a
buse
, and
men
tal h
ealth
; dev
elop
men
tal
serv
ices
; eco
nom
ic s
ervi
ces;
and
child
ren,
you
th. f
amil
y. a
nd d
elin
quen
cy s
ers
ices
.
At t
he d
istr
ict l
evel
. HB
237
9 re
quire
s co
llabo
ratio
n in
two
way
s. F
irst,
the
proc
ess
fig s
elec
ting
boar
d m
embe
rs b
rings
peop
le w
ithar
ious
loca
l per
spec
tives
toge
ther
aro
und
a co
llabo
rativ
e m
issi
on. L
egis
latio
n re
quire
sth
at a
Nom
inee
Qua
lific
atiim
s R
es ie
w C
omm
ittee
he
crea
ted
in e
ach
dist
rict t
hrou
gh a
ppoi
ntm
ents
by
the
Gov
erno
r, th
e ho
ard
of c
ount
yco
mm
issi
oner
s, th
e di
stric
t sch
ool b
oard
, the
chi
ef ju
dge
of th
e ci
rcui
t cou
rt, a
nd a
dditi
onal
sele
ctio
ns b
y th
e ap
poin
ted
mem
bers
them
selv
es. T
he c
omm
ittee
rev
iew
s a
ll ap
plic
atio
ns fo
r m
embe
rshi
p to
the
dist
rict b
oard
and
mak
es r
ecom
men
-da
tions
for
appo
intm
ent,
taki
ng in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
who
mig
ht b
est r
epre
sent
thei
rco
mm
uniti
es' p
ersp
ectiv
es. S
econ
d. d
is-
tric
t boa
rd to
embe
rshi
p its
elf i
s to
incl
ude
repr
esen
tativ
es fr
om a
ran
ge o
f loc
al s
take
hold
er g
roup
sw
ho w
ill n
eed
to m
ake
deci
sion
s co
llabo
rativ
ely
in o
rder
to c
reat
e an
d im
plem
ent d
istr
ict p
lans
.
13v
virt
ue o
r m
embe
rshi
p on
a d
istr
ict h
ealth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
boar
d, b
oard
mem
bers
not
only
mak
e de
cisi
ons
colla
bora
-
to e
ly b
ut a
lso
influ
ence
dec
isio
ns m
ade
hy th
eir
resp
ectiv
ede
part
men
ts. o
rgan
izat
ions
. or
syst
uns
rega
rdin
g po
tent
ial
inte
rage
ncy
colla
bora
tions
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Sta
te F
unct
ions
Sta
te-le
vel f
unct
ions
and
act
is it
ies
focu
s on
fulfi
lling
Flo
rida'
s st
atut
ory
com
mitm
ent
(H13
237
9) to
reo
rgan
ize
the
way
heal
th a
nd h
uman
ser
s ic
es a
re a
dmin
iste
red
and
prov
ided
acr
oss
the
stat
e. O
ne v
ehic
lefo
r in
stitu
tiona
lizin
g th
is c
omm
it-m
ent i
s th
e S
tate
w id
e H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
er.\
ices
Boa
rd. w
hich
is c
ompo
sed
of th
e ch
airs
of t
he d
istr
ict b
oard
s or
thei
rde
sign
ees.
The
boa
rd m
eets
at l
east
twic
e a
year
. and
its
func
tion
is to
ads
ise
the
Sec
reta
ryol
' IIR
S a
nd m
ake
reco
mm
en-
datio
ns r
egar
ding
sta
te a
ctio
n to
war
d im
pros
ing
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s an
d ef
tici
ency
of lo
cal s
ers
ice
deliv
ery.
1113
237
9 re
quire
s 1I
RS
to p
ros
ide
som
e ad
min
istr
ativ
e re
lief t
o di
stric
t boa
rds
byes
tabl
ishi
ng fi
ve r
egio
nal p
roce
ssin
g
cent
eis
to h
andl
e th
ree
func
tions
pre
y io
usly
per
form
ed b
yea
ch d
istr
ict:
pay
roll/
leav
e an
d at
tend
ance
, fin
ance
and
,icco
untin
g. a
nd p
urch
asin
g. P
roce
ssin
g fu
nctio
ns a
re b
eing
tran
sfer
red
to th
e ce
nter
s. "
to fr
eedi
stric
ts o
f rou
tine
pape
r-
wor
k an
d al
kiss
them
to lo
cus
naire
inte
nd o
n se
rvic
e de
liver
y .''
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
resp
onsi
hilit
ies
in th
ese
area
s re
mai
n at
the
loca
l les
el.l
he fi
rst c
ente
r w
as o
pera
tiona
l by
the
end
of F
ebru
ary
1993
.
'the
stat
e al
so p
ros
ides
sta
ffing
aad
oth
er s
uppo
rt d
irect
ly to
eac
h di
stric
t boa
rd.
Dis
tric
t adm
inis
trat
ors,
app
oint
ed b
y th
e
Sec
ieta
ry o
f I IR
S. t
y pi
cally
are
wel
l-qua
lifie
d pr
ofes
sion
als
with
est
ensi
s e
soci
alse
rvic
e or
pub
lic h
ealth
bac
kgro
unds
.A
dmin
istr
ator
s se
rve
as e
s-of
ficio
. non
-vot
ing
mem
bers
of t
heir
dist
rict b
oard
s. A
dditi
onal
staf
f sup
port
for
the
boar
ds is
pros
ided
. alth
ough
in 1
992
it w
as a
gree
d am
ong
the
Legi
slat
ure.
Gov
erno
r C
hile
s, a
nd F
IRS
that
suc
h st
affin
g w
ould
he
acco
mpl
ishe
d ss
ithi
n es
istin
g ze
ourc
e,..
Rei
mbu
Nem
ent i
s pr
o\ id
ed to
dis
tric
t boa
rdm
embe
rs fo
r co
sts
asso
ciat
ed w
ithat
tend
ing
mee
tings
. inc
ludi
ng tr
avel
cos
ts, c
hild
car
e, a
nd o
ther
sup
port
s ne
cess
aly
toen
able
con
sum
ers
and
othe
r ci
tizen
s
Itpa
itici
lmte
. Alte
r al
l app
oint
men
ts h
ave
been
mad
e. !I
RS
giv
es e
ach
hoar
d a
two-
day
orie
ntat
ion
;Ind
trai
ning
to e
nabl
e
mem
bers
to lu
ll ill
then
. res
pons
ibili
ties.
Fin
ally
. tec
hnic
al a
ssis
tanc
e. h
isto
rical
ly p
rosi
ded
by I
IRS
to d
isui
cts,
con
tinue
s
to b
e of
tere
d re
gard
ing
such
nee
ds a
s re
sour
ce a
cqui
sitio
n.w
aive
rs o
f sta
te o
r fe
dera
l pol
icy,
and
prt
igra
mm
atic
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g. S
tate
leve
l I IR
S te
ams
bega
n a
serie
s of
thre
e te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
eis
its to
eac
h di
stric
t in
late
spr
ing
1993
.
mor
amm
umw
switm
atim
mw
soti
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
Hou
se B
ill 2
379
prov
ides
det
aile
d di
rect
ion
rega
rdin
g th
e m
embe
rshi
p of
Dis
tric
t Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s B
oard
s. L
egis
latio
n sp
ecifi
es th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
mem
bers
for
each
dis
tric
t boa
rd, t
he n
um-
ber
on e
ach
boar
d to
be
appo
inte
d by
the
Gov
erno
r an
d th
ose
to b
e ap
poin
ted
by th
e bo
ard
of c
ount
yco
mm
issi
oner
s in
eac
h m
embe
r co
unty
, elig
ibili
ty c
riter
ia, d
iver
sity
of m
embe
rshi
p, te
rms,
and
oth
ersu
ch r
equi
rem
ents
. As
disc
usse
d ab
ove,
the
legi
slat
ion
also
is e
xplic
it re
gard
ing
the
form
and
func
-tio
n of
dis
tric
t nom
iace
qua
lific
atio
ns r
evie
w.c
omm
ittee
s.
Dis
tric
t hoa
rds
are
com
pose
d of
rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
loca
l sch
ool b
oard
s, th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
and
bus
i-ne
ss c
omm
unity
. the
hea
lth c
are
and
med
ical
sys
tem
. jud
icia
ry a
nd la
w e
nfor
cem
ent,
and
cons
umer
s(i.
e., s
ers
ice
reci
pien
ts a
nd/o
r th
eir
fam
ily m
embe
rs).
Eac
hco
unty
in th
e di
stric
t is
repr
esen
ted
on th
e bo
ard.
Boa
rds
also
has
e th
e ab
ility
to in
crea
se th
eir
mem
bers
hip
to m
eet t
heir
dis-
tric
ts' u
niqu
e ne
eds
for
repr
esen
tatio
n.
Bs
the
end
of F
ebru
ary
1993
, ris
e H
ealth
and
Hai
nan
serv
ices
Boa
rds
had
com
plet
e m
embe
rshi
ps a
nd w
ere
lega
lly c
onst
itute
dto
beg
in b
usin
ess.
Afte
r th
e in
itial
form
atio
n of
a d
istr
ict b
oard
and
esta
blis
hmen
t of b
ylaw
s. th
e bo
ard
has
disc
retio
n ov
er it
sst
ruct
ure
and
orga
niza
tion
-.ev
en to
the
degr
ee o
f dec
idin
g to
chan
ge fr
om a
dis
tric
t hoa
rd to
sub
dist
rict h
oard
s, o
r vi
ce s
ersa
."if
in th
e ju
dgm
ent o
f the
boa
rd, s
uch
chan
ge is
nec
essa
ry to
adeq
uate
ly r
epre
sent
the
dive
rsity
of t
he p
opul
atio
n w
ithin
the
dist
rict o
r su
bdis
tric
t.-
Boa
rds
also
can
app
oint
sta
ndin
g co
mm
ittee
s th
at in
clud
e m
em-
bers
of t
hese
san
h. c
onst
ituen
cies
. Sta
mlin
g co
mm
ittee
s ar
e no
tne
cess
arily
cou
nty
-bas
ed b
ut r
athe
r ar
e pr
ogra
mm
atic
or
func
-tio
nal g
roup
s de
alin
g w
ith
issu
es (
e.g.
. hou
sing
) th
at c
ut a
cros
sal
l cou
ntie
s an
d al
l pop
ulat
ions
in th
e di
stric
t. In
add
ition
.ho
ards
has
e th
e op
tion
of a
ppoi
ntin
g ad
hoc
ads
isor
y
The
dis
tric
t adm
inis
trat
or is
gra
nted
the
auth
ority
of a
nA
ssis
tant
Sec
reta
ry b
y 11
B 2
379.
The
adm
inis
trat
iir h
as e
ssen
-tia
lly th
e sa
me
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
as in
the
past
for
dire
ctin
g an
dco
ordi
natin
g1
IRS
ser
s ic
es in
the
dist
rict,
hut t
he a
utho
rit y
. to
esta
blis
h po
licie
s an
d pr
oced
ures
and
to d
es c
lop
an a
nnua
l bud
-ge
t leq
uest
is n
ow s
hare
d w
ith
the
dist
rict h
oard
.
',
F77"
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
Hou
se B
ill 2
379
stat
es th
at "
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d ac
coun
tabi
lity
for
loca
l hum
an s
ervi
ces
plan
ning
res
tsw
ith th
e he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
boar
ds.-
At p
rese
nt. t
he b
oard
s do
not
l'un
ctio
n as
inde
pend
ent
entit
ies.
The
y re
pres
ent a
hyb
rid o
f an
advi
sory
gro
up a
nd a
true
gov
erni
ng b
oard
. Tog
ethe
r w
ith th
eir
resp
ectiv
e di
stric
t adm
inis
trat
ors.
they
hav
e au
thor
ity o
ver
man
agin
g an
d op
erat
ing
serv
ice
deliv
ery
inth
eir
dist
ricts
. The
y he
lp th
e ad
min
istr
ator
set
pol
icy
in th
e di
stric
t and
mak
e de
cisi
ons
rega
rdin
g an
arra
y of
dis
tric
t act
iviti
es (
see
sect
ion.
Loc
al F
unct
ions
).
rds
cann
ot h
ire o
r fir
e an
adm
inis
trat
or, b
ut th
ey p
lay
a m
ajor
rol
e in
the
proc
ess
by p
rovi
ding
inpu
tin
thei
r ad
min
istr
ator
's h
iring
and
eva
luat
ion
by th
e S
ecre
tary
of H
RS
. Dis
tric
t adm
inis
trat
ors
have
imm
edia
te a
utho
rity
over
the
expe
nditu
re o
f fun
ds: h
owev
er, t
heir
rela
tions
hip
with
the
dist
rict b
oard
isin
tend
ed to
res
ult i
n co
llabo
rativ
e de
cisi
ons
rega
rdin
g ho
w fu
nds
are
dire
cted
toW
ard
serv
ice
delis
ery
in th
e di
stric
t. In
the
area
of p
erso
nnel
, sta
ff pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e st
ate
are
dire
ctly
acc
ount
able
to th
e di
s-tr
ict a
dmin
istr
ator
, not
the
boar
d; b
ut th
e in
tent
is fo
r al
l sta
te s
taff
to b
e w
orki
ng w
ith th
e lo
cal h
oard
.
HB
237
9 au
thor
ized
a th
ree-
year
pilo
t pro
ject
to te
st b
udge
t and
per
sonn
el fl
exib
ility
pol
icie
s th
atal
low
dis
tric
t adm
inis
trat
ors
and
hoar
ds to
man
age
reso
urce
s to
mee
t im
med
iate
and
loca
l nee
ds "
muc
hlik
e pr
ivat
e bu
sine
ss h
as h
isto
rical
ly d
one.
- P
erso
nnel
man
agem
ent r
efor
ms
wen
t int
o ef
fect
Feb
ruar
yI,
1993
; im
plem
enta
tion
of fu
ll bu
dget
ref
orm
s w
as to
occ
ur b
y Ju
ly I.
199
3.
A h
oard
may
pro
pose
to th
e S
ecre
tary
of H
RS
. thr
ough
its
dist
rict a
dmin
istr
ator
, the
est
ablis
hmen
t of
"an
inno
vatio
n zo
ne fo
r an
y ex
perim
enta
l, pi
lot,
or d
emon
stra
tion
proj
ect..
.as
a la
bora
tory
for
the
rese
arch
, dev
elop
men
t, an
d te
stin
g of
the
appl
icab
ility
and
effi
cacy
of m
odel
pro
gram
s. p
olic
y op
tions
,an
d ne
w te
chno
logi
es.-
A z
one
can
be a
cou
t ity
. mun
icip
ality
, sch
ool d
istr
ict,
or a
n en
tire
heal
th a
ndhu
man
ser
vice
s di
stric
t. T
he a
ccep
tanc
e or
a p
ropo
safb
y th
e S
ecre
tars
car
ries
ss it
h it
his
ads
ocac
y an
das
sist
ance
in o
htai
ning
any
nec
essa
ry w
aive
rs to
sta
te a
nd fe
dera
l law
.
1 he
aut
horit
y of
the
boar
ds s
s ill
he
a m
ajor
issu
e w
hen
the
1.eg
isla
ture
hea
rs a
rep
ort a
nd r
ecom
men
da-
tions
from
the
hoar
ds a
nd !I
RS
prio
r to
its
1995
ses
sion
. At t
hat t
ime,
a d
ecis
ion
ks il
l he
mad
e re
gard
-in
g th
e fe
asib
ility
of m
ovin
g th
e ho
ards
to th
e st
atus
of i
ndep
ende
nt g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
.
12F
indi
ng C
omm
on G
roun
d:I)
Acc
ount
abili
tyA
Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s B
oard
s re
orga
niza
tion
uork
gro
up is
dev
elop
ing
perf
orm
ance
mea
sure
s, o
utco
me
mea
sure
s, a
nd a
mod
el fo
r pe
rfor
man
ce a
gree
men
ts th
at w
ill p
rovi
de th
e pa
ram
eter
s fo
r di
stric
t hoa
rdac
coun
tabi
lity.
The
agr
eem
ent i
s ne
gotia
ted
betw
een
dist
rict h
oard
s an
d th
e S
ecre
tary
of H
RS
. It s
ets
fort
h:
spec
ific
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of th
e di
stric
t (i.e
., w
hat
the
dist
rict m
ust d
o. it
s ex
pect
ed o
utco
mes
, and
the
natu
reof
loca
l dis
cret
ion
in r
each
ing
thos
e O
utco
mes
):
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of th
e st
ate
(i.e.
, wha
t the
sta
te m
ust d
o an
d th
e sp
ecifi
c re
s)ur
ces
prov
ided
by
the
stat
e):
and
a di
sput
e re
solu
tion
mec
hani
sm (
to r
esol
se d
ispu
tes
that
mig
ht a
rise
betw
een
HR
San
d th
e bo
ard)
.
The
per
form
ance
agr
eem
ent i
s bo
th a
wor
king
doc
umen
t for
the
dist
rict b
oard
and
the
vehi
cle
thro
ugh
whi
ch it
ishe
ld a
ccou
ntab
le fo
r se
rs ic
e de
lis c
ry. A
mon
g its
res
pons
ibili
ties,
the
boar
d w
ill c
ondu
ct a
loca
l nee
ds a
sses
smen
tno
t onl
y fo
r its
ow
n u
se h
ut a
lso
to h
elp
deve
lop
dist
rict l
egis
lativ
e bu
dget
req
uest
s. T
he r
eorg
aniz
atio
n w
ork
grou
p%
las
draf
ting
such
a p
roce
ss in
ear
l) 19
93. a
nd a
dra
ft of
the
disp
ute
reso
lutio
n pr
oced
ure
was
unde
rgoi
ng r
evis
ion
at
that
tim
e.
Dis
tric
ts a
re a
ccou
ntab
le to
r pr
os ti
ling
a se
t of c
ore
sets
ices
dL
(erm
ined
by
the
Sec
reta
ry o
f HR
SA
FD
C a
ndot
her
entit
lem
ents
) as
wel
l as
for
acco
mpl
ishi
ng th
ose
goal
s th
e) s
et fo
rth
in th
eir
agre
emen
t in
othe
r m
ore
disc
re-
tiona
r) a
reas
. To
mea
sure
pro
gres
s to
war
d ou
tcom
es, p
erio
dic
repo
rts
and
eval
uatio
ns o
f dis
tric
t and
boar
d pe
rfor
-m
ance
are
iequ
ired.
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsD
istr
ict g
oals
, ()N
et:U
ses.
and
spe
cific
hoa
rd a
ctiv
ities
are
dev
elop
ed jo
int')
h)
each
Dis
tric
t Hea
lthan
d H
uman
Ser
s ic
es B
oard
and
its
dist
rict a
dmin
istr
ator
. The
se k
e) fu
nctio
ns m
ust h
e ca
rrie
d ou
tin
wit)
cons
iste
nt s
s ith
the
stat
ew id
e po
lic)
of p
ros
idin
gfa
mil)
-ce
nter
ed c
onst
ella
tion
of s
er-
\ices
sy iM
the
prim
al-)
goa
l bei
ng I
the
pres
et .a
tion
of fa
mili
es.-
\ nod
ici o
s er
arch
ing
func
tion
of M
e bo
ard
IN to
rep
rese
nt a
nd a
ds o
cate
for
the
com
mun
it) h
)as
sist
ing
In w
ry ic
e in
tegr
atio
n an
d co
mm
unit)
res
ourc
e de
velo
pmen
t, su
ppor
ting
com
mun
ity p
ro-
gram
s an
d se
rs ic
es. c
omm
unic
atin
g w
ith
cons
umer
s. a
nd a
ds k
ing
the
dist
rict
adm
inis
trat
or.
()th
e!I u
nctio
ns a
nd a
chy
ides
incl
ude:
(i
dete
rmin
ing
hoar
d or
gani
zatio
nal s
truc
ture
. (hi
ele
ctin
gof
I le
ers,
cf d
es e
lopi
ng b
) la
w s
. RI)
con
duct
ing
need
s as
sess
men
ts. (
e de
velo
ping
and
app
ros
ing
a di
stric
t ser
s ic
e de
liver
) pl
an. (
Ipr
os id
ing
polic
) ov
ersi
ght,
(g)
pros
idin
g bu
dget
ove
rsig
ht, a
ndpr
ovid
ing
inpu
t in
the
sele
ctio
n an
d an
nual
csa
luat
ion
of M
e di
stric
t adm
inis
trat
or.
hltIl
aid,
111
1olIg
hi e
pres
t. 'n
atio
n on
the
Sta
tes\
ide
Hea
lth a
nd !I
nman
Ser
s ic
es B
oard
. dis
tric
tbo
ards
sk
ill h
elp
set s
tate
pol
ic).
dire
ct p
riorit
ies.
det
erm
ine
how
sta
te m
one)
is s
pent
. and
acc
om-
plis
h st
atew
ide
data
col
lect
ion.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
I thi
nk th
at th
e de
sire
is to
rea
llydo
(1
bette
r jo
b. n
ot fo
r ou
rsel
ves
hut f
or th
e pe
ople
who
we'
re s
up-
pose
d to
hel
p. B
y ha
ving
clie
nts
and
cons
umer
s cm
the
boar
dto
say,
"L,
.00k
, I k
now
s.o
u th
ink
that
ever
ythi
ng y
ou p
lan
wor
ks, a
nd o
npa
per
it lo
oks
won
derf
ul; b
ut it
does
n't w
ork
like
that
whe
n it
gets
us"b
rings
us
dow
n to
ear
th.
Brin
ging
som
e of
the
criti
cal d
eci-
sion
mak
ing
dow
n to
the
loca
l lev
elan
d in
chdi
ng c
omm
unity
lead
ers
and
cons
umer
s ho
pejU
lly w
ill k
eep
us a
lilti
mor
e gr
ound
ed th
an w
em
ight
oth
erw
ise
be.
Kay
ce M
orto
nG
us e
rnm
enta
l Ana
l)st f
orP
lann
ing
and
Bud
getin
gO
ffice
of t
he G
over
nor
9 9
4;
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yD
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
erv
ices
Boa
rds
are
resp
onsi
ble
for
the
serv
ice
deliv
ery
perf
orm
ance
of
thei
r di
stri
ct.
Tho
ugh
serv
ices
dir
ecte
d by
fed
eral
pol
icy
are
not s
ubje
ct to
mod
ific
atio
n. s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
by
FIR
S of
fice
s or
con
-tr
acte
d ou
t to
othe
r pr
os id
ers
are
unde
r th
e pu
rvie
w o
f di
stri
ct h
oard
s. F
IRS
curr
ently
con
trac
ts o
ut a
bout
(A
Y"(
of
itsse
rv ic
e bu
dget
. \ki
th s
onic
are
as (
such
as
alco
hol,
drug
abu
se, a
nd m
enta
l hea
lth)
cont
ract
ing
75-8
0of
ser
vice
s.
\ dis
tric
t boa
rd c
an r
ev ie
w a
ny s
erv
ice
cont
ract
or, i
n co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith th
e di
stri
ct a
dmin
istr
ator
, and
can
mak
ech
ange
s in
con
trac
wal
arr
ange
men
ts. I
f a
prov
ider
's h
isto
ry a
nd p
erfo
rman
ce a
re g
ood.
few
cha
nges
mig
ht h
e ex
pect
-ed
. I I
ocer
.ith
the
part
icip
atio
n of
its
adm
inis
trat
or. a
boa
rd c
an e
lect
to p
ublis
h a
Req
uest
for
Pro
posa
l (R
FP)
tose
ek a
ditf
eren
t pro
v id
er f
or a
ny s
erv
ice
and
solic
it an
impr
oved
pro
posa
l fro
m th
e cu
rren
t pro
vide
r.
As
desc
ribe
d ea
rlie
r. s
ervi
ces
are
sele
cted
by
dist
rict
boa
rds
to a
chie
ve d
iffe
rent
type
s of
out
com
es. A
lldi
stri
cts
will
be
requ
ired
to p
ros
ide
a se
t (4
core
ser
vice
s (u
nder
rev
isio
n by
the
Hea
lth a
nd H
unta
n Se
rvic
es B
oard
s re
orga
niza
tion
wor
k gr
oup
in e
arly
199
3). 0
11:::
r se
rvic
es th
at r
espo
nd to
uni
que
loca
l nee
ds a
nd g
oals
w il
l he
iden
tifie
d in
dis
tric
ts'
anim
al a
gree
men
ts w
ith th
e Se
cret
ary
of I
IR
S. N
ew s
eiic
es a
nd im
plem
enta
tion
stra
tegi
es c
an h
e pi
lote
d th
roug
h th
ein
nova
tion
zone
opt
ion
(see
sec
tion,
Dev
isio
nmak
ing)
. Als
o, d
istr
icts
may
off
er a
dditi
onal
SC
I's ic
e', o
r de
velo
p di
ffer
-en
t mod
es o
r se
rk ic
e de
liver
\ in
orde
r to
mee
t sta
tes\
ide
goal
s an
dpr
iori
ties,
as
thes
de
clop
.
t I
Fun
ding
Res
ourc
es a
ppro
pria
ted
by th
e I.
egis
latu
re a
re d
irec
tly a
llt)c
ated
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lthan
d R
ehab
ilita
tiv e
Ser
l. ic
es. t
hen
dist
ribu
ted
to th
e H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ers
ices
Dis
tric
tsba
sed
onar
ious
for
mul
as. N
o ch
ange
s to
thes
e fo
rmul
as h
ave
been
mad
e ye
t: fu
nds
wer
eal
loca
ted
to d
istr
icts
in 1
992-
93 a
ccor
ding
to th
e cu
rren
t dis
trib
utio
n. L
ong-
term
fun
ding
adju
stm
ents
may
be
purs
ued
whe
n th
e bo
ards
and
thei
r di
stri
ct a
dmin
istr
ator
s co
mm
unic
ate
ith I
IRS
and
part
icip
ate
in s
ubm
ittin
g bu
dget
req
uest
s to
the
Leg
isla
ture
.
ktea
l c m
iiiiU
iiit
ies
imp
IcIl
lent
thei
r pl
ans
and
iden
tify
serv
ice
gaps
. the
y ar
e ex
pect
ed to
seek
add
ition
al r
esou
rces
els
ew h
ere
(e.g
.. lo
cal g
over
nmen
t ) to
sup
plem
ent s
tate
dol
lars
.13
,)ar
ds c
anno
t ind
epen
dent
ly a
pply
kir
gra
ins.
but
HR
S w
ill o
ffer
info
rmat
ion
and
assi
stan
cere
gard
ing
how
to a
cces
s fe
dera
l dol
lars
and
see
k ou
t oth
er s
ouic
es o
f fu
ndin
g. (
'olla
bora
tion
betw
een
loca
litie
s an
d th
e st
ate
is in
tend
ed to
**m
inim
ize
dupl
icat
ion
and
max
imiz
e do
llars
**on
a d
ay -
to-d
ay b
asis
.
