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PREFACE
The management is primarily a human activity. For the effective managerial
functions the professional art and the science of working with and through
the people is very important. Managerial studies are hence, expected to be not
only theoretical but also practical to equip the student with a sound
knowledge only then the students coming, out of many managerial
educational institution after having been shaped with knowledge of various
managerial function could be able and efficient of plan , organize and control
the five M’s that means men, machine, material, money and method in
contributing their respective shape in achievement of both organizational and
individuals motives.
The banking sector is a servicing industry and it deals in providing financial
services. Financial statements for banks present a different analytical problem
than manufacturing and service companies. As a result, analysis of a bank's
financial statements requires a distinct approach that recognizes a bank's
somewhat unique risks.
As one of the most highly regulated banking industries in the world, investors
have some level of assurance in the soundness of the banking system. As a
result, investors can focus most of their efforts on how a bank will perform in
different economic environments.
Comparative study of balance sheet makes us to know the amount of
deposits, borrowings, availability of funds, reserves, and the cash position.
The soundness of bank can be determined with the study of financial
statements.
1
CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENT PAGES
CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION 1-4
CHAPTER- II BANK’S PROFILE 5-27
CHAPTER- III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28-31
CHAPTER- IV BALANCE SHEET 32-36
CHAPTER- V OBJECTIVES & TOOLS OF STUDY 37
CHAPTER- VI BALANCE SHEET OF APEX BANK’S 38-41
CHAPTER- VIIDATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION42-54
CHAPTER- VIII LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 55
CHAPTER-IX FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 56-57
CHAPTER-X CONCLUSION 58
CHAPTER-XI ANNEXURE 59-62
CHAPTER-XII BIBLIOGRAPHY 63
2
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF BANK
An organization usually a corporation, chartered by a State or Federal
government, which does most or all of the following: Bank receives demand
deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays
interest on them;
Discounts notes,
Makes loans,
And invests in securities;
collects cheques, drafts, and notes;
Certifies depositor’s cheques; and issues drafts and cashier's
cheques.
MEANING OF BANKING
Banking is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions
on financial activities by banks have varied over time. Banking = holds an
active account at a bank. Normally used in relation to depositing or cashing
payroll checks. Non-Banking = Does not hold an active or open account at a
bank. Normally referred to when one is cashing payroll checks at a check
cashing location.
Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The first
banks were The General Bank of India, which started in 1786, and Bank of
Hindustan, which started in 1790; both are now defunct. The oldest bank in
existence in India is the State Bank of India, which originated as the Bank of
Calcutta in June 1806, and immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This
was one of the three presidency Banks, the other two being the Bank of
1
Bombay and the Bank of Madras, all three of which were established under
charters from the British East India Company. For many years the Presidency
banks acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors. The three banks
merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's
independence, became the State Bank of India.
Types of banks
1. Retail bank
2. Commercial bank
3. Investment bank
4. Central bank
5. Credit unions
6. Online banks
7. Savings and loans
1. A retail bank is a bank that works with consumers, otherwise known as
'retail customers'. Retail banks provide basic banking services to the
general public, including:
Checking and savings accounts
CDs
Safe deposit boxes
Mortgages and second mortgages
Auto loans
Unsecured and revolving loans such as credit cards
2. A commercial bank is a bank that works with businesses. Commercial
banks handle banking needs for large and small businesses, including:
2
Basic accounts such as savings and checking
Lending money for real and capital purchases
Lines of credit
Letters of credit
Lockbox services
Payment and transaction processing
Foreign exchange
Commercial banks often function as retail banks as well, serving
individuals along with businesses.
3. Investment banks help organizations use investment markets.
For example, when a company wants to raise money by issuing stocks
or bonds, an investment bank helps them through the process.
Investment banks also consult on mergers and acquisitions, among
other things. Investment banks primarily work in the investment
markets and do not take customer deposits. However, some large
investment banks also serve as commercial banks or retail banks.
4. A central bank is an organization responsible for managing banking
activity. Within the USA the central bank is the Federal Reserve, or
'the Fed'. Other countries have central banks as well. Their roles are
similar, but they may have different objectives. In the US, the central
bank has three primary goals:
Conduct monetary policy
3
Supervise and regulate financial firms
Provide financial services
5. Credit unions are nonprofit organizations that strive for service over
profitability. A credit union is an institution owned by the “members”
or customers. Contrast this with banks where the customers are just
customers. Banks answer to profitability.
6. Online banks are banks that you primarily (or exclusively) use on the
Internet. Online banks allow you to have more choice and flexibility.
You can do things on a computer, and you often get more competitive
rates from online banks. They claim that they do not have the overhead
and expenses associated with brick-and-mortar banks, so they can pass
the savings on to you.
7. Savings and Loans (S&L's) are specialized banks created to promote
affordable homeownership. After World War II, the government
helped build the Savings and Loans industry by insuring deposits on
savings accounts. This encouraged people to save their money, despite
federally-regulated low interest rates.
*******
4
5
History of Apex Bank
M.P. State Coop. Bank Ltd. had been registered on 02/04/1912 (Under
Cooperative Act 1912, dhara 2) at Jabalpur naming “Provisional Cooperative
Bank Ltd. Central Provinces bar”, later on its Head Office has been
transferred to Nagpur. Bank has started its operations with the initial capital
of Rs.5.00 lakhs aiming to provide finance in the field of Agriculture. Earlier
individual shareholders were nominated as the representatives on the board of
the Bank, to provide the democratic status to the Bank; maximum share has
been transferred to cooperative societies and District Central Cooperative
Banks, which started a movement to form a Board of Apex Bank with the
representatives from Members Cooperative Institutions.
