Final Technical Report - ACP Fish IIacpfish2-eu.org/uploads/projects/id272/Botswana Dams_Final Report... · Final Technical Report Fish Stock Assessment in Major Dams in Botswana

"Strengthening Fisheries Management in ACP

Countries"

Project Funded by the European Union.

“This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this

publication are the sole responsibility of Prof Ian Cowx on behalf of Landell Mills and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.”

“The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the views of the concerned governments.”

Final Technical Report

Fish Stock Assessment in Major Dams in Botswana

Project ref. N° SA-3.2- B15

Region: Southern Africa Country: Botswana

November 2012

Assignment by:


Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by Landell Mills pg. 2


Project ref. N° SA-3.2- B15

Name of individual consultant Professor Ian Cowx

Contents amendment record

This report has been issued and amended as follows:

Revision Description Date Signed

1 First draft 3/11/2012

2 Report 22/11/2012

Designed and produced at Landell Mills Ltd

Task Management and quality assurance by Charlotte Howell-Jones

This report has been prepared with the financial support of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Landell Mills and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of

the European Union.



Contents

LIST OF ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................ 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 5

1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 7

2. COMMENTS ON TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................ 8

3. APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT (METHODOLOGY) ........................................................ 9

4. SET UP AND MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL TEAM ......................................................... 10

5. ORGANISATION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 11

6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 15

7. TECHNICAL OUTPUTS .............................................................................................................. 16

ANNEX 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE .................................................................................................. 17

ANNEX 2. ITINERARY, INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED ............................. 28

ANNEX 3. INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT .................................................................................... 30

ANNEX 4. LIST OF REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS CONSULTED ................................................ 31

ANNEX 5. GUIDELINES FOR FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT IN MAJOR DAMS ............... 33

ANNEX 6. FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGEMENT OF LARGE DAMS IN BOTSWANA ............... 34

ANNEX 7. PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................................. 35

ANNEX 8. DATA COLLECTED ......................................................................................................... 36

ANNEX 9. PHOTOS ............................................................................................................................. 43



List of acronyms

ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

ADSB Aquaculture for Development Strategy for Botswana

ALCOM Local Community Development Programme

CBNRM Community Based Natural Resources Management

CEDA Citizen Enterprise Development Agency

BDOT Botswana Department of Tourism

DWNP Department of Wildlife and National Parks

FAO United Nation Food and Agriculture Organisation

FD Fisheries Division

FMPOD Fisheries Management Plan of the Okavango Delta

NDP9 National Development Programme 9

SADC Southern African Development Community

ToR Terms of Reference

TNA Training Needs Assessment

VDC Village Development Committee and Dam Committee

WUC Water Utilities Corporation

Acknowledgements

The consultants wish to thank the numerous members of the Fisheries Division of the Department for

Wildlife and National Parks, especially Balisana Marotsi, Choto Choto, Montshwari Molefe and

Thethela Bokhutlo. We would also like to thank all the various stakeholders consulted for providing

valuable insights and data, and the fishers for helping understand the problems they face.



Executive summary

The fisheries sector in Botswana is composed of mainly inland fisheries. The majority of the national

fish production is from the Okavango aquatic system but demand for fish exceeds supply, especially in

urban centres. Therefore other fishing and fisheries opportunities need to be developed to relieve the

current pressure on the existing fisheries whilst creating employment, generating income and also

providing a diverse, good quality diet for the rural communities and the population in general. One

possible opportunity is to exploit the fish stocks in dams and reservoirs, but their fishing potential is

not yet properly known. To explore this opportunity Botswana, requested funding under the ACP Fish

II Project “Strengthening Fisheries management in ACP Countries” to support activities aimed at

setting up a monitoring system to carry out stock assessment in the major dams in the country and to

provide training to local concerned staff of the Fisheries Division (FD) of the Department for Wildlife

and National Parks (DWNP). The British company Landell Mills Development Consultants was

contracted to undertake consultancy activities to produce the following as deliverables to the Fisheries

Division in Botswana.

Devising a preliminary study on the presence and abundance of the fish stocks in the major

dams (Gaborone, Shashe, Letsibogo, Bokaa, Nywane)

Preparing guidelines for the development of a fish stock assessment and monitoring

methodology.