As
w ti
ll di
stri
ct h
oard
utho
rity
. fun
ding
(eq
uity
as
wel
l as
adeq
uacv
of
appr
opri
atio
ns)
will
lie a
inaj
oi is
sue
w h
en th
e bo
aids
and
1IR
S re
port
to th
e I
cgis
law
re a
nd o
riel
icut
miti
tnei
mla
lions
pri
or to
Ow
I k
)95
legi
slat
ive
sess
ion.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Dat
a w
ill b
e co
llect
ed in
the
Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s D
istr
icts
thro
ugh
two
maj
or ty
pes
of a
sses
smen
t: ne
eds
asse
ssm
ent a
nd a
nnu-
al p
erfo
rman
ce a
sses
smen
t. Id
eally
, the
nee
ds a
sses
smen
t will
he
asbr
oad
as th
e m
issi
on o
f HR
S. a
ddre
ssin
g th
e fu
ll sc
ope
of s
ervi
ces
and
rang
e of
pop
ulat
ions
to b
e se
rved
. Dis
tric
t nee
ds a
sses
smen
tsw
ill h
e us
ed b
y IIR
S a
nd s
tate
dec
i.sio
nmak
ers
in r
efin
ine
the
stat
ewid
e as
sess
men
t of n
eed.
Nee
ds a
sses
smen
t dat
a al
so w
ill b
eus
ed b
y th
e di
stric
ts th
emse
ls e
s w
hen
des
elop
ing
and
appr
ovin
gth
eir
plan
s to
iden
tify
unm
et n
eeds
and
rec
omm
end
chan
ges
in s
er-
%te
e (le
liser
y .
Typ
ical
dat
a (e
.g..
num
bers
of i
ndiv
idua
ls n
eedi
ng s
peci
fic ty
pes
ofse
rs ic
es)
idre
ady
can
be c
olle
cted
by
dist
rict a
nd c
ompi
led
stat
es\ i
desi
a th
e da
ta s
yste
ms
esta
blis
hed
in 1
976.
The
cha
lleng
e no
w m
ay b
eho
w to
get
dat
a do
wn
to th
e co
unty
les
el. I
t is
antic
ipat
ed th
at d
is-
tric
t hoa
rds.
rat
her
than
hel
ping
the
stat
e ag
greg
ate
data
(a
need
amon
g m
ans
othe
r st
ates
). in
stea
d m
ay h
elp
the
stat
e ac
hies
e a
les
elot
furt
her
deta
il hy
pro
s id
ing
a br
eakd
own
of lo
cal d
ata.
Dec
isio
nsto
col
lect
an\
new
kin
ds o
r da
ta h
ike
not b
een
mad
e by
the
stat
e.
An
annu
al p
erfo
rman
ce a
sses
smen
t of e
ach
dist
rict w
ill fo
cus
onkl
ata
that
mea
sure
the
acem
nplis
hmen
t of s
oCie
talls
-ba
sed
outc
omes
.T
his
asse
ssm
ent s
s ill
be
a m
ajor
com
pone
nt o
f the
agr
eem
ent
betw
een
each
dis
tric
t boa
rd a
nd th
e S
ecre
tary
of H
RS
. The
dat
a ar
eex
pect
ed to
ans
wer
the
ques
tion.
'Did
we
acco
mpl
ish
any
thin
g'!"
Dis
tric
ts s
ill h
ike
acce
ss to
cur
rent
sta
tes\
ide
data
sys
tem
s af
ter
conf
iden
tialit
y is
sues
has
e b
een
reso
ls e
d. F
or e
xam
ple.
the
Clie
ntIn
form
atio
n tis
ste
in e
nabl
es H
RS
to tr
ack
cert
ain
kind
s of
soc
ial s
er-
ices
(e.
g.. f
oste
r pl
acem
ents
. agi
ng a
nd a
dult
serv
ices
. alc
ohol
and
drug
abu
se s
et-s
ick:
N. m
enta
l hea
lth w
t.\ ic
es).
Als
o, th
e D
ivis
ion
ofN
lana
gem
ent S
s st
ems
in F
IRS
is c
oord
inat
ing
a st
ates
\ ide
sys
tem
that
ss
ill li
nk A
FD
C a
nd M
edic
aid
elig
ibili
ts in
one
dat
a sy
stem
.[U
mia
k:Is
. thi
s sy
stem
will
bec
ome
the
oper
atis
e da
ta s
yste
m fo
rth
e en
tire
depa
rtm
ent -
-pul
ling
toge
ther
fam
ily. e
cono
mic
, and
dem
ogra
phic
info
rmat
ion
nece
ssar
y to
det
erm
ine
clie
nt e
ligib
ility
for
all p
rogr
ams
A c
ompr
ehen
sise
sta
tes\
ide
sy s
tem
is e
xpec
ted
toen
alN
ets
ice
tilos
idei
s to
acc
ess
the
prim
a\ d
atab
ase
as th
ey s
1/4
ork
ss it
h U
ndie
s an
d ad
d in
form
atio
n to
clie
nt fi
les,
sho
w in
g a
mor
eco
mpl
ete
pict
inv
ol th
e se
rs ic
es in
disi
dual
fam
ilies
rec
eive
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
4I
iere
is n
o se
nse
in r
edoi
ng e
very
thin
g ot
her
peop
le h
ave
alre
ady
done
. By
law
we
mus
t com
eup
with
a s
ingl
e ne
eds-
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss, a
ndw
e '1
1 do
that
. But
we'
ll al
so u
tiliz
e w
hat's
alre
ady
ther
e, a
nd w
e're
goi
ng to
do
the
wed
sas
.ve.
v.vm
ent w
ith e
.vis
ting
dolla
rs. I
ant
icip
ate
that
loca
l com
mun
ities
will
fin
d th
e re
sour
c.es
they
nee
d, a
nd th
at w
e w
ill f
ind
way
s w
ithin
the
depa
rtm
ent t
o su
pple
men
t tha
t Bas
ical
ly, w
e're
tryi
ng to
bui
ld p
artn
ersh
ips.
We'
re tr
ying
toen
cour
age
loca
l com
mun
ities
to b
egin
to o
wn
this
sys
tem
. And
the
best
way
to d
o th
at, w
eth
ink,
is th
roug
h th
is p
roce
ss.
Bill
Ben
tley
Ass
ista
nt D
eput
y S
ecre
tary
for
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tise
Ser
vice
s
45
Con
tact
Per
sons
Bill
Bem
ley,
Ass
ista
nt D
eput
y Se
cret
ary
for
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
and
Reh
abili
tativ
e Se
rvic
es13
17 W
inew
ood
Blv
d.T
alla
hass
ee. F
l. 32
399-
0700
(904
)487
-111
1
Kay
ce
Mor
ton.
Gov
erm
nent
al A
naly
st
for
Plan
ning
and
Bud
getin
gO
ffic
e of
the
Go\
ern
or31
I C
arlto
n B
uild
ing
Tal
laha
ssee
. H. 3
2399
-000
1(9
04)
458-
7734
Paul
Bel
cher
, Pol
icy
Coo
rdin
ator
for
leal
th a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
.O
ffic
e of
the
erno
r31
1 C
arlto
n B
uild
ing
Tal
laha
ssee
, H. 3
2399
.0)0
1(9
0414
88 7
734
.11c
Had
i. D
eput
y Se
cret
ary
for
Nla
nage
men
t Sy
stem
sD
epai
t m
em o
f Il
ealth
and
Reh
abili
tati
e Se
rt ic
esN
orth
woo
d C
entr
e, S
uite
80
1940
Nor
th M
onro
e St
.T
alla
hass
ee. F
l. 3'
2.10
119
01)
912
sit)
!
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sFl
orid
a's
Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tive
Serv
ices
initi
ativ
e is
uni
que
beca
use
it sp
ring
s fr
om a
rec
ogni
tion
shar
ed b
y se
vera
l dis
para
te g
roup
s an
dag
enci
es th
at F
lori
da's
pro
blem
s ar
e gr
owin
g fa
ster
than
sta
te g
over
n-m
ent c
an r
espo
nd. T
he e
ffor
t to
reor
gani
ze H
RS
and
shif
t aut
hori
ty a
ndre
spon
sibi
lity
to th
e lo
cal l
evel
is b
ased
on
the
belie
f th
at th
e st
ate
can-
not e
ffec
tivel
y pr
ovid
e al
l thi
ngs
to a
ll pe
ople
, and
com
mun
ities
mus
tsh
are
and
begi
n to
ow
n so
me
of th
e pr
oble
ms
with
the
stat
e.
The
new
Dis
tric
t Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
Boa
rds
diff
er f
rom
oth
ersu
ch b
odie
s es
tabl
ishe
d in
the
past
. The
ir m
issi
on is
cle
arly
spe
lled
out
in le
gisl
atio
n. a
s ar
e th
eir
spec
ific
res
pons
ihili
ties
and
expe
ctat
ions
. The
hoar
ds a
re n
ot a
dvis
ory
grou
ps: t
hey
have
mor
e in
flue
nce
and
mor
edi
rect
dec
isio
nmak
ing
pow
er. F
urth
erm
ore,
they
may
bec
ome
form
algo
ern
ance
str
uctu
res
afte
r th
e 19
95 le
gisl
ativ
ese
ssio
n. T
his
pote
ntia
lgi
es
the
grou
ps s
tatu
s an
d vi
sibi
lity
with
in th
e sy
stem
as
full-
fled
ged
play
ers
and
part
ners
rat
her
than
adv
isor
s. B
oard
s ar
e ch
arge
d w
ithde
liver
able
s: n
eeds
ass
essm
ents
, ser
vice
pla
ns, a
nd in
put a
bout
bud
get
requ
ests
and
dis
tric
t adm
inis
trat
or e
valu
atio
ns. U
ltim
atel
y. th
ey a
reac
coun
tabl
e fo
r m
eetin
g th
eir
goal
s an
d ob
ject
i \ e
s.
Reg
iona
li/at
ion
(i.e
., de
velo
pmen
t and
mai
nten
ance
of
a re
gion
al o
rdi
stri
ct s
truc
ture
for
hea
lth a
nd h
uman
ser
vice
s de
liver
y )
has
caus
edpr
oble
ms
in a
dmin
istr
atio
n, d
iscr
epan
cies
in f
undi
ng. a
nd th
e em
er-
genc
e of
dif
fere
nt a
ppro
ache
s to
ser
vice
del
iver
) .
Reg
iona
liiat
ion,
how
eve
r. a
lso
has
allo
wed
the
stat
e to
inco
rpor
ate
dive
rsity
into
its
plan
ning
. It h
as le
d de
cisi
onm
aker
s to
thin
k ab
out d
iffe
rent
are
as o
f th
est
ate
nair
e ap
prop
riat
ely
and
!Uni
t sta
tew
ide
man
date
s to
cert
ain
para
-m
eter
\ (i.e
.. th
e co
re s
ervi
ces
that
will
he
requ
ired
of
all d
istr
icts
).
Fina
lly, t
he in
itiat
ive
refl
ects
a d
iffe
renc
e in
ove
rall
inte
nt a
nd p
hilo
so-
phy
. The
goa
l is
syst
em c
hang
e. n
ot ju
st s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery:
impr
ovem
ent.
The
bot
tom
-lin
e go
al is
to c
reat
e a
syst
em th
at tr
ansl
ates
into
"m
ean-
ingf
ul, h
elpt
ul.
cons
iste
nt s
ervi
ce to
the
peop
le n
eedi
ng h
elp
who
wal
kin
our
doo
rs.-
Sta
te R
ole
A s
tate
mus
t. fi
rst a
nd f
orem
ost.
he "
patie
ntw
ith th
e pr
oces
s- w
hen
initi
atin
g an
d su
ppor
t-in
g lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
suc
h as
Flor
ida'
s D
istr
ict H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Boa
rds.
Wor
king
with
gro
ups
is m
ore
diff
i-cu
lt th
an n
ot. T
here
mus
t be
a w
illin
gnes
s to
"go
thro
ugh
the
stop
s an
d st
arts
and
squ
abbl
esan
d su
cces
ses
of b
ring
ing
a gr
oup
toge
ther
.-
The
sta
te r
ole
is to
pla
n th
e he
st s
yste
m it
can,
clo
sely
exa
min
e ho
w th
e sy
stem
fun
c-tio
ns, a
nd c
ontin
ually
ask
the
ques
tion.
"H
owar
e w
e do
ing?
" in
wor
king
tow
ard
impr
oved
outc
omes
for
ser
vice
rec
ipie
nts.
As
prob
lem
sar
ise:
the
stat
e ne
eds
to d
eter
min
e w
here
the
brea
kdow
n is
and
wha
t can
be
done
to c
or-
rect
it.
A s
tate
pri
ority
on
invo
lvin
g se
rvic
e re
cipi
-en
tS in
pro
vidi
ng in
put a
nd m
akin
g de
cisi
ons
is a
lso
esse
ntia
l: "i
t is
the
key
to m
akin
gch
ange
s th
at m
atte
r.-
The
ir in
volv
emen
t is
som
etim
es u
ncom
fort
able
kir
oth
er d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
part
icip
ants
. Clie
nts
expe
rien
ce th
ere
aliti
es o
f se
n ic
e de
liver
y pr
oble
ms
and
gaps
, and
man
y w
ill s
peak
blu
ntly
abo
ut th
edi
spar
it% b
etw
een
stat
e or
loca
l pla
ns a
ndac
tual
impl
emen
tatio
n.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
I ow
a
FA
MIL
Y D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
TA
ND
SE
LF-S
UF
FIC
1EN
CY
PR
OG
RA
M
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s !J
47
ttf His
tory
Iow
a's
Gov
erno
r. T
erry
Bra
nsta
d, a
nd th
e Io
wa
Gen
eral
A\s
embl
y m
ade
wel
fare
ref
orm
a p
riorit
y in
1987
. Wor
king
with
the
Wel
fare
Ref
orm
Inte
rimC
omm
ittee
of t
he G
ener
al A
ssem
bly.
form
er S
enat
orC
hark
s B
rune
r de
elo
ped
the
first
pie
ce o
f leg
isla
-tio
n re
late
d to
fam
ily is
sues
in 1
987.
The
Fam
ilyD
e% e
lopm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
Dem
onst
ratio
n(F
aDS
S P
rogr
am w
as e
nact
ed in
198
8, w
ith
anap
prop
riatio
n of
$69
0.00
0 fo
r ca
lend
ar y
ear
1989
.M
at in
itiat
ive
put i
nto
plac
e th
e F
amily
De\
elo
pmcn
tan
d S
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
Cou
ncil
to a
dmin
iste
r an
d (1
er-
-.ce
the
prog
ram
. The
com
posi
tion
of th
e C
ounc
il. a
,le
gisl
ated
. inc
lude
s he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
reci
pi-
ents
. rep
rese
ntat
ix e
s of
see
ral s
tate
age
ncie
s. a
ndun
t ers
ity r
epre
sent
atix
es.
1.eg
isla
tion
also
req
uire
\ tha
t the
ref
orm
effo
rts
focu
son
fam
ilies
at h
igh
risk
of b
ecom
ing
long
-ter
m r
ecip
i-en
ts 0
1 F
DC
Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n) fu
nds.
The
legi
slat
nin
man
date
s th
at fu
nds
w il
l flo
w to
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
er ic
es,
but
that
the
depa
rtm
ent w
ill c
mtr
act a
dmin
istr
atio
n of
the
piog
ram
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of I
lum
an R
ight
s iD
IIR).
is e
ssen
tially
an
ads
ocac
x ag
ency
for
basi
chu
man
rig
hts.
I his
stip
ulat
ion
is s
x m
bolic
bec
ause
itco
mm
unic
ates
the
fact
that
fam
ilies
des
erse
ads
o-
cate
s. .1
he M
IR'.
Dix
isio
n of
Com
mun
th A
ctio
nge
ncie
s i O
( A
A)
\kits
sel
ecte
d to
con
trac
t ss
ith lo
cal
FaD
SS
ser
s ic
e pr
os 't
iers
, due
to it
s ex
perie
nce
inad
min
iste
ring
ann-
pose
rty
gian
ts to
com
mun
ityba
sed
orga
m/a
tions
.
Hie
initi
al le
gisl
atio
n w
as lo
t a th
iee-
x ea
r de
mon
stra
non
gian
t. w
itli
Fin
ney
appr
opria
ted
aini
ti,ill
t he
min
im e
has
son
ic e
x ok
ed b
e\ o
nd th
e de
mon
stra
tion
st.n
ye ,n
al is
cnt
ciin
g its
I ilth
yea
, ol i
mpl
emen
tatio
n.
t,
.-tZ
lIato
twa,
;;;;a
1,
Mis
sion
& G
oals
The
mis
sion
of t
he F
amily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-S
uffic
ienc
y P
rogr
am is
to s
hift
the
focu
s of
the
heal
than
d hu
man
ser
vice
s sy
stem
from
the
indk
idua
l to
the
entir
e fa
mily
. The
inin
atix
e w
as a
res
pons
e to
indi
ca-
tors
of f
amily
dis
tres
s th
at w
ere
incr
easi
ngly
pre
\ a-
lent
. For
exa
mpl
e. h
elpi
ng in
disi
dual
mem
bers
of w
el-
fare
fam
ilies
find
em
ploy
men
t did
not
see
m s
uffic
ient
to e
nabl
e th
e fa
mili
es to
func
tion
effe
ctis
ely
or e
ndth
eir
relia
nce
on A
H)C
. The
bas
ic p
hilo
soph
y be
hind
the
prog
ram
is th
at c
ompr
ehen
sive
. cap
aLity
early
inte
rven
tions
w it
h at
-ris
k fa
mili
es c
an h
e su
c-ce
ssfu
l in
impr
osin
g th
e st
abili
t and
sel
f-su
ffici
enc
ot th
ose
fam
ilies
.
The
goa
ls o
f the
FaD
SS
pro
gram
are
twof
old.
The
first
goa
l is
to h
elp
fant
ilies
obt
ain
self-
suffi
cien
cy a
ndsu
stai
n a
nurt
urin
g fa
milx
ens
iron
men
t. .A
ssis
ting
fam
ilies
in s
ettin
g go
als
for
them
selv
es is
a m
ajor
coni
pone
nt. A
noth
er o
bjec
tise
is to
sea
rch
for
and
elim
inat
e ba
rrie
rs th
at k
eep
fam
dies
from
rea
clnn
gse
lf-su
l fic
ient
..
The
sec
ond
goal
of t
he p
rogr
am is
to k
eep
child
ren
out
of fo
ster
car
e. F
aDS
S is
con
side
red
a pr
e-cr
isis
Lun
d\pr
eset
atio
n pi
ogrim
i tha
t mai
ntai
ns a
str
om, l
ocus
on
pare
ntin
g ed
ucat
ion
,ind
supp
ort g
toup
s lo
r pa
tent
s.
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he F
amily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-S
uffic
ienc
yP
rogr
am is
des
igne
d to
: (1)
red
uce
the
num
ber
of fo
s-te
r ca
re p
lace
men
ts a
nd (
2) r
educ
e th
e nu
mbe
r of
peo
-pl
e re
ceiv
ing
Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n. R
esul
ts r
elat
ed to
the
seco
nd o
utco
me
have
been
par
ticul
arly
pos
itive
. App
roxi
mat
ely
one-
third
of
the
fam
ilies
ss
ho h
ave
ente
red
the
prog
ram
has
een
ded
thei
r de
pend
ence
on
AF
DC
. Ano
ther
third
are
cont
inui
ng th
eir
prog
ram
invo
lvem
ent.
The
fina
l thi
rdha
se m
osed
. dro
pped
out
. or
exite
d th
e pr
ogra
m fo
rot
her
reas
ons.
Fun
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Fam
ily D
evel
opm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
P
Col
labo
ratio
nT
he le
gisl
atio
n th
at in
itiat
ed th
e Fa
mily
De
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-Su
ffic
ienc
y Pr
ogra
m m
anda
tes
colla
bora
tion
amon
g th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
en ic
es. D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an R
ight
s, a
nd g
rant
ees
(i.e
.. co
m-
mun
ity a
ctio
n ag
enci
es. c
ount
y go
vern
men
ts, o
r no
n-pr
ofit
orga
ni/a
-tio
ns).
Oth
er e
ntiti
es a
t the
com
mun
ity le
vel,
such
as
loca
l off
ices
of
hum
an s
er%
ices
and
par
ticip
atin
g sc
hool
s, a
lso
are
impo
rtan
t par
tner
s in
colla
bora
tion.
.At t
he f
eder
al le
% e
l, th
ere
is c
olla
bora
tion
w it
h th
e Fe
dera
l JO
BS
Piog
ram
. Loc
al F
aDSS
wor
kers
. in
cons
ulta
tion
with
FaD
SS f
amili
es.
dete
rmin
e w
hen
the
fam
ilies
arc
rea
dy to
rec
eke
empl
oym
ent o
r tr
ain-
ing
sers
ices
pro
ided
11\
the
JOB
S pr
ogra
m. T
he J
OB
S pr
ogra
m c
on-
trib
utes
fin
anci
al a
ssis
tanc
e to
haD
SS f
or J
OB
S-el
igib
le p
artic
ipan
ts.
Stat
e ad
min
istr
ator
s an
d lo
cal p
ros
ider
s. e
spec
ially
com
mun
tty a
ctio
nag
enci
es. a
lso
enga
ge in
col
labo
ralk
e pl
anni
ng w
ith th
e D
epar
tmen
t or
Hou
sing
and
t'rb
an D
e\ e
lopm
ent
and
loca
l Pub
lic H
ousi
ng\ u
thor
nies
. Suc
h co
llabo
ratio
n re
sulte
d in
the
mer
ger
of p
rogr
ams
ers
-11
112
publ
ic h
ousi
ng r
esid
ents
in s
eeri
ll ar
eas
of th
e st
ate.
Cre
atin
gLo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
sta
te p
rovi
des
fund
ing,
trai
ning
.an
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
rec
ipie
nts
of F
amilv
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-Su
ffic
ienc
y Pr
ogra
m g
rant
s. T
hest
ate-
leve
l FaD
SS C
ounc
il re
view
slo
cal p
ropo
sals
on
an a
nnua
l bas
is a
i,2de
term
ines
the
leve
l of
fund
ing
for
each
pro
ject
. Tra
inin
g is
pro
vide
d to
gran
tees
in a
reas
impo
rtam
to b
uild
ing
a su
cces
sful
fam
ily d
emon
stra
tion
prog
ram
. Gra
ntee
s ha
s e
part
icip
ated
in s
ome
trai
ning
ses
sion
s or
mee
tings
ss it
h r
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
oth
er s
uc-
cess
ful p
rogr
ams
(e.g
.. M
ary
land
'sC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Initi
alis
e). I
n or
der
to p
ros
ide
tech
ni-
cal a
ssis
tanc
e in
an
ongo
ing
man
ner,
the
stat
e cr
eate
d a
liais
on p
ositi
on to
link
loca
l gra
ntee
s w
ith
stat
e so
urce
sot
ass
ista
nce.
r re
er y
en, g
ood
abou
t bei
ng a
n ad
voca
te fo
r th
e rig
hts
of .l
amili
es. F
amili
esdo
/WIT
the
right
to e
xper
t edu
catio
n: th
ey d
o ho
ve th
e rig
htto
e.v
pect
res
pect
from
oth
er p
eopl
e. M
any
have
sur
mis
ed th
at it
is th
e la
ck o
f a jo
b an
d th
e la
ckof
trai
ning
and
Aki
lls th
at p
rohi
bit .
fam
ilies
from
JU
lly fu
nctio
ning
. How
ever
, it
is m
uch
mor
e th
an th
is. I
t is
a la
ck o
f sel
f-es
teem
.
Bet
te C
runi
rine
Prog
ram
kla
nage
rfa
mily
Des
elo
pmen
t and
Sel
f-Su
ffic
ienc
y Pr
ogra
mD
epar
tmen
t of
Ilum
an R
ight
s99
10o
i'.--
ASI
EN
KII
Will
aitt;
SIE
SISE
IRE
VIM
MB
LV
EN
AN
IkiM
MIN
SWIr
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
iiatio
nF
amily
Dee
lopm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
gran
ts a
reaw
arde
d th
roug
h a
stat
ewid
e co
mpe
titiv
e pr
oces
s.
The
re a
re c
urre
ntly
12
FaD
SS
pro
gram
s.w
ith a
tota
l of 3
6 si
tes,
hou
sed
in th
ree
diffe
rent
type
sof
loca
l
entit
ies:
(a)
com
mun
ity a
ctio
n ag
enci
es. (
h) c
ount
y'go
vern
men
ts, a
nd (
c) n
on-p
rofit
orga
niza
tions
ser
v-
ing
child
ren
and
yout
h (e
.g.,
YW
CA
).
The
sta
te h
as a
llow
ed fo
r di
vers
ity a
ndfle
xibi
lity
in o
rgan
izat
iona
l str
uctu
re o
f the
FaD
SS
pro
gram
.
Tho
se p
rogr
ams
affil
iate
d w
ith a
com
mun
ity-b
ased
or
non-
prof
it or
gani
zatio
n ar
eco
ntro
lled
by a
vol
un-
tars
loca
l gov
erni
ng h
oard
.P
rogr
ams
affil
iate
d w
ith a
pub
lic a
genc
y ha
ve a
loca
lly e
lect
ed g
over
ning
hoar
d. In
all
case
s, h
oard
s ar
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
rhi
ring
staf
f as
wel
l as
mam
'gin
g re
sour
ces.
In m
ost c
ases
.
the
FaD
SS
dire
ctor
rep
orts
to th
e di
rect
orof
the
hom
e ag
ency
, and
the
agen
cy d
irect
oris
acc
ount
able
to
the
loca
l boa
rd o
f dire
ctor
s. B
oard
mee
tings
are
hel
d as
ofte
n as
eve
ry w
eek
and
asin
freq
uent
ly a
s ev
ery
si \
wee
ks.
