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financial intelligence centre REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Financial Intelligence Centre
Compliance Awareness
Road Shows
Presented by
The Financial Intelligence Centre
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -2-
CONFIDENTIAL
Agenda
• The FIC
• Functions of the FIC
• Importance of the FIC Act
• Money Laundering
• How ML affects society
• What is terrorism
• How is terrorism financed
• Terrorism model
• Compliance framework
• Duties of Accountable Institutions (AIs)
• Reporting Statistics 2011/2012 FY
• FATF
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -3-
CONFIDENTIAL
Financial Intelligence Centre
Established in terms of section 2 of the FIC Act
The objectives of the FIC are:
To assist in identifying proceeds of unlawful activities and combating of
money laundering and terror financing
To make information available to investigating authorities, SBs,
intelligence services and SARS
Exchanging AML/CFT information with bodies in other countries that
have similar objectives
Supervise and enforce compliance with the FIC Act
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -4-
CONFIDENTIAL
Functions of the Financial Intelligence Centre
• Collect, process, analyse and interpret information
• Inform, advise and cooperate with investigating authorities, supervisory
bodies, SARS and the intelligence services
• Monitor and give guidance to accountable institutions, supervisory
bodies and other persons regarding FIC Act duties and responsibilities
• Retain information in a manner as set out in the FIC Act
• Implement a registration system in respect of all AIs and RIs
• Supervise and enforce compliance with the FIC Act
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -5-
CONFIDENTIAL
Importance of the FIC Act
• Preserves and enhances SA reputation for sound governance and
policies
• Brings SA legislation and framework in line with international standards
and expectations
• Complements the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 1998 (POCA),
which defines the crime of money laundering and also anti-terror
legislation (POCDATARA), promulgated in 2005.
• Objective is to remove the business element from “the business of crime”
• Establishes SA as part of international efforts to combat
money laundering
terror financing
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -6-
CONFIDENTIAL
Importance of the FIC Act
According to the Task Force on Financial Integrity and Economic
Development:
Every year, developing countries lose approximately $1.3 trillion in illicit
financial outflows—the proceeds of crime, corruption, tax evasion, and
trade mispricing. This loss of capital outpaces current levels of foreign
aid by a ratio of 10 to 1. Curtailing these outflows is crucial to nurturing a
stable and robust economic recovery in global markets, stamping out
political corruption and crime, and fostering good governance…
1 1 “Message to the G-20” Task Force on Financial Integrity and Economic Development. (13 October 2011)
http://www.financialtaskforce.org/2011/10/13/2011-task-force-conference-communique-a-message-to-the-g20/
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -7-
CONFIDENTIAL
Money Laundering
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -8-
CONFIDENTIAL
Money Laundering
• Money laundering involves criminals and their associates trying to hide
the fact that their proceeds and funds come from illegal activities
• In order for crime to pay, a criminal must be able to enjoy whatever it is
they have taken and are not entitled to
• Criminals channel dirty money through legitimate businesses and
institutions such as banks, casinos, estate agencies, brokers, etc
• Money laundering involves the proceeds of criminally derived property
rather than the property itself
• Is not dependant on specific predicate crime only – all criminal activities
could lead to money laundering
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -9-
CONFIDENTIAL
Money Laundering
Why Launder money:
• Avoid prosecution
• Increase profits/reinvest in criminal activities
• Avoid seizure of accumulated wealth
• Appear legitimate
• Enables criminal to expand and carry on with criminal activities
Money laundering is NOT about cash – it’s about the
PROCEEDS of crime
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -10-
CONFIDENTIAL
How Money Laundering affects society
• The economic and political influence of criminal organisations can weaken
the social fabric
• Decimates collective ethical standards & the democratic institutions of
society
• Corrupts public officials and governments
• Countries that attract money launderers and criminals may find it difficult
to create conditions for sustainable development and achieve long-term
economic growth
• Enables criminal activity to continue
• Any business or person who aids money laundering can suffer immense
damage to their reputation
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -11-
CONFIDENTIAL
What is terrorism
• A criminal act that influences an audience beyond the immediate
victim
• Might have as its aim(s) to:
Produce widespread fear
Create doubt that the government can provide for and protect its citizens
Attract media attention to obtain recognition for their cause
Weaken, or embarrass government security forces
Free prisoners
Satisfy vengeance
Influence government decisions
Discourage foreign investment & tourism
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -12-
CONFIDENTIAL
How is terrorism financed?
