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karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
1
GarmÖkfa
dMeNIrkarxUcxatdIdUcCa PaBraMgs¶Üt sMNwkdI rWkarbMBuldIkMBugEtekIteLIgCajwkjab; ehIy CalT§pleFVIeGayplitPaBdIFøak;cuHCalMdab; . karhUrnaMénsarFatuKImIksikmμEdl)aneRbIeR)as; elIépÞdIeTAkñúgpøÚvTwkeFVIeGaymankarbMpøicbMpøajya:gF¶n;F¶rdl;KuNPaBTwk.
ehtudUecñHehIyeTIbeFVIeGaymankarcab;GarmμN_elIkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb. karGnuvtþn_ ksikm μsmRsbsMedAdl;karplitGahar nigsarFatusésnanakñúglkçN³mYyEdlminb:HBal;dl; brisßanFm μCati.
bnÞab;BIkare)aHBum<rbs;eyIg´elIkmun { Sustainable Agriculture with Organic
Fertilizer”esovePAenHRtUv)ane)aHBum<eLIgkñúgkþIsgwÇmpSBVpSayeGay)anTUlMTUlayGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb. esovePAenHepþatCasMxan;eTAelI CIkMb:usþ× CIlamkstV CIkMb:usþ×RKab; CITwk fñaMBulFmμCati Twkex μHeQInigFüÚg kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH ksi-rukçkm μ nig karsagsg;RsHTwk EdlCaviFIsaRsþGacykeTAGnuvtþn_)anedaygayRsYl.
eyIg´sgwÇmy:agmutmaMfaesovePAmKÁúeTsenHk¾nwgRtUv)aneRbICaRbeyaCn_ kñúgkarelIkkMBs; karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbtamry³karpSBVpSayedayPñak;garpSBVpSayBIsaklviTüal½y rWGgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)alnana k¾dUcCakareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvcMNab;Garm μN_rbs;ksikrenAmUldæan rWsisSa nusisSeGaykan;EtsIuCMerAEfmeTotGMBIsar³RbeyaCn_énksikmμsmRsb.
éf¶TI 01 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2009
m:aQitu mIhar:a nig GaKImi hVÚCimUtU
RbFanbNÑaFIkar
2
RbFanbNÑaFIkar m:aQitu mIhar:a nig GaKImi hVÚCimUtU saklviTüal½yksikmμtUküÚ RbeTsCb:un
KN³kmμkarbNÑaFIkar
saklviTüal½yksikmμtUküÚ ¬TUA¦ ekGisiuru GitahÁaKi hIrUKi GiNayhSÚmi GaKil mUham:ad nig kUlIn Gan;eKIsin viTüasßanEklMG nigGPirkSbrisßan ¬eGrIukun¦ takasiu GuGinu nig Cika GIusiuy:am:ak; saklviTüal½ykaesdsat ¬exyU¦ RbeTséf favan;sak; pUvsag saklviTüal½yxuneXn ¬exexyU¦ RbeTséf vidhay:a eRTLÚ-ehÁs nig m:ugXun ta-G‘Un smaKmn_GPivDÆn_brisßan nigCnbT ¬eGWud¦ RbeTséf LalIta sirIvDÆnanun nig ecr:anuc sak;xaMDYg saklviTüal½yPUminÞksikm μ ¬svPk¦ RbeTskm<úCa eg:a b‘unfan nig esg cinþa
GñkniBn§ GaKImi hVÚCimUtu ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1 yUehGi hasiumUtu ¬sakl> CIhVú/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 hIrUKi GiNayhSÚmi ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 3 ekGisiuru GitahÁaKi ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1 esGi kavak;mUr:ak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 m:aQitu mIhar:a ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 GaKil mUham:ad ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 eg:a b‘unfan ¬svPk/ km<úCa¦³ CMBUk 2
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
3
hIurUmu GUkahSava:k; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 favan;sak; pUvsag ¬exyU/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 yU saGitu ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 ecr:anuc sak;xaMDYg ¬eGWud/ éf¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 LalIta sirIvDÆnanun ¬eGWud/ éf¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 KIy:Usiu taCIm:ak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 kUtaru takar:adak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 m:ugXun ta-G‘Un ¬sakl> Xunexn/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 CUelon tUrILÚ ecG> ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 vidhay:a eRTLÚ-ehÁs ¬sakl> Xunexn/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 eknCI yUkUtak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2
¬erobtamlMdab;tYGkSrLataMg¦
4
matika
GarmÖkfa matika I. esckþIepþIm
1>1 bBaðabrisßanénkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μkñúgeBlfμ I²enH 1>2 eKalkarN_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsb
II. karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb 2>1 CIkMb:usþ× 2>2 CIlamkstV 2>3 CIkMb:usþ×RKab; 2>4 CITwk 2>5 fñaMBulFmμCati 2>6 Twkex μHeQI nigFüÚg 2>7 kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS 2>8 karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH 2>9 ksi-rukçkmμ 2>10 karsagsg;RsHTwk
III. esckþIsnñidæan Éksareyag
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
5
I. esckIþepþIm
1>1 bBaðabrisßanénkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μkñúgeBlfμ I²enH bERmbRmYlKYeGaykt;sMKal;énRbB½n§ksikmμ)anekIteLIgkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ edaysar rdæaPi)alénRbeTsCaeRcIn)anpþl;fvikaTMnukbMrugelIvis½yksikmμ edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GahareGay)an RKb;RKan;. CalT§pl ksikrPaKeRcIn)aneRbIsarFatuKImIksikm μdUcCa CIKImI fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itb¤esμA edIm,IrkSaTinñpldMNaMeGay)anx<s;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kareRbIsarFatuKImIksikm μeRcInhYs ehtueBk)anb:HBal;dl;CICatidI nigplitPaByUGEgVgrbs;dIksikmμ. sarFatuKImIksikmμEdlhUrecjBIdIksikm μ)aneFVIeGayxUcdl;brisßanTwk . karxUcxatenH )anekIneLIgCabnþbnÞab;edaykarhUrnaMénPaKl¥itrbs;dIEdlbNþalmkBIsMNwkdI ¬rUbPaB 1>1¦. sMNwkdIk¾CaehtuEdlbNþaleGay)at;bg;KuNPaBdIpgEdr tamry³karhUreRcaHéndImemakenA RsTab;dIxagelI. CICatiEdlhUrnaMmkCamYysMNwkdITaMgenH )anFøak;cUleTAkñúgpøÚvTwk nigbMBuldl; RbPBTwk.