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
The
boa
rds
of d
irect
ors
for
Fam
ilyD
evel
opm
ent a
ndS
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
Pro
gram
s ha
ve c
onsi
dera
ble
deci
sion
mak
ing
auth
ority
in e
stab
lishi
ng p
olic
y an
dde
velo
ping
str
ateg
ic p
lans
for
thei
r lo
cal p
rogr
ams.
FaD
SS
pro
gram
s ar
e in
tend
ed to
mee
t the
spec
ific
need
s of
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es a
ccor
ding
to a
set
ofpa
ram
eter
s es
tabl
ishe
d by
the
stat
eth
at in
clud
es a
list
of c
hara
cter
istic
s of
pot
entia
l lon
g te
rmre
cipi
ents
of
AF
DC
. Cha
ract
eris
tics
incl
ude:
teen
age
preg
nanc
y.si
ngle
fem
ale
head
s of
hou
seho
ld w
ith fo
ur o
r m
ore
child
ren,
and
rec
urrin
g ep
isod
es o
f AF
DC
-elig
ibili
ty.
Loca
l boa
rds
use
thes
e in
dica
tors
to ta
rget
part
icul
arpo
pula
tions
in d
esig
ning
thei
r pr
ogra
ms.
Pro
gram
also
mus
t he
desi
gned
with
in th
eph
iloso
phic
alfr
amew
ork
esta
blis
hed
by th
e st
ate
(i.e.
. pro
gram
ssh
ould
he
fann
ly c
ente
red
and
Ile \
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Acc
ount
abili
ty.1
he
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Rig
hts.
toge
th-
ciith
the
stat
e-le
vel F
amily
Dev
elop
-m
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suff
icie
ncy
Cou
ncil,
mon
i-to
rs c
asel
oad
aria
nce
and
qual
ity o
f,s
erk
ice
Gra
ntee
s m
ust p
rovi
de q
uart
erly
lepo
rts
of a
ctki
ties
and
a m
onth
ly f
inan
-ci
al r
epor
t. A
lso,
the
Cou
ncil
man
date
sth
at a
sta
te h
aiso
n co
nduc
t an
on-s
ite \k
itto
eac
h si
te in
eac
h l.a
DSS
pro
gram
onc
ea R
ased
on
info
rmat
ion
gath
ered
fro
nt th
elo
cal p
rogr
ams.
a g
rant
rei
e% c
omm
ittee
mak
es R
..com
men
datio
ns f
or a
ctio
n to
the
FaD
SS C
ounc
il. T
here
mre
no
spec
ial
iesa
ids
ot in
cent
i es
for
prog
ram
s th
atac
hie
e th
eir
outc
omes
. How
eer,
pro
-ra
ins
that
ihi n
ot a
chie
e ey
eete
d ou
t-co
mes
are
not
re-
fund
ed.
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsT
he p
rim
ary
func
tion
carr
ied
out b
y ea
ch F
amily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-Su
ffic
ienc
y pr
o-je
ct is
the
deliv
ery
or c
ontr
actin
g of
ser
vice
s (s
ee s
ectio
n, S
ervi
ce D
eliv
ery)
. Oth
er e
ssen
-tia
l fun
ctio
ns in
clud
e as
sess
ing
and
eval
uatin
g lo
cal p
ohcy
, coo
rdin
atin
g in
tera
genc
yitc
h\ it
y in
the
com
mun
ity. a
nd c
olle
ctin
g an
d di
ssem
inat
ing
loca
l dat
a.
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es51
1140
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yM
c F
amily
Des
elo
pmen
t and
Sel
f-S
uffic
ienc
y P
rogr
am a
ttem
pts
to im
plem
ent a
-on
e-st
opsh
oppi
ng-
mod
el o
f ser
ice
delis
ery
for
fam
ilies
. A m
ajor
ser
vice
, the
refo
re, i
s th
e pr
ovis
ion
ofin
form
atio
n to
ena
ble
clie
nts
to id
entif
y ,
loca
te, a
nd o
btai
n av
aila
ble
serv
ices
in a
qui
ck a
ndtim
ely
man
ner.
Som
e of
the
(Mee
t ser
\ ice
s th
at c
lient
s ga
in a
cces
s to
thro
ugh
FaD
SS
incl
ude:
in-h
ome
case
man
agem
ent t
.hild
car
e. fa
mily
cou
nsel
ing,
tran
spor
tatio
n. p
aren
t edu
catio
n, a
nd tu
torin
g.S
e\ e
ral p
roje
ct\ h
me
on-s
ite c
apab
ilitie
s, s
imila
r to
thos
e in
the
fam
ily c
ente
r m
odel
, tha
t allo
wst
all t
o co
nduc
t gro
up a
cti%
itie
sith
clie
nts.
FaD
SS
sta
ff re
ceke
spe
cial
ized
trai
ning
in fa
mily
elop
men
t fro
m th
e U
nive
rsity
of I
owa
to p
repa
re th
em to
ser
ve c
lient
s in
this
set
ting.
1
_.
Fun
ding
The
Fam
ily D
evel
opm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suf
ficie
ncy
Pro
gram
is a
com
petit
ive
gran
t pro
gram
. Afte
rth
e in
itial
gra
nt is
aw
arde
d. g
rant
ees
mus
t sub
mit
a re
new
al p
ropo
sal e
ach
year
. Bas
ic fu
ndin
g im
FaD
SS
pro
gram
s is
pro
vide
d th
roug
h st
ate
appr
o-pr
iatio
n, a
nd fu
nds
are
then
allo
cate
d to
eac
h pr
o-je
ct b
y th
e F
aDS
S C
ounc
il.
Fun
ding
als
o is
coo
rdin
ated
with
the
Fed
eral
JOB
S p
rogr
am, w
hich
pro
vide
s a
50'4
mat
ch o
fal
l loc
al m
onie
s fr
om s
tate
, cou
nty,
and
city
.H
owev
er, t
hese
fede
ral f
unds
can
onl
y he
spe
nt o
nfa
mili
es e
ligib
le fo
r th
e JO
BS
pro
gram
.
Fin
ally
, FaD
SS
pro
gram
s re
ceke
add
ition
alI u
nds
from
loca
l sou
rces
suc
h as
the
Uni
ted
Way
,ch
urch
es, c
ount
y go
vern
men
t, co
rpor
atio
ns. a
ndin
divi
dual
s.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nS
urse
y re
sear
ch h
as b
een
cond
ucte
d w
ith F
amily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-S
uffic
ienc
y P
rogr
am p
artic
ipan
ts.
One
suc
h st
udy
com
pare
d F
aDS
S fa
mili
es w
ith a
con
trol
gro
up o
f sim
ilar
fam
ilies
who
had
not
rec
eive
d fa
m-
ily d
es e
lopm
ent s
er ic
es. A
com
paris
on w
as m
ade
betw
een
the
two
grou
ps b
y ex
amin
ing
diffe
renc
es in
the
t \ p
es o
f job
s th
e ad
ults
acq
uire
d. T
he fi
ndin
gs in
dica
ted.
for
exam
ple.
that
onc
e in
divi
dual
s ha
dpa
rtic
ipat
edin
fam
ily d
es e
lopm
ent,
they
wer
e m
ore
cons
ciou
s of
ben
efit
pack
ages
. It w
as fo
und
that
FaD
SS
par
ticip
ants
\\ er
e no
t as
likcl
y as
indi
sidu
als
in th
e co
ntro
l gro
up to
acc
ept j
obs
that
did
n't
have
hea
lth b
enef
its.
Oth
er d
ata
colle
cted
in S
epte
mbe
r I 9
90. b
ased
on
360
fam
ilies
from
eig
ht d
iffer
ent p
roje
ct s
ites,
yie
lded
the
follo
w in
g ch
arac
teris
tic\ o
f FaD
SS
fam
ilies
: (a)
25
(.4.
wer
e vi
ctim
s of
phy
sica
l abu
se, (
1) 2
6q w
ere
vict
ims
01 s
exua
l abu
se o
r in
cest
, (c)
wer
e ch
ildre
n of
alc
ohol
ics,
and
till
25e4
wer
e cu
rren
t vic
tims
of d
omes
tic\ i
olen
ce. R
esul
ts o
f thi
s st
udy
are
sign
ifica
nt: t
hey
conf
irm th
e be
lief t
hat t
here
are
ofte
n ot
her
need
s th
atm
ust b
e m
et b
efor
e pe
ople
can
suc
cess
fully
see
k ga
infu
l em
ploy
men
t.
Oth
er d
ata
colle
cted
b\ g
rant
ees
incl
ude
clie
nt c
hara
cter
istic
s (e
.g.,
age.
gen
der,
rac
e. d
isab
ility
), s
peci
fic s
er-
\ ice
. pro
\ idc
d. a
nd n
umbe
r of
clie
nts
set-
se&
Sla
lktic
s ba
sed
on th
ese
data
are
com
pile
d an
d us
ed in
sev
eral
diffe
rent
way
.. in
clud
ing
for
fund
ing
purp
oses
. A la
rge-
scal
e, in
depe
nden
t eva
luat
ion
sk il
l he
com
plet
ed a
ndre
leas
ed in
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s53
Con
tact
Per
sons
Bet
te C
rum
nne.
Pro
gram
Man
ager
Faim
ly D
eelo
pmen
tSe
lf-S
ul f
icie
ncy
Prog
ram
isio
n of
C'o
mm
unity
Act
ion
Age
ncie
sD
epar
unen
t of
Hum
an R
ight
s.u
cas
Bui
ldin
gD
es N
loin
es. I
A 5
031(
)(5
I 5
) '4
P-58
95
Rod
ney
K. I
luen
eman
n. C
hief
Bur
eau
of C
omm
unity
Ser
% ic
esis
ion
of (
'om
mun
ity ,N
ctio
n A
genc
ies
)epa
i flu
ent o
lI
huna
n R
ight
s.u
cas
Bui
ldin
g)e
s M
oine
s, I
A 5
0 ; o
1C15
12s1
lost
iL
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sA
n im
port
ant f
eatu
re o
f th
e Fa
mily
Dee
lopm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suff
icie
ncy
Prog
ram
is it
s fo
cus
on th
efa
mily
rat
her
than
the
indi
vidu
al. T
he F
aDSS
pro
gram
eve
n w
orks
with
"si
gnif
ican
t oth
ers-
(i.e
..an
yone
1k
ing
unde
r th
e sa
me
roof
w it
h a
fam
ily)
as m
embe
rs o
f th
e fa
mih
. Set
ting
goal
s fo
r an
dw
orki
ng w
ith th
e fa
mily
as
a un
it ar
e em
phas
i/ed.
Ano
ther
impo
rtan
t fea
ture
is th
e m
echa
nism
t'or
con
trol
ling
case
load
si/e
. As
stat
ed e
arlie
r, d
ue to
the
inte
nsity
of
the
prog
ram
. the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Rig
hts
and
the
stat
e-le
vel F
aDSS
Cou
ncil
toge
ther
mon
itor
case
load
var
ianc
e an
d qu
ality
of
serv
ice.
Thi
s m
echa
nism
pro
vide
s th
e tim
e th
atw
orke
rs n
eed
to g
o in
to h
inri
es a
nd e
stab
lish
rela
tions
hips
with
thei
r cl
ient
fam
ilies
. It a
lso
prov
ides
them
the
time
and
flex
ibili
ty to
add
ress
the
sari
ety
of n
eeds
that
fam
ilies
exp
erie
nce.
Sta
te R
ole
A s
tate
can
bes
t sup
port
an
initi
ativ
e su
ch a
s lo
w a
'sFa
mily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-Su
ffic
ienc
y Pr
ogra
m b
ypr
oidi
ng in
form
atio
n an
d as
sist
ance
in th
e ar
eas
that
are
key
to lo
cal s
ucce
ss, s
uch
as in
tera
genc
y co
llabo
ratio
nan
d cl
ient
and
fam
ily tr
acki
ng.
De\
elo
ping
and
impl
emen
ting
an c
\alu
atio
n co
mpo
nent
is c
ritic
al. S
ome
form
of
mea
sure
men
t is
help
ful a
s a
feed
back
mec
hani
sm to
loca
l pro
gram
s as
wel
l as
a to
olfo
r m
akin
g st
ate-
leve
l dec
isio
ns.
It is
als
oita
l tha
t the
sta
te is
res
pect
ful a
nd s
uppo
rtis
eof
loca
l pri
oriti
es, j
ust a
s pr
ovid
ers
mus
t be
resp
ectf
ulan
d su
ppor
tke
of f
amili
es. T
hese
par
alle
l pro
cess
es o
fsu
ppor
t hel
p m
ake
the
prog
ram
suc
cess
ful.
iFi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
Ken
tuck
y
FA
MIL
Y R
ES
OU
RC
E C
EN
TE
RS
AN
D Y
OU
TH
SE
RV
ICE
SC
EN
TE
RS
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s I-
1B
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E
55
His
tory
In N
oY e
mbe
r 19
85, a
gro
up o
f 66
Ken
tuck
y sc
hool
dis
tric
tsfo
rmed
the
Cou
ncil
for
Bet
ter
Edu
catio
n an
d fi
led
a la
wsu
itch
alle
ngin
g th
e eq
uity
and
ade
quac
y of
sta
te f
unds
for
edu
ca-
tion.
In
Oct
ober
198
8. th
e Fr
ankl
in C
ircu
it C
ourt
rul
ed in
the
coun
cil's
las
or. d
ecla
ring
not
that
the
stat
e's
educ
atio
nt i
nanc
e sy
ste
m w
as in
equi
tabl
e bu
t rat
her
inef
fici
ent (
the
stat
e co
nstit
utio
n re
quir
es a
n "e
ffic
ient
sys
tem
of
com
mon
scho
ols"
). T
he s
tate
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y ap
peal
ed. c
reat
ing
the
cour
t cas
e no
w k
now
n a
s C
ounc
il Pr
Bet
ter
Edu
catio
nR
MC
In
hine
198
9. th
e K
entu
cky
Supr
eme
Cou
rt r
uled
on
the
appe
al. a
nd it
s ju
dgm
ent w
ent w
ell b
eyon
d th
e fi
scal
inef
fi-
cien
cy e
lhug
ed b
y th
e lo
wer
cou
rt. T
he h
igh
cour
t rul
ed th
atal
l sta
tute
s !e
late
d to
edu
catio
n w
ere
unco
nstit
utio
nal i
n th
atno
ne e
teat
ed d
ie r
equi
red
effi
cien
t sys
tem
of
com
mon
sch
ools
.Su
prem
e C
ourt
als
o es
plie
itly
decl
ared
that
the
educ
atio
n\te
m \s
,ts th
e I
espO
nsib
tlit o
f th
e G
cue
ral
Ass
embl
y.
\I
ask
Toi
ce o
n E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
was
cre
ated
in J
uly
1989
to p
ros
ide
teco
mm
enda
tions
to th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly.
It c
on-
sist
ed L
it sl
ytee
n m
embe
rs o
f th
e I
lous
e an
d Se
nate
(in
clud
ing
the
chai
rmen
ot t
he S
enat
e an
d H
ouse
Fdu
catio
n C
omm
ittee
s)A
ndI
t!pp
mnt
ec. o
f fo
rme!
( i o
\ ern
or W
alla
ce G
.ilk
inso
n.I
IL c
o ch
airs
wer
e Sp
eake
t Don
ald
J. 1
31an
dfor
dL
ind
Sena
tor
John
\. "
Eck
" R
ose
(Pre
side
nt P
ro .1
c111
). T
hree
com
mut
ees
on c
urri
culu
m, g
oYer
nanc
e. a
nd f
inan
ce, f
orm
edby
the
Fask
For
ce. w
orke
d to
des
elo
p eo
ncep
ts a
nd p
ropo
sals
for
cons
idel
afio
n. A
fin
al r
epor
t was
ado
pted
in M
arch
199
0.an
d th
e (
iene
ral
\ ssi
mih
ly in
corp
oiat
ed ti
ns w
ork
and
a fm
id-
ing
11tu
i int
o H
ouse
kill
940
(11
13
94(1
. the
Ken
tuck
ydu
catio
n R
efor
m A
ct o
fI
990
f.ss
filc
h pa
ssed
in A
plif
loop
and
beca
me
law
in J
ul\ 1
990.
'the
dcs
mon
to c
stab
h sh
1 a
nnk
Res
ouic
e L
ind
You
th S
ery
ices
Cen
ters
ther
eatte
r ie
leir
ed to
as
Cen
ters
Iin
sch
ools
was
aes
pous
e to
a n
umbe
r of
nee
ds id
entif
ied
as th
e G
enci
al\s
sem
hly
wor
ked
on 1
111
910
isce
sec
tion.
fiss
ion
& G
oals
).I
194
11 o
utfi
ned
the
conc
eot a
nd th
e le
gal i
nten
t of
the
Cen
ters
. Lui
d es
tabl
ishe
d an
hi
rage
ncy
Tas
k Fo
rce
on 1
am
ityou
th 's
ets
ices
Cen
tel s
to d
es c
lop
a Ik
e ye
a!pl
an to
t the
Yol
unta
ty c
reat
ion
uid
impl
emen
tatio
n ol
Cen
tel.
at s
choo
l site
s.It
is a
ntic
ipat
ed th
at, y
s itI
nn lo
ur to
Ike
y e
ats.
all s
choo
ls th
at a
lesy
ill !
lase
a C
ente
r.
'th
Mis
sion
& G
oals
A n
umbe
r of
rel
ated
nee
ds m
erge
d to
cre
ate
the
mis
sion
beh
ind
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ters
. Fir
st, t
he K
entu
cky
Supr
eme
Cou
rt 1
989
rulin
g on
Cou
ncil
for
Bet
ter
Edu
catio
nR
OA
('
defi
ned
an "
adeq
uate
edu
catio
n- a
s on
e th
at d
evel
ops
seve
n sp
ecif
ic c
apac
ities
in c
hild
ren.
The
se s
even
capa
citie
s fo
rm th
e fr
amew
ork
for
the
new
edu
catio
nal s
yste
m c
reat
ed in
HB
94(
1. O
ne o
f th
e ca
paci
ties
is "
suff
icie
nt s
elf-
know
ledg
e an
d kn
owle
dge
of o
ne's
men
tal a
nd p
hysi
cal w
elln
ess.
- T
his
capa
city
cre
-at
es a
dir
ect l
inka
ge b
etw
een
a ch
ild's
men
tal a
nd p
hysi
cal h
ealth
and
his
or
her
educ
atio
n.
Seco
nd. t
he C
ounc
il on
Sch
ool P
erfo
rman
ce S
tand
ards
(es
tabl
ishe
d in
ear
ly 1
989
by f
orm
er G
over
nor
Wilk
inso
n) h
ad p
rodu
ced
a se
t of
lear
ning
goa
ls. o
utco
mes
, and
ass
essm
ents
app
ropr
iate
to th
e ne
eds
ofst
uden
ts in
to th
e 21
st c
entu
ry. T
hese
goa
ls in
clud
e tw
o as
soci
ated
with
phy
sica
l. m
enta
l, an
d em
otio
nal
(I
dem
onst
rate
s se
lf-s
uffi
cien
cy, a
nd (
2) d
emon
stra
tes
resp
onsi
ble
grou
p m
embe
rshi
p. T
heal
ued
outc
omes
rel
ated
to th
ese
goal
s ad
dres
s ch
ildre
n's
need
s 1.
(w p
hysi
cal a
nd m
enta
l hei
tIth
kno
wl-
edge
.
Thi
rd, 1
113
9-10
incl
udes
a s
tate
nien
t reg
ardi
ng th
e ne
ed I
i w th
e ed
ucat
iona
l sys
tem
to "
redu
se th
e ph
ysi-
cal a
nd m
enta
l bar
rier
s to
lear
ning
.- F
inal
ly, s
ome
key
legi
slat
ors
wer
e fr
om m
ajor
met
ropo
litan
are
assy
her
e th
e co
ncer
tis o
f lo
w-i
ncot
ne c
onst
ituen
ts w
ere
a hi
gh p
rior
ity.
All
of th
ese
forc
es c
ony
aged
to c
reat
e a
cons
ensu
s on
the
need
for
sch
ools
to d
eal w
ith
emot
iona
l,he
alth
, or
othe
r no
n-ac
adem
ic p
robl
ems
that
mig
ht a
ffec
t chi
ldre
n's
lear
ning
. A s
choo
l-ba
sed
Cen
ter
conc
ept l
as
sele
cted
as
the
way
to a
ddre
ss th
is n
eed.
The
sta
ted
mis
sion
of
the
Cen
ters
is "
to p
rom
ote
the
flow
of
reso
urce
s an
d su
ppor
t to
fam
ilies
in w
ay s
tost
reng
then
the
func
tioni
ng a
nd e
nhan
ce th
e gr
ow th
and
des
elo
pmen
tI.
the
indi
sidu
al m
embe
rs a
nd th
efa
nnly
uni
t.- A
n el
emen
tal:\
sch
ool i
n w
hich
20'
(or
inur
e of
the
stud
ent b
ody
are
elig
ible
for
fre
esc
hool
inea
ls c
an a
pply
to e
stab
lish
a Fa
mily
Res
ourc
e C
ente
r on
or
near
the
scho
ol s
ite. A
mid
dle
orhi
gh s
choo
l tha
t mee
ts th
e sa
me
crite
rion
can
est
ablis
h a
You
th S
ers
ices
Cen
ter.
The
Cen
ters
are
am
echa
nism
for
ens
urin
g th
at s
ers
ices
are
as
aila
ble
to c
hild
ren
(and
thei
r fa
mili
es)
in o
rder
to h
elp
them
aeln
eYe
lear
ning
out
com
es a
nd to
ass
ist t
he s
choo
ls in
ach
iesi
ng r
elat
ed s
yste
m o
utco
mes
. In
any
Cen
ter
fund
ed b
y th
e st
ate,
all
child
ren
in th
e sc
hool
are
elig
ible
for
set
:\ ic
es f
rom
the
Cen
ter.
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he u
ltim
ate
outc
ome
inte
nded
thro
ugh
the
esta
blis
hmen
t and
ope
ratio
n of
Tam
il\ R
esou
rce
and
You
th S
as ic
es C
ente
l s is
the
!edu
ctio
n of
phi
\sic
iIan
d m
enta
l ban
iers
to le
atni
ng.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
UA
W:7
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
Cen
ters
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ters
'
Col
labo
ratio
nK
entu
cky'
s F
amil
\ Res
ourc
e an
d Y
outh
Ser
t ice
sC
ente
rs a
re f
unde
d th
roug
h th
e 1)
epar
tmen
t 01'
Ilduc
atum
. but
the
Cab
inet
of H
uman
Res
ourc
es(t
he a
genc
y th
at h
ouse
s al
l hum
an s
er\ i
ces
depa
rtm
ents
t ad
min
iste
rs th
e pr
(Tra
llis.
Thi
s co
l-la
hora
tis e
rel
atio
nshi
p en
able
s th
e C
ente
rs.
thou
gh 1
0...a
ted
at ,.
.cho
ols.
to ta
p in
to a
n) a
gent
:),
set-
\ ic
e, o
r pr
ogra
m u
nder
the
purt
iew
of t
heC
abin
et o
f Hum
an R
esou
rce.
, (C
HR
). T
heC
abin
et h
as o
btai
ned
addi
tiona
l fed
eral
dol
lars
tor
smal
l res
earc
h ac
tit it
ies
and
trai
ning
of
Cen
tel c
oord
inat
ors
or o
ther
Cen
ter
slat
. f. A
Is\ o
-\ e
at g
rim(
Irom
the
Mot
tF
ound
atio
n se
nds
Cen
ter
coor
tlina
tors
to 1
-lint
. Nlic
higa
n. fo
r a
wct
..1. o
f tra
inin
g in
how
to w
ork
with
a c
omm
unt-
t\ ..\
gia
nt fr
om th
e P
est 1
-oun
datio
n is
desi
gnat
-
ed lo
t im
plem
enta
tion
rese
arch
and
trai
ning
.
man
d,ite
d co
llabo
ratio
n he
m c
ell t
he D
epar
tmen
tIf
h.du
catio
n an
d C
HR
at t
he s
tate
lete
l has
enco
urag
ed a
nd fa
cilit
ated
col
labo
ratio
n at
the
loca
l let
el b
etw
een
.,..h
ools
or
dist
rict,,
and
soc
ial
-.en
ice
agen
oes
Son
ic. C
ente
rs a
lso
are
wor
king
st it
h re
gion
al m
enta
l hea
lth c
ente
rsth
at a
le fu
nded
thro
ugh
011,
..r g
otei
nmen
tal p
rogr
ams.
eith
erla
te o
r itA
k'Ll
i.
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
Inte
rage
ncy
Tas
k F
orce
on
Fam
il) R
e,,o
urce
and
You
th S
et's
ices
Cen
ters
st i
ll co
ntin
-
ue to
func
tion
until
Dec
embe
r 31
. 199
5. It
spr
imar
y fu
nctio
n is
to d
esel
op a
sta
tew
ide
netw
ork
of C
emer
s in
sch
ools
and
dis
tric
ts. S
peci
fic r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s in
clud
e: r
exie
win
gdi
stric
t gra
nt a
pplic
atio
ns a
nd r
ecom
men
ding
aw
ards
to th
e S
ecre
tar\
of th
e C
abin
et o
f!In
man
Res
ourc
es. m
onito
ring
prog
ress
. ret
isin
g th
e im
plem
enta
tion
plan
as
need
ed, a
nd
mak
ing
an a
nnua
l rep
ort a
nd r
ecom
men
datio
ns to
the
Sec
reta
r\of
CH
R a
nd th
e
Go\
ern
or.
sk F
orce
mem
bers
ret
iew
dis
tric
t gra
nt a
pplic
atio
ns b
ased
on
inpu
t fro
m a
pane
l of 4
0-
\ olu
ntee
rs r
epre
sent
ing
publ
ic a
nd p
ris a
tese
rvic
e pr
os id
ers,
com
mun
it) a
ctio
ngr
oups
. hig
her
educ
atio
n. a
nd o
ther
stak
ehol
deis
. Thi
s pr
oces
s ef
fect
ivel
y re
mos
es
the
awar
ding
of C
ente
r gr
ants
from
the
polit
ical
pro
cess
and
loca
l la\
oriti
sm.