• Legitimate income sources
• Small sums in comparison to money laundering
• Disguise and transfer funds through charities & non-profit organizations
• Money in terrorist financing is the means not the end
Monthly debit orders from employed individuals
Proceeds from legal businesses or investments
Collection of membership levy and/or subscriptions
Voluntary donations by individuals & businesses to legitimate/sham
charitable, religious and non profit organisations
Direct contributions by governments or government agencies
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -13-
CONFIDENTIAL
How is terrorism financed?
• Sources are robust and low-key
• Use of illegitimate & legitimate funds
• A wide variety of crimes may be used to finance operations:
drug trafficking
identity theft
credit card theft
social grant theft
personal & commercial vehicle hijacking
organised shoplifting gangs
reselling of stolen property
contraband cigarettes
sale counterfeit watches, textiles DVD’s, CD’s & software
underground banking
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH
AFRICA
Terrorism financing model
Acquisition of funds
Movement from
various sources – not
everyone
aware of intended purpose
Aggregation – pooling of
smaller amounts into larger ones
Transmission -
Movement of funds
to central terrorist
Organisation /
representative
Transmission to cells
Allocation of funds to
different terrorist cells
Conversion
Funds exchanged
for end use goods &
services to carry out
terrorist activities
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -15-
CONFIDENTIAL
Compliance Framework
Duty Section
Applicable
Regulations
Applicable
guidance
notes or
PCCs
Applicable
exemptions Administrative
sanction Criminal sanction
Establishment of
identity of clients and
other persons 21 3 to 19 & 21
GN 1, 2, 3
PCC03 &
03A, 11, 14,
15
2 to 16 R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Duty to keep records 22; 23 & 24 20 & 26 PCC02 3 TO 17 R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Reporting duties 28; 28A &
29
22; 22A; 22B;
22C; 23; 24;
27A; 27B &
27C
GN 4 & 5
PCC04 N/A
R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Formulating and
implementing of internal
rules 42 25; 26 & 27 PCC12 N/A
R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Training of employees
regarding the FIC Act
and internal rules 43(a) N/A PCC12 N/A
R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Appointment of the
compliance officer 43(b) N/A PCC 12 N/A
R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Registration with the
Centre 43B 27A
GN05
PCC05 ,
PCC06 N/A
R50 million for legal
person R10 million for
natural person
R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -16-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AI’s in terms of FIC Act
Duty to establish and verify the identity of clients (section 21)
• An accountable institution may not establish a business relationship or
conclude a single transaction unless the prescribed steps have been
taken to establish and verify the identity of:
The client
The person representing the client
The person for whom the client may be acting (beneficial
owner/person who has ultimate control)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -17-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
• The information and verification process differs depending on whether
the client is a:
Natural person
Company
Close corporation
Partnership
Trust
Legal entity
Identification and verification requirements are listed in the Money
Laundering and Terrorist Financing Control Regulations to the FIC Act
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -18-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Duty to keep records (section 22, 23 and 24)
• Documents that must be kept
• What procedure does an AI follow in terms of record keeping?
• Who has access to these records?
• Is it documented?
• Period to keep records
• Third parties
• Are records readily available?
• Is there a policy in place that outlines the access control to these
records?