In the year 1956 Madhya Pradesh Cooperative Bank Ltd. Nagpur has been
divided and came into existence as “Mahakaushal Coop Bank“, Jabalpur with
the affiliations of 14 District Banks. With the reorganization of the Indian
state in the year 1956 and formation of new Madhya Pradesh state on 01 Nov,
1956 “Mahakaushal Coop Bank “ has been renamed as “M.P.RAJYA
SAHAKARI BANK MYDT. “ (M.P.STATE COOP BANK LTD.)expanding
their working with 56 District Central Coop Banks simply on the basis of one
district one bank rule the number of District Central Coop. Banks come to 52
in 1956,48 in 1961,44 in 1966,43 in 1968 and finally 45 after division of
“Bhopal District Central Coop Bank, “and Raisen District Central Coop
Bank.” again in November 2000 after the division of Madhya Pradesh State
and formation of New Chattisgarh State 7 Districts Central Coop Banks has
transferred to the new state and rest 38 districts Central Coop Banks has been
remained with “Madhya Pradesh State Coop Bank”.
6
Apex Bank Profile
M.P.RAJYA SAHAKARI BANK MYDT.(Apex Bank) is a premier
organization providing long term, medium term and short term Agriculture
finance in the state with help of NABARD through District Central Coop
Banks and Primary Agriculture Credit Cooperatives Societies (PACCs)to
farmers & different strata of the society in order to the fulfill their financial
requirements. Apex Bank is operating with their 20 Branches in the state
serving through the attractive Loan and deposit schemes. Apex Bank is
playing a pivotal in the field of providing rural finance in the M.P.State
providing Agriculture/Non-Agriculture Loans and Advances with the help of
NABARD under various schemes also offering commercial loans to customer
under the Loan portfolio such as Consumer Loans. Housing Loan, Higher
Education Loan, Project Loan, Vehicle Loan etc. to name a few.
7
Board of Directors
1 Shri Bhanwar Singh Shekhawat Chairman
2 Smt. Sarita Singh Vice Chairman
3 Shri Kailash Soni Vice Chairman
4 Shri Yashpal Singh Sisodia Member
5 Shri Kailash Sharma Member
6 Smt. Savatri Singh Member
7 Shri Maniram Member
8 Shri Asharam Member
9 Shri Ram Vilas Patel Member
10 Shri Ved Singh Thakur Member
11 Smt. Sampatiya Bai Uike Member
12 Shri Ramchandra Hirajee Member
13 Shri Amrik Singh Member
14 Shri Ranjeet Singh Chauhan Member
15 Shri Rajpal Singh Sisodia Member
16 Commissioner Cooperative & Registrar Cooperative Society M.P. Member
17 Chief General Manager, National Agri. & Rural Development
Bank, Regional office Bhopal.
Member
18 Managing Director, M.P. State Cooperative Bank, Bhopal. Member
Consolidated Financial Status of District Central8
Co-operative Bank
s.
No.
PARTICULARS 2007-08 2008-092009-10
Tentative
1 No. of DCCB 38 38 38
2 Share Capital 342.77 392.23 451.06
3 Reserves and Other Funds 1409.08 1568.16 1725.65
4 Deposits 5226.25 6041.53 7050.35
5 Borrowings 1883.37 1810.75 1919.40
6 Loans & Adv. O/S. 5262.44 5422.75 5802.34
7 Working Capital 8823.44
984
6.34 11027.90
8 Profit for the year (Amt.) 82.85 121.64 175.70
9 No. of Banks 37 37 38
10 Loss for the year (Amt.) 1.54 4.49 0
11 No. of Banks 1 1 0
12 Accumulated Profit (Amt.) 45.13 65.45 94.90
13 No. of Banks 15 17 19
14 Accumulated Loss (Amt.) 406.24 330.53 287.73
15 No. of Banks 23 21 19
Note: Above figures are in Crore
BRANCHES OF APEX BANK IN BHOPAL
9
.
10
1. Main Branch T.T. Nagar
2. Arera Colony
3. M.P. Nagar
4. Ibrahimpura
5. Indrapuri Piplani
6. Kotare Sultanabad
7. Malik Market Hamidia Road
The Reserve Bank of India, India's central banking authority, was
nationalized on January 1, 1949 under the terms of the Reserve Bank of
India (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948 (RBI, 2005b).[Reference
www.rbi.org.in]
In 1949, the Banking Regulation Act was enacted which empowered the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) "to regulate, control, and inspect the banks
in India."
11
The Banking Regulation Act also provided that no new bank or branch of
an existing bank could be opened without a license from the RBI, and no
two banks could have common directors.
Commercial Banking
Commercial Banking in India provides a full range of products and
services: Loan Products, Corporate Finance, Financial Markets,
Payments & Cash Management, Trade Finance Solutions and Debt
Capital Market.
RBI on Cooperative
In 1935 Reserve Bank of India was established. A separate section for
providing agricultural credit was opened. In 1937 this section studied
various problems of Indian co-operative movement and submitted its
report stating that development of co-operative societies should be given
priority.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD)
(NABARD) is an apex development bank in India based in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. NABARD was established on the recommendations of
Shivaraman Committee, by an act of Parliament on 12 July 1982 to
implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act
1981
NABARD’S ROLE: 1: serves as an apex financing agency for the
institutions providing investment and production credit for promoting the
various developmental activities in rural areas
12
2: co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in
developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with
Government of India, State Governments, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and
other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation
undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
NABARD's refinance is available to State Co-operative Agriculture and
Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs), State Co-operative Banks (SCBs),
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Commercial Banks (CBs) and other
financial institutions approved by RBI. While the ultimate beneficiaries of
investment credit can be individuals, partnership concerns, companies,
State-owned corporations or co-operative societies, production credit is
generally given to individuals.
NABARD's role in rural development in India is phenomenal.National
Bank For Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) is set up as an
apex
Development Bank by the Government of India with a mandate for
facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture,
cottage and village industries.
NABARD SANCTIONS FOUR TYPES OF LIMITS
ST (SAO)
13
OTHER CROPS OPP NPDP DTP
ST (SAO): SHORT TERM SEASONAL AGRICULTURAL
OPERATION.
OPP: OILSEED PRODUCTION PROJECT PROGRAMME
NPDP: NATIONAL PULSES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
DTP: DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBAL POPULATION
OTHER CROPS (EXCEPT OPP, NPDP, DTP)
ST (SAO) Production Loan
Different lines of production credit limit under ST (SAO) are made
available to the DCCBs for financing agriculture purposes viz. credit limit
for oilseed (OPP), Pulses (NPDP), Development of tribal populace (DTP)
and other crops (STN)
A. ST Credit Limit for Other Crops
During the year 2010-11, credit limit of Rs. 1586.02 crores was
sanctioned for financing in other crops to DCCBs for financing to
member farmers other than oilseeds & pulses crop.