This document provides an overview of the approach to the assignment, the consultation process and

framework for developing the stock assessment guidelines, and an outline fisheries management

framework for the large dams in Botswana.

The approach to the assignment was broken down into four phases. These comprised collation and

review of available information (Phase 1), consultations, participatory analysis and field visits to the

major dams, preparation of the stock assessment guidelines and training of fisheries staff in stock

assessment methodologies (Phase 2); field testing of proposed stock assessment protocols (Phase 3);

and training in data analysis and interpretation revision of guidelines and drafting of a management

framework for the large dams.

During the preparation of the stock assessment guidelines, consultations were carried out with the FD,

external agencies that have potential impact on the fisheries, key communities and stakeholders. In

addition considerable training was provided to FD staff in fisheries stock assessment and population

ecology. The guidelines were field tested on Letsibogo, Shashe, Ntimbale and Dikgatlhong reservoirs

and data collected were analysed as part of the later training on data analysis and interpretation. The

outcomes were used to revise the stock assessment guidelines. The information was used to generate a

management framework for the major dams in Botswana, but also included the community dams,

which were seen to have considerable potential for fisheries production.

The Fisheries guidelines and management framework were validated at a workshop with FD and

stakeholders, and comments from the consultations were fed back into the final documents.

Several conclusions and recommendations were forthcoming for the project:

Little is known about the fisheries and environmental characteristics of the major dams in

Botswana or the community dams. It is recommended the FD engage with WUC to promote

integrated management of the reservoirs for multiple use, rather than trying to develop the

fisheries in isolation.



The Fisheries Sector is under resourced and the knowledge base in the division is limited.

There is a need for a comprehensive review of the role of fisheries in provision of food

security and rural livelihoods as well as continuous FD staff development to enhance skills

and capacity to work from a wider environmental perspective.

The major dams are unlikely to fulfil a major role in terms of fish production to supply urban

areas in Botswana but there is a need to explore their potential in supporting local needs and

tourism in terms of recreational fisheries. It is possible recreational fishing may contribute

considerably more in terms of economic development and sustainable livelihoods.

The current project was targeted at the major dams, but the presence of multiple local

community dams and their likelihood to support local fisheries production and livelihoods was

recognised. It is recommended these are included in the fishery assessment and development

programme.

The fish hatchery at Mmadinare represents a major asset but is largely under-utilised. It is

recommended that the hatchery is rehabilitated to support socking of the community dams,

development of materials for stocking the major dams as appropriate and to act as a

demonstration unit for fish farming in the country.

Staff of the FD were given continuous training (both formal and through field visits) throughout the

project on stock assessment methodologies, fish ecology and data analysis and interpretation that can

be used to improve stock assessment in the major dams but also other large fisheries in Botswana.



1. Background

The fisheries sector in Botswana, with no proximity to the oceans, is composed of inland fisheries and

aquaculture. While the contribution of the fisheries sector to the national economy is insignificant

(0.002% of GDP), the sector is certainly an important provider of income, employment and food

security in some rural areas. The majority of the national fish production (averaged about 238t) is from

the Okavango aquatic system where conflict between commercial fishers and recreational fishing

promoters is a real concern. Therefore other fishing and fisheries opportunities need to be developed to

relieve the current pressure on the existing fisheries whilst creating employment, generating income

and also providing a diverse, good quality diet for the rural communities and the population in general.

One possible opportunity is to exploit the fish stocks in dams and reservoirs, but their fishing potential

are not yet properly known. In the 1980s and 1990s an initiative was undertaken through the

Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme (ALCOM) led by the Food and

Agriculture Organization (FAO) to conduct preliminary surveys for assessing the potential for

developing fisheries in small water bodies in the southern part of Botswana. However, the

methodologies were unsustainable since there was no appropriate involvement of local communities

and not much was done with regard to capacity building. Botswana therefore aimed to develop the

fisheries in the major dams of the country, through funding from the ACP Fish II Project

“Strengthening Fisheries management in ACP Countries” from the European Union, to support

activities aimed at setting up a monitoring system to carry out stock assessment in the major dams in

the country and to provide training to local concerned staff of the Fisheries Division (FD) of the

Department for Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP). The British company Landell Mills

Development Consultants was contracted to undertake consultancy activities to produce the following

as deliverables to the Fisheries Division in Botswana.