rUbPaB 1>1 lkçN³sMNwkdI
6
fñaMsMlab;stVli¥tCaTUeTARtUv)anpSMeLIgBIsarFatuBulnana ehIynigsarFatuciBa©wmmYycMnYn dUcCaGasUt rWpUsV½r EdlCamUlehtunaMeGayekItmankarbMBulTwk ¬rUbPaB 1>2¦. karbMBulTwk KWCa dMeNIrkarEdlRbPBTwkTTYlnUvsarFatuciBa©wmeRcInelIskMrit bgálkçN³GMeNaypldl;karlUtlas; y:agqab;rh½sénBBYkbøg;tug nigPavrs;kñúgTwkepSg²eTot. karlUtlas;ya:gqab;rh½senHeFVIeGay kat;bnßykMritGuksIuEsnrlaykñúgTwk ehIyCamUlehtubNþaleGayPavrs;epSg²søab;)an.
rUbPaB 1>2 karbMBulTwkRsH
kardutsMGatkaksMNl;rukçCatiEdlGnuvtþedayksikrRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarcaM)ac; eRBaHva CaviFIgayRsYl nigcMNaytickñúgkarsMGatsMNl;epSg²elIdIrbs;Kat;edIm,IeRtomsMrab;kardaMdMNaM bnÞab;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kMedAkñúgeBldutenaH)ansMlab;mIRkUsrIragÁ rWstVl¥itmanRbeyaCn_ epSg²enAkñúgdI. cMENksmasPaBénsarFatuciBa©wmkñúgsMNl;rukçCatiEdlmanenAelIdIenaHk¾RtUv)an )at;bg;tamry³kardutenHpgEdr.
rUbPaB 1>3 kardutsMGatdI
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
7
kar)aj;fñaMsMlab;esμA nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥it ¬rUbPaB 1>4¦ Edlminmankaryl;dwgBIsuvtßiPaB énkareRbIR)as;GacbgáreGaymanbBaðaF¶n;F¶rCaeRcIndUcCa CatiBulCab;kñúgplitplksikmμ rWman CMgwdl;mnusSCaBiessKWCMgWmharIkEs,k ¬rUbPaB 1>5¦. dUecñH karENnaMdl;ksikrmUldæaneGay ecHeRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itRbkbedaysuvtßiPaBRtUvEtCaGtiPaBx<s;.
rUbPaB 1>4 kar)aj;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥iteday rUbPaB 1>5 CMgWmharIkEs,k K μansuvtßiPaB
rUbPaB 1>6 karENnaMGMBIkareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIsMlab;stVl¥itedaysuvtßiPaB
viFIeRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itsMrab;suvtßiPaBrbs;GñkRbsinebIGñkcaM)ac;RtUveRbIfñaMKImIsMlab;stVl¥itelIdIksikm μrbs;Gñk
sUmkMuePøccMNucTaMgenH
RbPBBIesovePAENnaMénnaykdæanRKb;RKgkarbMBul 2007 www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/haz_chemicals_use.html
Bak;m:askarBar
Bak;eRsaméd Bak;exaeCIgEvg GavédEvg eBl)aj;fñaM lagsMGatédnigxøÜnR)aNbnÞab;BI )aj;fñaMrYc
fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itKImIman eRKaHfñak;dl;RtI nigstVkñúgTwk. sUmkMue)aHvacUleTAkñúgRbPBTwk.
Bak;mYknigr)aMgkarBarEPñk Bak;m:assMrab;kar karBarkMritx<s; Bak;rU:bkarBar Bak;Es,keCIg Tukdak;fñaMeGayputBI édekμg
8
1>2 eKalkarN_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb
ksikm μsmRsbcUlrYmnUvktþasMxan;bIénbrisßanFmμCati cMNUlesdækic© nigsmPaBsgÁm ¬rUbPaB 1>7¦. eTaHCaRbB½n§ksikmμEdlBwgEp¥ksarFatuKImIksikm μGacbegáInplitplGahar nig sarFatusréskñúgry³eBlxøIk¾eday vak¾bNþaleGaymanbBaðajbrisßanCaeRcIn. RbB½n§enHk¾GnuBaØat eGayksikrcMnYnticplitGahar nigsarFatusrés)aneRcInpgEdr.
brisßan
RbB½n§sgÁm esdækic©
rUbPaB 1>7 ktþasMxan;bIy:agénksikmμsmRsb
enAeBlEdlmankaryl;dwgBIbrisßanekIneLIg ksikrCaeRcInenAtMbn;epSg²Kña)ancab;epþIm
pøas;bþÚreTArkkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsb. eTaHbICamankarlM)akkñúgkarkMNt;niymn½yGMBI { PaB smRsb } kñúgvis½yksikmμk¾eday k¾mankarGnuvtþn_CaeRcInEdlnaMeTArkksikm μsmRsbdUcCa kareFVIksikmμsrIragÁ kardaMdMNaMqøas; ksikm μcMruH ksi-rukçkmμ rW ksikm μsMrab;hUbkñúgRKYsar.
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
9
KuNRbeyaCn_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbGacsegçb)andUcxageRkam³
1> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbRtUv)anepþateTAelIkareRbIR)as;FnFankekIteLIgvij nig¼b¤FnFan GaceRbIR)as;eLIgvij. kareRbIR)as;énFnFanGackekIteLIgvijenAkñúgRbB½n§ksikmμGacman plRbeyaCn_cMeBaHbrisßan. ]TahrN_ sMNl;stV nigrukçCatiGacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IeFVICIkMb:usþ× EdlGacCMnYssarFatuKImI.
2> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCYykarBarRbB½n§brisßanTaMgmUl EdlnaMeGayFnFanFm μCatiGac kekIteLIgvijCabnþbnÞab;. RbB½n§dMNaMvilCMuEdl)anGnuvtþedayksikrmYycMnYntUcenAtMbn;PñM GnuBaØateGayéRBeQIduHlUtlas;eLIgvijtamry³karkab;;rukçCatitUc² nigrkSaTukedImeQIFM².
3> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCYybegáInKuNPaBénCIvitrbs;buKÁlmñak; nigshKmn_TaMgmUl. edIm,I Gnuvtþksikm μsmRsb ksikreFVIskm μPaBmYycMnYnEdlCYybegáItR)ak;cMNUlCamYynwgkar cMNaytic.
4> RbB½n§ksikmμsmRsbKWCaRbB½n§pþl;KuNRbeyaCn_ . karbBa¢ÚncMeNHdwgGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μ smRsbBICMnan;mYyeTACMnan;mYyeTot manplRbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;sMrab;mnusSCMnan;eRkay. karBiPakSaGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsbrvagshKmn_epSgKña k¾CYyBRgwgcMeNHdwgrbs;RbCa CnmUldæaneGaykan;EtTUlMTUlaypgEdr.
10
II. karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb
karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbRtUv)ancab;GarmμN_ nigRbtibtþiedIm,IseRmc)anksikmμnigbrisßan RbkbedaynirnþrPaB. bc©úb,nñ mankarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCaeRcInEdlRtUv)aneKkMBugsikSa nig elIkKMeragsikSa. karGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsbdUcCa CIkMb:usþ× lamkstV CIkMb:usþ×RKab; CITwk fñaMBulFmμCati Twkex μHeQInigFüÜg kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH ksi-rukçkmμ nigkarsagsg;RsHTwk CaviFIgay²EdlksikrmUldæanGacGnuvtþ)ansMrab;dIksikmμrbs;Kat;. b:uEnþ karGnuvtþn_TaMgenHGacRtUvpøas;bþÚr b¤EkrtMrUveGayRtUveTAtamvtßúFatuedIm nigesckþIRtUvkarkñúgtMbn;.
rUbPaB 2> 1 karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbþenAtMbn;CMralPñM extþ eQog ér: RbeTséf
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
11
2>1 CIkMb:usþ× CIkMb:usþ×EdlCaRbePTCIsrIragÁpSMecjBIsMNl;rukçCati KWCasarFatud¾manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkar begáInlkçN³rUb niglkçN³KImIrbs;dI. dMeNIrkarbMEbkFatuCakMb:usþ×edayBBYkmIRkUsrIragÁRtUvkar eBlevlaBI 1 eTA 3Ex. kñúgkMLúgeBleLIgem sItuNðPaBénsarFatueFVIkMb:us×þenHGacekIndl; 50 eTA 70 GgSaes. CIkMb:usþ×pþl;sar³RbeyaCn_kñúgkarbegáInsarFatusrIragÁkñúgdI begáInTMrg;dI nigCYyrkSa sMeNImrbs;dI.
2>1>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ× • sMNl;rukçCatidUcCa cMebIg søwkGMeBA sMNl;sENþk Gacm_rNa sMNl;eBat es μA
søwkrukçCati .l. • dIEdlmanCICati ¬exμA hμt; nigmansMeNIm¦ • lamkstV • BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁmYycMnYnEdlmanRbsiT§PaBsMrab;karbMEbkCakMb:usþ×
rUbPaB 2>2 sMNl;rukçCatieRbICavtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVICIkMb:us×þ
12
2>1>2 rebobeFVICIkMb:us×þ manrebobCaeRcInsMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ×. rUbPaB 2>3 bgðajGMBIrebobeFVICIkMb:usþ×eBjniymkñúg cMeNamksikrmUldæan.
rUbPaB 2>3 rebobeFVICIkMb:usþ×epSg²Kña
2>1>3 CMh‘ankñúgkareFVICIkMb:usþ×
1¦ tMerobsMNl;rukçCati dI nig¼rW lakmkstV eTAkñúgRbGb;eFVICIkMb:usþ×
2¦ eRsacTwkeGayeCaK nighab; bnÞab;mkRKbvaedIm,IkMueGayePøóghUreRcaH
xül;
1) erobcMCaBMnUk ehIyRKbCamYynwgpøassÞik rYcs‘kbMBg;manrn§cUlkñúgBMnUkdI
b¤sSI rW bMBg;C½rmanrn§
2) dak;elIdIedayminRKb rYcs‘kbMBg;manrn§
b¤sSI rW bMBg;C½rmanrn§
3) dak;kñúgreNþAdIehIyRKbdIBIelI
RKb;edayKRmbdI RsTab;dI
4) dak;kñúgRbGb;edaymanbMBg;ecaHrn§
b¤sSI rW bMBg;C½rmanrn§
xül;
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
13
3¦ RbsinebIGt;manbMBg;xül;ecjcUleT RtUvkayRtLb;evogral;s)þah_
2>1>4 bec©keTseFVICIkMb:usþ×
RbePT 1³ dak;CaRsTab;²eTAtamRbePTvtßúFatuedIm ehIyeRsacTwkRKb;RsTab;nImYy²
14
RbePT 2³ cUkRtLb;sarFatuTaMgGs;eGaysBVcUlKña rYcehIyeRsacTwkeGayeCaK
kMNt;sMKal;³
- CICatienAkñúgCIkMb:usþ× nigry³eBlénkareLIgemxusKñaGaRs½yeTAtamRbePTvtßúFatuedIm
- mIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBEdldak;bEnßmeTAelIvtßúFatuedImCYyBenøÓndMeNIrkarénkareLIgem
- vtßúFatuedImEdlmankMritGasUteRcInk¾CYyBenøÓnkareLIgempgEdr
- ktþasMxan;bIy:agEdlCYybegáInkarbMEbkFatuCaCIkMb:usþ×KW sMeNIm xül; nigBBYkmIRkUsrIragÁ
rUbPaB 2>4 kareFVICIkMb:usþ×kñúgRTug enAextþkMBg;cam RbeTskm<úCa
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
15
2>2 CIlamkstV
kaksMNl;énkarciBa©wmstVdUcCa lamkeKa RbbI b¤man; manCICati nigsarFatusrIragÁeRcIn. tamry³dMeNIrkareLIgem lamkTaMgenHbEmøgeTACaCIsrIragÁd¾l¥ehAfaCIlamkstV. b:uEnþ karTuk dak;kak;sMNl;énkarciBa©wmstVmin)ansmRsbGacnaMeTArkbBaðabrisßanF¶n;F¶rdUcCa karhUrecjén GasUt pUsV½r emeraK rWstVl¥itcéRg bEnßmBIelIkarbMBuledaykøin.