14
B. Oilseed Production Programme
During the year 2010-11 under Oilseed Production Programme,
Apex Bank has sanctioned aggregate credit limit to the tune of
Rs.965.19 crores to DCCBs for disbursing the crop loan to the farmer
members of the PACS.
C. Credit limit for Pulses (NPDP)
3 DCCBs were sanctioned total credit limit of Rs.32.34 crores for
disbursement in pulses crops for the year 2010-11.
D. Credit limit for Development of Tribal Population
(DTP)
In the year 1995-96, Govt. of India has started special programme for
development of Tribal populace. Under the above programme, 19 tribal
dominated districts of Madhya Pradesh have been selected and credit
limit to the tune of Rs. 218.35 crores was sanctioned to 14 DCCBs in
the year 2010-11.
THREE TIER STRUCTURE OF APEX BANK
S.C.B.
D.C.C.B
P.A.C.S
FARMERS 15
SCB State Co-Operative Bank (Apex Bank)
DCCB District Central Co-Operative Bank
PACS Primary Agriculture Co-Operative Society
In apex bank there is three tier structure in which first is S.C.B which is at
state level, State Level Implementing and Monitoring Committee (SLIC)
under the chairmanship of Secretary Finance and similarly at DCCB Level
District Level Implementing and Monitoring Committees (DLICs) have been
constituted under the chairmanship of District Collectors. PACS come under
DCCB, Farmers are provided loan amount as a member of PACS. {The
members are elected by PACS, as member of S.C.B.}NABARD finances
only 45% remaining 55% is arranged by society, DCCB and apex bank.
Basically farmers go to PACS if not available then loan amount is forwarded
to DCCB if again loan could not be sanctioned then case is forwarded to
apex bank.
Formation of co-operative bank to help the farmers in three distinct periods
as for :
1. short term ( for less than one year)
2. medium term (between one to five years)
3. long term (more than five years)
NABARD’S ROLE AND FUNCTIONS ARE
SUMMARISED BELOW:-
Credit functions16
Developmental & promotional functions
Supervisory functions
Institutional capacity building
Customer relationship management (CRM) helps to achieve goals.
LOANS
Agricultural Loans And Advances Provided By Apex Bank
Are: -
1. ST (SAO) Production Loan.
2. Oilseed production programme.
3. Credit Limit for Oilseeds.
4. Credit Limit for Development Tribal Population.
5. ST Credit Limit for the other Crops.
6. Medium Term Conversion /Rephasement Loans.
7. Disbursement of Loan to small Marginal Farmers.
8. Fertilizer Cash Credit limits.
9. Kisan Credit Card scheme.
17
10.Integrated Rural Development Programme/ Swarnjayanti gram
Swarojgar(SGSY)
Non-Agricultural finance: -
1. Financing for Purchase of Shares of Industrial Coop Units.
2. Finance for Distribution of Chemical Fertilizers.
3. Finance for Working Capital.
4. Financing of Agro-Industrial Coop Units.
5. C.C. Limits for procurement & marketing of agriculture Produce.
6. Financial Accommodation for Public Distribution Scheme.
7. Financial for working Capital Requirements of Coop Processing Units.
8. Financial Accommodation for Weavers & Ind Coop Units.
9. Financial Accommodation to Cooperatives and other institutions.
10. Loans against Pledge Ornament
VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS
MADHYA PRADESH RAJYA SAHAKARI BANK MYDT; BHOPAL
Home Banking - Individual Loan Rates w.e.f. 15.02.2010
1. CONSUMER LOAN
Purpose For House hold items
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 60,000/-
Margin
Money
25%, 10% (in group cases) , 15% (in case of Employees*)
Interest
Rate
12.50% , 9.5% p.a. (in case of Employees*)
18
Insurance In case of vehicle.
Repayment
Period
5 years on monthly basis
2. VEHICLE LOAN
Top
Purpose For personal use and Commercial use
Max. Loan
Amount
Light- Rs.5.00 lacs (Personal)
Heavy-Rs.10.00 lacs (Commercial)
Margin
Money
15.0% & 25.0% , 15% (in case of Employees*)
Interest
Rate
12.0%, 9.5% p.a. (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Insurance of vehicle.
Repayment
Period
5 years on monthly basis
Security:-
i) Salaried
ii) Non
Salaried
Guarantee of 1 person + Employer acceptance letter /authority
letter/Advance Cheques
Guarantee of 1 person + Collateral Security i.e. N.S.C. /
F.D.R./Advance Cheques
3. HOUSE LOAN
Top
Purpose For purchases/construction of Houses, Modernization
Max. Loan Rs. 15.00 lacs
19
Amount
Margin
Money
20.0% up to Rs. 25,000
25.0% up to Rs. 50,000
30.0% above Rs. 50,000
Interest
Rate
Up to 5 yearsAbove 5years
Up to 2.00 lacs 9.50% 10.00%
Above 2.00 lacs 10.00% 10.50%
@ 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Insurance of house
Repayment
Period
15 years on monthly basis including moratorium up to 18
months
Security:-
i) Salaried
ii) Non
Salaried
Mortgage of assets + Letter of Employer /Advance Cheques
Mortgage of assets/ Advance Cheques
4. C.C. AGAINST COLLATERAL SECURITY
Top
Purpose For business
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 25.00 lacs
Margin
Money
Pledge 25%
Hypothecation 40%
20
Interest
Rate
13.00% up to Rs. 2.00 lacs 13.50% above Rs.2.00 lacs
Insurance Insurance of stock.
Repayment
Period
1 year
Security Security of 1 person + security in the form of fixed asset, NSC,
FDR etc.
5. LOAN AGAINST PLEDGE OF ORNAMENTS
Purpose Loan on pledge of gold/ silver ornament for personal uses.