Purpose To assist the FD of the DWNP in undertaking a fish stock assessment in the selected dams in

order to determine the status of fish stocks

To strengthen FD capacity for continued monitoring to ensure sustainable utilisation of

resources.

Expected outputs Devising a preliminary study on the presence and abundance of the fish stocks in the major

dams (Gaborone, Shashe, Letsibogo, Bokaa, Nywane)

Preparing guidelines for development of fish stock assessment/monitoring methodology are

prepared.



2. Comments on Terms of Reference

Current fisheries in Botswana are limited to a few natural systems and four main, but relatively small,

dams. The dams are considered to be underexploited and opportunities to increase yield are likely.

However, care must be taken in such presumptions until the full market chain is understood. This

includes exploitation by subsistence fishers for their own consumption as well as distribution through

informal markets. These must form part of the assessment criteria before formulating policy to

increase exploitation pressure.

Previous attempts to develop methodologies for stock assessment in the reservoirs have proven

unsustainable since there was no appropriate involvement of local communities, and little was done on

capacity building both within the communities and in FD and national institutions. These particular

elements will be addressed by identifying training needs at various levels and providing guidance to

address the shortcomings.

The project is orientated towards the five major dams in Botswana yet there are numerous (>300)

community dams. These are used for local fish production but are important resources that appear to

have been overlooked. Although it will not be possible to include these in the proposed field

assessments, it is recommended mechanisms to assess their production potential are included in the

strategy and thus were also visited to get an understanding of the way they function.

No exit strategy is given within the project, such as the use of the information on stock status when

known. This was addressed by providing guidance on the potential management direction for the

dams.



3. Approach to the assignment (methodology)

The project was broken down into a series of activities that form the framework of this report. These

comprise a collation and review of available information, consultations, participatory analysis, training

of FD staff in stock assessment, development of guidelines for monitoring the fish stocks in the major

dams and community dams and draft of a framework for management of the dams.

The activities (report) address the following main elements:

The status and characteristics of the dam fisheries, including and possible temporal trends in the

fisheries exploitation patterns, gear characteristics, demographic characteristics of the fishing

communities and externalities impacting on fisheries

The location of fisheries with respect to sectoral, regional and national development plans and

evaluation of laws and regulations relevant to the fishery

Consultations with the FD, external agencies which have potential impact on the fisheries, key

communities and stakeholders to ensure their participation in development of the management

process. These include, but are not exclusive to: DWNP, FD, WUC, Department for Water

Affairs, Department of Tourism, Okavango Research Institute; FAO; fishing communities

Issues to be addressed, including indentifying main potential and constraints relevant to the

development of the dams for fisheries purposes

Guidelines for monitoring and assessing the status of the fish stocks in the major dams and

community dams

Field testing the guidelines on dams and analysis of provisional data in conjunction with FD staff

to build capacity

Training programme to meet the needs of FD personnel.

The general strategy for approaching the stock assessment of the major dams is outlined in Figure 1.

This strategy encompasses the various actions required to carry out stock assessment on the dams and

areas that will be targeted during the training elements of the project. It should be noted that a needs

assessment identified each of these areas as gaps in skills, and training was subsequently undertaken to

fulfil these needs.

This strategy specifically did not just deal with the technical issues of stock assessment and its

effectiveness or limitations, but worked within a regional policy framework and attempted to target

approaches that address poverty and livelihoods issues.



General policy decisions

Data collection objectives

Fishery indicators

Data variables

Data collection methods

Analytical

methods

Logistics and

resources

Validation of data

collection programme

Strategy for estimating

variables

Data management

Storage and processing

WHY

Planning and

implementation

System appraisal

and Feedback

WHAT

HOW

Figure 1. Framework for undertaking a stock assessment on major dams in Botswana

4. Set up and members of the Technical Team

Landell Mills executed the study through the services of one expert who had served as technical

consultant on many fisheries-related missions:

Key expert: Inland fisheries management expert – Prof Ian Cowx

The project implementation was backstopped from the Landell Mills Ltd headquarters in the UK, by

Charlotte Howell-Jones, the project manager.