2>2>1 smÖar³sMrab;kareFVICIlamkstV
• RbePTlamkstVciBa©wmNamYydUcCa Gacm_eKa rW man;
rUbPaB 2>5 KMnrlamkstV
2>2>2 rebobeFVICIlamkstV
lakmkstVRtUvlaybBa©ÚlKña KrCaBMnUkx<s;Cag 1Em:Rt ehIyRKbCamYynwgRkNat;pøas; sÞikedIm,IbegáInsItuNðPaBkñúgkMLúgeBleLIgem ¬rUbPaB 2>5¦. CaTUeTARtUvkarry³eBl 1Ex edIm,I eGaylakmkstVTaMgenHeLIgem.
Gacm_eKa KRmbpøas;sÞik
x<s;Cag 1Em:Rt
sItuNðPaBsmRsbKI x<s;Cag 60 GgSaes
16
rUbPaB 2>6 lamkeKamun nigeRkayeBlTukeGayeLIgemry³eBl 1Ex
kMNt;sMKal;³
- dMeNIrkareLIgemmansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;karkMcat;BBYkemeraK nigmIRkUsrIragÁeRKaHfñak;nana dUcCaGIu-kUéL ¬E-coli¦
- kardak;bEnßmmIRkUsrIragÁEdlmanRbsiT§PaB GacCYybegáInel,Óndl;kareLIgem
- manktþasMxan;bIy:agEdlCMrujdl;kareLIgeménlamkstVrYmman sMeNIm xül; nigmIRkUsrIragÁ k¾dUcCakarbMEbkFatuénsMNl;rukçCatipgEdr.
rUbPaB 2>7 KMnrlamkeKa
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
17
2>3 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;
edaysardg;sIueténCIkMb:usþ×RbEhl 1/9Rkam¼s>m3 tUcCagdg;sIueténdIEdlman 2/7Rkam¼ s>m3 eFVIeGayTwkePøóg b¤TwkhUrelIépÞdIGachUrnaMykCIkMb:us×þedaygayCagdI. edIm,IbegáInPaBCab; RbqaMgnwgkarhUreRcaH nigedIm,IrkSaeGayCIkMb:us×þenAelIdI)anyUr enaHCIkMb:us×þRKab;BitCamanKuN sm,tiþ. mü:ageTot CIkMb:usþ×RKab;pþl;PaBgayRsYleRcIndl;ksikrkñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún nig)aceTAelIdI ksikm μrbs;Kat;ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgCIkMb:usþ×Fmμta eRBaHvamanTMrg;CaRKab;.
2>3>1 smÖar³sMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ×RKab;
• CIkMb:us×þFmμta eFVIBIsMNl;rukçCati b¤lamkstV
• dI\dæ
• sárgU
rUbPaB 2>8 smÖar³ nigdMeNIrkarénkarplitCIkMb:us×þRKab;
2>3>2 rebobplitCIkMb:usþ×RKab;
GRtal,ayénCIkMb:usþ×Fm μta dI\dæ nigsárgUKYrEtmanPaKry 10 ³ 1 ³ 0/01 dUcbgðajkñúg
Processes :
Materials :
- Compost
- Soil
- Molasses
Compost
Soil
Molasses
Ratio
10 1
0.01
1. Mixing the materialsand put into the machine
2. Dryingfor 1-2 days
3. Granular compost is ready to use
vtßúFatuedIm³
kMb:us×þ
dI
sárgU
brimaN kMb:us×þ
sárgU
dI\dæ 3> layvtßúFatuedIm
cUlKñaehIydak; eTAkñúgmasIun
2> halry³eBl 1éf¶ b¤ 2éf¶
1> CIkMb:usþ×RKab;rYcral; sMrab;eRbIR)as;
dMeNIrkar³
18
rUbPaB 2>8. dI\dæ nigsárgU eRbIsMrab;eFVIeGaykMb:usþ×s¥itCab;Kña. Twkk¾RtUv)anbEnßmeTAelIdMeNIrkar énkarplitCIkMb:us×þRKab;enHEdr.
manviFIBIry:agkñúgkareFVICIkMb:usþ×rayeTACaCIkMb:us×þRKab;KWeFVIedayéd nigedaym:asIun ¬rUbPaB 2>9/ 2>10¦. kareFVIedaym:asIunGacplitCIkMb:usþ×RKab;)anelOnCagkareFVIedayéd.
rUbPaB 2>9 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;plitedayéd
rUbPaB 2>10 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;plitedaym:asIun
kMNt;sMKal;³
- KYrcab;GarmμN_eTAelIbrimaNénsárgUEdl)anEfm. karlUtlas;énrukçCatiGacmanbBaðaRbsinebI dak;sárgUeRcInCagPaKryEdl)anelIkeLIgxagelI.
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
19
2>4 CITwk
CITwk KWCasarFaturavEdl)anBIsMNl;stV rWrukçCatiEdl)anbEmøgCakMb:usþ×tamry³kareLIg emedaymIRkUsrIragÁnana. kñúgdMeNIrkareLIgemCakarcaM)ac;RtUvbEnßmsárgU b¤sáFmμtaedIm,IciBa©wm BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁTaMgenaH.
manbNþMúsarFatuepSgKñaCaeRcInenAkñúgekasikarrukçCati nigstVdUcCa kabUnnIRdat RbUetGIun GamINUGasIut CIvCatirukçCati Gg;sIum b¤GkmUnrukçCati EdlGaceRbIR)as;sMrab;eFVICITwk)an.
2>4>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;kareFVICITwk
manrUbmnþCaeRcInkñúgkarbegáItCIravedIm,IeGayRsbeTAtameKalbMNgrbs;ksikr b¤edIm,I Kat;GacTTYlyk)an. vtßúFatuedImenAkñúgtMbn;EdlGacrk)anmandUcxageRkam³
• sMNl;rukçCati
• sMNl;stV
• EpøeQITMu
• sMNl;BIpÞH)ay rWsMNl;GaharepSg²
• sárgU rWsáFmμta
2>4>2 rebobbegáItCITwk
CITwkRtUv)anbegáItBIsMNl;rukçCati rWstVEdl)aneLIgemeRkamlkç½x½NÐmanxül; rWKμanxül;. karbEnßmmIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBmYycMnYn GacCYyeGaykarbEmøgkan;EtelOn. eRkABIkarbEnßm BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBmYycMnYn sárgU rWsáFm μtak¾mansar³sMxan;sMrab;eFVICaGaharrbs; BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁpgEdr.