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 1.00 lac
Margin
Money
40.0%, 15% (in case of Employees*)
Interest
Rate
12.50% For SC/ST/SF, 13.00% For others ,
9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Insurance of ornaments
Repayment
Period
12 months
Security Pledge of ornaments
6. PROJECT LOAN
Top
Purpose Project development
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 25.00 lacs inclusive of working capital
Margin 25.0% - 40.0% (Risk basis)
21
Money
Interest
Rate
13.50%
Insurance Mortgage of asset & machinery
Repayment
Period
7 years including 12-18 months moratorium period
Security Security of 1 person + Collateral security
7. PERSONAL LOAN
Top
Purpose Personal use i.e. Marriage, Travels & other purposes etc.
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 1.00 lacs
Margin
Money
Nil
Interest
Rate
13.50%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Not required
Repayment
Period
5 years on monthly basis
Security Guarantee of 1 person, Letter of Authority/ Employer
Acceptance /Advance Cheques
8. MORTGAGE LOAN
Top
Purpose Personal use i.e. Marriage, Travels & other purposes etc.
22
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 25.00 lacs, subject to 50.0% of value of fixed assets.
Interest
Rate
12.50%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Mortgage of assets Excluding land properties.
Repayment
Period
10 years on monthly basis
Security Mortgage of assets + Advance cheques
9. TRAVELS LOAN
Top
Purpose For Traveling purposes
Max. Loan
Amount
Rs. 1.00 lacs
Margin Money 20.0%, 15% (in case of Employees*)
Interest Rate 13.50%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Insurance Not required
Repayment Period 3 years
Security Guarantee of 2 person , Advance
Cheques, Letter of Authority/ Employer
acceptance.
10. EDUCATIONAL LOAN
Top
Purpose Loan for pursuing higher education for 2
students in a family i.e. Engineering,
Medical and Master degree courses etc.
Max. Loan Amount Rs. 3.00 lacs
23
Margin Money 20%, 15% (in case of Employees*)
Interest Rate 13%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Repayment Period Maximum 5 years on monthly basis.
Security Guarantee of 1 person, Collateral
Security or NSC, FDR etc.
11. UTSAVA LOAN
Purpose For Festival Purposes.
Max. Loan Amount Rs. 1.00 Lacs
Margin Money 20% Of The Proposal , 15% (in case of
Employees*)
Interest Rate 13.50%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Repayment Period 36 Month
Security 1. Guarantee of 2 Person,
2. Letter Of Authority OR Employer
Undertaking.
3. 36 Advance Cheques.
12. MEDICAL TREATMENT LOAN
Purpose For Medical Treatment & Expenses of
Critical illness
Max. Loan Amount Rs. 1.00 Lacs
Margin Money NIL
Interest Rate 13.50%, 9.5% (in case of Employees*)
Loan Period 60 Months
Repayment Period 60 Months
24
Security As below.
For Salaried PersonsGuarantee of one person, Employer
Letter of authority OR Acceptance Letter
and Advance Cheques.
Non Salaried Person Collateral Security of 2 times value of
loan in form of fixed assets OR lien of
1.5 times value of loan amount in form
of FDR/NSC/Surrender Value of
Insurance Policy.
Insurance Not Required
********
25
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research in common parlance refers to search for knowledge.
Research is an art of scientific investigation. The advanced learner’s
dictionary of current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful
investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge.”
Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used
in technical sense. According to CLIFFORD WOODY research comprises
defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested
solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deduction and
reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to
determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
The term approach refers to the system.
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The purpose of research is to discover answer to questions through the
applications of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out
the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
Though which research study has its own specific purpose. We may think of
research objectives as falling into no. of following broad grouping:-
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it.
1) To portray accurately and characteristics of a particular individual,
situation or a group.
26
2) To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with
which it is associated with something else.
3) To test a hypothesis of a casual relation between variables.
RESEARCH PROCESS
Research Process Consists Of Series Of Actions Or Steps Necessary To
Effectively Carry Out Research And The Desired Sequencing Of These
Steps.
1) Formulating the research problem
2) Extensive literature survey
3) Development of working hypothesis
4) Preparing the research design
5) Determining sample design
6) Collecting the data
7) Execution of the project
8) Analysis of data
9) Hypothesis – testing
10) Generalizations and interpretation
11) Preparation of report or thesis
The last point is very important as it contains
“the layout of the report that is preliminary pages; the main ext; and the
end matter. In preliminary pages report should carry title and data
followed by acknowledgement and forward. Then there should be table
of contents followed by a list of tables, graphs and charts, if any, given in
the report.”
27
The main text includes “introduction; summary of findings; main report;
conclusion.
The end part should be enlisted in kinds of bibliography, i.e. list of books,
journals, reports, etc. index should be given specially in a published repo
HYPOTHESIS
MEANING: - HYPOTHESIS means assumption or some supposition to be
proved or disproved. But for a researcher hypothesis is a formal question that
he intends to resolve research statement is a predictive statement, capable of
being tested by scientific methods, it relates an independent variable to
dependent variable.
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined
and research design. While deciding about the method of data collection to be
used for study. The researcher should keep in mind two ways of data viz.
primary and secondary. The primary data are those which are collected for
the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. The secondary
data , on the other hand are those which have already been collected by
someone else and which are passed through the statistical process.
COLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA:-
Collection of data is done during the course of doing experiments research of
the descriptive type and sample surveys, thus in other words, means that there 28
are several methods of collecting primary data , particularly in surveys as (i)
observation method; (ii) interview method; (iii)
Through questionnaires; (iv) through schedules.
COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA:-
Secondary data are those which are already collected and analyzed by
someone else. Secondary data may either be published or unpublished data.
Researcher can refer various publications of central, state and local
governments. books and magazines, news papers reports and publications of
various associations connected with business and industry, banks, stock
exchange, etc; in different fields ; and public records and statistics. The
sources of unpublished data may be in the form of diaries, letters,
unpublished bibliographies and autobiographies and also may be available
with scholars and research workers, trade associations.
Researcher must be very careful in using secondary data.
********
MEANING OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Final accounts are those accounts which are prepared with the object to
specify the trading results of a certain period and financial position on a
specific date. these are called as final accounts because they are prepared at
the end of financial year and after closing of the final account no records are 29
done in that financial year. After closing of the account the next financial
year begins. Final account consists of Trading A/C, Profit &Loss A/C And
Balance Sheet.