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -19-
CONFIDENTIAL
Reporting Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Cash Threshold reporting (section 28)
• Introduced for all AIs and RIs on 1 December 2010
• Threshold amount is R24 999.99
• Different reporting options
• Report within 2 business days after becoming aware
• Accumulation
• Dual reporting
• 2011/2012 FY more than 5.5 million CTRs received
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -20-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 4 of POCDATARA makes it an offence to be associated or
connected to the financing of specified offences
Section 28A of the FIC Act
An accountable institution which has in its possession or under its control
property owned or controlled by or on behalf of, or at the direction of:
• Any entity which has committed or facilitated the commission of a
specified offence as defined in POCDATARA
• A specific entity identified in a notice issued by the President, under
section 25 of the POCDATARA Act – No list in South Africa [UN1267,
replaced by 1988 (Taliban) and 1989 (Al Qaeda)]
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -21-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 29 - Suspicious Transaction Reports (STR’s)
• Defining a suspicion
• Who must report? This obligation applies to:
a person who carries on a business
a person who is in charge of a business
a person who manages a business or
a person who is employed by a business
• Tax evasion (section 29 b iv)
• STR’s have no cash threshold
• Time period for reporting – ASAP (not later than 15 working days)
• Continue transaction (section 33)
• Protection of person making report (section 38)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -22-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
How to report
• Complete prescribed form – on the Centre’s website
• Prefer internet based reporting
• Only in exceptional cases may report be faxed or hand delivered
• Regulation 22 – 24 of the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing
Control Regulations
• May NOT be posted
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -23-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 42 – Internal rules
• An AI must formulate and implement internal rules to document
procedures for:
The establishment and verification of client identities – Regulation
25
Record keeping – Regulation 26
Reporting of STRs – Regulation 27
Appointment of a compliance officer – Section 43
• The board of directors and senior management of an accountable
institution are responsible for compliance with the FIC Act
• Internal rules should be approved by the board of directors and senior
management and be made available to Centre and Supervisory Body
(SB) on request
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -24-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 43 – Appointment of compliance officer
• An AI has a duty to formally appoint a compliance officer – Person
responsible for FIC Act compliance
• The compliance officer should have general knowledge of the overall
operations of the institution
• Interact with all of the departments and branches to keep abreast of
changes that may require action to manage perceived risk
• The compliance officer must have access to all areas of the institution’s
operations to effect corrective action
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -25-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 43 – Training and monitoring of compliance
• An AI must provide training to its employees on the FIC Act and internal
rules
• A compliance officer is responsible for ensuring that training takes place
• Training manual must frequently be updated
• Training should be ongoing with regular refresher courses
• Employees may be assessed to evaluate level of knowledge and
understanding
• Employees should not deal with clients if they have not yet received
training on FIC Act and the AI’s internal rules
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -26-
CONFIDENTIAL
Duties of AIs in terms of FIC Act
Section 43B – Registration
• Each AI to be registered separately (including franchises, branches)
• Registration online – unless impossible then manually
• Registration deadline was 01 March 2011
• Existing before 01 March 2011 still encouraged to register
• New – 90 days to register from business start
• Contents of online registration form
• Validation process
• No registration fees
• Money Laundering Reporting Officers
• Amendments to registration information
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -27-
CONFIDENTIAL
Reporting Statistics 2011-2012 FY
During the reporting period:
• More than 5.5 million CTRs to the minimum value of R138 billion were
made to the FIC
• A total of 53 506 STRs were received from businesses and individuals.
These reports may signal the presence of illegally generated funds.
• FIC froze 482 bank accounts that were believed to be harbouring the
proceeds of unlawful activities
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -28-
CONFIDENTIAL
Financial Action Task Force
• International standard setting body for FIUs
• Develop and promote national and international standards and policies
to combat money laundering and terrorist financing
• Standards expressed in the form of “recommendations” – 40 Recommendations on Money Laundering – Original
recommendations reviewed and revised recommendations published February 2012
• In Feb 2009, FATF released a favourable assessment report of a second
mutual evaluation it conducted on SA in late 2008 - shortcomings
currently being addressed
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -29-
CONFIDENTIAL
Feedback and Enquiries
• Enquiries by e-mail: [email protected]
• Compliance and Preventions (CAP) Contact Centre: +27 860 222 200
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -30-
CONFIDENTIAL
Questions & Answers
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH
AFRICA