20
1¦ ci®Ba©aMvtßúFatuedImTaMgGs;eGayl¥it²
2¦ layvtßúFatuedImTaMgGs;Edl)anci®Ba©aMrYcCamYynwgsárgU b¤sáFmμta. mIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaB nanaGacbEnßmenATIenH
3¦ dak;vtßúFatuedImEdllayehIyTaMgGs;eTAkñúgFugsMrab;eLIgem EfmTwk nigkUreGaysb;
dMeNIrkarbEmøgCaCIkMb:us×þRtUvkareBlRbEhl 30-60 éf¶. eRkayeBlbBa©b;dMeNIrkar eLIgemenH TwkBN’etñatmankøindUcGakul ¬rUbPaB 2>9¦ nwgekItmanenAkñúgFug. kalNavaenAman køins¥úy rWkiøncMELkxusBIGakul mann½yfadMeNIrkareLIgemenHenAminTan;bBa©b;enAeLIyeT. enAeBl enHKYrbEnßm sárgU rWsáFmμtaeTot.
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
21
rUbPaB 2>9 CIrav
rUbPaB 2>11 CITwk
kMNt;sMKal;³ - kñúgkMLúgeBldMeNIrkareLIgemminRtUvbitKMrbFugCiteBkeT
- edIm,IbegáInkMritGuksIuEsn RtUvkUrl,aykúñgFugerogral; 3éf¶mþg
- bnÞab;BIeFVICITwkenHrYcehIy RtUvrkSaFugTukkñúgmøb;
- CITwkKWCaCIEdlmankMhab;x<s;. RtUvBRgavvaBI 10 eTA 100 dg CamYyTwkmuneBleRbIvaeTAelI dMNaM.
esckþIbEnßm³ rUbmnþmYycMnYnsMrab;karplitCIravmandUcxageRkam³
rUbmnþ 1³ RtBaMg2KILÚÚÚÚRkam Bnøkeck2KILÚRkam RtkYn2KILÚRkam søwksENþk2KILÚRkam sárgU 3KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk50lIRt
rUbmnþ 2³ eckTMu2KILÚRkam lðúgTMu2KILÚRkam el<A2KILÚRkam sárgU3KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk 50lIRt
rUbmnþ 3³ søwknigEpøm:rinda5KILÚRkam løúgTMu5KILÚRkam mñas;TMu5KILÚRkam sáetñat5KILÚRkam nig Twk 15lIRt
rUbmnþ 4³ sMNl;RtI12KILÚRkam sárgU7KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk15lIRt
22
2>5 fñaMBulFmμCati
karyl;dwgGMBIKuNvibtþiénsarFatuKImIksikmμ )anCMrujeGayksikrEsVgrknUvvtßúFatuedImnana sMrab;plitfñaMBuledIm,ITb;Tl;nwgstVl¥itbMpøaj nigCMgWrukçCatinanakñúgksidæanrbs;xøÜn.
enAtamtMbn;nanaksikreRbIRbePTedImeQI esμA rWCIedIm,IkarBardMNaMksikmμBIBBYkstVbMpøaj rWCMgW. karGnuvtþn_TaMgenHRtUv)anehAfaCacMeNHdwgkñúgRsuk ehIykMBugRtUv)ansikSaedayGñkviTüa sa®sþedIm,IGPivDÆnUvfñaMBulpSMBIrukçCatiTaMgenaHeGaykan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBx<s;EfmeTot.
2>5>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCati
manRbePTrukçCati rWtiNeTsCaeRcInEdlmanpÞúknUvsarFatumanRbsiT§PaBGackarBardMNaM BIkarbMpøajedayBBYkstVbMpøaj rWCMgW.
• rukçCati rWesμAEdlmanpÞúknUvsarFatumanRbsiT§PaBsMrab;karBardMNaMBIkarbMpøajedayBBYk stVl¥itcéRg rWCMgW mandUcCa esþA ¬GahSaDIrac;ta GinDika¦ edImT®nÞagExRt ¬GW)a:ferom GudraFum¦ fñaMCk; ¬nIkUET¢na ta)aKum¦ eRbgxül; møÚ ¬TINUs<:r:a RKIs,:a¦ páaés,erOg ¬taEhÁt GWricta¦ søwkéRK ¬sIumbUb:UhÁún NaDws¦ remot ¬XWXüÚm:a LúghÁa¦ emÞs rW Kl;søwkéRK.
esþA edImT®nÞanExRt
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
23
rUbPaB 2>12 rukçCati rWtiNeTssMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFmμCati
2>5>2 rebobeFVIfñaMBulFm μCati
edayGaRs½yeTAtameKalbMNg nigTItaMgéntMbn; vtßúFatuedImEdleRbIsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFmμCati GacRtUv)anpøas;bþÚr. dMeNIrkarénkarcRmaj;sarFatumanRbsiT§PaBBIvtßúFatuedImnanaGacRtUvEbgEck
Kl;søwkéRK emÞs
søwkéRK remot
fñaMCk; eRbgxül;
møÚ pþaés,erOg
24
CaBIrrebobdUcxageRkam ³
1¦ vtßúFatuedImmYycMnYnGacykmkeRbI)anPøam². ci®Ba©aMvaeGayl¥itrYc)ac;eTACMuvijKl;dMNaM.
2¦ sarFatuRbePTxøHeTotRtUvkareFVIeGayeLIgemsineTIbGaceRbI)an. ry³eBlénkareLIgemKW RbEhl 30 eTA 60 éf¶ edIm,IcRmaj;sarFatumanRbsiT§PaBecjBIvtßúFatuedImTaMgenH. GaRs½y tamsarFatu GakulGacRtUv)anbEnßmedIm,IeGaykarcRmaj;sarFatukan;EtgayRsYl.
rUbPaB 2>13 kareRtomvtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCati
rUbPaB 2>14 kardak;eGayeLIgeménvtßúFatuedImry³eBl 30 eTA 60 éf¶
kMNt;sMKal;³
- fñaMBulFmμCatimanplb:HBal;tictYcdl;brisßan nigmnusS
- fñaMBulFmμCatiEdl)aneLIgemmankMhab;x<s;. RtUvBRgavkMhab;BI 10 eTA 100 dg CamYyTwk munnwgeRbIeTAelIdMNaM .