BALANCE SHEET
Balance sheet is a statement or list of balances of account. It is generally
prepared at the last day of that financial year. It is shown in summarized form
the capital is employed and the sources from where the capital has been
obtained and how that capital is employed, i.e. the various assets by which it
is represented.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the balance sheet is to show a company's Assets,
Liabilities and Equity at a given point in time, usually the company's fiscal
year end. This is as opposed to an Income Statement, for example, which
shows earnings throughout the year. A balance sheet is as of a given day. it
does not show activity for a whole year, although you can compare year-to-
year balance sheets to deduce some information.
A balance sheet is divided into two sides. On one side is the total assets of the
Company, such as cash, working capital, fixed assets (machinery, land,
equipment, autos, etc), and other assets. On the other side is the Liabilities,
such as accounts payable, debt, and other liabilities. Assets minus liabilities
equal equity, which is the remaining ownership in the company - that
accorded to shareholders.
BANK’S BALANCE SHEET
30
A bank's balance sheet is different from that of a typical company. You won't
find inventory, accounts receivable, or accounts payable. Instead, under
assets, you'll see mostly loans and investments, and on the liabilities side,
you'll see deposits and borrowings
CASH
surprisingly, cash represents only 2% of assets. That's because the bank wants
to put its money to work earning interest. If the bank simply sticks its cash in
a vault and forgets about it, it will have a hard time making a profit. Thus, a
bank keeps most of its money tied up in loans and investments, which are
called "earning assets" in bank-speak because they earn interest.
SECURITIES
Banks don't like putting their assets into fixed-income securities, because the
yield isn't that great. However, investment-grade securities are liquid, and
they have higher yields than cash, so it's always prudent for a bank to keep
securities on hand in case they need to free up some liquidity. The purpose of
holding securities is for the bank to have safe, liquid assets available, so the
banks primarily hold Treasuries and agency debt (such as Fannie Mae- or
Freddie Mac-issued debt), which yield around the rate of the current long-
term U.S. Government yield, anywhere from 4%-6%.
LOANS
Loans represent the majority of a bank's assets. A bank can typically earn a
higher interest rate on loans than on securities, roughly 6%-8%. You can find
detailed information about the rates earned on loans and investments in the
financial statements. Loans, however, come with risk. If the bank makes bad
loans to consumers or businesses, the bank will take a hit when those loans
aren't repaid. Because loans are a bank's bread and butter, it's critical to
understand a bank's book of loans. 31
OTHER ASSETS
Other assets, including property and equipment, represent only a small
fraction of assets. A bank can generate large revenues with very few hard
assets.
ASSESSING ASSETS
A bank's assets are its meal ticket, so it's critical for investors to understand
how its assets are invested, how much risk they are taking, and how much
liquidity the bank has in securities as a shield against unforeseen problems. In
general, investors should pay attention to asset growth, the composition of
assets between cash, securities, and loans, and the composition of the loan
book
Now that we've looked at a bank's assets, we also need to understand the
other side of the balance sheet -- its liabilities, which are how a bank finances
its assets. In a previous article, we took a look at the asset side of a bank's
balance sheet. Now we take a look at the other side
If a bank's yield-producing earning assets are its meal ticket, then its
liabilities and shareholder equity are its lifeblood. Basically, a bank borrows
at low interest rates from depositors, creditors, and other banks, and it lends
at a higher interest rate to real estate developers, homeowners and small
businesses (which is why banks are referred to as "spread lenders").
As a result, a bank's financing base is critical. The more financing it gets
at a lower rate, the more money it can make by lending that money out
and collecting the spread. The best way to judge the strength of a bank's
financing base is to check out its "sources of funds" footnote.
32
DEPOSITS
Deposits are a bank's most important source of financing. Not only do most
checking, demand, NOW, and savings deposits yield low or no interest rates,
which means the bank is paying almost nothing for the use of this money,
but they are often a stable and growing financing base.
BORROWINGS
Banks tend to shun the use of other sources of borrowings, such as
borrowings from other banks through federal funds purchases and repo
agreements, bank notes, long-term debt, and commercial paper. Unlike core
depositors, who for the most part are happy to receive any interest at all,
these lenders demand and receive higher yield, so banks try not to use too
much in the way of "other borrowings." Commerce, a bank renowned for its
ability to attract deposits, used other borrowings for only 6.5% of its
borrowing base. PNC, which has a more complicated mix of business
requiring more diverse funding sources, had 15.1% of funds from other
borrowings, with yields ranging from 3.9% to 6%.
SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Shareholder's equity is the part that you, the shareholder (as opposed to
depositors and other creditors), are financing. Because banks, after paying
depositors and creditors, only earn a small return on their assets, often only
0.75% to 1.5%, they must leverage each dollar of equity into $10 to $15
worth of assets to achieve a satisfactory return on equity of 10% to 15%.
When investing with a bank, always make sure to take a glance at the sources
of funds footnote. Check out what mix of its asset base is funded by non-
interest-bearing deposits, as well as other low-cost sources, and check out the
33
trend in the funding composition over time. A bank that can grow its low-cost
deposit base over time should do well, but a bank that increasingly has to
resort to offering high-yield CDs could see its margins squeezed.
***********
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1) To analyze the financial statements of apex bank
2) To know the strength and weakness of the bank.
3) To find out profitability position of the bank.
4) To find out the liquidity position of the bank.
5) To take decisions for future as how much should be the investment by
analyzing the profits/losses of the bank.
6) To interpret the results at the end of financial year.
TOOLS OF ANALYSIS
34
It is essential to use a systematic research methodology for the assessment of
a project because without the use of a research methodology analysis of any
company or organization will not be possible.
In the present analysis of “M.P. RAJYA SAHAKARI MYDT. BANK”
mostly secondary data has been used. It is worth a while to mention that I
have used the following types of published data:
Balance sheet;
Profit & loss account;
Prospectus of the bank;
General body meeting reports;
BALANCE SHEET OF APEX BANK
MAJOR LIABILITIES OF THE BANK ARE:
1: SHARE CAPITAL
2: RESERVES AND FUNDS
3: DEPOSITS
4: BORROWINGS FROM OTHERS FOR BUSINESS
5: OTHER LIABILITIES
6: SURPLUS
1. SHARE CAPITAL Share capital of bank was 100 crore in the year
2007-08 while in the year 2008-09 & 2009-10 is 200 crore so there is
increment from past years. Share capital has basically two parts a)
authorized ; and b) paid up capital ;
35
In year 2010, the structure of paid up capital is CCB having 126.77 crore ;
STATE having 108 crore and nominal having 116 crore. Co-operative
credit structure is apex bank; district cooperative bank; pacs .