Nla
jor
func
tions
of C
HR
incl
ude:
coo
rdin
atin
g th
e st
ate-
le\ e
l pro
gram
and
polic
). c
reat
-in
g ad
min
istr
atis
e re
gula
tions
that
est
ablis
h cr
iteria
for
awar
ding
dist
rict g
rant
s, a
nd p
ro-
\ idi
ng c
imsu
ltatio
n an
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
dist
ricts
and
Cen
ters
. The
Cab
inet
als
o pe
r-
form
s th
e fo
llow
ing
adm
inis
trat
ive
func
tions
: (al
det
clo
ps(a
nd r
cvis
es a
s ne
eded
) a
Com
mon
par
enta
l con
sent
form
fOr
Cen
ter
use.
Olt
faci
litat
es in
form
atio
n sh
arin
g w
ithin
the
netw
ork.
lc)
awar
ds d
istr
ict g
rant
s th
roug
h co
ntra
cts.
Rh
arra
nges
for
Cen
ter
stal
ltr
aini
ng, l
et c
ompi
les
stat
es\ i
de d
ata.
(1)
mon
itors
Cen
ter
actis
itie
s. (
Infa
cilit
ates
the
de\ e
lopn
ient
of n
es\ f
undi
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties,
and
t In
arr
ange
skW
Inte
rage
nc)
Tas
k F
orce
mee
tings
. CH
R a
lso
assi
sts
the
netw
ork
of C
ente
rsby
mai
ntai
ning
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ithna
tiona
l and
oth
er s
tate
org
ani/a
tions
or
prog
ram
s. a
nd h
oldi
ng a
nan
nual
con
fere
nce
to
show
case
e \e
mpl
ary
prog
ram
s an
d di
ssem
inat
e m
ater
ials
.
Sta
te-le
t el d
ecis
ionm
aker
s de
mon
stra
te c
omm
itmen
t to
the
MIC
Ce.
.ss
of th
e C
ente
rs, s
ome-
times
situ
p!)
thro
ugh
com
mun
icat
ing
the
espe
ctat
ion
that
all
stat
e an
d lo
cal p
eopl
e sh
ould
dem
onst
rate
the
sam
e co
mm
itmen
t. F
or e
sam
ple.
the
See
n:W
ryor
lk W
ill a
lette
r to
all
loca
l hum
an s
et \
ices
em
plo)
ces
emph
asui
ng th
eir
tole
mth
e sc
hool
s an
d st
atin
g th
e
e \p
ecta
tion
that
the)
wou
ld p
artic
ipat
e in
the
Cen
ter
initi
ant e
hse
rt in
g on
a lo
cal a
ds i-
sm-)
cou
ncil
if as
ked.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
o uc
ture
s57
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
At t
he s
tate
leve
l. th
e In
tera
genc
y T
ask
For
ce o
n F
amily
Res
ourc
e an
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s C
ente
rs w
as fi
rst c
haire
d by
the
Sec
reta
ry o
f CH
R. D
r. H
arry
J.C
owhe
rd. T
he T
ask
For
ce c
onsi
sts
of 1
6 m
embe
rs r
epre
sent
ing
each
of t
he fo
llow
ing
depa
rtm
ents
or
cabi
nets
: edu
catio
n, e
mpl
oym
ent s
ervi
ces,
hea
lthse
rvic
es. m
enta
l hea
lth a
nd m
enta
l ret
arda
tion,
soc
ial s
ervi
ces,
soc
ial i
nsur
ance
, wor
k fo
rce
deve
lopm
ent (
i.e.,
adul
t and
voc
atio
nal e
duca
tion)
. and
jus-
tice.
The
rem
aind
er o
f the
mem
bers
are
rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
loca
l com
mun
ity a
ctio
n ag
enci
es. l
ocal
hea
lth d
epar
tmen
ts, a
nd o
ther
ent
ities
spe
cifie
d in
stat
ute.
Thi
s ta
sk fo
rce
crea
ted
a ba
sic
fram
ewor
k fo
r th
e st
ruct
ure
and
man
agem
ent o
f the
Cen
ters
. The
fram
ewor
k in
clud
es b
road
gui
delin
es fo
r th
ees
tabl
ishm
ent o
f a lo
cal a
dvis
ory
coun
cil.
but t
here
is th
e im
plic
it as
sum
ptio
n th
at th
ere
is n
o m
odel
Cen
ter.
A C
ente
r is
inte
nded
to r
efle
ct th
ene
eds
and
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
scho
ol p
opul
atio
n. th
e co
mm
unity
pop
ulat
ion.
and
the
advi
sory
cou
ncil
at th
at p
artic
ular
loca
tion.
11 th
e lo
cal l
evel
. sch
ools
or
dist
ricts
that
app
ly fo
r a
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ter
gran
t may
hav
ea
loca
l adv
isor
y, b
ody
of a
n) s
ize,
but o
ne th
ird o
f the
mem
bers
mus
t be
pare
nts
of s
tude
nts
in th
e el
igib
le s
choo
hs).
The
se p
aren
ts m
ust h
e st
rictly
par
ent r
epre
sent
ativ
es. t
hat i
s,no
t ate
aL h
er in
the
scho
ol s
s ho
is a
par
ent,
or a
loca
l hea
lth d
epar
tmen
t em
ploy
ee w
ho is
a p
aren
t. A
lso,
par
ent m
embe
rshi
p m
ust r
efle
ctth
e so
cioe
cono
mic
and
i ela
l dis
ers
itv o
f the
. com
mun
ity.
t)tit
h tie
rs ic
e C
ente
rs s
ervi
ng in
iddl
e or
high
sch
ool s
tude
nts
shou
ld h
ave
MO
sill
-de
nt r
epre
sent
atis
CS
. lie
vond
this
, loc
alad
s is
mou
ncils
incl
ude
scho
ol s
taff
inem
beis
ss
ho a
re r
epre
sent
atis
e o
f the
tacu
ltv a
nd s
taff.
Itis
sug
gest
ed th
atsc
hool
s w
ith s
peci
al p
rogr
ams
(e.g
.. dr
op-
out p
iese
ntio
n. c
onun
uMty
edu
catio
n.P
aren
t and
('h
ild E
duca
tion,
dru
g ed
uLa-
tion
IIn
clud
e re
pres
enta
tis e
s fr
om th
ose
piog
iam
s. F
inal
ly. t
he c
omm
unity
at
Loge
sho
uld
be r
epre
slm
ted.
incl
udin
gan
y lo
cal.
publ
ic (
if pr
ivat
e se
t-%
ice
ov id
ers
Ic g
.. he
alth
dep
artm
ent.
men
tal
heal
th-m
enta
l ret
arda
tion
eent
er. l
ocal
CIIR
CO
ninl
initt
act
ion
agen
cy.
child
\ car
e pr
os id
ers,
Riti
ce !.
...te
m)
s1el
l as
othe
r co
mm
unity
mem
bers
mic
iest
ed in
edu
catio
n.
Iel
lstil
eoa
d ie
pres
enta
tion
or a
llst
akeh
olde
rs o
n th
e lo
cal a
d. is
m\ e
ounc
il,co
nim
unit
Can
est
ablis
h a
num
ber
ofst
ihei
toip
s s%
hos
e le
ader
ship
are
mem
bers
ol tl
....,K
1Sis
ot c
ounc
il.
71;-
:',-,
L'J
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
The
sch
ool o
r di
stric
t's lo
cal a
dvis
ory
coun
cil i
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r de
cisi
ons
rela
ted
to p
repa
ring
its a
pplic
atio
n fo
r fu
nds
from
the
stat
e to
est
ablis
h an
d m
anag
e a
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
or Y
outh
Ser
vice
s C
ente
r. T
he lo
cal a
pplic
atio
n fo
r fu
ndin
g is
toin
clud
e a
plan
out
linin
g a
prog
ram
mod
el d
evel
oped
hy
the
ad\ i
sory
cou
ncil,
bas
ed o
n th
e re
sults
of a
com
mun
ity p
lann
ing
irtic
css
that
acc
ompl
ishe
s th
ree
task
s:
hi\ e
ntor
ies
curr
ent s
ervi
ces
avai
labl
e in
the
loca
l are
a to
sup
port
fam
ilies
Ass
esse
s -le
ss fo
rmal
com
mun
ity-b
ased
org
ani/a
tions
and
res
ourc
es"
that
cou
ld p
artic
ipat
e in
ser
vice
pro
visi
on
Iden
tifie
s un
met
nee
ds a
nd g
aps
in s
uppo
rts
and
serv
ices
for
child
ren,
you
th. a
nd fa
mili
es.
The
pla
n de
scrib
es ll
oW, t
he C
ente
r w
ill b
e or
gani
zed.
its
goal
s an
d ob
ject
ives
(w
hich
diff
er b
etw
een
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
Cen
ters
and
You
th S
ervi
ce (
'ent
ers)
, and
the
serv
ices
to h
e pr
ovid
ed b
y or
acc
esse
d th
roug
h th
e C
ente
r.
The
adv
isor
y co
unci
l est
ablis
hes
job
dutie
s an
d id
entif
ies
nece
ssar
y sk
ills
and
abili
ties
of C
ente
r st
aff,
base
d on
the
spec
ific
natu
re o
f the
Cen
ter's
pla
nned
ser
vice
s an
d ac
tiviti
es. T
he In
tera
genc
y T
ask
For
ce's
Sta
te Im
plem
enta
tion
Pla
n st
ates
that
."T
he e
xpec
tatio
n is
that
at a
min
imum
a C
ente
r w
ill h
ave
a fu
ll-tim
e st
aff m
embe
rC
ente
r co
ordi
nato
rl....
who
isre
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e ov
ersi
ght o
f the
pro
gram
. The
re is
no
pres
umpt
ion
that
oth
er s
taff
wou
ld b
e fu
ll-tim
e no
r th
at ih
ey w
ould
he e
mpl
oyee
s of
the
Cen
ter.
Inno
vativ
e co
llabo
rativ
e st
affin
g pa
ttern
s ar
e en
cour
aged
and
in fa
ct w
ill m
axim
i/e th
e im
pact
of a
Cen
ter.
" C
ente
r st
aff a
re e
mpl
oyee
s of
the
scho
ol s
yste
m s
o. th
ough
the
loca
l cou
ncil
reco
mm
ends
sta
ff to
the
supe
rin-
tend
ent.
he/s
he d
oes
the
actu
al h
iring
. Thu
s fa
r. it
app
ears
that
sup
erin
tend
ents
are
fully
acc
eptin
g co
unci
l rec
omm
enda
tions
.
Onc
e fu
nded
by
the
stat
e, th
e C
ente
r's r
esou
rces
flow
thril
ugh
the
litca
l sch
iiol h
oard
: but
the
boar
d ca
nnot
cha
nge
the
advi
-so
ry c
ounc
il's
plan
for
Cen
ter
Sel
l, ic
es a
nd a
ctiv
ities
.
The
adv
isor
y co
unci
l ass
ists
Cen
ter
staf
f with
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f pro
cedu
res
for
obta
inin
g pa
rent
al c
onse
nt. c
omm
unic
atin
gin
form
atio
n ab
out C
ente
r se
rvic
es to
par
ents
and
gua
rdia
ns. a
nd c
ondu
ctin
g ef
fect
ive
outr
each
to p
aren
ts. S
uch
puic
edur
esin
clud
e m
akin
g ar
rang
emen
ts w
ith th
e sc
hool
dis
tric
t to
ensu
re th
at C
ente
r se
rvic
es a
nd a
ctiv
ities
are
ava
ilabl
e "o
n da
ys a
ndat
tim
es w
hich
offe
r th
e m
axim
um a
cces
sibi
lity
for
pare
nts.
chi
ldre
n, a
nd fa
mili
es."
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Acc
ount
abili
tyE
ach
loca
l adx
isor
y co
unci
l dex
clo
ps a
n e.
alu
atio
n pl
an in
its
initi
al F
amily
Res
ourc
e or
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ter
prop
osal
. Eva
luat
ion
guid
elin
es a
re g
ener
al, t
houg
h th
e St
ate
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an V
fers
spe
cifi
c id
eas
for
the
type
s of
for
mat
ixe
and
sum
mat
ive
eval
uatio
n th
at C
ente
rs m
ight
use
. If
the
stat
e, in
rev
iew
ing
the
plan
.fin
ds a
mis
mat
ch h
etw
een
goal
s an
d th
e ev
alua
tion
plan
. tec
hnic
al a
ssis
tanc
e is
pro
vide
d. E
x al
uatio
n of
the
Cen
ter's
pro
-gr
am is
eon
duct
ed b
y th
e lo
cal a
dvis
ory
coun
cil,
and
the
resu
lts a
re in
corp
orat
ed in
the
follo
win
g ye
ar's
app
lica-
tion
fOr
cont
inue
d fu
ndin
g. A
ppro
xim
atel
y tw
elve
sta
ff f
ront
CH
R a
re a
vaila
ble
to p
rovi
de o
u-si
te te
chni
cal a
ssis
-ta
nce.
Cen
ters
w h
ose
ex a
luat
ions
indi
cate
d di
ffic
ultie
s in
199
1-92
wer
e fo
cuse
d on
by
staf
f du
ring
199
2-93
. It i
san
ticip
ated
that
I u
ndin
g in
the
futu
re w
ill b
e au
tom
atic
unl
ess
a C
ente
r cl
earl
y is
not
mee
ting
its g
oals
.
The
sta
te'.
gene
ral l
ppri
meh
to a
ccou
ntab
ility
is to
sup
port
the
Cen
ters
;ind
Im
o\ id
e th
e as
sist
ance
nec
essa
ry to
ena
ble
them
tohe
suc
cess
ful.
The
re is
a s
ensi
tivity
to th
e fa
ct th
at C
ente
r go
als
are
not s
tatic
. The
y m
ay c
hang
e m
er ti
me,
and
may
e e
nre
quite
rel
mem
ent d
urin
g a
sing
le im
plem
enta
tion
year
.
Ihe
stat
e al
so r
ecog
ni/e
s th
at o
utco
mes
that
are
eas
ily s
uppo
rt-
ed I
cc..
hy n
umbe
rs s
erx
edt m
ay h
e w
eak
or in
com
plet
e m
ea-
sUre
s of
per
loon
ance
dur
ing
the
earl
y ye
ars
of C
ente
r op
erat
ion.
For
exam
ple.
the
num
ber
of p
regn
ant s
tude
nts
sers
ed h
y a
Cen
ter
is a
n ea
sily
mea
sure
d ou
tcom
e; b
ut o
ne C
ente
r co
ordi
na-
tor
helie
es
that
-the
you
ng w
omen
ser
xed
in h
is C
ente
r be
nef
it-ed
in s
peci
fic
w a
y`, t
hat i
,111
he
mea
sure
d on
ly o
xer
time.
Com
pare
d to
pas
t yea
rs I
s he
n no
rec
ords
ss
cre
kepn
. he
belie
s es
the
oung
wom
en s
erse
d hy
the
Cen
ter
last
yea
r st
ayed
in s
choo
llo
ngcr
befo
reth
e bi
rth
ot th
eir
child
ren,
and
ret
urne
dto
sch
ool e
arlie
r. A
lso,
all
prob
ably
rec
eied
ear
lier
and
mor
eco
nsis
tent
pre
nata
l hea
lth c
are.
ss
hich
can
he
expe
cted
(bu
t not
yet p
loy
en)
to h
as e
a p
osiu
se im
pact
On
thei
r ch
ildre
n's
heal
than
d on
then
ow
n po
stpa
itum
hea
lth.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
e_.
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsT
he m
akir
fun
ctio
ns o
f th
e lo
cal a
dvis
ory
coun
cil a
re r
elat
ed to
the
dete
rmin
atio
n, p
lann
ing,
and
man
-ag
emen
t of
its F
amily
Res
ourc
e or
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ter.
A c
ounc
il al
so c
an c
olle
ct in
form
atio
n, c
on-
duct
loca
l sur
ses.
set
up
com
mun
icat
ion
netw
orks
, and
eng
age
in o
ther
act
iviti
es th
at s
uppo
rt th
eC
ente
r's f
unct
ions
.
A b
asic
pre
mis
e be
hind
the
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
Cen
ters
is th
at m
ost o
f th
e se
rvic
esch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es n
eed
exis
t in
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es o
r lo
cal a
reas
. hut
lack
coo
rdin
atio
n. T
here
has
been
no
link
forg
ed b
etw
een
loca
l ser
vice
pro
vide
rs a
nd s
choo
ls, y
et th
e sc
hool
may
be
the
sing
le m
ost
fam
iliar
pla
ce to
chi
ldre
n an
d ad
ults
in a
com
mun
ity. P
aren
ts m
ay h
e m
ore
will
ing
to c
ome
to s
choo
lth
an m
ans
othe
r pl
aces
whe
re s
ers
ices
mig
ht h
e of
fere
d. E
ven
thos
e pa
rent
s w
ho h
ave
had
had
expe
ri-
ence
s in
sch
ool m
ay f
eel i
t is
a na
tura
l pla
ce to
go
to g
et a
ssis
tanc
e fo
r th
eir
child
ren'
s ne
edsw
heth
ered
ucat
iona
l or
heal
th o
r ot
her.
Bas
ed o
n th
is a
ssum
ptio
n, th
e C
ente
rs' m
ajor
fun
ctio
n is
to "
prom
ote
iden
tific
atio
n an
d co
ordi
natio
n of
exis
ting
reso
urce
s- f
or c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
. Thi
s fu
nctio
n is
gro
unde
d in
a s
et o
f fo
ur s
hare
d pr
inci
-pl
es a
ndal
lies
abou
t fam
ilies
and
chi
ldre
n an
d th
e ty
pes
of ti
ssis
tanc
e th
at a
re m
ost u
sefu
l to
them
.T
he f
ollo
w in
g pr
inci
ples
wer
e se
t for
th b
y th
e C
urri
culu
m C
omm
ittee
of
the
Tas
k Fo
rce
on E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
. ss
hieh
em
phas
ired
them
as
fit n
dain
enta
l to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
e C
ente
rs:
I.A
ll ch
ildre
n ca
n le
arn,
and
mos
t at h
igh
leve
ls
Cre
ate
an a
tmos
pher
e th
at e
mpo
wer
s th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t (co
nsum
er)
to a
cqui
re th
e co
mpe
tenc
ies
nece
ssar
y. t
o in
eet t
he n
eeds
and
ach
ieve
the
goal
s of
atta
inin
g an
edu
catio
n
Des
clo
p an
inte
rage
ncy
focu
s
4A
ssur
e co
mm
unity
ow
ners
hip.
i 2 z
i59
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yF
amily
Res
ourc
e an
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s C
ente
rs a
re n
ot in
tend
ed to
be
plac
es w
here
peo
ple
go fo
r di
rect
ser
vice
s.th
ough
dire
ct s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery
is p
ossi
ble.
For
exa
mpl
e. s
ome
Cen
ters
offe
r m
eetin
gs fo
r gr
oups
of p
aren
ts to
dea
lith
par
ticul
ar is
sues
or
prov
ide
mut
ual s
uppo
rt. T
he a
ssum
ptio
n. a
gain
, is
that
man
y or
the
dire
ct s
ervi
ces
need
-ed
bs
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
are
as
aila
ble
in th
e lo
cal a
rea.
hut
ser
vice
coo
rdin
atio
n an
d ac
cess
are
not
.
The
pri:
nary
ser
s ic
e of
all
Cen
ters
is r
efer
ral a
nd fo
llow
-up
. Sec
tion
18 o
f FIB
940
spe
cifie
d a
num
ber
of c
ore
sers
ice
com
pone
nts
to b
e ad
dres
sed
by e
ach
Cen
ter.
A I
amily
eas
e m
anag
emen
t app
roac
h is
gen
eral
ly u
sed
addr
ess
thes
e co
mpo
nent
s. T
his
appr
oach
ins
olve
s no
t onl
y th
e ap
pro-
pria
te id
entif
icat
ion
of s
s ha
t a s
peci
fic c
hild
or
fam
ily n
eeds
, but
als
oth
e id
entif
icat
ion
of s
s ha
t the
sch
ool a
nd C
ente
r ne
ed to
do
in o
rder
tobu
ild a
nd m
aint
ain
wor
king
rel
atio
nshi
ps s
s nh
all
the
agen
cies
w h
ose
s,C
IA ic
es th
e\ m
ust a
cces
s.
Hie
cor
e se
rs ic
e co
mpo
nent
s th
at H
inds
Res
ourc
e C
ente
rs a
t the
de-
men
tars
sch
ool l
es e
l mus
t add
ress
incl
ude:
Ful
l-tim
e pr
esch
ool c
hild
car
e fo
r ch
ildre
n ts
s o
and
thre
ey
ears
of a
ge
11er
-sch
ool c
are
tor
child
ren
ages
four
thro
ugh
tw e
ls e
.V
, 101
tlk.
chi
ld e
ine
bein
g fu
ll-tim
e du
ring
the
sum
mer
and
on o
ther
cla
ss w
hen
sch
ool i
s no
t in
sess
ion
Fam
ihes
in tr
aini
ng. s
s hi
ch s
hall
cons
ist o
f an
inte
grat
edap
proa
ch to
hom
e s
isits
, gro
up m
eetin
gs a
nd m
onito
ring
told
des
elo
pmei
n fo
r ne
w a
nd e
xpec
tant
par
ents
Par
ent a
nd c
hild
edu
catio
n (P
1( 'F
.)
Sup
port
and
trai
ning
boi
chi
ld d
ay c
are
pros
ider
s
leal
th s
ers
ices
or
refe
rral
to h
ealth
Ices
,. or
bot
h.
You
th S
ers
ices
Cen
ters
mus
t add
ress
the
follo
w in
g co
mpo
nent
s:
Ret
erra
ls to
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
s ic
es
imip
loym
ent c
ouns
elin
g. tr
aini
ng. a
nd p
la,:e
men
t
Sum
inci
and
'mit-
time
lob
(les
elop
men
t
I )iii
g an
d ile
l in
ii ab
use
coun
selin
g
knol
ls c
risis
and
men
tal h
ealth
cou
nsel
ing.
I hos
e (
ente
l,. th
at o
l lii
a m
eetin
g pl
ace
tor
pale
nts
locu
,. (in
a la
in,,k
ol to
pics
twin
did
dle]
] ,in
d al
coho
l, to
hel
ping
a c
hild
obt
ain
Joh
trai
n-in
g oi
ski
lls, t
o ho
w to
sto
p sm
ukIn
g.
1.0
Fun
ding
Fam
ily R
esou
rce
and
You
th S
ers
ices
Cen
ters
are
fund
ed a
t a m
axim
um o
fS
90.0
00. s
s, it
h a
min
imum
set
at S
I0.0
00 to
ens
ure
that
a C
ente
r in
a s
mal
lsc
hool
can
hire
at l
east
a p
art-
time
staf
f mem
ber
to c
tmrd
inat
e th
e ef
fort
. In
I Q92
-93.
the
as e
rage
gra
nt s
s as
S72
.(l0
0. T
he o
nly
base
req
uire
men
t is
that
20<
-; o
r m
ore
of th
e sc
hool
's s
tude
nt p
opul
atio
n m
ust b
e ch
ildre
n in
low
-in
com
e fa
nlili
es, a
s in
dica
ted
by th
eir
qual
ifica
tion
for
the
free
lunc
h pr
ogra
m.
The
d()
Ilar
amou
nt a
war
ded
to a
Cen
ter
is d
eter
min
ed b
y a
ftwm
ula
base
d on
the
num
ber
of lo
w in
coin
e ch
ildre
n w
ho
atte
nd th
e sc
ho()
I(s)
to h
e se
rsed
by
the
Cen
ter.
The
res
ult i
n th
e fir
st y
ear
of o
pera
tion
was
a li
ttle
inur
e th
an 5
200
per
loss
-in
com
e ch
ild p
er C
ente
r. T
houg
h it
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
loss
-inco
me
chil-
dren
that
gen
erat
es th
e fu
ndin
g an
ioun
t. th
e C
ente
r's s
ervi
ces
are
mai
labl
e to
all c
hild
ren
in th
e sc
hool
( s)
it s
erve
s.
The
max
imum
fund
ing
les
el s
et b
y th
e st
ate
is n
ot o
nly
a fu
nctio
n of
the
stat
e's
fisca
l lim
itatio
ns, b
ut a
lso
a m
otis
ator
for
loca
l com
mun
ities
and
sta
te-
fund
ed s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
to c
olla
bora
te. L
ocal
adv
isor
!, bo
ards
are
enc
oura
ged
to lo
ok l'
or o
ther
sou
rces
of r
esou
rces
. Mos
t are
find
ing
thes
e so
urce
s am
ong
pris
ate
ser
s ic
e pr
tivid
ers.
In th
e m
etro
polit
an a
reas
in p
artic
ular
. hea
lth C
ale
agen
cies
, hos
pita
ls. a
nd s
imila
r in
stitu
tions
are
don
atin
g co
nsid
erab
le a
mou
nts
of e
ither
tim
e or
ser
s ic
es. U
nive
rsiti
es a
re g
radu
ally
pro
vidi
ng s
onic
ser
vice
s.m
ost n
otab
ls th
e U
nive
rsity
of K
entu
cky
and
the
Uni
sers
ity o
f Lou
is\ i
lle.
Med
ical
sch
ools
and
sch
ools
of s
ocia
l wor
k ar
e be
com
ing
inte
rest
ed il
l pro
vid-
ing
supp
ort g
roup
s an
d co
nduc
ting
scho
ol 5
isits
on
a pe
riodi
c ba
sis.
In a
llar
eas,
loca
l bus
ines
ses.
chu
rche
s, a
nd c
omm
unity
, gro
ups
are
depe
nded
on
for
assi
stan
ce.
Cen
ters
are
ask
ed to
rep
twt o
n ot
her
sour
ces
of r
even
ue r
ecei
ving
dur
ing
the
year
, inc
ludi
ng in
-kin
d eo
ntlib
utio
ns. S
choo
l hoa
rds
zire
exp
ecte
d to
pay
bas
icin
dire
ct c
osts
not
pai
d by
the
stat
e gr
ant h
ut r
elat
ed to
the
Cen
ter's
ope
ratio
n(e
.g..
utili
ties.
cus
todi
al s
ervi
ces)
. If t
he s
choo
l boa
rd c
ontr
ibut
es a
ny a
dditi
on-
al I
unds
, the
se a
lso
are
to b
e re
port
ed b
y th
e C
ente
r.
(4)
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
i 2I
t)
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nFa
mil
Res
ourc
e an
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s C
ente
r is
bui
lt on
a d
iffe
rent
set
of
loca
l nee
ds. H
owes
er. s
ome
com
-m
on d
ata
are
colle
cted
rel
atis
e to
the
num
ber
of c
onta
cts
and
serv
ices
pro
s id
ed o
r ac
cess
ed. S
uch
indi
cato
rs, f
orex
ampl
e, in
clud
e th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n re
ferr
ed to
sta
te a
genc
ies,
or
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in c
hild
-car
e pr
ogra
ms
Mol
e sc
hool
.