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
25
]bsm<½n§³ rUbmnþmYycMnYnsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCatimanbgðajdUcxageRkam³ rUbmnþsMrab;karBarRTIb ³ søwkGakasüa2KILÚRkam RtUyesþA1Fug rMedg2KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁman
RbsiT§PaB1Ekv sárgU3KILÚRkam nig Twk30lIRt ¬ry³eBleLIgem 20éf¶¦
rUbmnþsMrab;karBardgáÚvkat;edIm ³ remot1KILÚRkam nigTwk40lIRt ¬bukremoteGayhμt;rYcdak;RtaMkñúg TwkTukry³eBlbIbYnéf¶¦
rUbmnþsMrab;karBarBBYkéc ³ emÞss¶ÜÜt1KILÚRkam nigTwk10lIRt ¬bukemÞseGayhμt;ehIydak;RtaMkñúg
TwkTukry³eBl 1yb;¦
rUbmnþkarBarmmacetñat ³ RKab;esþA 1KILÚÚRkam nigTwk 20lIRt ¬bukRKab;esþAeGayhμt; rYcdak;RtaM
kñúgTwkTukry³eBl 1yl;¦
26
2>6 TwkexμHeQI nigFüÚg
Twkex μHeQI KWCaGgÁFaturavEdl)anmkBIkardutFüÚgkñúgdMeNIrkardutkMedAeRkaml½kçx½NÐK μan xül;. kñúgkMLúgeBldutenH EpSgRtUv)aneFVIeGaykkRsk;eTACaTwkBN’etñatehAfa TwkexμHeQI ¬rUbPaB 2>15¦.
mankareRbIR)as;eRcIncMeBaHTwkex μHeQIdUcCa eRbICasarFatubM)at;køin GgÁFatubnSúT§ rWeRbI kñúgvis½yevC¢sa®sþCaedIm. cMeBaHkareRbIR)as;kñúgvis½yksikmμ ksikrGaceRbITwkexμHeQIsMrab;karBar stVl¥itbMpøajnana begáInkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM b¤eFVIeGaydMNaMlUtlas;)anl¥.
rUbPaB 2>15 sMNakénTwkex μHeQI
2>6>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVITwkexμHeQI nigFüÚg
• RbePTeQINamYyk¾)an • sMbkFugsamgcMNuH 200 lIRt sMrab;eFVIc®gáan • bMBg;TIBekag ¬Ggát;p©wt 10sg;TIEm:Rt¦ • bMBg;TIBEvgRbEvg 1Em:Rt ¬Ggát;p©wt 10sg;TIEm:Rt¦ • \dætan;cMnYn 5 • fμ\dæ
W
RbPB: www.plai.co.th/organic/pic/icon/agr_1.jpg
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
27
rUbPaB 2>16 KMrULeFVITwkex μHeQI
2>6>2 rebobeFVITwkex μHeQI nigFüÚg
Lmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkareFVITwkex μHeQI nigFüÚg.
1¦ dak;sMbkFugsaMgelIdMu\dæehIyeFVICBa¢aMg
2¦ P¢ab;bMBg;TIBeTAnwgFugsaMgedaybiTnwgdI\dæ 3¦ dak;eQI rWb¤sSIcUleTAkñúgFugsaMgdUcbgðajkñúgrUbPaB A nig B
4¦ erob\dætan;begáItkEnøgbgáat;ePøIgenABImuxFug
dI\dælayCamYyTwk
fμ
B A
dI b¤xSac;
28
5¦ bgáat;ePøIg
6¦ dutePøIgeGayeqHrhUtEpSgERbBIBN’seTABN’RbepH bnÞab;mkbnßyePøIgedayRtYtBinitü brimaNxül;cUltamry³karEktRmUvrn§xül;.
7¦ bnÞab;BIbnßyePøIgry³eBl 30naTI eTA 1em:ag EpSgnwgERbCaBN’slayelOgRsal. eBl enHcab;epþImRtgykTwkexμHeQI.
8¦ bnÞab;BIRbmUlykTwkexμHeQIehIy EpSgnwgERbeTACaBN’slayexov. bnÞab;BIenaHRtUvebIkrn§ xül;ry³eBl 20-30 naTI. EpSgnwgERbeTACaBN’exovc,as; dUcenHRtUvbitrn§xül;nigbMBg; EpSg. bnÞab;BI)anry³eBl 12-15 em:ag RtUvebIkecjedIm,IRbmUlykFüÚg.
kMNt;sMKal;³ - edIm,ITTYl)anTwkexμHeQIEdlmanKuNPaBx<s; sItuNðPaBeBldutRtUvenAcenøaHBI 300 eTA 425
GgSaes
- kñúgTwkexμHeQImanTwkRbmaN 80-90PaKry nigsarFatusrIragÁ 200 RbePT
- eb:has ¬pH¦ énTwkexμHeQIKuNPaBl¥mantMélRbEhl 2/0-3/2 nigdg;sIuetRbEhl 1/007-1/024.
rn§xül;
TwkexμHeQI
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
29
- bnÞab;BIRbmUlTwkex μHeQIBIdMeNIrkardutFüÚgehIy rkSaTukry³eBl 3Ex. TwkexμHeQInwgecjCa TMrg; 3RsTab;³ RsTab;TI1KWeRbgRsal RsTab;TI2KWTwkexμHeQI nigRsTab;TI3KWCaC½r. manEt RsTab;TI2eTEdlGacykmkeRbICaTwkex μHeQI)an.