Financial Intelligence Centre
Compliance Awareness Road Shows
Supervision and Enforcement
Presented by
The Financial Intelligence Centre
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -32-
CONFIDENTIAL
Introduction
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -33-
CONFIDENTIAL
Principles of the FIC Act Supervision &
Enforcement Model
• All Accountable and Reporting Institutions will be supervised by a SB or
the FIC
• The FIC Act supervision and enforcement model is built on consensus
between the SBs and the FIC
• There needs to be a standardised approach in supervision and
enforcement of the FIC Act
• The FIC must facilitate effective supervision and enforcement by
supervisory bodies - s3(2)(c)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -34-
CONFIDENTIAL
Principles of the FIC Act Supervision &
Enforcement Model
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -35-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -36-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
• SBs take responsibility to supervise and enforce all the compliance
obligations imposed on accountable institutions regulated by the SB
• The FIC takes responsibility to supervise and enforce non-compliance
with the FIC Act on accountable and reporting institutions not regulated
or supervised by a SB
• The FIC takes responsibility to supervise and enforce non-compliance
with the FIC Act on accountable institutions regulated or supervised by a
SB where the SB fails to fulfil its responsibilities
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -37-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
• It is the duty of the FIC to:
– Monitor and give guidance to accountable institutions, supervisory
bodies and other persons regarding the performance and compliance
by them of their duties and obligations in terms of the FIC Act or any
directive made in terms of the FIC Act - s4(c)
– Annually review the implementation of the FIC Act and submit a
report to the Minister - s4(e)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -38-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
• SBs may:
– Issue or amend any licence, registration, approval or authorisation
that the SB may issue or grant in accordance with any act to include
compliance with the FIC Act – s45(1B)(e)
– In making a determination in accordance with any act applicable as
to whether a person is fit and proper to hold office in an accountable
institution, take into account any involvement, directly or indirectly, by
that person in any non-compliance with the FIC Act or any order,
determination or directive made in terms of the FIC Act – s45(1B)(f)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -39-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
• Every SB is responsible for supervising and enforcing compliance with
the FIC Act by all AIs regulated or supervised by it – s45(1)
• The obligation forms part of the legislative mandate of any SB and
constitutes a core function of that SB – s45(1A)(a)
• The only exceptions, where the FIC takes prime responsibility, would be:
– Registration with the FIC
– Reporting to the FIC
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -40-
CONFIDENTIAL
FIC Act Supervision & Enforcement Model
• SBs are listed in Schedule 2 to the FIC Act and include the Financial
Services Board, BSD, Finsurv, NPSD, EAAB, IRBA, NGB, PLAs and
Provincial Law Societies
• The FIC is responsible for supervising and enforcing compliance with the
FIC Act by all AIs not regulated or supervised by an SB which include:
– Trust companies
– Entities who lend money against the security of securities
– The Postbank
– Ithala Development Corporation
– MVDs (reporting institution)
– Kruger Rand dealers (reporting institution)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -41-
CONFIDENTIAL
Directives
• The FIC may by notice in the Gazette, issue directives to all institutions
to which FIC Act applies regarding application of the FIC Act - s43A(1)
• The FIC or SB may, in writing, issue a directive to a category of
accountable or reporting institution or other category of person to whom
the FIC Act applies regarding application of the FIC Act - s43A(2)
• SB may issue directive only after consulting with the FIC – s43A(6)(b)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -42-
CONFIDENTIAL
Risk Based Approach to Supervision
• SBs follow a risk based approach to supervision:
– Assist in choosing the entity to be inspected
– Assist in deciding the frequency and intensity of the inspection
– This will allow resources to be allocated in the most efficient way
– Resources should be directed in accordance with priorities -
greatest risks receive the highest attention
– Proportionate administrative actions will be taken
– Adhere to international standards
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -43-
CONFIDENTIAL
RBA Model to supervision
Inherent Risks Internal Controls Residual Risk
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -44-
CONFIDENTIAL
What is Risk
• Risk is defined as the effect of uncertainty on objectives
• What is inherent risks:
Inherent risks are characteristics of the institution that makes it vulnerable to
money laundering and terrorist financing
• What is internal controls:
Internal controls are mitigating factors implemented by the institution to
mitigate the inherent risks
• What is residual risks:
Inherent risks – Internal controls = Residual risks
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -45-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inherent Risks
• In determining inherent risks, the following needs to be taken into account:
– Products and services risks (cash based products, international products,
exemptions)
– Customer profile risks (non-face-to-face customers, legal entities)
– Distribution channel risks (branches, borders, airports)
– Jurisdiction risks (foreign jurisdictions, borders, provinces)
– Business structure risks (large companies, high turn over)