The
Cah
ino
f itu
man
Res
ourc
es.i.
cha
rged
w it
h co
mpi
ling
stat
ew id
e da
ta o
n -p
roce
ss. s
ervi
ces,
and
per
form
ance
outc
omes
thro
ugh
a st
atew
kle
rep
ortin
g an
d e\
alua
tion
s st
em.-
Dat
a co
llect
ed f
roin
the
Cen
ters
will
sup
plem
ent
data
obt
aine
d th
ioug
h ot
her
sour
ces.
One
of
the
maj
or u
ses
of th
e da
ta w
ill h
e to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
stat
e ne
eds
to a
lkic
ate
nage
re
mill
Nes
ftir
(lil
t to
dist
ribu
te to
the
loca
l lev
el. C
ente
r da
ta w
ill p
ros
ide
dire
ct e
vide
nce
of h
oww
ell t
hese
r\ ic
es a
sai
labl
e in
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es m
atch
the
need
s of
the
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
they
ref
er.
Ano
ther
sta
te u
se o
f da
ta w
ill b
e to
cre
ate
an a
ccur
ate
prof
ile o
f K
entu
ckx
's c
hild
ren.
For
exa
mpl
e. th
e tx
pe o
fie
leita
ls m
ade
ni d
iffe
rent
par
ts o
t the
sta
te c
an h
e us
ed to
hel
p co
mpa
re th
e lif
e co
nditi
ons
of c
hild
ren
and
com
-m
untti
es th
roug
hout
the
stat
e.It
is e
xpec
ted
that
thes
e ki
nds
of c
ompa
riso
ns s
k ill
allo
w th
e st
ate
to d
eter
min
ess
het
hei
it ne
eds
to r
edir
ect s
onic
pro
gram
s. r
eass
ess
how
it is
pro
s id
ing
a pa
rtic
ular
ser
s ic
e, o
r pr
os id
e a
ne s
isse
l N. l
ie in
a p
artic
ular
loca
litx
.
inal
l.m
iend
s to
com
mun
icat
e lo
call
spec
ific
dat
a ha
ck to
the
col l
imun
ity. T
here
. the
dat
a ca
n be
use
dto
l pla
nnin
g pu
rpos
es. f
rom
a p
rese
ntat
ixe
stan
dpoi
nt a
s m
uch
as to
mee
t cur
rent
nee
ds. F
or e
xam
ple.
a la
rge
num
hei O
fre
lerr
alfo
ra
part
icul
ar s
ers
ice
amon
g ch
ildre
n in
late
ele
men
tary
yea
rs c
an in
dica
te th
at th
e C
ente
rsh
ould
exa
min
e th
e ne
ed lo
r a
rela
ted
sers
ice
to o
unge
r ch
ildre
n, o
r to
thei
r fa
mili
es. t
o re
duce
or
elim
inat
e th
ene
ed to
l mor
e m
tens
is C
ser
s le
es I
n th
eir
late
rea
rs.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s1
Inal
l hon
esty
. a lo
t of t
hese
"new
- id
eas
dui!
Ken
tuck
ypu
t in
the
refo
rm ti
c! a
reno
thin
g m
ore
1114
111
com
mon
sens
e. T
eacl
wrs
hav
e al
way
ssa
id th
at if
a c
hild
was
up
all
nigh
t bec
ause
of p
robl
ems
atho
me,
or
she'
s go
t hea
lthpr
oble
ms,
or
her
mot
her
and
fath
er a
re g
oing
thro
ugh
adi
varc
e--a
ll of
that
pre
vent
she
rfro
m d
oing
wel
l in
scho
ol.
Wha
t's b
een
need
ed is
apr
oces
s an
d so
meb
ody
to s
ay.
"let's
dev
elop
a p
lan
to'a
ddre
ss tl
us s
o th
at w
e ca
n ge
ton
at s
choo
l with
edu
catin
gch
ildre
n.-
Ton
i Will
isL
egis
lativ
e Fi
scal
Ana
lyst
I.eg
isla
tive
Res
earc
h C
omm
issi
on99
12J
()I
Con
tact
Per
son
I0I
IIW
ill.e
gkla
ti e
Fisc
al A
nal\
st.e
.i_21
Iall
e R
eNt.'
alch
Roo
m 1
3(1C
;.tpl
tol A
nne
\lia
nkfo
rt. K
V 4
0601
t 501
56-
1. 5
100
4111
1111
1Nd
Uni
que
feat
ures
The
Ken
tuck
y E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
Act
of
1990
has
cha
nged
how
the
stat
e do
es b
usin
ess
with
edu
cat-
ing
child
ren:
rem
ovin
g th
e ph
ysic
al a
nd m
enta
l bar
rier
s to
lear
ning
is a
n in
tegr
al c
ompo
nent
inen
suri
ng th
e su
cces
s of
the
refo
rm. T
he im
plem
enta
tion
of F
amily
Res
ourc
e an
d Y
outh
Sel
l ice
sC
ente
rs is
inte
nded
to c
hang
e ho
w th
e st
ate
prov
ides
acc
ess
to th
e so
cial
ser
vice
s th
at c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
nee
d in
ord
er to
ben
efit
fully
fro
m e
duca
tiona
l ser
vice
s. T
he C
ente
rs p
rovi
de a
mec
hani
smfo
r di
rect
ly li
nkin
g pe
ople
with
the
serv
ices
that
alr
eady
exi
st b
ut h
ave
been
mer
ely
avai
labl
enot
acce
ssib
leto
man
y fa
mili
es.
The
Cen
ters
als
o ar
e or
gani
ied
to ta
p in
to p
oten
tial c
omm
u-ni
ty r
esou
rces
. Cen
ter
staf
f fi
nd m
any
peop
le in
the
com
-m
unity
wan
t to
help
in v
ario
us w
ays:
they
"ju
st n
eed
som
e-bo
dy to
mak
e th
e co
ntac
t.-
Cen
ters
foc
us o
n co
mm
unity
-spe
cifi
e ne
eds.
In
this
way
,lo
cal p
robl
ems
can
he a
ddre
ssed
by
redi
rect
ing
the
part
icu-
lar
scho
ol s
yste
m o
r lo
cal s
ers
ice
delis
cry
or
both
. It's
onl
yif
ther
e is
"a
com
mon
pro
blem
acr
oss
the
stat
e th
at y
ouad
dres
s it
with
a b
road
bru
sh.-
Stat
e le
ader
ship
bel
ieve
s th
at a
sch
ool-
base
d C
ente
rap
proa
ch e
nabl
es th
e st
ate
and
loca
l com
mun
ities
to s
erve
child
ren
bette
r th
an th
ey e
ver
have
. Lea
ders
, how
eS
er,
acce
pt th
e fa
ct th
at "
we
won
't kn
ow f
or a
noth
er 5
. (),
7 o
ry
ears
. if
wc
have
to lo
ok a
t har
d da
ta.-
Fee
dbac
k fr
omte
ache
rs a
nd p
rinc
ipal
s ha
s be
en p
ositi
ve, a
nd m
ore
one-
to_
one
cont
act w
ith
pare
nts
is b
eing
ach
ies
ed. M
ore
pers
onal
hom
e si
sits
are
taki
ng p
lace
with
a w
ide
rang
e of
par
ents
,e
\pec
tant
mot
hers
u)
thos
e w
ho ju
st n
eed
"som
eone
tohe
ther
e ss
ith
them
- as
they
dea
l with
a m
ultit
ude
of p
rob-
lem
s.
Fina
lly. s
choo
l-ba
sed
cent
ers
are
not u
ncom
mon
aro
und
the
natio
n, b
ut in
son
ic p
lace
s th
e fo
cus
is o
n m
akin
g a
big
dif-
fere
nce
for
only
a f
t:NA
. For
exa
mpl
e. in
Bal
tinm
re th
ere
are
two
such
cen
ters
that
are
fU
nded
at h
alf
a m
illio
n do
llars
each
, ss
hich
can
he
inte
rpre
ted
to m
ean
"the
y ar
c do
ing
agr
eat t
hing
w it
h 1`
; of
the
child
ren
in th
e sy
stem
.- I
nK
entu
clo
133
Cen
ters
wer
e es
tabl
ishe
d in
the
firs
t yea
r(1
991-
92).
In
1992
-93.
73
addi
tiona
l Cen
ters
wer
e fu
nd-
edm
akin
g a
tota
l of
206
Cen
ters
ser
s in
g 39
3 of
the
stat
e's
elig
ible
sch
ools
. Son
ic p
eopl
e th
ink
that
, es
entu
alls
e'er
) sc
hool
in th
e st
ate
will
hav
e a
Cen
ter
rega
rdle
ss (
ilth
e so
cioe
cono
mic
sta
tus
of it
s st
uden
ts.
Sta
te R
ole
The
sta
te r
ole
in in
itiat
ing
and
supp
ortin
g lo
cal g
ov-
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es to
r he
alth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
(suc
h as
thos
e as
soci
ated
with
Ken
tuck
y's
Fam
ilyR
esou
rce
and
You
th S
ers
ices
('e
nter
s) is
muc
h th
esa
me
as it
sho
uld
be in
res
truc
turi
ng th
e ed
ucat
iona
lsy
stem
. The
Ken
tuck
y E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
Act
of
1990
man
date
d th
at s
choo
ls h
ave
site
-bas
ed c
oun-
cils
bas
ed o
n th
e be
lief
that
, with
in a
bro
ad s
tate
fram
ewor
k, p
ar,m
ts a
nd te
ache
rs c
an a
nd s
houl
dm
ake
deci
sion
s on
ho
w. t
o be
st e
duca
te th
e ch
ildre
nin
thei
r pa
rtic
ular
sch
ool.
The
sam
e ap
proa
ch is
need
ed in
pro
vidi
ng h
ealth
and
oth
er s
ocia
l ser
vice
need
s. A
loca
l gro
up c
onsi
stin
g of
par
ents
, ser
vice
pros
ider
s, a
nd o
ther
sta
keho
kler
s ne
eds
to s
it do
wn
and
wor
k ou
t tog
ethe
r ho
w th
es a
re g
oing
to g
etse
rvic
es to
the
child
ren
in th
eir
com
mun
ity. T
hest
ate
need
s to
set
bro
ad g
uide
lines
but
not
dic
tate
wha
t the
Cen
ters
will
look
like
, wha
t the
mix
of
ser-
ices
will
be,
or
how
thos
e se
rs ic
es w
ill r
each
the
chik
lren
and
fam
ilies
who
nee
d th
em.
The
sta
te a
lso
IllU
st e
spec
t and
enc
oura
ge s
aria
tions
amon
g C
ente
rs b
ecau
se, "
Wha
t wor
ks in
the
big
tow
n of
Tay
lors
\ ille
mig
ht n
ot w
ork
fise
mile
sdo
wn
the
road
."
Fina
lly, t
he s
tate
nee
ds t.
o pr
os id
e lo
cal a
dvis
ory
coun
cils
and
thei
r C
ente
rs th
e op
p(ir
tuni
ty to
inak
eal
tern
atio
nsch
angi
ng m
etho
ds, a
ddin
g an
d de
let-
ing
Ner
s ic
es a
s ne
eded
. "si
mpl
y m
akin
g th
ose
chan
ges
and
mos
ing
on.-
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Mar
ylan
d
CH
ILD
RE
N A
ND
FA
MIL
Y S
ER
VIC
ES
RE
FO
RM
INIT
IAT
IVE
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
His
tory
M a
r, la
nd h
ad b
een
enga
ged
in in
tera
-ge
ncy
coor
dina
tion
long
hef
ore
the
impl
e-m
enta
tion
of it
s C
hild
ren
and
FanU
tsSt
:I.\
ices
Ref
orm
Ini
tiativ
e. N
earl
y 1
0ye
ars
ago.
the
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
naw
aide
d th
e st
ate
a fi
s e
-yea
r gr
ant f
orS7
.5 m
illio
n to
eso
lve
from
a c
oope
ratis
ear
rang
emen
t am
ong
stat
e de
part
inen
ts to
aco
llabo
ratis
c on
e. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
e fo
unda
-tio
n. s
s ith
ass
ista
nce
from
the
Cen
ter
lOr
the
Stud
s of
Soc
ial P
olic
y. p
ros
ided
com
-po
nent
s O
f a
conc
eptu
al f
ram
ewor
k to
begi
n th
e pn
1ces
s of
rek
)rm
ing
prog
ram
s.de
cisi
onm
akin
g, a
nd f
isca
l str
ateg
ies.
To
help
de
clop
the
stat
e', i
nter
agen
cyca
paci
ty to
car
e fo
r ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es.
Go.
ern
or W
illia
m D
onal
d Sc
haef
erzi
ppoi
nted
a s
peci
al S
ecre
tary
for
the
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren.
You
th. a
nd F
amili
es.
I he
cre
atio
n of
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Set's
ices
Ref
orm
Ini
tiatis
e w
as o
ne r
esul
tot
thes
e co
ordi
natio
n el
tol t
s. T
he li
rst
cycl
e of
the
cont
inua
l pla
nnin
g pr
oces
sto
i the
linu
atis
e to
ok p
lace
fro
m th
e en
dot
I O
tiS th
ioug
h m
id I
9N9.
Mar
s la
ndbe
gan
sei m
g fa
mili
es u
nder
the
new
leto
rm p
rinc
iple
, in
June
195
Q. I
n I0
90.
the
',kite
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y ad
opte
d`s
enat
e H
ill 3
89. w
hich
"st
reng
then
s th
e(M
ice
lor
Chi
ldre
n. Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
iiiin
dei
Itt
oind
inat
e ta
mily
and
chi
tdr
en's
ser
s dl
and
requ
ire,
. loc
al io
ns-
dict
ion\
to e
stab
lish
loca
l pla
nnin
g en
ti-tie
s to
kk'
selo
p a
loca
l ini
cial
2enc
set
's li
est
em
1101
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1
Mis
sion
& G
oals
The
inte
nt o
f th
e C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Ini
tiatis
e is
to r
estr
uctu
re th
e hu
man
ser
s ic
esde
lis a
y sy
stem
. dev
elop
ing
a se
amle
ss s
yste
m o
f su
p-po
rt th
at r
espo
nds
to f
amili
es n
eeds
in a
tim
ely
way
and
take
s th
e sy
stem
itse
lf. "
fron
t fra
gmen
tatio
n to
col
-la
bora
tion
and
com
preh
ensi
ve in
tera
genc
y pl
anni
ng.-
As
form
ulat
ed b
y th
e G
oser
nor's
Sub
cabi
net f
orC
hild
ren.
You
th a
nd F
amili
es, t
he m
issi
on o
f th
eIn
itiat
ise
is:
to p
rom
ote
a st
able
, saf
e, h
ealth
y en
viro
nmen
tfo
r ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es. (
herd
s\ in
crea
sing
self
-suf
fici
ency
and
fam
ils p
rese
rsat
ion.
Thi
sre
quir
es a
com
preh
ensi
se. c
oord
inat
ed in
tera
-ge
ncy
appi
oach
to p
ros
ide
a co
ntin
uum
of
care
that
is f
amily
and
chi
ld o
rien
ted
and
emph
asiz
espr
esen
tion,
ear
ly in
ters
cot
ton.
and
com
mun
ity-
base
d se
ts ic
es. P
rior
ity s
hall
be g
isen
to c
hil-
dren
and
fam
ilies
mos
t at r
isk.
The
long
-ter
m g
oals
of
the
Initi
alis
e ar
e to
: (a)
pro
-s
ide
bette
r. L
imits
-foc
used
ser
vice
s to
chi
ldre
n\k
ilo
are
pres
ently
in o
r at
ris
k of
out
-of-
hom
e or
out
-of-
stat
e pl
acci
nciii
. and
(hi
be,
,,!.in
to r
edir
ect f
undi
ngst
ream
s an
d fi
scal
ince
ntis
es
away
fro
m M
appr
opri
ate
out-
of-h
ome
plac
emen
ts a
nd to
w ii
rd c
omm
unity
-ba
sed
Nen
ices
.
InI
()Sq
. a d
emon
stra
tion
of in
tera
genc
y. la
mils
lot:u
sed
sers
ice
was
est
ablis
hed
in P
rinc
e G
eorg
e's
Cou
nty.
Iss
o ye
ars
late
r, th
e st
ate
rele
ased
a R
eque
stto
r Pr
opos
al (
RFP
) fo
r th
e cr
eatio
n of
loca
l fam
ilypr
eser
satio
n de
mon
stra
tion
site
s in
oth
er c
ount
ies
acro
ss M
aryl
and.
The
goa
ls o
f th
ese
initi
alis
es w
ere:
(a)
to e
stab
lish
a lo
cal i
nter
agen
cy p
lann
ing.
impl
e-m
enta
tion
and
mon
itori
ng e
ntity
for
the
loca
l pro
s is
ion
ot s
ets
ices
: tb)
to r
educ
e th
e nu
mhe
r of
out
-of-
stat
epl
acem
ents
: (c)
to p
rese
nt in
appr
opri
ate
out-
of-h
ome
plac
emen
ts o
n M
I in
tera
genc
y ba
sis:
;Ind
(d)
to r
edir
eet
Wild
ing
stre
ams
and
ince
ntis
es
from
out
-ol-
honi
epl
acen
ient
s to
Con
inni
nit -
base
d N
en ic
es.
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Ini
tiativ
e in
tend
s to
achi
eve
thre
e pr
imar
y lo
ng-t
erm
out
com
es. T
he f
irst
is a
fun
da-
men
tal c
hang
e in
the
way
dec
isio
ns a
re m
ade
abou
t ser
s ic
es to
fam
ilies
and
in th
e ro
les
of th
e st
ate
and
loca
l jur
isdi
ctio
ns in
deci
sion
mak
ing.
The
Gov
erno
r's S
ubca
bine
t for
Chi
ldre
n,Y
outh
. and
Fat
uitie
s is
atte
mpt
ing
to s
hift
the
role
of
the
stat
e to
one
of s
ettin
g gu
idel
ines
and
par
amet
ers.
allo
catin
g po
oled
reso
urce
s to
the
loca
l lev
el, a
nd m
onito
ring
and
eva
luat
ing
pro-
gram
s. L
ocal
gos
erni
ng b
oard
s m
ake
deci
sion
s re
late
d to
dev
el-
opin
g th
e lo
cal N
en ic
e sy
stem
, allo
catin
g re
sour
ces
at th
e lo
cal
les
el, a
nd s
ettin
g ou
tcom
es.
The
sec
ond
desi
red
outc
ome
of th
e In
itiat
ise
is a
cha
nge
in th
efu
ndin
g m
echa
nism
s th
at s
uppo
rt f
amili
es. T
his
is a
ccom
-pl
ishe
d by
poo
ling
fund
ing
stre
ams
fron
t the
var
ious
age
ncie
san
d zi
lloca
ting
them
to lo
cal g
over
ning
boa
rds
to b
e us
ed f
lesi
-N
s at
the
loca
l le,
el.
Thi
s pr
oces
s gi
s es
fam
ily s
iork
er, t
heau
thor
ity to
spe
nd d
olla
rs to
inee
t fam
ilies
' nee
ds. M
ary
land
also
zut
empt
s to
ma
inliz
e fe
dera
l fun
ding
by,
redi
rect
ing
sas
-in
gs b
ack
to c
omm
unity
-ba
sed
effo
rts
to s
uppo
rt f
amili
es. S
uch
redi
rect
ion
ot f
unds
is a
fis
cal i
ncen
tive
stra
tegy
ins
ohs
ing
stat
eas
wel
l as
fede
ral m
onie
s. F
or e
\ am
ple.
if a
loca
l go\
ern
ing
boar
d ca
n pr
os id
e su
ppor
t to
fam
ilies
mor
e co
st-e
ffec
tisel
y at
the
loea
l ks
el th
an th
e st
ate
has
done
. the
hoa
rd is
allo
wed
toke
ep a
s m
uch
as 0
-75'
, of
the
sas
ing,
to r
edir
ect i
nto
the
des
elop
men
t of
com
mun
ity s
ers
ices
. The
rem
aini
ng 2
5-35
'; of
fund
s ge
nera
ted
by s
as in
gs in
out
-of-
stat
e or
out
-of-
hom
epl
acem
ent c
osts
are
use
d by
the
Go\
ern
or's
Sub
cabi
net t
ode
velo
p co
mm
unity
-ba
sed
sen
ices
bas
ed o
n st
ate
prio
ritie
s.
The
ihir
d, a
nd p
erha
ps m
ost v
ital,
outc
ome
of th
e In
itiat
ise
is th
eim
plem
enta
tion
of a
new
ser
vice
-pro
s is
ion
mod
elon
e th
atfo
cuse
s on
the
fam
ily a
s a
unit
ill s
uch
a w
as th
at th
e en
tire
fam
ilsbe
com
es th
e cl
ient
. To
achi
ese
this
out
com
e. w
orke
rs u
se a
fam
ilypa
rtne
rshi
p ap
proa
ch. T
he f
amily
is a
ful
l par
tner
in m
akin
g de
ci-
sion
s ab
out h
oss
supp
orts
are
des
clo
pI
for
its m
embe
rs. A
sin
gle
case
man
ager
or
fam
ily w
orke
r de
s, lo
ps a
rel
atio
nshi
p si
ith
fam
ily th
at a
llim
s hi
m o
r he
r to
do
ther
apeu
tic in
ters
ent
ion
and
sers
e as
a r
ole
nlod
el. M
ost i
mpo
rtan
tly. t
he f
amily
wor
ker
sup-
port
s th
e fa
mils
's M
orts
to m
oss'
toss
ad
sell-
sulli
cien
cs.
1. ;
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Col
labo
ratio
n*I
he
Chi
ldre
n an
d F
amily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
m In
itiat
ive
resi
des
ithin
the
Offi
ce fo
r C
hild
ren,
You
th, a
ndF
amili
es. T
he G
o\ e
rnor
's S
ubca
bine
t for
Chi
ldre
n.Y
outh
. and
Fai
nilie
s os
erse
es th
e im
plem
enta
tion
oflo
cal p
rogr
ams.
Dur
ing
the
1 9
9 3
legi
slat
ive
sess
ion,
the
Gen
eLal
Ass
eMbl
y pl
aced
the
Gov
erno
r'sS
ubca
bine
t in
stat
ute
as th
e st
ruct
ure
with
in th
e st
ate
w h
ere
colla
bora
tion
anum
g ag
enci
es ta
kes
plac
e fo
r-m
all%
.C
olla
bora
tion
occu
rs o
n an
info
rmal
bas
is a
sw
ell
Fin
exa
mpl
e. th
e O
ffice
tor
Chi
ldre
n. Y
outh
.an
d F
annh
es w
orks
clo
set%
ss
ith th
e ad
s oc
acx
. aca
de-
mic
. and
ser
s ic
e pr
os id
ei c
omm
uniti
es to
set
a s
tate
agen
da lo
t chi
ldre
n.
Pla
nnin
g an
d m
ai k
eiin
g al
so ta
ke p
lace
at t
he s
tate
les
elI h
em.'
.11e
iss
ta,
t is
ities
that
hav
e be
en s
cry
impo
rtan
t to
the
succ
ess
of th
e In
itiat
ise.
A te
am o
fpe
ople
at t
he s
tate
les
el is
res
pons
ible
for
polic
y an
dpl
aim
ing
iela
ted
to th
e C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
er ic
esR
elor
m li
iiti,t
tis e
Nlo
st o
t the
team
mem
bers
are
hom
%M
IMI\
publ
ic a
genc
ies
such
as
Chi
ld W
elfa
re.
\ledi
caid
. nd
ills
eMle
Jus
tice.
The
re a
re c
urre
ntlx
I (I t
e,11
11 m
embe
rs w
ho h
as e
bee
n re
depl
med
from
thes
e ag
enci
es..
seiin
g on
the
team
is n
ow th
eir
sole
lob
I his
team
id p
eopl
e se
rs e
s a
criti
cal r
ole
inde
s el
opin
g po
hcy
and
also
in e
duca
ting
the
publ
ican
d th
e le
gisl
ato.
e. u
dici
al. u
id e
xecu
me
bran
ches
.
I hits
lat
colla
bora
tion
w it
h fe
dera
l age
ncie
s ta
kes
im .1
hun
ted
basi
s. S
taff
mem
bers
wor
king
with
the
lnitt
atis
e w
ork
clos
et\ w
ith th
e C
ente
r fo
r th
eS
tud\
ot S
ocia
l Pol
icx
in W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C. t
he(
'ent
er s
kotk
. sith
oth
er o
rgan
i/atio
ns a
nd th
e fe
dera
lcs
em
inen
t on
beha
lf of
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mih
es. A
lso.
bei.a
nse
Mai
\ lan
d 55
:15
one
or th
e fir
st s
tate
s to
ime
is s
s st
em. s
tall
mem
bers
wor
king
w, i
thth
e In
man
has
e ha
d th
e op
poriu
nit \
itse
rs e
;Is
L in
ist1
11.1
1Its
Ole
gose
inm
ent a
s w
ell a
s to
inhe
i sla
tes
Cre
atitt
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
.t-
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
sta
te h
as d
evis
ed g
uide
lines
for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f loc
al s
yste
ms
of c
are
unde
r th
e au
spic
esof
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d F
amily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
m In
itiat
ive.
Sta
te g
uide
lines
set
cle
ar e
xpec
tatio
nsre
gard
ing
mem
bers
hip
of lo
cal g
over
ning
hoa
rds,
sco
pe o
f aut
horit
y. r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s, a
nd ta
rget
popu
latio
ns fo
r th
e pr
ogra
m. L
ocal
gov
erni
ng b
oard
s m
ust w
rite
a pr
opos
al e
xpla
inin
g ho
w s
tate
dolla
rs w
ill h
e us
ed to
impl
emen
t a lo
cal f
amily
pre
serv
atio
n in
itiat
ive
in th
eir
juris
dict
ion.
An
inte
rage
ncy
team
es
alua
tes
all p
ropo
sals
and
mak
es a
rec
omm
enda
tion
to th
e G
over
nor's
Sub
cabi
net f
or (
'hild
ren,
You
th, a
nd F
amili
es fo
r fu
ndin
g.