rUbPaB 2>17 FüÚgnigTwkex μHeQIEdlplitCamYynwgLeFVIedayéd enARbeTséf
30
2>7 karerobcMdIEbbGPirkS
tYnaTIsMxan;énkarerobcMdIKWkarbegáIndl;karlUtlas;éndMNaM karCYysMrYldl;karRtYtBinitü sMNab nigkarkMcat;es μAcéRg ¬rUbPaB 2>18¦. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday karerobcMdIGacpþl;pl b:HBal;dl;RbB½n§eGkULÚsIuFm μCati nigplitPaBdIpgEdr RbsinebIkarerobcMdIRbRBwT§eTAeRcInhUs kMrit ¬rUbPaB 2>19¦. enAkñúgTsSvtSf μ I²enH karerobcMdIEbbGPirkSRtUv)anGnuvtþn_y:agTUlMTUlay eRBaHvaCYybegáInkarTb;Twk nigkat;bnßykar)at;bg;dI.
rUbPaB 2>18 RbB½n§P¢Ürras;dIepSg²
rUbPaB 2>19 sMNwkdIEdlekIteLIgelIdIksidæanEdlP¢Ürras;ehIy
2>7>1 sMPar³sMrab;kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS
• esμA b¤ sMNl;rukçCatiepSg² • ]bkrN_sMrab;eFVIdIEbbGPirkSdUcCa eQIbus rW cbCIk
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
31
2>7>2 reboberobcMdIEbbGPirkS
1¦ Tuky:agtic 30° énépÞdIeGayRKbedayesμA b¤sMNl;rukçCati
2¦ kat;bnßykarerobcMdIeRcInsar
3¦ karerobcMdIedayeRbIeQIbusSk¾manRbsiT§PaBpgEdr
kMNt;sMKal;³ - ]bkrN_erobcMdI b¤]bkrN_EfTaMdMNaM mankarERbRbYleTAtamTMenomTMlab;énkarGnuvtþn_rbs;
ksikrkñúgtMbn; - esμA rWsMNl;rukçCatiEdlsl;enAelIépÞdIGacCYykat;bnßysMNwkdI.
karerobcMdIFm μta karerobcMdIEbbGPirkS
kareRbIeQIbusSsMrab;eFVIdI
32
2>8 karTb;sáat;kahUreRcaH
ERscMkarenAtMbn;x<g;rab gayTTYlrgnUvsMNwkdIy:agxøaMgCaBiessenAkñúgRbeTstMbn;RtUBik EdlEtgEtmanePøógxøaMgCajwkjab;. kar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dIEdlekIteLIgedaykarhUr eRcaHBIdIksikmμmanplb:HBal;y:agF¶n;F¶rdl;KuNPaBTwkénRbPBTwknana nigbrisßan. kareFVIr)aM karBarkarhUreRcaH KWCaviFIsa®sþmYyEdlmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarkat;bnßykar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wm rbs;dIBIépÞdIksikmμ.
2>8>1 smÖar³sMrab;eFVIr)aMkarBarkarhUreRcaH
mansMPar³eRcInRbePTsMrab;beFVIr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH • esμA b¤ rukçCati ¬sMrab;r)aMges μAkarBarkarhUreRcaH¦ • sMbkRskIdUg ¬sMrab;r)aMgRskIdUgkarBarkarhUreRcaH¦ • rukçCatiduHenAtamdgTenø ¬sMrab;r)aMgrukçCatikarBarkarhUreRcaHtamRCaMgTenø¦
2>8>2 rebobeFVIr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH 1¦ segát nigKUsvasBIlkçN³énkarhUreRcaHelIdIcMkar 2¦ eRCIserIsTItaMgsmRsbsMrab;dak;r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAkñúgdIcMkarenaH. r)aMgkarBarkar
hUreRcaHenHKYrEtdak;eGaykat;TTwgénlMhUrelIépÞenaH.
rUbPab 2>20 r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAelIdIcMkar
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
33
rUbPaB 2>21 r)aMgRskIdUgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAelIdIksidæan
3¦ bnÞab;BIeRCIserIssmÖar³EdlGaceRbIsMrab;begáItr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH)anehIy yksmÖar³ TaMgenaHeTAdak;kñúgcMkar.
4¦ cMeBaHkarTb;sáat;karhUreRcaHtammat;Tenø RtUvrkSarukçCatinanaEdlduHtammat;TenøenaH
kMNt;sMKal;³ - viFITaMgenHGacCYykat;bnßy)anRbEhl 50° eTA 70°énkar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dI
- viFITb;sáat;karhUreRcaHTaMgenHGacCYybegáInkarRsUbykTwkrbs;dIpgEdr
- KYrkb;RskIdUgcUleTAkñúgdIy:agticRbEvgBak;kNþalénRskIdUg
r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHRskIdUg
RskIdUmuneBldMeGayTYk
bnÞab;BIdMeGayTYk
34
2>9 ksi-rukçkmμ
ksi-rukçkmμ KWCaRbB½n§ksikmμsmRsbmYyEdlmanGtßRbeyaCn_TaMgedaypÞal;nigRbeyal mandUcCa bnßykarswkrIkriléndI CMrujclnavdþFnFanFmμCati begáInR)ak;cMNUldl;ksikr nigkat; bnßykarbMBulbrisßan.
2>9>1 sMPar³sMrab;begáItksi-rukçkm μ
• RbePTdMNaMNamYy edImeQI rW esμA .
2>9>2 rebobbegáItksi-rukçkm μ
1¦ ksi-rukçkmμkñúgépÞdIrabes μIénCMralPñM³ sMNwkdIF¶n;F¶r nigkar)at;bg;sarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dIEtgEt ekIteLIgCajwkjab;enAelIépÞdIrabesμ IénCMralPñM. dITMenrCaBiessenATICMralGacRtUvRKbeday rukçCatiCamYynwgksi-rukçkm μ.
ksi-rukçkm μCamYynwgr)aMgkarhUreRcaHedayeRbIesμA ksi-rukçkm μCamYynwgesμA
ksi-rukçkm μCamYydMNaMesdækic© ksi-rukçkm μCamYytiNeTs nigdMNaMesdækic©
épÞdIrabes μI edImeQIdMNaM
épÞrabes μ IdMNaM edImeQIes μA es μA
épÞdIrabes μI edImeQI dMnaMrYmpSM
épÞrabes μ I edImeQI
es μA dMNaMsMrab;lk;
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
35
rUbPaB 2>22 épÞrabes μ IénTICMralkarBarkarhUreRcaHedayeRbIes μA
2¦ ksi-rukçkmμenAelIdIksikm μtMbn;x<g;rab³ ksi-rukçkmμk¾manGtßRbeyaCn_pgEdrsMrab;dIERscMkar enAtMbn;x<g;rabTaMgTICMral rWTIrabes μ I.