– Previous interaction with the institution (inspections, meetings, letters)
– Complaints received (media reports, M&A referral, RI from IRBA,
complainants, FIC reporting)
– National and international trends & typologies on ML/TF (SBs to determine)
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -46-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inspections in terms of the FIC Act
• The purpose of inspections in terms of the FIC Act is to determine the
level of compliance of the accountable institution
• The FIC and supervisory bodies cannot use the inspections powers to
investigate any criminal conduct
• Should the FIC or supervisory body detect any criminal conduct during
an inspection, it may refer the matter to law enforcement to investigate
• The allegations of criminal conduct may be an indication that an
accountable institution has not complied with the FIC Act and may lead
to an inspection
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -47-
CONFIDENTIAL
On-site reviews v Inspections
• The difference between on-site reviews and inspections:
– FSB legislation draws the distinction between on-site reviews and
inspections
– In the FSB and practically, the Compliance Departments are utilising
on-site reviews, whilst the Inspectorate Departments are utilising
inspection powers
– Inspection powers are more intrusive than the on-site review powers
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -48-
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On-site reviews vs Inspections
– The outcome of an on-site review is usually a compliance request to
rectify any deficiencies, whilst the outcome of inspections usually lead
to administrative sanctions
– On-site reviews are pro active and preventative in nature in that it is
aimed at guiding and advising institutions to be compliant with
legislation
– Inspections are usually reactive in nature and occurs when information
is received that an institution is willfully non-compliant with legislation
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -49-
CONFIDENTIAL
On-site reviews v Inspections
• The FIC Act does not draw a distinction between on-site reviews and
inspections
– An inspection in terms of the FIC Act can therefore be pro active or
reactive, routine or non-routine
– The inspection team will decide on the intensity of the inspection
– A FIC Act inspection may be conducted by any department of the
FSB
– The outcome of a FIC Act inspection may be a compliance request
to rectify any non compliance or an administrative sanction
depending on the facts of the case
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -50-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inspections in terms of the FIC Act
• Provisions are similar to the provisions in the Inspections of Financial
Institutions Act
• Head of SB must appoint inspectors prior to inspection
• Head of SB may extend the appointment and functions under the
Inspections Act to include the undertaking of inspections under the FIC
Act
• Inspection done at reasonable time and notice where appropriate
• Secrecy
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -51-
CONFIDENTIAL
Types of Inspections
Routine Non-routine
Proactive Reactive
By notification Discretion
Preventative in nature React on information received regarding
possible non-compliance
Less intrusive More intrusive
Remedial/
Sanction
Remedial/
Sanction
Costs if non-compliance Costs if non-compliance
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -52-
CONFIDENTIAL
Scope of inspections
Duty Section Applicable
Regulations
Applicable
guidance
notes or
PCCs
Applicable
exemptions Administrative sanction Criminal sanction
Identify and verify client 21 3 to 19 & 21
GN 1, 2, 3
PCC03, 03A,
08, 09, 10, 11,
14, 15
2 to 16 R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Duty to keep records 22; 23 & 24 20 & 26 PCC02 3 TO 17 R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Reporting duties 28; 28A & 29 22; 22A; 22B;
22C; 23; 24;
27A; 27B & 27C
GN 4 & 5
PCC04 N/A
R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R100 million or 15 years
imprisonment
Formulating and implementing of
internal rules 42 25; 26 & 27 N/A N/A
R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Training of employees regarding the
FIC Act and internal rules 43(a) N/A N/A N/A
R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Appointment of the compliance officer 43(b) N/A PCC 12 N/A R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
Registration with the Centre 43B 27A GN05 PCC05,
06, 07, 13 N/A
R50 million for legal person R10
million for natural person R10 million or 5 years
imprisonment
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -53-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inspections in terms of the FIC Act
SB leads inspection
accompanied by the FIC
SB is the lead on general
compliance and FIC on registration
& reporting
One inspection report issued by SB. SB to issue
the sanction
SB leads inspection not accompanied
by the FIC
FIC to advise SB on registration and
reporting
One inspection report issued by SB. SB to issue
sanction
FIC leads inspection
(registration & reporting only)
FIC is the lead on registration &
reporting & SB assist
One inspection report issued by the FIC. FIC to issue sanction
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -54-
CONFIDENTIAL
Powers of inspectors
• Question anyone
• Order any person to produce a document
• Open any strong room or container
• Access any computer system or equipment
• Examine, make copies or seize any document
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -55-
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Inspections
• Inspection is based on a questionnaire
• The questionnaire covers all the compliance duties of an accountable
institution
• The s43 compliance officer and/or CEO/Director/Head of the institution is
required to attend the inspection
• Certain documentation will be requested prior to the inspection i.e.