2. RESERVES AND FUNDS Reserve is increasing every year . in
statutory reserve fund 25% yearly profit to this fund. Agricultural credit
stabilization fund is Rs. 68 crore.
3. DEPOSITS a) fixed deposits (FD)
b) Saving bank deposits (SB)
c) Current deposit
FIXED DEPOSITS
central bank (2410 cr) individual (214 cr) institute (201
cr)
TOTAL DEPOSITS
FD (2827 crore) SB (262 crore) current (200 crore)
36
SAVING BANK DEPOSITS (262 CRORE)
Individual (134 cr.) Other societies (128 cr.)
CURRENT ACCOUNT: current account has basically three pats one is
central bank (167 crore) , individual (23 crore), and other as 10 crore.
4. BORROWINGS (1861 CRORE) : Bank borrows funds from NABARD
for short term , medium term and long term.
5. OTHER LIABILITIES: it includes bills payable and unclaimed
dividend.
6. BRANCH ADJUSTMENT A/C : If its credit is more, then recorded in
liability side ; and if debit is more, then recorded in debit side.
7. INTER BRANCH ADJUSTMENT A/C: this is increasing every year
which shows good sign.
8. OVERDUE INTEREST RESERVE: this interest is unchanged in all
three years so no effect in any year.
9. INTEREST PAYABLE A/C: Its decreasing year by year so it’s good
sign for bank as less interest is for pay.
There are reasons for loss in branches due to “deposit has been taken
and loan is not granted.”
MAJOR ASSETS OF THE BANK ARE:
1: CASH AND BANK BALANCE
37
2: INVESTMENTS
3: LOANS AND ADVANCES
4: OTHER ASSETS
5: LOSSES; IF ANY
1: CASH AND BANK BALANCE: cash is 3 crore and cash with other
bank i.e. RBI , SBI, nationalized banks as PNB commercial bank.
2: INVESTMENT: MONEY AT CALL AND SHORT NOTICE (2032
CRORE); investment in state & govt. securities (769 crore) and in other
trustee securities (5861 lacs) Investment in cooperative & other shares (823
crore) i.e. (2032+ 823= 2855) crore is total investment amount.
3: LOANS & ADVANCES (2503 CRORE): it is divided into three parts
short term (2389 crore) , medium term(97 crore) and long term(16 crore) ;
loans are provided; a) to central bank (all kinds of short , mid and long term)
b)to institutes c) to individuals {for individuals personal, house, car,
education loans are provided}
4: OTHER ASSETS: It consists of building, furniture, vehicles, computers
hardware & software, arms & ammunitions, library, staff advances, leave
fare advance, medical advance, advocate advance, legal charges, cader
officer (ceo manager), manager’s check (office advance), cto( central
telegraph office), clearing house a/c, (daily at 10:30 all bank conduct at a
place and interchange their checks) and at the last day of the month clearing
house a/c review the checks. , One time settlement a/c, tds receivable(tax
deduction)
38
39
REVIEW ON BALANCE SHEET OF APEX BANK
40
1.SHARE CAPITAL
The authorized share capital of the bank is Rs..200 crore. The paid up share capital of the
bank which was at Rs.122 crore as on 31st mar 2009 , increased and stood at Rs. 127.98
crore as on 31st mar 2010. The increase of Rs.5.96 crore in the paid up share capital during
the year was mainly on account of investment by the DCCB of the state to fulfill the
condition related to maintenance of prescribed ratio against borrowings from apex bank.
INTERPRETATION: from this chart it can be found out that there is increase of
10% share capital in year 2009 as compared to previous year and 15.35% in 2010.
2.RESERVE FUND & OTHER FUNDS
The reserve fund & other funds of the bank which amounted to Rs. 477.23 crore on 31st
41
year SHARE CAPITAL
2007-08 110.93
2008-09 122.02
2009-10 127.96
mar 2009 increased to Rs. 501.40 crore as on 31st mar 2010.
INTERPRETATION: In reserves there is increment of 3.97% in year 2009 &
about 5.26% of increase in 2010 so we can estimate that reserve amount has been
raised due to cover losses for future it also reveals that there is some more profit.
3.DEPOSITS
The deposits of the bank have increased by Rs. 367.49 crore during the year & stood at
Rs. 3290.70 crore as on 31st mar 2010 as against Rs. 2923.21 crore on 31st mar 2009.
42
year RESERVES
2007-08 458.98
2008-09 477.23
2009-10 501.4
INTERPRETATION: If we study for three years ,deposits amount is decreased by
16.5% in 2009 but raised by 12.57% in 2010 as fluctuating due to deposit done by
public in bank.
4.BORROWINGS
The borrowings from the NABARD and other financial institutions were at Rs.1861.48
43
year DEPOSITS
2007-08 2923.21
2008-09 2440.9
2009-10 3290.7
crores as on 31st mar 2010.
INTERPRETATION: there is continuous increment in amount by 26.9% in 2009
& 66.7% in 2010 which shows that borrowings have been done more year by year
by bank from different sources and shows good sign from bank’s point of view.
5.INVESTMENTS
The investments of the bank have increased by Rs. 561.69 crore during the year and
stood at Rs. 2856.81 crore as on 31st mar 2010 as against Rs. 2295.12 crore as against 44
year BORROWINGS
2007-08 1116.76
2008-09 1417.27
2009-10 1861.48
31st mar 2009.
INTERPRETATION: More & more investments has been done by apex bank as
we can calculate in percentage which is increased by 87% in 2009 as well as 132%
from 2008 to 2010.
6.LOANS & ADVANCES
The outstanding loans and advances of the bank which were at Rs. 2293.42 crore as on
31st mar 2009 increased and stood at Rs. 2503.43 crore as on 31st mar 2010. Thus the
45
year INVESTMENT
2007-08 1227.1
2008-09 2295.12
2009-10 2856.81
increase of Rs. 210.01 crore has been recorded during the year.