The team worked in close collaboration with members of the FD as follows:

Balisana Marotsi Chief Wildlife Officer

Thethela Bokhutlo Wildlife Officer I (local coordinator)

Supi Khuting Wildlife Officer I

Montshwari Molefe Wildlife Officer II

Choto Choto Wildlife Officer II

Modiegi Bakahe Wildlife Officer II

Segolame Gagoitsiwe Game scout

Swaratlhe Setshwane Game Scout

Kesego Kutoro Chief Technical Assistant



5. Organisation and methodology

5a) Delivery of Terms of Reference

TERMS OF REFERENCE DELIVERY

1 Meet and work closely with the local coordinator

and FD staff

Continuous consultation and support was had with the

local coordinator Thethela Bokhutlo and staff of FD.

2 In consultation with FD, establish a project

technical team and work plan

Consultation was held with FD at an early stage

through a start-up meeting attended by 9 persons (see

above) and the project team and work plan were

established.

3 Collect all relevant background and scientific

documents available

Technical documents were collected through

consultation with various stakeholders and institutions

4 Identify, collate and evaluate current information

of the fisheries of the major dams and identify gaps

Information was collected where possible through

direct consultation with FD staff and stakeholders.

Provision analysis was carried out in Phase 2 and to set

up the sampling programme for Phase 3.

5 Field visits to the relevant sites and sampling

activities as appropriate

Field visits were made to all the major dams a

proposed and several other new large dams and well as

a community dam – see itinerary for Phase 2.

6 Review of the study according to the outcome of

the discussions and finalize the final version

Detailed analysis of the fisheries was made an and

reported in the final report – this was used to formulate

the stock assessment guidelines for testing during

Phase 3.

7 Devising guidelines for development of fish stock

assessment and monitoring methodology

Guidelines were adapted following consultation with

FD staff after trails in Phase 3.

A draft exit strategy document with guidance on

options for future actions for fisheries on the major

dams was also prepared and submitted.

8 Present the final version of the draft of guidelines

in a national validation workshop (1 day, max. 15

participants)

Final version of guidelines, sampling protocol, status

of the fisheries and actions for future development

(Annexes 5 & 6) were presented at workshop attended

by 16 participants (Annex 2) in Maun Lodge 31

October 2012. Presentation provided in Annex 7.

9 Conduct training activities to strengthen the

capacity of the FD staff in fishery assessment

techniques and tools

Considerable training was carried out during both

Phase 2 and 4 of the project. During phase 2, 14 FD

staff were trained in stock assessment methodologies,

and fisheries population ecology. During Phase 4, 11

FD staff were trained in data analysis and interpretation

using data generated from the dam surveys in Phase 3.

10 Communication and visibility A press release was prepared and disseminated to

national newspapers and through the NWNP

communications division. Tee shirts, and flyers were

prepared and distributed at and before the workshop,

and a banner was prepared that was exhibited at the

workshop and will be display in the fisheries offices in

Gaborone.



5b) Conduct and details of the assignment

The project implementation was broken down into four phases as follows:

Phase I: Preparation phase Conducting a literature review to understand better the structure and functioning of fisheries and

aquaculture in Botswana. Preparation of training materials for stock assessment, especially to target

reservoir fisheries.

Phase II: Study mission I Briefing with the Regional Facilitation Unit for Southern Africa and the Fisheries Division

Document / data review and planning

Stakeholder / field visits and capacity development

• Training needs assessment of FD staff and local stakeholders

• Visit target reservoirs to understand functioning of fisheries, catch methods, species

caught, post-harvest activities, marketing chains, role of stocking, capacity and

responsibilities of local communities

• Preliminary training in stock assessment methodologies and identification of an optimal

strategy for catch assessment for target reservoirs, specifically engaging local stakeholders

Study development and reporting

• Draft inception report

• Elaboration of a preliminary study on the presence and abundance of the resources in the

target reservoirs in collaboration with the FA

• Preparation of preliminary guidelines for assessment of the status of the fish stocks in the

main reservoirs.

Phase III: Field testing Field testing of proposed methodology – carried out in September and October 2012 in

Letsibogo, Ntimbale, Shashe and Dikgatlhong. Surveys were not possible on Bokaa because it

was almost dry or on Gaborone because of drowning incident prevented access.