In d
es e
lopi
ng a
sta
tew
ide
acco
unta
bilit
y sy
stem
, sta
te d
ecis
ionm
aker
s ha
ve s
trug
gled
to fi
nd a
bal
-an
ce b
etw
een
loca
l aut
horit
y an
d st
ate
pres
crip
tion.
The
y al
so c
hose
to fo
cus
mor
e on
pro
gram
-re
late
d ou
tcom
es th
an o
n bu
dget
-orie
nted
out
com
es. T
hey
esta
blis
hed
a sy
stem
in w
hich
loca
lgo
sern
ing
hoar
ds d
evel
op th
eir
own
outc
omes
. con
duct
thei
r ow
n tr
end
anal
yses
, and
. bas
ed o
ttth
e tr
end
anal
yses
. set
qua
ntita
tive
goal
s fo
r w
hat t
hey
expe
ct to
acc
ompl
ish
in a
yea
r. T
heG
o\ e
rnor
's S
ubca
bine
t con
duct
s an
ann
ual p
erfo
rman
ce r
ex ie
w o
f eac
h lo
cal i
nitia
tive
base
d on
the
goal
s an
d ob
ject
ives
set
by
its b
oard
.
The
sta
te p
rovi
des
star
t-up
mon
ey to
gos
min
g bo
ards
for
loca
l pla
nnin
g ac
tiviti
es. a
nd tr
aini
ngto
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f ind
ivid
ual h
ozu-
ds. T
he s
tate
als
o pr
os id
es tr
aini
ng s
uppo
rt to
loca
l sta
ff on
plan
ning
and
ser
s ic
e pr
os is
ion
tech
niqu
es. F
or e
xam
ple.
trai
ning
is p
rovi
ded
on e
lem
ents
of t
helo
meb
uild
er's
pro
gram
ta m
odel
fin.
inte
nsiV
e fa
mily
pre
serv
atio
n im
plem
ente
d in
the
stat
e of
Was
hing
ton
sinc
e 19
74).
InI 9
9I. f
our
conf
eren
ces
wer
e he
ld to
teac
h st
aff h
ow to
dev
elop
pla
nsfo
r pr
os id
ing
Wra
p-A
roun
d C
are.
whi
ch is
a s
ervi
ce d
eliv
ery
mod
el th
at e
mph
asiie
s in
divi
dual
-i/e
d. c
hild
and
fam
ily c
ente
red
care
and
pla
nnin
g.
65
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
Whe
n a
city
or
coun
ty f
orm
s a
loca
l gov
erni
ng b
oard
for
its
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Ser
viC
es R
efor
mln
itiat
ixe.
it s
elec
ts a
n or
gani
zatio
nal s
truc
ture
app
ropr
iate
to it
s ne
eds.
The
boa
rd m
ay b
ecom
e ei
ther
aun
it of
cou
nty
gove
rmne
nt. o
r a
quas
i-pu
blic
, non
-pro
fit o
rgan
izat
ion.
Eac
h st
ruct
ure
has
its o
wn
bene
fits
and
draw
back
s. A
s an
arm
of
loca
l gov
ernm
ent,
a lo
cal g
over
ning
boa
rd e
njoy
s th
e be
nefi
t of
vari
ous
kind
s of
sup
port
: how
n et
.. it
can
be r
estr
ictiv
e in
term
s of
exe
rcis
ing
an a
dvoc
acy
role
. The
qua
si-p
ublic
stru
ctur
e of
fers
a g
reat
dea
l of
free
dom
fro
m g
os,e
rnm
ent r
egul
a-tio
n. w
hic
h ha
s tr
emen
dous
adv
anta
ges:
how
ever
, the
re m
ay b
e a
mor
e lim
ited
scop
e of
aut
hori
ty a
nd p
ower
.
Eac
h ju
risd
ictio
n (i
.e..
city
or
coun
ty)
is le
d by
eith
er a
may
or.
aco
unty
exe
cutiv
e, o
r a
set o
f co
unty
com
mis
sion
ers
(ref
erre
d to
as
chie
f ex
ecut
ive
offi
cers
). T
hese
per
sons
app
oint
the
loca
l gov
ern-
ing
boar
d m
embe
rs. B
oard
s m
ust i
nclu
de r
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
the
Dep
artm
ents
of
I-Im
an R
esou
rces
. Juv
enile
Ser
vice
s. H
ealth
. and
Men
tal l
igie
ne: t
he lo
cal s
choo
l sys
tem
: and
loca
l go\
ern
men
t.Fi
ftx
-one
per
cent
of
the
boar
d's
mem
bers
hip
mus
t be
from
the
prix
ate
sec
tor,
whi
ch in
clud
es p
riva
te p
ros
ider
s, c
onsu
mer
s, a
ndth
e bu
sine
ss c
omm
unity
. Ju
dici
ary
and
law
enf
orce
men
t rep
rese
n-ta
tion
is a
lso
enco
urag
ed.
Boa
rd le
ader
ship
has
des
elo
ped
ery
diff
eren
tly a
mon
g th
e ju
ris-
dict
ions
. In
soni
c ca
ses
all o
f th
e es
ecut
ise
offi
ces
are
tille
d I-
ixpe
ople
fro
m th
e pr
ix a
te s
ecto
r, a
nd in
oth
er c
ases
they
are
fill
edm
ostly
by
repr
e.en
tath
es
frt)
m lo
cal g
o% e
mm
ent.
In a
dditi
on to
exe
cuth
e of
fice
rs (
i.e..
pres
iden
t and
ice
pres
i-de
nt )
, eac
h go
% e
rmng
boa
rd h
as a
sta
ll co
nsis
ting
of a
dir
ecto
r. a
fisc
al o
ffic
er, a
nd a
n ad
min
istr
ati e
sup
port
per
son.
Tile
dir
ecto
ro%
er,e
e. m
ost o
f th
e ac
tix it
ies
of th
e go
\ exi
ling
hoar
d.
ijo
Dec
isio
nmak
ing
The
loca
l gov
erni
ng b
oard
s of
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Ser
vice
sR
efor
m I
nitia
tive
exis
t in
law
and
in li
ght o
f th
eir
appo
intm
ent b
yco
unty
gov
ernm
ent.
Cur
rent
ly th
ey h
ave
the
auth
ority
and
res
pons
i-bi
lity
for
plan
ning
and
dev
elop
ing
a st
ate-
fund
ed in
tera
genc
y sy
stem
of s
uppo
rt f
or f
amili
es, a
lloca
ting
reso
urce
s, p
rovi
ding
ove
rsig
ht, a
ndm
onito
ring
the
loca
l sys
tem
of
supp
ort.
Para
met
etta
nd g
uide
lines
are
set b
y th
e G
over
nor's
Sub
cabi
net f
or C
hild
ren.
You
th. a
nd F
amili
es.
The
gov
erni
ng b
oard
is r
espo
nsib
le f
or d
evel
opin
g a
loca
l pro
posa
lfo
r th
e pr
ovis
ion
of f
amily
pre
serv
atio
n se
rvic
es th
roug
hout
the
entir
eci
ty o
r co
unty
. In
orde
r to
dev
elop
this
pla
n. th
e bo
ard
mus
t exa
min
ean
d as
sess
the
curr
ent s
tate
of
fam
ily p
rese
rvat
ion
serv
ices
in th
e lo
cal
juri
sdic
tion.
Suc
h an
ass
essm
ent i
nclu
des
whi
ch a
genc
ies
are
deliv
er-
ing
serv
ices
and
how
, who
is r
ecei
ving
them
. and
whe
re n
eeds
are
unm
et. B
ased
on
this
ass
essm
ent,
the
boar
d de
velo
ps c
omm
unity
stra
tegi
es to
add
ress
unm
et n
eeds
and
out
lines
pla
ns f
or s
ervi
ce d
eliv
-er
y. r
esou
rce
allo
catio
n, a
nd o
utco
me
mon
itori
ng. D
urin
g th
e fi
rst
year
of
oper
atio
n, th
e ch
ief
exec
utiv
e of
fice
r of
the
juri
sdic
tion
sub-
mits
the
loca
l pro
posa
l. T
here
afte
r, o
nce
the
gove
rnin
g bo
ard
is e
stab
-lis
hed,
the
prop
osal
is s
ubm
itted
to th
e G
over
nor's
Sub
cabi
net b
y th
ego
vern
ing
boar
d.
At t
his
wri
ting,
the
()B
ice
h)r
Chi
ldre
n,Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
is w
ork-
ing
on f
urth
er a
rtic
ulat
ing
the
scop
e of
aut
hori
ty a
nd r
espo
nsib
ility
of
loca
l gm
ern
ing
boar
ds.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Acc
ount
abili
tyW
hen
reap
plyi
ng f
or s
tate
sup
port
, loc
al g
over
ning
boar
ds m
ust
incl
ude
a re
port
of
thei
r ou
tcom
es a
chie
ved
unde
r th
eC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Ini
tiativ
e. T
hey
also
sub
mit
quar
terl
yre
port
s of
pro
gres
s on
qua
ntita
tive
mea
sure
s, w
hich
add
ress
ques
-tio
ns s
uch
as: D
id y
ou s
erve
the
num
ber
of f
amili
es th
atyo
uin
tend
ed to
ser
ve?
Was
ther
e a
decr
ease
in th
e nu
mbe
r of
child
ren
goin
g in
to p
lace
men
t? E
ach
loca
l gov
erni
ng b
oard
also
mus
tde
selo
p a
set o
f qu
alita
tive
Mea
sure
s to
add
ress
suc
h qu
estio
nsas
:W
hat a
re th
e di
ffer
ence
s in
fam
ilies
' fix
es?
Wha
t is
the
impa
ct o
nth
e co
mm
units
? In
this
%sa
y. b
oard
sen
gage
in a
sel
f-ev
alua
tion
proc
ess.
The
Ini
tiatis
e ha
s de
velo
ped
a m
anag
emen
t inf
orm
atio
nso
ftw
are
pack
age
tailo
red
to th
e sp
ecif
ic d
ata
need
s (i
f lo
cal b
oard
s.T
his
pack
age
allo
w s
loca
l gov
erni
ng b
oard
s to
answ
er s
uch
ques
tions
as: A
re 1
se s
ers
ing
the
fam
ilies
we
inte
nded
to s
erve
? A
rew
e us
ing
the
mod
el .
we
inte
nded
to u
se?
'fhe
soft
war
e pa
ckag
epr
os id
es a
nau
tom
ated
cas
e re
cord
whi
ch c
an p
rodu
cere
port
s th
at a
ddre
ssth
ese
ques
tions
. The
sof
twar
e al
low
s s
uper
viso
rs a
nd/o
r w
orke
rsto
quer
y th
e da
ta a
ccor
ding
to lo
cal n
eeds
. Man
ager
s ca
n ag
greg
ate
data
acr
oss
site
s to
cre
ate
a st
ates
% id
e pi
ctur
e of
the
diff
eren
ces
amon
g ju
risd
ictio
ns (
e.g.
. rur
al s
ersu
s ur
ban)
. The
sof
twar
e ha
sa
sell-
es a
luat
mg
func
tion
that
can
pro
vide
dat
aat
an
s. ti
me.
sas
ing
the
cost
ly e
xpen
se o
f en
gagi
ng a
n in
depe
nden
t eva
luat
or. T
his
self
-es
alu
atio
n fe
atur
e en
hanc
e,' t
he lo
cal b
oard
s' c
apac
ity to
inon
itor
thei
r os
sn s
yste
ms.
If lo
cal g
os e
rnin
g ho
ards
mee
t or
exce
ed th
eir
outc
omes
, the
yea
rn f
inan
cial
rew
ards
(L
e.. a
dditi
onal
dis
cret
iona
rym
oney
1In
cent
is e
s ar
e ()
ills
as a
ilabl
e if
loca
l boa
rds
dem
onst
rate
coef
fect
isen
ess
in m
eetin
g ou
tcom
es. I
f ou
tcom
esar
e no
t met
, the
reI\
a d
edU
cti0
11 li
mn
the
tota
l inc
entiv
e po
ol th
at is
bas
ed o
n lu
iwfa
r as
s as
they
are
lixu
n m
eetin
g th
eir
antic
ipat
edou
tcom
e.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsU
nder
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
mIn
itiat
ive,
the
prim
ary
func
tion
of th
e lo
cal
gove
rn-
ing
boar
d is
to d
evel
op a
col
labo
rativ
epr
oces
s at
the
loca
l lev
el f
or c
reat
ing
a se
amle
ss s
yste
m o
fsu
ppor
t.T
his
func
tion
give
s th
e bo
ard
resp
onsi
bilit
yto
mak
eal
l loc
al p
olic
y de
cisi
ons.
fis
cal d
ecis
ions
, and
pro-
gram
dec
isio
ns w
ithin
the
para
met
ers
that
hav
e be
ense
t by
the
Gov
erno
r's S
ubca
bine
t for
Chi
ldre
n.Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
.
As
it re
late
s to
inte
rage
ncy
activ
ities
, the
rol
e of
the
loca
l hoa
rd p
aral
lels
the
role
of
the
Gov
erno
r'sSu
bcab
inet
. Tha
t is,
eac
h ho
ard
is r
espo
nsib
le f
orin
itiat
ing
and
coor
dina
ting
all i
nter
agen
cy a
ctiv
ities
in it
s ju
risd
ictio
n.
14 i
67
7.-A
F47
57,
i
--4,
5A.-
Er-
,L,
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yL
ocal
gos
ern
ing
hoar
ds o
f th
eC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Initi
atis
e ar
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
rde
liver
ing
a se
t of
core
ser
vice
s in
thei
r ci
ty
or c
ount
y. O
ne s
uch
serv
ice
is c
ase
man
agem
ent f
orin
tens
ive
fam
ily
pres
erva
tion
serv
ices
. Ano
ther
is c
ase
man
agem
ent f
or c
hild
ren
retu
rned
and
dier
ted
from
out
-of-
hom
ean
d ou
t-of
-sta
te p
lace
men
ts.
Boa
rds
hae
the
optio
n of
con
trac
ting
for
core
ser
vice
s or
del
iver
ing
thes
e se
r-
N. i
ces
dire
ctly
.
Oth
er s
ers
ices
are
sel
ecte
d by
the
hoar
ds to
mee
t spe
cial
nee
ds in
thei
r
sdic
tions
. For
exa
mpl
e. s
onic
loca
l gov
erni
ng h
oard
s ar
eim
plem
ent-
ing
P.I.
. 99-
457.
the
Infa
nt a
ndT
oddl
er p
rogr
am. I
n ot
her
case
s,bo
ards
Use
take
n re
spon
sibi
lity
for
the
com
preh
ensi
ve m
enta
l hea
lth s
ervi
ces
plan
. One
loca
l ini
tiativ
e pr
osid
es in
-hou
se m
enta
l hea
lthse
rvic
es a
nd
subs
tanc
e ab
use
ser
ices
. Oth
ers
cont
ract
for
adv
ocac
yse
rvic
es a
nd
resp
ite c
are.
1 4
Fun
ding
At p
rese
nt, n
o fe
dera
l fun
dsfl
ow th
roug
h th
e C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily
Serv
ices
Ref
orm
Ini
tiativ
e to
loca
lgo
vern
ing
boar
ds, a
lthou
gh p
lans
are
bein
g m
ade
to r
einv
est m
axim
ized
fede
ral d
olla
rs. L
ocal
boa
rds
depe
nd
on a
mix
of
mon
ies
from
man
y so
urce
s, in
clud
ing
gene
ral f
unds
and
fund
s fo
r st
ate
plac
emen
t, fo
ster
car
e,co
mm
unity
pla
cem
ent.
non-
publ
ic
tuiti
on, m
enta
l hea
lth r
esid
entia
l tre
atm
ent,
and
dete
ntio
n.
Foun
datio
n m
oney
is u
sed
prim
arily
for
one-
time-
only
cos
ts, a
lthou
gh
som
e al
so h
as b
een
used
for
dev
elop
ing
the
info
rmat
ion
syst
eman
d fo
r
trai
ning
. Usi
ng f
ound
atio
n m
oney
toin
vest
in s
ervi
ces
is a
void
edbe
caus
e it
beco
mes
ver
y di
ffic
ult t
oco
ntin
ue th
e se
rvic
es w
hen
such
fund
s ar
e de
plet
ed.
No
spec
ific
loca
l mat
chin
gre
quir
emen
t exi
sts,
alth
ough
som
ein
vest
-
men
t is
requ
ired
. Suc
hin
vest
men
t may
be
cash
6).
11tr
ibut
ions
,te
leph
one
serv
ice,
off
ice
furn
iture
, or
secr
etar
ial
supp
ort.
Loc
al g
over
ning
hoar
ds
that
are
est
ablis
hed
as n
on-p
rofi
tor
gani
zatio
ns h
ave
the
oppo
rtun
ity to
spon
sor
priv
ate
fund
rais
ing.
Fund
s ar
e al
loca
ted
to lo
cal g
over
ning
boar
ds .o
n th
e ba
sis
of th
e nu
m-
ber
of f
amili
es th
ey a
re g
oing
to s
erve
and
type
of
refe
rral
sou
rces
tobe
utili
zed.
For
exa
mpl
e. m
onie
s th
atw
ould
pay
for
a c
hild
's p
lace
men
tin
a m
enta
l hea
lth tr
eatm
ent
faci
lity
can
he r
edir
ecte
d to
the
loca
l gos
:ern
-
ing
hoar
d. T
he c
ost o
f pl
acin
g a
child
in a
trea
tmen
t fac
ility
isab
out
$38.
((X
). I
f a
loca
l gov
erni
ng b
oard
dete
rmin
es th
at it
can
pre
vent
the
refe
rral
and
pla
cem
ent o
f I(
) ch
ildre
nin
men
tal h
ealth
fac
ilitie
s, th
enit
will
rec
eive
$38
0,00
0 fr
om th
at s
tate
budg
et. L
ocal
bud
gets
, the
refo
re.
are
base
d on
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
targ
eted
for
ser
vice
,an
d th
e do
llars
that
the
stat
e w
ould
hav
e sp
ent
in th
e ab
senc
e of
the
loca
lin
itiat
ive.
Thi
s fu
ndin
g m
echa
nism
has
wor
ked
in M
aryl
and
beca
use
it en
able
sth
e
stat
e to
sup
port
pla
ns th
atha
ve b
een
deve
lope
d at
the
loca
lle
vel.
In 1
991,
the
Mar
ylan
d G
ener
alA
ssem
bly
pass
ed tw
o la
ws
that
inst
itu-
tiona
lized
fle
xibl
e bu
dget
lang
uage
.T
he f
lexi
ble
budg
et la
ngua
geal
low
s
each
dep
artm
ent's
pla
cem
ent f
unds
tobe
use
d to
pre
vent
pla
cem
eat,
or to
retu
rn c
hild
ren
from
plac
emen
t. T
he le
gisl
atio
n de
cate
gori
zes
mill
ions
of
dolla
rs a
lrea
dy a
ppro
pria
ted
and
allo
ws
mor
e fl
exib
ility
at t
he lo
cal
leve
l.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nD
ata
colle
ctio
n in
the
Chi
ldre
n an
d F
amily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
m In
itiat
ive
serv
es b
oth
acco
unt-
abili
ty a
nd s
elf-
mon
itorin
g fu
nctio
ns fo
r lo
cal p
ro-
gram
s. T
o ac
coun
t for
pro
gres
s to
war
d ac
hiev
ing
outc
omes
, qua
ntita
tive
and
qual
itativ
e da
ta a
re c
ol-
lect
ed b
y lo
cal g
over
ning
hoa
rds
and
ente
red.
usin
g th
e m
anag
emen
t inf
orm
atio
n so
ftwar
e pa
ck-
age
desi
gned
for
the
Initi
atke
(se
e se
ctio
n,A
ccou
ntab
ility
).B
ecau
se th
e sy
stem
is a
lso
self-
mon
itorin
g, it
can
he
quer
ied
at a
ny ti
me
to d
eter
-m
ine
w h
ere
corr
ectio
ns n
eed
to b
e m
ade.
The
sys
-te
m a
lso
pro
ides
info
rmat
ion
as to
wha
t asp
ects
ot th
e pr
ogra
m a
re w
orki
ng w
ell.
At f
irst.
stat
e-le
vel s
taff
mem
bers
of t
he C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
er ic
es R
efor
m In
itiat
ive
foun
d th
eyha
d to
enc
oura
ge a
nd s
uppo
rt lo
cal s
taff
in th
e us
eof
the
man
agem
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
syst
em fo
r da
taen
try
and
repo
rt p
rodu
ctio
n. W
ith te
chni
cal a
ssis
-ta
nce
and
supp
ort f
rom
the
stat
e, a
nd th
e ex
pect
a-tio
n th
at r
epor
ts h
e ge
nera
ted
regu
larly
from
the
,,)st
em, l
ocal
-leve
l pro
fess
iona
ls a
re b
egin
ning
to%
dine
the
data
col
lect
ion
proc
ess.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
1414
6M
ost p
eopl
e ha
ve g
one
into
hum
an s
ervh
..es
beca
use
they
wan
t to
do s
omet
hing
goo
d. N
ow w
e ac
tual
ly h
ave
a sy
stem
that
sup
port
sth
em in
doi
ng th
at a
nd a
lso
supp
orts
fiun
ilies
. Wor
kers
are
onca
ll 24
hou
rs a
day
, sev
en d
ays
a w
eek.
Whe
n a
fam
ily is
ref
erre
dfo
r se
rvic
es, t
he w
orke
r ha
s an
obl
igat
ion
to m
ake
cont
act w
ithth
at fa
mily
with
in 2
4 ho
urs.
I've
don
e m
any
inte
rvie
ws
with
fam
i-lie
s an
d th
ey c
an't
belie
ve th
is is
gov
ernm
entn
o w
aitin
g ar
ound
and
no r
ed ta
pe. Y
ou c
all s
omeo
ne a
nd th
ey a
nsw
er th
e ph
one;
you
don'
t hav
e to
com
e in
and
fill
out p
aper
s ju
st to
talk
to s
ome-
one.
Fam
ilies
are
ove
rwhe
hned
by
how
res
pons
ive
the
wor
kers
ore
to th
em.
Don
na S
tark
Sta
te D
irect
orS
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Initi
ativ
e 9
9
14b
69
Tri
ei,r
o v.
..
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sA
cen
tral
fea
ture
of
the
Chi
ldre
n an
dFa
mily
Ser
y ic
es R
efor
mIn
itiat
ive
is th
at d
ecis
ionm
akin
g is
bei
ngm
oved
fro
m th
e st
ate
leve
l to
a le
x el
muc
h cl
oser
to th
efa
mili
es. T
he f
ocus
is O
nem
pow
erin
g fa
mili
es a
nd c
omm
uniti
es. F
orex
ampl
e. a
ski
ll-bu
ildin
g re
trea
t was
hel
d fo
r pa
rent
s to
help
them
dev
elop
the
skill
s th
ey n
eed
to b
ecom
e fu
ll pa
rtne
rsin
the
proc
ess.
Spe
cifi
car
eas
addr
esse
d at
the
conf
eren
ce in
clud
ed h
ow to
he
asse
rtiv
e in
mee
tings
and
how
to id
entif
y th
e ne
eds
of th
eir
fam
ily. T
hein
tent
of
the
refo
rm is
to g
o be
yond
the
rhet
oric
and
mak
e an
hone
st a
ttem
pt a
t cre
atin
g pa
rtne
rshi
ps w
ithfa
mili
es.
The
Ini
tiatix
e us
es a
fle
xibl
e fu
ndin
g st
rate
gy,
whi
ch a
llow
s
ss o
rker
s m
ore
flex
ibili
tyin
usi
ng f
unds
that
hav
e al
read
y be
enap
prop
riat
ed.
Smal
l cas
eloa
ds a
re a
pri
ority
. Fo
r ex
ampl
e.ca
selo
ad s
ite f
orw
orke
rs s
ervi
ng f
amili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
atim
min
ent r
isk
of p
lace
-
men
t is
Ito
2. T
here
fore
, the
rel
atio
nshi
pbe
twee
n th
e vs
ork
er
and
the
fam
ily is
sig
nifi
cant
ly d
iffe
rent
than
it w
as in
the
past
.
Con
tact
Per
son
Diin
na S
tark
. Sta
te D
irec
tor
Sers
ices
Ref
orm
Ini
tiatis
e30
0 W
. Lex
ingt
on S
tree
t. Su
ite 3
06B
altim
ore.
MD
21
201
1.41
(t 3
3342
85
71 I
I_ A '4
t.)
Sta
te R
ole
The
fir
st s
tep
in s
uppo
rtin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
c-tu
res
such
as
thos
e in
Mar
ylan
d's
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mily
Ser
vice
s R
efor
mIn
itiat
ive
is to
def
ine
loca
l gov
erna
nce.
The
sta
tesh
ould
he
able
to a
rtic
-ul
ate
a cl
ear
defi
nitio
n of
loca
l gov
erna
nce
and
also
pro
vide
trai
ning
and
supp
ort t
o lo
cal b
oard
s so
that
they
can
deve
lop
an a
ppro
pria
te s
truc
ture
.
A c
limat
e fo
r ch
ange
in w
hich
peo
ple
are
conv
ince
d th
at c
hang
e ne
eds
toha
ppen
is im
port
ant.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
have
avi
sion
for
that
cha
nge.
It
may
not
be
clea
r as
to h
ow th
evi
sion
will
be
oper
atio
naliz
ed a
ctos
sev
ery
dim
ensi
on: h
owev
er,
havi
ng a
vis
ion
is e
ssen
tial t
o in
itiat
ing
chan
ge a
t the
loca
l lev
el.
Stat
e le
vel p
erso
nnel
mus
t he
patie
nt w
ith th
ech
ange
pro
cess
. Eve
n w
ithun
anim
ous
supp
ort,
deve
lopi
ng a
Ile
ss s
yste
man
d pu
tting
it in
to o
pera
-tio
n w
ill ta
ke a
con
side
rabl
e am
ount
of
time.
Fina
lly, l
eade
rshi
p at
the
top
(e.g
.. th
e go
vern
or,
the
lieut
enan
t gov
erno
r)is
impo
rtan
t in
supp
ortin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
tan
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f re
form
stra
tegi
es. T
he s
uppo
rt a
lso
of th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
is n
eede
d to
pro
vide
the
oppo
rtun
ity to
dev
elop
a p
lan,
to te
stit.
and
to ta
ke r
isks
with
mon
eyan
d m
ake
reso
urce
inve
stm
ents
. For
exa
mpl
e,th
e M
aryl
and
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y de
mon
stra
ted
com
mitm
ent b
ysu
ppor
ting
budg
et la
ngua
ge th
atal
low
ed th
e us
e of
all
plac
emen
t dol
lars
to g
oto
war
d th
e pr
even
tion
ofou
t-of
-hom
e an
d ou
t-of
-sta
te p
lace
men
ts. T
here
fore
,S3
It)
mill
ion
wer
eav
aila
ble
to r
edir
ect t
owar
d th
e pr
even
tion
ofpl
acem
ent.