INTERPRETATION: On comparison it was found out that loan amount has been
decreased by 6.39% in 2009 but it was increased by 2.17% from year 2008 to 2010,
It means there was shortfall in second year but again it was raised, depends upon
the loan amount sanctioned during the year by S.CB.(Apex bank) , DCCB, PACS .
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
CURRENT ASSETS
46
year LOANS & ADVANCES
2007-08 2450.12
2008-09 2293.42
2009-10 2503.43
PARTICULARS 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
CASH IN HAND 4233648708 2752898429 3031340898
CASH IAT BANK 7944020.02 8659459.09 9212025.75SHORT TERM ADVANCES 24501240939 22934219328 25034271562INTEREST RECEIVABLES 675748983.2 916621254.9 1078046943
DEBTORS 8957383.41 5056932.98 2938139.63
TOTAL 29427540034 26617455404 29155809568
INTERPRETATION: In the year 2007-08, current assets were 294
crores , in 2008-09 , it was 266 crore and now its 291 crores which
shows that there was continuous changes in assets every year. It
shows that there was decrement in second year but again raised and
reached to same level as was in 2007-08 so it is good sign for bank.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
47
PARTICULARS 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
SHORT TERM
BORROWINGS11167647547 14172724398 18614822520
INTEREST
PAYABLE310913532.9 308095053.2 255779586.9
BILLS PAYABLE 8957383.41 5056932.98 2938139.63
TOTAL 11487518463 14485876384 18873540247
INTERPRETATION: In the year 2007-08, liabilities of bank was 114
crore , in the year 144 crores and in current year reached to 188
crores as there is gradual increment every year .
Note: All Above Mentioned Amounts Are In Crores.
48
CURRENT RATIO
Year Current asset Current liabilities Current ratio
2007-08 29427540034 11487518463 2.561697
2008-09 26617455404 14485876384 1.837476
2009-10 29155809568 18873540247 1.544798
CURRENT RATIO = CURRENT ASSETS / CURRENT
LIABLITIES
INTERPRETATION: current ratio reveals about the current assets &
liabilities, it compares the ratio of all the years and also known as
working / solvency ratio. After studying it was found that the ratio of
assets to liabilities here is 2.56:1 , 1.84:1 and 1.54:1 in corresponding
years .
49
CASH RATIO
CASH RATIO= (CASH+ BANK+ MARK. SECU.)/ TOTAL CURRENT
LIAB
INTERPRETATION: This ratio determines about the cash position in
terms of ratios and also called super quick ratio , it is clear while study that
ratios is in decreasing order in all successive years & we can estimate that
cask & bank balance is less when compared in all three years. So bank
should focus on cash availability & should try to take some measures to
increase its cash viability.50
YEAR CASH+ BANK+ MAK SEC TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES CASH RATIO
2007-
08 4241592728 11487518463 0.3692349
2008-
09 2761557888 14485876384
0.19063795
8
2009-
10 3040552924 18873540247
0.16110135
6
WORKING CAPITAL
WORKING CAPITAL= CURRENT ASSETS – CURRENT LIABLITIES
YEAR Current Asset Current Liabilities WOR. CAP.(in crores)
2007-
08 29427540034 11487518463 17940021571
2008-
09 26617455404 14485876384 12131579020
2009-
11 29155809568 18873540247 10282269321
51
PERCENTAGE OF GROWTH OVER PREVIOUS YEAR
52
S.No. PARTICULARS Percentage of growth
over previous year
1 Share Capital 0.79%
2 Reserves -18.75%
3 Deposit 12.57%
4 Borrowings 27.74%
5 Loans & Adv. O/S 9.16%
6 Investment 24.47%
7 Per employee business 11.78%
This chart is complete overview which reveals the exact and true picture of
financial position of apex bank. There is increment in all the main items of
balance sheet except reserves.
This percentage shows that share capital’s part is increased by 0.79%, deposit
(12.57%), borrowings (27.74%), loans (9.16%), investments (24.47%), per
employee business (11.78%).Borrowings has increased in large proportion
while share capital in less; we can estimate that bank has done borrowings
more as compared to all other items of bank. Therefore it needs to focus
attention to other items mainly on reserves as well as needs growth in all the
sectors specially to loans & advances.
***************
53
54
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1) The research work is mainly based on secondary data i.e. it is based on
audited accounts and its audited accounts are ambiguous then the result
will be misleading.
2) Less importance has been given to primary data which is actually the
original data and more reliable.
3) Time was the major constraint.
FINDINGS
55
It was found that the membership was reducing year by year. The reasons for
the reluctance to join the cooperatives were due to non availability of
lucrative wages and society was not in a position to attract the young
members.
It is suggested that the society has to induct new members who can be useful
to the development of the society.
During the study about bank’s assets and liabilities , it was found that , there
are so many fluctuations from previous years to this year , after studying
profit & loss a/c , it has been revealed that the amount of profit in current
year is less as compared to previous years due to increase in expenses in
current year , the profitability is low .
Bank mainly works for providing agricultural loans to farmers, and primary
motive is to provide services to people. Apex bank helps to rural people and
provide loan on less interest rates as compared to other banks. Its working is
so systematic and to get membership of bank the individual needs to open
account with Rs. 101 in bank.
56
SUGGESTIONS
Advances and deposit oriented advances should be increased following the
bank norms and procedure.
1) Apex bank should try to increase its proportion of fixed assets to net
worth.
2) The proportion of current assets is more, it should be reduced.
3) The bank should pay attention towards the proper and efficient utilization
of working capital.
4) The bank must increase its return.
5) It should also pay attention in increasing its net worth in comparisons to
sales.
6) The bank should try to reduce their expenses, particularly non parting so
that the margin of profit can be increases.
7) Bank should also concentrate on loans.
8) Number of customer account (deposit and advances) per employee to be
increased.
9) The bank should improve its sales strategy and should focus mainly on its
promotional sector as many people are not aware about its various
schemes, due to reason that apex bank’s primary motive is to provide
agricultural loan to farmers that is why it needs marketing.