kardaMedImeQIlaycMruHCamYydMNaMesdækic© kardaMedImeQIB½T§CMuvijdIdaMdMNaM
rUbPaB 2>23 kardaMedImeQIlaycMruHCamYydMNaM
C CedImeQI dMNaM edImeQI dMNaM
36
3¦ ksi-rukçkmμkñúgbrievNdIPUmi³ enACMuvijdIPUmi edImeQIEdldaMeqøaHKñaCamYynwgeQIhUbEpø tiNeTs rWdMNaM pþl;nUvsarFatusrIragÁCaeRcIn.
kMNt;sMKal;³ - edImeQIEdlmanlkçN³rMxan;dl;karlUtlas;énrukçCatiepSgminGacykmkeRbIsMrab;eFVIksi-rukçkmμ
)aneLIy
- ksi-rukçkmμCYyCMrujdl;;vdþénFnFanFm μCati.
eQIhUbEpø tiNeTs rW dMNaMedImeQI
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
37
2>10 karsagsg;RsHTwk
karsagsg;RsHCaFmμtaRtUv)aneFVIenAkEnøgmeRcaH rWenAcMNucEdlTwkhUrecjBIdIcMkar. karsg;RsHGacRtUveFVIedayCIkdI rWbegáItCaTMnb;dIkat;TTwgcg¥ÚrénkarhUreRcaHenaH. mat;RckénRsH eRcInRtUv)ansg;edayeRbIdMufμFM² rWcak;ebtug. vaGacTb;PaKl¥iténdI)any:agl¥ b:uEnþminGacTb;sar FatuciBa©wmEdlrlaykñúgTwk)aneLIy. rukçCatinanakñúgTwkGacRsUbyksarFatuciBa©wmTaMgenH.
2>10>1 smÖar³sMrab;sagsg;RsH
• ]bkrN_sMrab;CIkdI • fμ rW ebtug • varICatimYycMnYndUcCa RbePTkk; kMepøak nig BBYkckepSg²
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1¦ segát nigKUsvasBIlkçN³lMhUrénkarhUreRcaHelIdIksidæan
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38
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3¦ CIkdIenAkEnøgTwkhUrecj b¤sg;TMnb;dIkat;TTwgcg¥ÚrénkarhUreRcaHenaH
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4¦ eRbIvarICatiedIm,IRsUbyksarFatuciBa©wmEdlrlaykñúgTwk
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- Pk;EdlekInenAkñúg)atRsHKYrEtsþarecj
- RtUvRbmUlykvarICatibnÞab;BIvalUtlas;FMFat; . rukçCatiTaMgenaHykeTAeFVICaCIkMb:usþ×)any:agl¥.
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
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III. esckIþsnñidæan
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esovePAENnaMenH )anbegáIteLIgkñúgkmμviFIshRbtibtþikarGnþrCatieRkamkarshkarKñarvag GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigsaklviTüal½y. eyIg´sgwÇmy:agmutmaMfaesovePAenHnwgpþl;karelIkTwk citþdl;GñksRmbsRmYlrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al b¤saklviTüal½ynanakñúgkarBuHBarGPivDÆn_ksikmμ RbkbedaynirnþrPaBtary³karelIkkMBs;karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb .
40
Éksareyag
1) Abbott, J. C. and Markeham, J. P. 1990: Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics, 2nd edition, Longman, Essex, UK
2) Chihashi, S. and Xun, J. 2001: Studies on Phalaenopsis Growth and the Nutrient Absorption in Different Potting Materials, Department of Life Science, Aichi University of Education
3) Gerber, M. J. 1990: Principles of Agricultural Sustainability, http:// newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/features/1002/roland_lound/indext.shtml
4) Hasegawa, T. 1990: Biseibutunobunnruitodoutei (in Japanese), http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut
5) Information of charcoal making, http://www.planenergy.co.th/node/38
6) Information of making compost, http://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/taihiss /taihi/taihi.htm
7) Information of manure production, http://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/ taihiss /taihi/taihi.htm
8) Information of wood vinegar, http://plai.co.th/organic/pic/icon/agr_1. jpg
9) Jin, C. X. and Römkens, M. J. M. 2001: Experimental Studies of Factors in Determining Sediment Trapping in Vegetative Filter Strips, Transactions of ASAE, 44(2), pp.277-288
10) Kadota, M. et al. 2004: Effects of Charcoal with Pyrolineous Acid and Farmyard Manure on Bedding Plientia, Horticulture, 101, pp.327 -332
11) Mihara, M. and Fujimoto, A. 2007: Sustainable Agriculture with Organic Fertilizer, Institute of Environment Rehabilitation and Conservation, Tokyo, Japan
12) Mihara, M. 2001: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses due to Soil Erosion during a Typhoon, Japan, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 78(2), pp.209-216
13) Panyakul, W. and Sukjirattikan, J. 2003: Situation of Thai Organic Agriculture, World Organic Agriculture (in Thai), Earth Net Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 66
14) Pollution Control Department 2007: Chemical Pesticide, http://www. pcd.go.th/info_serv/haz_chemicals_use.html
karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan
41
15) Siriwattananon, L. and Mihara, M. 2008: Efficiency of Granular Compost in Reducing Soil and Nutrient Losses under Various Rainfall Intensities, Journal of Environmental Information Science, 36-5, pp.37-44
16) Takahashi, K., Hayashi, S., Nakamura, F., Tsuji, T., Tsuchiya, S. and Imaizumi, H. 2003: A Review on Buffer Width Required for Ecological Functions of Riparian Forests, Ecology and Civil Engineering, 5-2, pp.139-167
17) Treatment of Livestock Excrements. http://www.maff.go.jp/j/chikusan/ ankyo/taisakn/t_siryo/05_bosui/pdf/3_pamphlet22.pdf
18) Xinxi, Jiang. 2004. Wood Charcoal and Pyroligneous Liquor Technology, http//www.cn/dz/en/charcoal-tech.htm