The
act
ions
of
the
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y re
flec
ted
a re
stor
atio
nof
fai
th in
pub
lic a
genc
ies
and
conf
iden
ce in
the
refo
rm s
trat
egie
s.
Find
ing
Com
mon
Gro
und:
New
Mex
ico
-C
OM
MU
NIT
IES
IN S
CH
OO
LS
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
i 40
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
14,J
71
H is
tory
In 1
989.
the
regi
onal
and
nat
iona
l offi
ces
of C
ities
inS
choo
ls h
eld
mee
tings
to in
trod
uce
inte
rest
ed s
tate
s to
a ne
w o
ppor
tuni
ty fo
r a
Citi
es in
Sch
ools
gra
nt.
Sub
sequ
ently
. New
Mex
ico
subm
itted
a p
ropo
sal t
o th
egr
ant p
rogr
am. B
ecau
se o
f New
Mex
ico'
s sc
atte
red
and
pred
omin
antly
rur
al p
opul
atio
n, th
e st
ate
chos
e to
ii op
ose
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
Com
mun
ities
(ra
ther
than
Citi
es)
in S
choo
ls. I
n Ju
ly 1
991,
a o
ne-y
ear
S10
0.0(
H)
gran
t fro
m th
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
, the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Jus
tice,
and
the
natio
nal C
ities
inS
choo
ls o
ffice
ks
as a
war
ded
to fu
nd th
ree
New
Mex
ico
site
s A
sta
te d
irect
or w
as h
ired
at 8
0(4
time.
Fro
mJu
ly th
roug
h D
ecem
ber.
the
thre
e-si
te s
elec
tion
proc
ess
.w a
s pu
blic
t/ed
thro
ugho
ut th
e st
ate,
incl
udin
g pr
esen
-ta
tions
at e
kent
s su
ch a
s th
e G
over
nor's
Sum
mit
and
the
Wor
kON
1"o
tteth
er C
onfe
renc
e. T
hirt
y in
tere
sted
com
mun
ities
N.s
ere
N. k
ited
by th
e st
ate
dire
ctor
.
In J
anua
r\ o
f 199
2. a
t the
firs
t mee
ting
of a
new
lyes
tabl
ishe
d S
tate
Ads
isor
y B
oard
, the
top
four
site
sw
ere
pre
senf
2d. T
hese
'tes
had
been
sel
ecte
d on
the
basi
s of
inte
rest
. rea
dine
ss, t
ypes
of c
olla
bora
tive
ini-
tiatie
`. a
lread
y in
pla
ce. a
nd le
tters
of c
omm
itmen
t and
supp
ort.
( )t
hei c
omm
unity
feat
ures
con
side
red
wer
ege
ogra
phy.
. eth
nici
ty, a
nd n
eed.
A C
OM
mun
ity p
lan
orpn
wet
pro
posa
l was
not
req
uire
d: c
omm
uniti
es n
eede
don
ly to
pro
ide
lette
rs o
t sup
port
and
, afte
r se
lect
ion
asa
CIS
site
, to
crea
te a
pre
-impl
emen
tatio
n ta
sk fo
rce
toco
nduc
t a n
eeds
ass
essm
ent a
nd e
stab
lish
a lo
cal C
ISbo
ard.
The
initi
al p
lan
ot s
elec
ting
thre
e si
tes
chan
ged
w h
en th
e B
oard
. the
sta
te d
i FC
C ti
ir. a
nd th
e C
OM
mun
ityob
tain
ed a
ssis
tanc
e fr
om V
S W
est i
n ob
tain
ing
anad
ditio
nal S
6.00
0 ne
eded
to fu
nd a
four
th s
ite.
lite
tour
site
s cu
rren
tly F
unde
d ar
e G
rant
Cou
nty
(inth
e so
uthw
est
ern
part
of t
he s
tate
), th
e ci
t. N
,of
I,as
egas
( n
oith
east
ein
New
Mex
ico)
, Cib
ola
Cou
nty
(inih
e ce
ntra
l wes
t). a
nd V
alen
cia
Cou
nty
(out
side
\ Ibu
queR
pie
iC
ibol
a C
ount
y se
rses
trib
al p
opul
atio
nsan
d in
clud
es ti
ihal
gos
ern
ance
111
its
('IS
pro
ject
.
, 1
Mis
sion
& G
oals
The
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd d
evel
oped
a m
issi
on fo
r th
e ov
eral
l ini
tiativ
e: "
The
mis
sion
of N
ew M
exic
oC
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
is to
invo
lve
fam
ilies
, com
mun
ity, a
nd g
over
nmen
t in
deve
lopi
ng a
nd im
plem
entin
gin
nova
tive
and
colla
bora
tive
serv
ices
and
pro
gram
s to
ass
ist o
ur y
outh
to g
radu
ate
t'rom
hig
h sc
hool
." T
heB
oard
set
fort
h th
e fo
llow
ing
eigh
t obj
ectiv
es:
I.Im
prov
e sc
hool
atte
ndan
ce a
nd r
educ
e th
e nu
mbe
r of
dro
pout
s
Enh
ance
per
sona
l, ed
ucat
ion,
and
soc
ial d
evel
opm
ent
3.Im
prov
e yo
uths
' sel
f-es
teem
and
job
skill
s
4.E
ncou
rage
par
enta
l inv
olve
men
t in
the
educ
atio
n of
thei
r ch
ildre
n
5.R
einf
orce
soc
ially
acc
epta
ble
beha
vior
in th
e cl
assr
oom
, at h
ome,
and
in th
e co
mm
unity
6.C
oord
inat
e tim
ely
and
inte
grat
ed d
eliv
ery
of h
uman
ser
vice
s to
at-
risk
yout
h an
d th
eir
fam
ilies
with
in th
e ed
ucat
ion
setti
ng
7.C
ontr
ibut
e to
the
chan
ces
cf fu
ture
em
ploy
men
t or
furt
her
educ
atio
n fo
r at
-ris
k yo
uth
8.D
evel
op s
ucce
ssfu
l em
ploy
men
t atti
tude
s an
d sk
ills.
The
prim
ary
goal
of t
he C
IS p
rogr
am is
to r
eedu
cate
the
drop
out p
opul
atio
n in
com
mun
ities
by
emph
asiz
ing
the
build
ing
of p
erso
nal,
educ
atio
nal,
empl
oym
ent-
rela
ted,
and
soc
ial s
kills
of h
igh-
risk
stud
ents
. Fun
ding
from
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lab
or le
d to
a h
eavy
em
phas
is o
n yo
uth
empl
oyab
ility
and
pre
para
tion
and
trai
ning
, as
wel
l as
hum
an s
ervi
ce s
uppo
rt tb
r yo
uth
and
fam
ilies
. New
Mex
ico
was
abl
e, th
roug
h th
e D
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
, to
obta
in o
ne s
easo
nal w
orke
r po
sitio
n fo
r its
sum
mer
you
th p
rogr
am a
nd to
res
erve
120
pos
ition
s in
the
sum
mer
yout
h pr
ogra
m fo
r C
IS-id
entif
ied
high
-ris
k yG
uth.
Thi
s ar
rang
emen
t ena
bled
the
four
com
mun
ities
to p
rovi
de a
stro
ng p
rogr
am fo
r th
eir
CIS
you
th, i
nclu
ding
a v
arie
ty o
f act
iviti
es d
evel
oped
by
the
youn
g pe
ople
them
selv
esan
d yo
uth
job
plac
emen
t bey
ond
sum
mer
.
Tho
ugh
the
mis
sion
, goa
l. an
d ob
ject
ives
of t
he C
IS p
rogr
am h
ave
an e
mph
asis
on
olde
r ch
ildre
n an
d yo
uth,
CIS
com
mun
ities
vie
w th
e m
issi
on o
f the
ir im
plem
enta
tions
as
enco
mpa
ssin
g yo
unge
r ch
ildre
n an
d th
e en
tire
fam
ily. A
lso,
the
prog
ram
has
bee
n pl
aced
und
er th
e st
ate'
s ne
w C
hild
ren.
You
th. a
nd F
amili
es D
epar
tmen
t,w
hich
has
a b
road
er m
issi
on.
m..y
eatn
amito
rzst
uuni
mum
z---
Tzn
Col
labo
ratio
nT
he C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
initi
ativ
e is
est
ablis
hing
par
tner
ship
s am
ong
a w
ide
rang
e of
ent
ities
that
pro
vide
soci
al a
nd c
omm
unity
ser
vice
s, in
clud
ing:
mat
erna
l and
chi
kl h
ealth
sta
ff in
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth; c
hild
abus
e pr
even
tion
staf
f in
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces:
pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e sc
hool
s; th
e pr
obat
ion.
par
ole.
and
cour
t sys
tem
(in
clud
ing
atto
rney
s an
d co
urt a
dvoc
ates
): th
e A
ssoc
iatio
n fo
r R
etire
d P
erso
ns; f
oste
r gr
andp
ar-
ents
; the
Kiw
ani
s. R
otar
ians
, and
oth
er s
ervi
ce o
rgan
izat
ions
: the
Nat
iona
l Gua
rd: t
he A
rmed
For
ces
(pre
limin
ary
wor
k is
bei
ng d
one
with
the
Air
For
ce):
Dru
g F
ree
Com
mun
ities
: the
DA
RE
dru
g ab
use
prev
entio
n pr
ogra
m; a
ndga
ng in
terv
entio
n an
d vi
olen
ce p
reen
tion
entit
ies.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Des
ired
Out
com
esT
he m
ajor
des
ired
outc
ome
of th
e C
omm
un-
ities
in S
chbo
k pr
ogra
m is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fa
holis
tic a
ppro
ach
to s
ervi
ng c
hild
ren,
the
entir
e fa
mily
, and
com
mun
ity in
a c
ompr
ehen
-si
ve m
anne
r. T
he a
ppro
ach
%S
ill d
epen
d on
ast
rong
wor
king
rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n pu
blic
entit
ies,
pris
ate
org
aniz
atio
ns, a
nd th
e co
m-
mun
ity to
, eve
ntua
lly, c
olla
bora
tivel
) fu
ndC
IS a
nd e
nsur
e its
con
tinua
tion.
The
sta
te w
illhe
look
ing
for
prog
ress
in th
e fo
llow
ing
area
s:
Incr
ease
d pa
rent
al in
vols
emen
t in
the
educ
atio
nal p
roce
ss
Coo
rdin
atio
n of
ser
vice
s an
amg
the
scho
ol a
nd e
ster
nal a
genc
ies
that
delis
er
serv
ices
on
cam
pus
The
des
elo
pmen
t of a
ccou
ntab
le.
pers
onal
ized
, and
inte
rdis
cipl
inar
yte
ams
of s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
Co-
loca
tion
of s
taff
from
alre
ady
esis
ting
hum
an s
ers
ice
agen
cies
and
s ol
unte
er (
Ir.:m
in/a
non.
,
caw
Man
agem
ent t
o en
sure
clie
nt-
cent
ered
ser
s ic
e de
lis e
r
A r
elat
ions
hip
hem
een
the
com
mu-
nit a
nd c
ampu
s st
aff t
hat c
oord
i-na
te. t
utor
s. M
ellto
N. a
nd o
ther
olun
teer
s.
Less
dire
ctls
. Nes
t !sl
esic
o's
CIS
is in
tend
edto
be
tang
ihle
es
iden
ce o
f the
sta
te's
com
mit-
men
t to
impr
os in
g se
rs ic
e M
iser
y hy
clit
ni-
natin
g du
plic
atio
n ol
set
-% ic
es a
nd m
akin
g se
r-s
ices
coo
rain
ated
and
acc
essi
ble.
Vis
its b
y th
esl
ate
dire
ctor
set
-% e
to b
egin
com
mun
ity d
iii10
121.
1es
rega
rdin
g ho
w r
esid
ents
nee
d to
wor
kto
geth
ei a
nd a
s.ce
ss s
et-%
ices
for
thei
r pe
ople
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Com
mun
ities
In S
choo
Sta
te F
unct
ions
The
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd a
nd th
e st
ate
dire
ctor
of C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
eac
h pl
ays
a di
ffere
nt r
ole
in fa
cilit
atin
g th
ede
velo
pmen
t and
exp
ansi
on o
f CIS
pro
gram
s in
the
stat
e. T
he B
oard
pro
vide
s di
rect
ion
and
supe
rvis
ion
for
the
stat
ewid
epr
ogra
m in
the
follo
win
g w
ays:
Pro
vide
s st
atew
ide
coor
dina
tion
to im
plem
ent a
nd e
xpan
d C
IS in
New
Mex
ico
Pro
vide
s a
link
with
the
natio
nal C
ities
in S
choo
ls o
rgan
izat
ion
to a
cces
s re
sour
ces
for
stat
e an
d lo
cal
prog
ram
s
Obt
ains
sta
te, f
eder
al, a
nd c
orpo
rate
fund
ing
for
oper
atio
ns a
nd e
xpan
sion
of t
he C
IS p
rogr
am in
New
Mex
ico
Sup
port
s re
gion
al a
nd lo
cal n
eeds
of i
ndiv
idua
l com
mun
ities
in im
plem
entin
g C
IS..
The
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd h
elps
loca
l boa
rds
and
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es id
entif
y cr
itica
l loc
al is
sues
, fac
e th
emas
loca
l pro
b-le
ms.
and
dev
ise
loca
l act
ion
plan
s. T
he B
oard
pro
vide
s di
rect
ass
ista
nce
to C
IS s
ites
by h
elpi
ng w
ith c
omm
unity
,as
sess
-m
ents
of l
eade
rshi
p an
dI t
he c
omm
unity
itse
lf, p
rovi
ding
trai
ning
, and
offe
ring
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
whe
n pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in o
n-si
te v
isits
with
the
stat
e di
rect
or (
e.g.
, hel
ping
faci
litat
e si
te m
eetin
gs).
Reg
iona
l sta
ff al
so h
elp
with
trai
ning
inco
mm
uniti
es a
nd w
ith b
oard
trai
ning
and
fund
rais
ing.
The
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd e
ngag
es in
a h
igh
leve
l of p
erso
nal i
nvol
vem
ent w
ith th
e fo
ur C
IS c
omm
uniti
es. C
omm
unity
repr
esen
tatis
es
are
invi
ted
to m
ake
prog
ress
rep
orts
and
inte
ract
with
sta
te-le
vel m
embe
rs a
t Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd m
eet-
ings
. Dur
ing
thes
e re
gula
r m
eetin
gs. C
IS s
taff
prov
ide
info
rmat
ion
and
atte
mpt
to fa
cilit
ate
dial
ogue
bet
wee
n th
eco
m-
mun
ity a
nd B
oard
mem
bers
. Som
e B
oard
mem
bers
als
o w
ork
in th
e C
IS c
omm
uniti
es, o
ften
part
icip
atin
gon
loca
lbo
ards
. The
y us
e th
eir
influ
ence
at t
he lo
cal l
evel
to fa
cilit
ate
colla
bora
tion
with
loca
l sch
ool b
oard
s an
d su
perin
tend
ents
,an
d at
the
stat
e le
vel t
o pr
ovid
e ac
cess
for
the
stat
e di
rect
or to
the
Sta
te B
oard
of E
duca
tion.
The
Boa
rd a
lso
trie
s to
be
resp
onsi
ve to
rec
omm
enda
tions
from
the
site
s. In
put f
rom
the
four
com
mun
ities
led
toa
com
-m
itmen
t to
post
pone
exp
andi
ng th
e C
IS p
rogr
am. T
he B
oard
focu
sed
on th
e fo
ur c
urre
nt s
ites
durin
g th
e 19
92-9
3 fis
cal
year
prov
idin
g su
ppor
t, de
velo
ping
pol
icie
s an
d pr
oced
ures
. and
ref
inin
g co
ordi
natio
nin
an e
ffort
to id
entif
y an
din
stitu
tiona
lize
nece
ssar
, cha
nges
. The
sta
te d
irect
or is
pro
vidi
ng li
mite
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
com
mun
ities
in th
ree
othe
r in
tere
sted
cou
ntie
s (T
aos.
Roo
seve
lt. a
nd C
have
z) s
o th
at a
sm
ooth
impl
emen
tatio
n ca
n be
ass
ured
whe
n th
ose
com
mun
ities
join
the
CIS
initi
ativ
e in
199
3-94
.
The
sta
te d
irect
or p
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
and
assi
stan
ce to
bot
h th
e B
oard
and
indi
vidu
al C
IS s
ites.
She
ass
ists
loca
l CIS
boar
ds a
nd c
omm
uniti
es b
y pr
ovid
ing
info
rmat
ion
on fu
ndin
g. r
esou
rce
deve
lopm
ent.
Req
uest
s fo
r P
ropo
sal (
RE
Ps)
,co
nfer
ence
s. tr
aini
ng, a
nd o
ther
opp
ortu
nitie
s th
at m
ight
he
help
ful t
o th
e co
mm
uniti
es. S
he a
lso
prov
ides
info
rmat
ion
rela
ted
to C
IS s
ites
to th
e S
tate
Ads
isor
v B
oard
and
oth
er s
tate
-leve
l pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e en
titie
s. In
this
way
, the
dire
ctor
sets
es
as a
liai
son
betw
een
the
CIS
com
mun
ities
and
the
stat
e, o
ther
pub
lic a
genc
ies.
and
priv
ate
inte
rest
s.
.-.)
73
,
Mem
bers
hip
& O
rgan
izat
ion
The
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd fo
r C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
cons
ists
of c
abin
et-le
vel s
ecre
tarie
s fr
om th
e D
epar
tmen
tsof
Hea
lth: H
uman
Ser
vice
s: L
abor
; Chi
ldre
n, Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
(fo
rmer
ly th
e Y
outh
Aut
horit
y): a
nd th
eC
hief
Sta
te
Sch
ool O
ffice
r. T
en o
ther
indi
vidu
als
wer
e ap
poin
ted
byG
over
nor
Bru
ce K
ing
from
var
ious
par
ts o
f the
sta
te,
incl
udin
g
one
repr
esen
tatk
e fr
om e
ach
of th
ese
lect
ed c
omm
uniti
es. A
s th
e C
IS p
rogr
am e
xpan
ds, t
heS
tate
Adv
isor
y B
oard
will
expa
nd to
incl
ude
repr
esen
tatk
es
from
eac
h ne
w s
ite.
Eac
h co
mm
unity
has
cre
ated
a p
rivat
e, n
on-p
rofit
umbr
ella
org
aniz
atio
n, o
r de
sign
ated
one
that
alre
ady
exis
ts (
e.g.
. LlM
ted
Way
), to
hou
se it
s lo
cal C
ISho
ard.
The
se lo
cal e
ntiti
es g
o un
der
vario
us
nam
es, i
nclu
ding
Com
mun
ityP
artn
ersh
ip; t
he C
oalit
ion
for
Chi
ldre
n. Y
outh
, and
Fam
ilies
;an
d
Com
mun
ity fo
r C
hild
ren.
You
th. a
nd F
amili
es. S
tatu
s as
apr
ivat
e, n
on-p
rofit
, inc
orpo
rate
d in
stitu
-
tion
mak
es th
e in
itiat
ke c
omm
unity
-ow
ned
and
com
mun
ity-g
uide
d.
Eac
h co
mm
unity
als
o cr
eate
s a
pre-
impl
emen
tatio
nta
sk fo
rce
of v
olun
teer
s to
acc
ompl
ish
a va
riety
of s
tart
-up
task
s, in
clud
ing:
sel
ectin
g or
cre
atin
g a
501(
c )3
inco
rpor
ated
non
-pro
fit o
rgan
izat
ion.
cond
uctin
g an
ass
essm
ent o
f lea
ders
hip
and
com
mun
ityne
eds,
fund
-rai
sing
. and
pub
lic r
elat
ions
.
The
task
forc
e al
so e
stab
lishe
s a
loca
l CIS
hoa
rdby
sol
iciti
ng a
pplic
atio
ns. n
omin
atin
g po
tent
ial
mem
bers
. and
sel
ectin
g fin
al m
embe
rs b
y vo
te. B
yru
le, a
max
imum
of 5
04 o
f boa
rd m
embe
rshi
p
mus
t be
from
pub
lic e
ntiti
es: t
here
mai
nder
is p
rivat
e. M
embe
rs o
f the
com
mun
ity h
oard
acr
oss
all
tour
site
s in
clud
e re
pres
enta
tives
from
suc
hen
titie
s as
: thc
loca
l dep
artm
ents
of l
abor
, hum
an s
er-
% ic
es, h
ousi
ng. p
ublic
saf
ety.
.la
w e
nfor
cem
ent,
educ
atio
n, h
ealth
, and
eco
nom
icde
velo
pmen
t; ar
i-
ous
gmer
ning
ent
ities
(e
g.. c
ity. c
ount
y.tr
ibal
): p
aren
ts; c
omm
unity
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs: b
usin
ess:
olun
tary
org
aniz
atio
ns: v
ocat
iona
l and
uni
vers
ityin
stitu
tions
: and
rel
igio
us g
roup
s. S
ome
of th
e
CIS
boa
rds
are
cons
ider
ing
invo
lvin
g a
high
-ris
kst
uden
t on
the
boar
d. o
r cr
eatin
g a
stud
ent a
dvis
o-
ry c
ounc
il to
pro
vide
inpu
t to
the
boar
d.
!las
ing
non-
prof
it st
atus
req
uire
s th
at th
e bo
ard
esfr
iblis
h by
law
s th
at in
clud
e gu
idel
ines
for
mem
bers
hip
and
offic
ers.
The
hoa
rd c
an r
ecru
it po
tent
ial m
embe
rs p
erio
dica
llyan
d til
l vac
ant p
ositi
ons
from
the
pool
as
they
aris
e.V
acan
t pos
i-
tions
are
fille
d ac
cord
ing
to th
at m
embe
r's a
ffilia
tion
as a
publ
ic o
r pr
ivat
e re
pres
enta
tive,
but
not
nec
essa
rily
with
som
e-
one
from
his
/her
spe
cific
orga
niza
tion
(i.e.
, a p
ositi
on h
eld
by a
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
tsta
ff m
embe
r m
ust b
e til
led
by a
pub
-
lic r
epre
sent
atk
e bu
t not
nec
essa
rily
som
eone
from
the
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
t). A
ll bo
ard
mem
bers
cur
rent
ly a
refu
ll vo
ting
mem
bers
. In
an e
ffort
to e
xpan
d th
e co
mm
unity
'spa
rtic
ipat
ion
in th
e C
IS p
rogr
am, h
owev
er, o
ne s
ite is
expe
rimen
ting
v. it
h th
e di
ffere
ntia
tion
of b
oard
mem
bers
' rol
es a
nd v
otin
g st
atus
. Mem
bers
of t
heex
ecut
ive,
or
wor
king
, hoa
rd v
ote
regu
larly
on
issu
es r
elat
ed to
the
CIS
pro
gram
.M
embe
rshi
p on
a g
ener
al c
omm
unity
boa
rd is
ope
n to
any
one
thro
ugh
pay
men
t of m
odes
t mem
bers
hip
dues
. The
gen
eral
boa
rd m
eets
at l
east
ann
ually
and
all m
emhe
rs h
ave
a vo
te.
f Dec
isio
nmak
ing
Eac
h lo
cal C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
hoa
rdm
akes
all
deci
sion
s re
gard
ing
sele
ctin
g, h
ir-in
g, a
nd g
uidi
ng th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
dire
c-to
r. T
he h
oard
man
ages
its
finan
ces.
iden
ti-fie
s lo
cal p
robl
ems
and
trai
ning
issu
es u
niqu
eto
the
com
mun
ity. a
nd is
res
pons
ible
for
plan
ning
and
impl
emen
ting
the
CIS
pro
gram
.
For
app
roxi
mat
ely
one
hour
bef
ore
a lo
cal
CIS
boa
rd m
eetin
g. th
ere
is a
com
mun
ityin
put p
erio
d so
indi
vidu
als
from
the
com
mu-
nity
can
rai
se is
sues
and
con
cern
s, m
ake
anno
unce
men
ts, s
hare
act
iviti
es a
nd c
eleb
ra-
tions
. and
mak
e re
com
men
datio
ns.
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Maf
t4C
44A
W41
,-2.
1'
Acc
ount
abili
tyT
he s
tate
is c
omm
itted
to w
orki
ng c
lose
lyw
ith lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es to
ena
ble
the
Com
mun
ities
in S
choo
ls h
oard
s an
d th
eir
prog
ram
s to
suc
ceed
. Eac
h lo
cal b
oard
de
el-
ops
an a
nnua
l wor
king
pla
n th
at id
entif
ies
itsob
ject
ives
, def
ines
res
pons
ihili
ties,
set
s tim
e-lin
es, a
nd d
escr
ibes
nee
ded
reso
urce
s. T
hest
ate
dire
ctor
wor
ks c
olla
bora
tivel
v w
ith th
ebo
ard
durin
g th
is p
lann
ing
proc
ess.
The
sta
te r
egar
ds c
omm
unit
outc
omes
as
lear
ning
s th
at c
an in
form
cha
nges
at t
hest
ate
and
loca
l lee
ls. I
f diff
icul
ties
aris
e.th
e st
ate
ciin
side
rs th
em a
s a
s) s
tem
issu
ean
d .:,
oes
-bac
k to
the
draw
ing
tabl
e- w
ith
the
com
mun
it. T
oget
her
they
iden
tify
prob
-le
ms,
det
erm
ine
wha
t is
not w
orki
ng, a
ndde
cide
w h
at is
nee
ded
to r
esok
e th
em. S
uch
colla
bora
tion
mig
ht r
equi
re a
full
disc
ussi
onof
the
prob
lem
, if i
ts a
fina
ncia
l iss
ue, i
tm
a m
ean
expl
orat
ion
of h
ow to
acq
uire
need
ed r
esou
rces
.
CIS
hoa
rds
ids(
) pa
rtic
ipat
e in
a h
road
erre
sear
ch a
nd e
alua
tiOn
effo
rt u
nder
the
aus-
pice
s of
the
Chi
ldre
n, Y
outh
, and
Fam
ilies
Dep
artm
ent.