57
CONCLUSION
Banking in India is mainly governed by the banking regulation act, 1946 &
the Reserve bank of India act, 1934, the RBI and the govt. of India exercise
control over banks from the opening of banks to their winding up by virtue of
the power conferred under their status. All the regulatory provisions are not
uniformly applicable to all banks. The applicable of the bank depends on its
constitution that is whether it is a statutory corporation, banking company or
a co-operative society. We can draw the conclusion in following manner:
Despite of limitations, balance sheet analysis is used as a major tool of
financial analysis by investors, market analysis, commercial book, financial
institutions and other financial analysts all over the world. It is used as an
important indicator in making financial decisions as well as credit decisions
by concerned institutions.
The study of balance sheet and profit and loss account of apex bank was
based on figures published in annual reports. This project is based on
comparative study of balance sheet of last three years.
Some major points have been highlighted during study:
Bank has reduced their borrowings, since there has been an increase in their
deposits. It helps in raising financial from its own sources. Lending of the
bank has been reduced due to non recovery of loans. Share capital has been
increased just doubled from previous year to current year.
58
ANNEXUREBALANCE SHEET
FOR THE YEAR ENDING
31st MAR 2008 TO 31st MAR 2010
PARTICULARS aAMOUNT IN (RS.)
LIABILITIES 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
SHARE CAPITAL 1000000000 2000000000 2000000000
RESERVE FUND & OTHER RESERVE 34485071623636025406
3877744302
PRINCIPAL/STATE PARTNERSHIP
FUND A/C FOR SHARE CAPITAL Nil Nil Nil
DEPOSIT & OTHER A/C 24409025935 29232115509 32906985413
BORROWING 11167647547 14172724398 18614822520
BILLS FOR COLLECTING BILLS RECE. 8957383.41 5056932.98 2938139.63
BRANCH ADJ A/C 283012022.6 92131587.77 147069804.9
INTER BRANCH ADJ A/C 1352440.97 311858.66 422890.86
OVERDUE INTT RESERVE 1136289727 1136289727 1136289727
INTEREST PAYABLE 310913532.9 308095053.2 255779586.9
OTHER LIABILITIES 235794710.9 455374225.2 300892547.5
PROFIT & LOSS A/C 276208608.7 318571529.6 208021183
TOTAL 42707051053 50576918409 58730750675
59
BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR ENDING
31st MARCH 2008 TO 31st MARCH 2010
PROFIT & LOSS A/C
31st MAR 2008 TO 31st MAR 2010
Dr.
PARTICULARS AMOUNT in (Rs._)
EXPENDITURES 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
interest on deposit &
borrowings 1416907664 18688404502 2451911053
salaries & 172954781.6 214051723.9 25544135.35
60
PARTICULARS AMOUNT IN (RS.)
ASSETS 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10CASH IN HAND 4233648708 2752898429 3031340898
BALANCE WITH OTHER BANK 7944020.02 8659459.09 9212025.75
MONEY AT CALL & SHORT
NOTICE 6200000000 16100000000 20329999999
INVESTMENT 6070996450 6851193350 8238086000
ADVANCES 24501240939 22934219328 25034271562
INTEREST RECEIVED 675748983.2 916621254.9 1078046943
B/R BEING BILL FOR
COLLECTION 8957383.41 5056932.98 2938139.63
BRANCH ADJ A/C 0 0 0
PREMISES 88270448.46 800690184.5 81736615.88
LAND & PREMISES 11414476.7 11414476.7 11414476.7
BRANCH BUILD
CONSTRUCTION A/C 3603336.2 12504852.2 8458574.2
FURNITURE & FIXTURE 23544668.63 22212838.65 23755461.86
MOTOR CAR 4832978.85 4571998.87 8350112.49
COMPUTER HARDWARE A/C 1552967.71 2625528.71 3182440.71
COMPUTER SOFTWARE A/C 613572.5 278718.5 826918.76
LIBRARY A/C 632496.47 493175.98 358272.48
ARMS & AMMUNITION 45837.04 55246.51 55430.22
OTHER ASSETS 854003784.3 874052632.7 868716804.4
NON-BANKING ASSETS 0 0 0
PROFIT & LOSS A/C 0 0 0
TOTAL 42707051053 50576918409 58730750675
allowances
directors local committee
member fee & allowances 322444.78 281342.4 401630.11
rent,taxes,insurance &lighting 159938099.6 19418003.14 20401325.91
legal charges 1112696.15 1594542 1370752.79
postage,telegram,telephone
& tax charges 2558852.22 2567909.24 2527316.34
audit fee 5200000 1660657 2019104
dep. & repairing
to property 32847121.8 32472761.83 3440496.23
stationary, printing & property 6214611.4 8061242.27 9856004.57
other expenditure 72659650.98 45359048.76 38280468.12
loss from sale or dealing
with non banking assets 0 0 0
1. NPA provision 0 0 0
2. other expenses 0 0 0
balance profit 314078646.7 263873224.3 29667920.96
TOTAL 2184794569 2585580908 3256780491
PROFIT & LOSS A/C
31st MAR 2008 TO 31st MAR 2010
Cr.
PARTICULARS AMOUNT in (Rs._)
INCOMES 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
interest & discount 2175805218 2574708738 3244334799
61
commission, exchange & brokerage 3866832.79 4406646.7 5330531.39
income tax refund received 0 0 0
other receipts 5122464.94 6465523.35 7115160.78
subsidies &
donation 0 0 0
income from non-banking
assets & profit 0 0 0
loss (any) 0 0 0
TOTAL 2184794516 2585580908 3256780491
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
1 .CORPORATE ACCOUNTING BY DR. S.M.SHUKLA “KANPUR
UNIVERSITY”
2. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING BY SHARMA & GUPTA
“KALYANI PUBLICATIONS”
3. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING & RATIO ANALYSIS BY S.P.
GUPTA
4. BANKING REGULATION ACT BY R.B. SETHI62
5. BANKING & FINANCE BY H.R. SUNAJA
REPORTS:
ANNUAL REPORT OF APEX BANK
WEBSITES:
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
WWW.APEXBANK.IN
WWW.RBI.COM
63