– Appointment letter of s43 compliance officer
– Internal rules
– Training manual & documents
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -56-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inspections
• Staff members will also be questioned
• Sampling of client files will be done to determine:
– Client Identification and Verification (CIV) obligations
– record keeping obligations
– reporting obligations
• The amount of files sampled will be determined by the type and scope of
the inspection
• The process, procedure or system for detecting and reporting CTRs and
STRs will also be tested
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -57-
CONFIDENTIAL
Collecting evidence
• Seize original documentation against issue of a receipt
• Documents may also be scanned
• Maintain evidence register
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -58-
CONFIDENTIAL
Inspection offences
• The failure to appear for questioning
• The failure to produce a document
• Intentionally gives false information
• The failure to comply with a reasonable request
• Intentionally hinders an inspector in the performance of his functions
• Administrative penalty:
– Natural person: R10 million
– Legal person: R50 million
• Criminal penalty:
– 5 years imprisonment
– R10 million
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -59-
CONFIDENTIAL
Post inspection
• An inspection report is written by the inspectors
• Inspected institution to provide comments on the inspection report
• Final inspection results issued
financial intelligence centre
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA -60-
CONFIDENTIAL
Costs
• The FIC or a SB may recover all expenses necessarily incurred in
conducting an inspection from an AI, RI or person inspected – s45B (3)
• Inspection manual: cost will only be recovered when material
non-compliance is found
• Where FIC accompanies a SB, FIC will pay their own costs. Those costs
cannot be recovered from the AI
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Administrative Sanctions
• The FIC or SB may impose an administrative sanction on any AI, RI or
other person to whom the Act applies when satisfied on available facts
and information that the institution or person:
– Has failed to comply with the FIC Act
– Has failed to comply with a condition of a licence, registration,
approval or authorisation issued i.t.o s45 (1B)(e)
– Has failed to comply with a directive
– Has failed to comply with non-financial administrative sanction
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Administrative Sanctions
• The decision to sanction or not will depend on the following factors:
– the willingness of the AI to comply
– the nature, duration, seriousness and extent of the non-compliance
– whether the AI has previously failed to comply with the FIC Act
– any remedial steps taken by the institution or person to prevent a
recurrence of the non-compliance
– any other mitigating or aggravating factors
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Administrative Sanctions
• The FIC or SB may impose any appropriate administrative sanction –
s45C (6)
• The FIC Act provides various administrative sanctions which includes:
– a caution not to repeat the conduct which led to the non-compliance
– a reprimand
– a directive to take remedial action or to make specific arrangements
– the restriction or suspension of certain specified business activities
– a financial penalty
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Administrative Sanctions
• SBs to consult the FIC before imposing an administrative sanction
• SB to impose sanction after representations from the inspected
institution – s45C (5) & (6)
• The Director or SB must, subject to certain conditions, make public the
decision and nature of the sanction imposed – s45C (11)
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Penalties imposed
• Any financial penalty imposed must be paid into the Criminal Assets
Recovery Account (CARA) established by s63 of POCA - s45C (7)
• CARA is controlled by a Ministerial committee - s65 of POCA
• The committee is to advise Cabinet in connection with the rendering of
financial assistance to law enforcement agencies and any other
institutions, organisations or funds established with the object to render
assistance to victims of crime - s68, 69 & 69A of POCA
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Appeals
• The appellant must lodge an appeal against a decision of the FIC or SB
made in terms of s45C (6) with the chairperson of the Appeal Board –
regulation 27C
• Where the SB conducted inspections i.t.o. other legislation as well there
will be more than one report
• If the appeal is against FIC Act sanction and sanction of another
legislation, the appeals will split
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Appeals
• The appellant must, with the appeal, pay a fee of R10 000 to the FIC –
regulation 27C (d)
• If the Appeal Board sets aside the decision of the FIC or SB, the
R10 000 must be refunded to the appellant – s45D (10)(a)
• If the Appeal Board varies a decision of the FIC or SB, it may direct that
the whole or part of the R10 000 be refunded to the appellant – s45D
(10)(b)
• Any party to an appeal is entitled to be represented at an appeal by a
legal representative – s45D (6)
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Appeals
• An appeal fee of R10 000 (ten thousand rand) is payable to the FIC and
proof of such payment must accompany the notice of appeal
• The payment must accompany the name of the appellant as reference
together with “Reg 27C(d) fee” when making the payment
• The bank details of the FIC can be found on the notice issued by FIC on
its website
• The appellant must complete the notice of appeal form within 30 days
from the date when notice of the decision by the SB or the FIC was
received in writing by the appellant
• The notice of appeal, proof of payment of the appeal fee and any
relevant documents must be hand delivered to the Secretary
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Appeals
• The office hours of the Secretary are 08:00 to 16:00 on business days
and documents will only be received between these hours
• The notice of appeal will only be accepted by the Secretary of the Appeal
Board if all procedural and legal requirements have been adhered to
• A set of the notice of appeal and other relevant documents must also be
delivered to the SB if the SB imposed the administrative sanction
• The Secretary of the FIC Act Appeal Board will notify all relevant parties
of the date of the appeal including all procedural requirements, after
consultation with the Appeal Board members and relevant parties
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Conclusion
•
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Questions & Answers