Tha
t dep
artm
ent i
s lo
okin
g at
the
prog
ress
of m
mun
icio
us s
taiL
. A id
e co
llabo
rati
e in
itiat
ives
.
vac-
cw.g
rart
siag
iem
ftiva
Loca
l Fun
ctio
nsLo
cal C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
boa
rds
are
enga
ged
in a
var
iety
of f
unct
ions
rel
ated
toth
eir
role
as
a lia
ison
bet
wee
n co
mm
unity
age
ncie
s an
d ch
ildre
n, y
outh
, and
fam
ilies
.M
ajor
loca
l fun
ctio
ns in
clud
e: (
a) r
ecru
iting
com
mun
ity a
genc
y pe
rson
nel t
o de
liver
on-c
ampu
s se
rvic
es, (
b) c
oord
inat
ing
cam
pus
serv
ices
bet
wee
n ex
tern
al a
genc
ies
and
clie
nts,
(c)
rel
ocat
ing
serv
ices
to o
ther
com
mun
ity s
ites.
(d)
mak
ing
refe
rral
s to
com
-m
unity
org
aniz
atio
ns fo
r se
rvic
es n
ot a
vaila
ble
at th
e sc
hool
site
, (e)
rec
ruiti
ng a
ndco
ordi
natin
g vo
lunt
eers
, (f)
pro
vidi
ng p
aren
t sup
port
via
hom
e vi
sits
and
hel
p w
ithba
sic
need
s (e
.g.,
payi
ng fo
r ut
ilitie
s). a
nd (
g) r
einf
orci
ng s
tude
nts'
beh
avio
r an
d tO
l-IO
W in
g up
on
prob
lem
s ou
tsid
e of
sch
ool t
hrou
gh a
com
mun
ity n
etw
ork
of s
choo
l and
exte
rnal
age
ncie
s.
The
boa
rds
also
focu
s on
em
pow
erin
g yo
ung
peop
le b
y ge
tting
them
invo
lved
in m
eet-
ing
thei
r ow
n go
als,
and
em
pow
erin
g th
e co
mm
unity
by
getti
ng it
invo
lved
in s
olvi
ngits
ow
n pr
oble
ms.
For
exa
mpl
e. a
-T
ake
Bac
k th
e P
ark-
pro
gram
by
one
CIS
com
mu-
nity
bro
ught
peo
ple
toge
ther
to c
omba
t gan
g ac
tivity
in a
loca
l par
k. R
esid
ents
wor
ked
toge
ther
to c
lean
up
graf
fiti a
nd s
et u
p on
-goi
ng a
ctiv
ities
for
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
si 6
75
Ser
vice
Del
iver
yC
ase
man
agem
ent a
nd h
ome
visi
ts a
re tw
o im
port
ant s
trat
e-gi
es u
sed
by C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
to e
nsur
e th
at s
ervi
cede
lker
y is
app
ropr
iate
for
fam
ilies
. A c
omm
unity
focu
sle
ads
soni
c si
tes
to s
pons
or o
r co
ordi
nate
soc
ial,
cultu
ral,
pare
nt. a
nd fa
mily
eve
nts.
Oth
er s
ites
orga
nize
rec
reat
iona
lpr
ogra
ms
for
yout
h. p
artic
ular
ly in
rur
al a
reas
whe
re th
eus
e of
Nat
iona
l Gua
rd fa
cilit
ies
and
cultu
ral o
utin
gs a
rehe
com
ing
maj
or s
trat
egie
s.
A n
umbe
r of
dire
ct s
er\ic
es a
re p
ros
idea
at C
IS s
ites.
incl
udin
g: (
a) a
cade
mic
tuto
ring.
(hi
em
ploy
men
t ass
is-
tanc
e. (
c) jo
b sk
ills
trai
ning
. (d)
lega
l and
med
ical
ass
is-
tanc
e. (
e) g
ang
pre\
ent
ion
acti%
ides
. (f)
par
ent t
rain
ing,
and
(g)
pare
nt/c
hild
med
iatio
n. C
ouns
elin
g is
pro
s id
ed a
t som
esi
tes.
incl
udin
g su
bsta
nce
abus
e co
unse
ling
\ ia
colla
bora
-tio
n am
ong
conn
ituni
k pr
os id
ers.
the
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
t,an
d pe
er c
ouns
elor
s.
i5F
Fun
ding
The
one
-yea
r gr
ant f
rom
the
U.S
. Dep
artm
ents
of L
abor
and
Jus
tice
and
the
natio
nal C
ities
in S
choo
lsof
fice
ende
d Ju
ne 3
0. 1
992.
Of t
he S
I00,
000
budg
et, 5
24.0
00 w
as a
lloca
ted
at 5
6000
per
Com
mun
ities
inS
choo
ls s
ite. F
rom
Jul
yI.
1992
thro
ugh
June
30.
199
4. th
e st
ate
will
hav
e S
50.0
00 fo
r ea
ch p
rogr
am y
ear
from
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lab
or. w
ith 8
per
cent
dis
cret
iona
ry m
oney
. It i
s ex
pect
ed th
at c
arry
-ove
r m
oney
from
the
initi
al g
rant
will
sup
plem
ent t
his
amou
nt.
Sta
te m
oney
is in
tend
ed o
nly
to p
ros
ide
star
t-up
ass
ista
nce
to a
site
. In
1992
-93.
the
5600
0 se
ed m
oney
was
used
by
each
loca
l site
to r
aise
mon
ey to
hire
a c
omm
unity
dire
ctor
. Som
e ne
eded
to r
aise
50'
4 or
less
of
the
nece
ssar
y m
oney
bec
ause
a lo
cal a
genc
y w
as w
illin
g to
pay
for
the
posi
tion.
or
repo
sitio
n so
meo
nepa
rt-t
ime,
or
cont
ribut
e fu
nds
to a
poo
l to
hire
the
dire
ctor
. All
curr
ent C
IS s
ites
say
they
nee
d di
rect
ors
who
can
dev
ote
them
sels
es
to c
oord
inat
ing
and/
or b
roke
ring
reso
urce
s an
d se
rvic
es a
nd to
mon
itorin
g th
epr
ogre
ss o
f pro
posa
ls s
ubm
itted
on
beha
lf of
the
C'IS
pro
gram
.
At t
he lo
cal l
evel
, com
mun
ities
mak
e in
-kin
d do
natio
ns o
f offi
ce m
ater
ials
, offi
ce s
pace
, and
pho
nes.
CIS
part
ners
als
o en
gage
in c
ost-
shar
ing.
In o
ne c
omm
unity
, for
exa
mpl
e. lo
cal r
epre
sent
ativ
es w
ere
able
toat
tend
a c
onfe
renc
e w
ith th
e D
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
pay
ing
for
mea
ls, t
he s
choo
l sys
tem
pay
ing
for
tran
s-po
rtat
ion.
and
CIS
pay
ing
the
regi
stra
tion
fees
. The
bus
ines
s co
mm
unity
als
o pr
ovid
es d
onat
ions
. fun
d-ra
isin
g, a
nd r
esou
rce
deve
lopm
ent a
ssis
tanc
e.
At t
he s
tate
leve
l, th
e st
ate
does
a lo
t of f
undr
aisi
ng a
nd c
oord
inat
ing
with
oth
er e
ntiti
es. F
or e
xam
ple.
ape
rcen
tage
of D
WI (
drin
king
whi
le in
toxi
cate
d) c
ourt
fine
s go
es to
sub
stan
ce a
buse
pro
gram
s.T
heD
epar
tmen
t of L
abor
hel
ped
pay
for
trav
el a
nd p
er d
iem
for
loca
l CIS
liai
sons
to tr
avel
to th
e S
tate
Ads
isor
y B
oard
mee
ting.
The
sta
te d
irect
or h
elps
com
mun
ities
iden
tify
reso
urce
opp
ortu
nitie
s (i.
e.. w
hat
Req
uest
s F
or P
ropo
sal a
re a
vaila
ble)
and
pro
vide
s te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e in
writ
ing
prop
osal
s. S
he h
as g
iven
loca
l boa
rds
a fo
rmat
for
mak
ing
requ
ests
for
CIS
pro
ject
s. T
he s
tate
dire
ctor
als
o ne
gotia
ted
with
the
Juve
nile
Jus
tice
Adv
isor
y. C
omm
ittee
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lab
or to
get
add
ition
al s
lots
for
CIS
you
th in
the
1993
sum
mer
you
th p
rogr
am, a
s w
ell a
s an
othe
r se
ason
al w
orke
r po
sitio
n fo
r ea
ch C
IS c
omm
unity
.
Fin
ally
. the
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd w
ants
to e
nsur
e th
at e
ach
new
CIS
com
mun
ity is
pro
vide
d W
OO
see
dm
oney
and
a c
erta
in p
ropo
rtio
n of
gen
eral
sta
te r
even
ues
will
go
to th
e si
tes
that
are
alre
ady
esta
blis
hed.
The
Sta
te A
ds is
ory
Boa
rd, s
tate
dire
ctor
. and
Gov
erno
r's O
ffice
are
look
ing
at th
e po
ssib
ility
of i
nstit
utio
n-al
izin
g fu
ndin
g th
roug
h le
gisl
atio
n. T
here
is a
lso
a co
mm
itmen
t fro
m th
e C
hild
ren.
You
th. a
nd F
amili
esD
epat
men
t to
help
the
CIS
pro
gram
suc
ceed
. Thi
s ye
ar's
out
com
e\ w
ill p
rik id
e th
e ba
sis
for
reco
min
cnd-
Ing
that
eac
h ct
utim
unity
get
a fu
nded
dire
ctor
pos
ition
.
ia5
Fin
ding
Com
mon
Gro
und:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
re
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
nL
ocal
Com
mun
ities
in S
choo
ls b
oard
s ke
ep m
eetin
g m
inut
es, m
ake
mon
thly
rep
orts
, and
dev
elop
cas
e fi
les
of s
tude
nts.
The
) al
so c
olle
ct s
uch
data
as:
rep
ositi
oned
sta
ff, r
epos
ition
ed h
ours
, typ
esof
pro
gram
s pr
ovid
ed, r
efer
rals
to th
e C
ISpr
ogra
m (
incl
udin
g th
e nt
mth
er th
at a
re s
erve
d w
ithin
the
prog
ram
com
pare
d to
out
side
the
prog
ram
), c
lient
s th
at n
eed
furt
her
sers
ices
. vol
unte
ers.
and
hou
rs p
rovi
ded
by v
olun
teer
s.
Opt
imal
l . th
e st
ate
wan
ts d
ata
that
dem
onst
rate
that
the
com
mun
ity h
as"s
tret
ched
- its
elf,
and
the
stat
e ha
s m
axim
ized
its r
esou
rces
. The
stu
dent
cas
e fi
les
are
inte
nded
to s
how
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
plac
ed in
jobs
and
the
exte
nt to
whi
chdr
op(m
t. po
s er
t and
cri
me
rate
's h
a c
decl
ined
.
The
sta
te a
lso
is s
eeki
ng a
uni
form
app
roac
h to
w r
akin
g w
ithfa
mili
es. T
his
requ
ires
an
info
rmat
ion
syst
em th
at w
illen
able
dec
isio
nmak
ers
to g
athe
r da
ta th
at w
ill h
elp
them
(a)
iden
tify
syst
emst
reng
ths
and
defi
cien
cies
. (b)
fac
ilita
teco
llabo
ratio
n in
pla
nnin
g ...
ers
ices
, and
tc)
aoid
dup
licat
ion
in s
ervi
cede
liver
y. I
n th
is w
ay, t
he s
tate
can
sho
w h
ow
sx s
tem
cha
nges
has
c e
limin
ated
res
ourc
eex
pend
iture
s in
one
are
a, e
nabl
ing
them
to b
e us
ed e
lsew
here
.
Thi
s w
hole
pro
cess
is v
ery
time-
cons
umin
g: y
ou h
ave
to b
e w
illin
gto
put
any
age
nda
asid
e an
d ta
ke it
whe
re th
e co
mm
unity
is. I
f you
have
thin
gs o
n th
e ag
enda
and
you'
re o
nly
on it
em th
ree
but i
tisre
ally
impo
rtan
t to
tluqn
. you
nee
dto
be
able
to b
ring
som
e cl
osur
e to
it be
lOre
you
mov
e on
or
it w
illco
me
back
and
bite
von.
Mar
ty M
irah
elD
eput
y D
irec
tor
for
Com
mun
ity P
lann
ing
Chi
ldre
n, Y
outh
. and
Fam
ilies
Dep
artm
ent
Cre
atin
g L
ocal
Gov
erna
nce
Stru
ctur
es o
Con
tact
Per
son
Mar
ty N
lirab
el, D
eput
y D
irect
or to
rC
omm
unity
Pla
nnin
gC
hild
ren.
Yoa
th, a
nd k
imili
eskp
ai u
nent
NC
W ;N
le s
ico
You
th D
iagn
ostic
and
1)es
elo
pmen
t ( 'e
nter
1(X
X)
Edi
th N
EA
Ibuq
nerq
ue, N
NI 5
71D
7(S
()5)
541
-242
7ci
uS)
527
7(02
ice
New
. Mex
ico
Lear
ning
s
Uni
que
Fea
ture
sA
uni
que
feat
ure
of N
ew M
exic
o's
Com
mun
ities
in S
choo
ls in
itiat
ive
is th
ele
ader
ship
that
is c
omm
itted
to c
olla
bora
tion.
Cab
inet
-leve
l sec
reta
ries
asw
ell a
s th
e G
over
nor
and
Mrs
. Kin
g sh
are
and
dem
onst
rate
a c
omm
itmen
tto
invo
lvin
g fa
mili
es, c
omm
uniti
es, a
nd g
over
nmen
ts in
col
labo
rativ
eef
fort
s th
at h
elp
youn
g pe
ople
gra
duat
e fr
om h
igh-
sch
ool.
The
sta
te is
wor
king
to m
odel
col
labo
ratio
n an
d ris
k-ta
king
for
com
mun
ities
. Sta
tede
cisi
onm
aker
s st
rise
to c
omm
unic
ate
to lo
cal l
eade
rs th
at th
cy m
ust d
obu
sine
ss d
iffer
ently
, and
that
they
nee
d co
mm
unity
par
ticip
atio
n to
do
so.
Var
ious
sta
te in
itiat
ives
, inc
ludi
ng th
e cr
eatio
n of
the
Chi
ldro
n. Y
outh
, and
Fam
ilies
Dep
artm
ent.
are
step
s to
war
d in
stitu
tiona
lizin
g th
is c
omm
itmen
t.
New
Mex
ico
is a
ttem
ptin
g to
fost
er a
blam
e-fr
ee a
ttitu
de o
f acc
ount
abili
tyam
ong
all i
ndix
idua
ls a
nd o
rgan
iza-
tions
. Rea
lizin
g th
at c
onfli
ct is
like
ly to
aris
e an
d di
ffere
nces
nee
d to
be
addr
esse
d ra
ther
than
igno
red.
the
stat
epr
os id
es a
mec
hani
sm a
nd p
lace
for
conf
lict r
esol
utio
n --
it ha
s se
t for
thex
pect
atio
ns fo
r co
mm
unity
. inv
olve
-m
ent i
n lo
cal C
IS b
oard
mee
tings
and
loca
l par
ticip
atio
n at
the
Sta
te A
dvis
ory
Boa
rd m
eetin
gs.
Fin
ally
, to
achi
eve
loca
l em
pow
erm
ent
and
colla
bora
tion,
the
stat
e pr
ovid
es th
em
ost i
mpo
rtan
t res
ourc
es: t
rain
ing.
time.
com
mitm
ent.
and
appr
opria
tete
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e. S
tate
dec
isio
nmak
-er
s, fo
r in
stan
ce, a
re s
ensi
tixe
to th
e fa
ctth
at c
omm
uniti
es w
ho r
eally
nee
d as
sis-
tanc
e of
ten
don'
t hav
e an
d ca
n't g
et th
eex
pert
ise
to r
espo
nd e
ffect
is e
ly to
Req
uest
s fo
r P
ropo
sal (
RI:P
s). A
s a
resu
lt, th
e st
ate
has
wor
ked
to m
ake
itea
sier
for
com
mun
ities
to r
espo
nd to
lund
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
.
Sta
te R
ole
A s
tate
inte
rest
ed in
sup
port
ing
an in
itiat
ive
such
as
New
Mex
ico'
s C
omm
uniti
es in
Sch
ools
nee
ds to
dev
elop
cro
ss-s
yste
m s
trat
egie
s in
volv
ing
all e
ntiti
es in
the
iden
ti-fic
atio
n, d
efin
ition
, and
res
olut
ion
of p
robl
ems.
Ano
ther
fund
amen
tal r
ole
for
a st
ate
is ta
cklin
g fin
anci
ng a
nd r
esou
rce
issu
es. I
t als
o ne
eds
to d
evel
op a
rel
iabl
e in
form
a-tio
n sy
stem
that
incl
udes
per
form
ance
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd h
olds
mul
tiple
age
ncie
s,ra
ther
than
indi
vidu
al p
rogr
ams,
acc
ount
able
for
achi
evin
g ou
tcom
es fo
r fa
mili
esan
d ch
ildre
n. In
this
last
are
a, N
ew M
exic
o is
com
pilin
g a
repo
rt c
ard
to a
sses
s th
ew
ell-b
eing
of i
ts c
omm
uniti
es a
ccor
ding
to s
uch
mea
sure
s as
pov
erty
, gra
duat
ion.
and
mor
talit
y.
The
sta
te n
eeds
to p
rovi
de tr
aini
ng o
n em
pow
erm
ent a
nd c
olla
bora
tion
to e
nsur
eth
at th
e to
p-do
wn
appr
oach
is e
limin
ated
, and
that
pla
ns b
egin
with
com
mun
ities
and
go fo
rwar
d. B
etw
een
the
stat
e an
d lo
cal s
yste
ms,
ther
e m
ust b
e a
syst
emat
icbr
eakd
own
of is
olat
ion:
sta
te g
over
nmen
t mus
t go
out t
o co
mm
uniti
es. M
echa
nism
sfo
r co
nflic
t res
olut
ion
mus
t he
iden
tifie
d, a
nd a
prio
rity
need
s to
he
plac
ed o
n un
der-
stan
ding
cul
tura
l diff
eren
ces.
With
in th
e st
ate
syst
em it
self,
pol
icie
s an
d jo
b de
scrip
-tio
ns o
f sta
ff at
the
clie
nt a
nd s
uper
visi
on le
vels
nee
d to
be
serio
usly
eva
luat
ed to
see
if th
ey a
re w
ritt
en to
ena
ble
indi
vidu
als
to d
o w
hat t
hey'
re b
eing
ask
ed to
do.
Sta
tes
mus
t pla
y a
maj
or r
ole
in c
omm
unic
atio
n. r
athe
r th
an d
epen
d on
the
med
ia to
educ
ate
the
publ
ic a
bout
hum
an n
eeds
. The
pub
lic n
eeds
an
awar
enes
s of
bot
h ho
wch
ildre
n, y
outh
. and
fam
ilies
are
farin
g, a
nd h
ow s
ocia
l ser
s ic
es s
yste
ms
are
per-
form
ing.
Fin
ally
, sta
te g
o\ e
rnm
ent n
eeds
to e
ngag
e in
coo
pera
tke
deci
sion
mak
ing
with
com
-m
uniti
es r
egar
ding
fund
ing
prio
ritie
s an
d, u
ltim
atel
y, fu
ndin
g re
ques
ts to
he
mad
e to
the
Legi
slat
ure.
The
sta
te a
lso
can
take
the
lead
in le
arni
ng h
ow to
max
imiz
e fe
dera
len
title
men
t Rin
ds a
nd u
se o
r re
dire
ct e
xist
ing
dolla
rs to
war
d co
mm
on g
oals
.
78F
indi
ng C
omm
on G
rour
d:
App
endi
x
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
164
b61
79
An
Inve
stig
atio
n of
Loc
alG
over
nanc
e St
ruct
ures
in E
ight
Sta
tes,
col
labo
rativ
ely
spon
sore
d by
:
Tex
as G
over
nor's
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
Tex
as H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Com
mis
sion
Tex
as D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Sout
hwes
t Edu
catio
nal D
evel
opm
entL
abor
ator
y (S
ED
L)
ti
Intr
oduc
tion
Dur
ing
this
con
vers
atio
n w
e w
ill b
e ta
lkin
gab
out t
he h
isto
ry, o
rgan
izat
ion,
and
uniq
ue f
eatu
res
of y
our
stat
e in
itiat
ive
and
the
loca
l gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
es (
LG
Ss)
that
impl
emen
t the
initi
ativ
e at
the
loca
l lev
el.
Sta
te In
itiat
ive
Wou
ld y
ou e
xpla
in h
ow th
e in
itiat
ive
star
ted?
2.C
an y
ou d
escr
ibe
the
mis
sion
and
goa
ls o
f th
ein
itiat
ive'
?
Wha
t spe
cifi
c ou
tcom
es d
oes
the
initi
ativ
e in
tend
toac
hiev
e or
hel
p
achi
tne
in th
e st
ate?
4.Fl
oN d
oes
the
initi
ati%
e c
olab
orat
e or
coo
rdin
ate
ith o
ther
fed
eral
or
stat
e in
itiat
ives
and
ent
ities
?
5.W
hat d
oes
the
stat
e do
to e
nabl
e lo
cal g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
to g
o -
ern
them
sel e
s an
d to
car
ry o
utth
eir
func
tions
as
impl
emen
ters
of
the
initi
atke
?
iFi
ndin
g C
omm
on G
roun
d:
Loca
l Gov
erna
nce
Str
uctu
res
I.C
an y
ou d
escr
ibe
the
mem
bers
hip
and
orga
niza
tion
of th
e en
tity
oren
titie
s th
at d
irect
the
loca
l effo
rts'
?
2.W
hat d
ecis
ionm
akin
g au
thor
itv r
esid
es a
t the
loca
l lev
el?
llow
are
the
I .(I
S. h
eld
acco
unta
ble
for
expe
cted
out
com
es?
4.W
hat
are
the
maj
or r
ullil
lon,
car
ried
out b
y th
e I.G
Ss?
II on
e tu
nctio
n of
the
1.G
S. i
s, to
pro
s id
e ,,e
rsic
es. t
o ch
ildre
n. fa
mi-
lies.
and
oth
er c
hent
,.. s
hat
ktn
d,, o
l .er
sice
,, do
the
delis
er o
r co
n-tr
act'
W o
uld
vou
desc
ribe
how
the
1.(1
5s o
btai
n an
d us
e fu
nds
to c
am o
utth
eir
func
tions
,?
1)o
the
I(
iSs
colle
ct d
ata
that
are
use
d. o
r w
. ill
he u
sed,
bv
the
stat
e?It
so. d
escr
ibe
them
.
Cre
atin
g Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e S
truc
ture
s
Lear
ning
s1.
Wha
t mak
es th
is o
vera
ll ef
fort
diff
eren
t fro
m w
ays
of d
oing
bus
ines
sin
the
past
?
2.H
ow w
ould
you
sug
gest
that
sta
tes
supp
ort t
he d
evel
opm
ent a
ndm
aint
enan
ce o
f loc
al g
over
nanc
e st
ruct
ures
des
igne
d to
impr
ove
the
deliv
ery
of h
ealth
and
hum
an s
ervi
ces
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
?
8 I
Ark
ansa
sA
rkan
sas
Fam
ilies
Firs
tA
nn K
amps
, Spe
cial
Ass
ista
ntFa
mily
Pol
icy
Cou
ncil
Off
ice
of th
e G
over
nor
Ken
ny W
hitlo
ck, D
irec
tor
Eco
nom
ic a
nd M
edic
al S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s
Cal
iforn
iaH
ealth
y S
tart
(S
enat
e B
ill 6
20)
Jane
Hen
ders
on. A
ssis
tant
Sup
erin
tend
ent
of P
ublic
Ins
truc
tion
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
Col
orad
oF
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Initi
ativ
eC
laud
ia Z
unde
l, Fa
mily
Cen
ter
Coo
rdin
ator
Off
ice
of th
e G
over
nor
Flo
rida
Dis
tric
t Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s B
oard
sB
ill B
entle
y. A
ssis
tant
Dep
uty
Secr
etar
ytO
r H
uman
Ser
vice
sD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tive
Serv
ices
Kay
ce M
orto
n. G
over
nmen
tal A
naly
sttO
r Pl
anni
ng a
nd B
udge
ting
Off
ice
of th
e G
over
nor
Paul
Bel
cher
. Pol
io C
oord
inat
orfo
r I
leal
th a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
sO
ffic
e of
the
Gov
erno
r
d
Luc
y H
adi,
Dep
uty
Secr
etar
y fo
r M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
sD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tive
Serv
ices
Iow
aF
amily
Dev
elop
men
t and
Sel
f-S
uffic
ienc
y P
rogr
am-
Bet
te C
rum
rine
, Pro
gram
Man
ager
Fam
ily D
evel
opm
ent a
nd S
elf-
Suff
icie
ncy
Prog
ram
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Rig
hts
Rod
ney
K. H
uene
man
n, C
hief
Bur
eau
of C
omm
unity
Ser
vice
sD
ivis
ion
of C
omm
unity
Act
ion
Age
ncie
sD
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an R
ight
s
Ken
tuck
yF
amily
Res
ourc
e C
ente
rs a
ndY
outh
Ser
vice
s C
ente
rsT
om W
illis
. Leg
isla
tive
Fisc
al A
naly
stL
egis
lativ
e R
esea
rch
Com
mis
sion
Mar
ylan
dC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Ref
orm
Initi
ativ
eD
onna
Sta
rk. S
tate
Dir
ecto
rSe
rvic
es R
efor
m I
nitia
tive
New
Mex
ico
Com
mun
ities
in S
choo
lsM
arty
Mir
abel
. Dep
uty
Dir
ecto
r fo
r C
omm
unity
Pla
nnin
gC
hild
ren,
You
th, a
nd F
amili
es D
epar
tmen
t
lij
.1jr
..
I
t.
'-
;;::
1.1
'
r.
,474
,..,
.'.1
1
Sou
thw
est E
duca
tiona
l Dev
elop
men
t Lab
orat
ory
2 11
1..d
.t Se
vent
h St
reet
, Auq
in, T
exit'
s 78
701
(512
) 47
6-68
61
.1E
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