Phase IV: Study mission II: Training and validation Review of field trials – issues, limitations

Training in data handling and analysis, including provisional assessment of fishery status

based on the field trial

Revision of guidelines on stock assessment methodology and training of key persons

Preparation of materials for the workshop, including exit strategy for options to manage the

reservoirs.



The work plan for phase II - study mission I was as follows:

DATE LOCATION ACTIVITY OBJECTIVE STATUS 18/06/12 Gaborone Introduction and preliminary meeting Introductions Completed

19/06/12 Gaborone Meeting with fisheries staff and

briefing each other on fish stock

assessment (the needs and expectation

from FD staff) and manipulation of the

programme

Briefing discussion

about issues and

conflicts of the fishery

sector

Completed

20/06/12 Gaborone Reading of fish stock assessment

documentation and familiarization of

the activities that have been carried out.

Tour Gaborone dam and Bokaa dam

and interact with the stakeholders in

relation to fishing activity.

Familiarization of

status and issues

Consultation with

stakeholders and

understanding

functioning and

management of target

reservoirs

Completed

21/06/12 Gaborone Theory session on fish stock

assessment

Capacity building Completed

22/06/12 Gaborone Continuation of theory session on fish

stock assessment


23/06/12 Gaborone Preparation of inception report and

drafting sections on fisheries status and

guidelines

Inception report Completed

25/06/12 Letsibogo dam Depart to Letsibogo dam and set the

net (overnight setting). Tour Dikabeya

community dam on the way to

Letsibogo dam

Capacity building and

consultation with

stakeholders and

understanding

functioning and

management of the

reservoir

Completed

26/06/12 Letsibogo dam Retrieve set nets from Letsibogo dam

and perform a practical session on data

collection and laboratory diagnosis as

part of fish stock assessment. Meet

with the stakeholders in the afternoon

to get more information


27/06/12 Field/

Francistown

Tour Dikgatlhong dam in the morning

and meet with the possible

stakeholders. Depart to Francistown in

the afternoon and tour Shashe dam.

Meet with the stakeholders in Shashe

dam

Consultation with

stakeholders and

understanding

functioning and

management of the

reservoir

Completed

28/06/12 Field

/Francistown

Tour the Jacklas No.2 community dam

in the morning and meet with the

stakeholders. Tour Ntimbale dam in the

afternoon and meet with the

stakeholders.

Consultation with

stakeholders and

understanding

functioning and

management of the

reservoir

Completed

29/06/12 Field/

Francistown

. Depart to Gaborone Travel Completed

30/06/12 Gaborone Analysis of data from field visits Completed

02/07/12 Gaborone Further drafting sections on fisheries

status and guidelines

Note holiday in

Botswana

Completed

03/07/12 Gaborone Further training and discussion on fish

stock assessment and findings from the

field with FD staff


04/07/12 Gaborone Further training and discussion on fish Capacity building Completed



stock assessment and findings from the

field with FD staff

05/07/12 Gaborone Preparation of interim report and

debriefing report


06/07/12 Gaborone FD Debriefing depart to UK and end of

phase I on fish stock assessment

Obtain feedback from

fisheries staff

Completed

07/07/12 Consultant departs Botswana

Plan for phase IV - study mission 2- was as follows.

DATE LOCATION ACTIVITY OBJECTIVE Status 22 Oct Travel to Botswana

23 Oct Maun pm - Meeting with fisheries staff and

briefing on fish stock assessment field

work

Briefing discussion

about fishery

assessment

Completed

24 Oct Maun Training in data analysis using data

collected


data analysis

Completed

25 Oct Maun Training in data analysis using data

collected


data analysis

Completed

26 Oct Maun Training in preparation of fisheries

management plans


data analysis

Completed

27 Oct Maun Visit Ngami fishing community Capacity building Completed

28 Oct Maun Drafting sections on fisheries status of

dams and revision of guidelines

Drafting FTR Completed

29 Oct Maun Preparation of material for stakeholder

workshop

Preparation for

workshop

Completed

30 Oct Maun Preparation of material for stakeholder

workshop

Preparation for

workshop

Completed

31 0ct Maun Stakeholder workshop Workshop Completed

1 Nov Maun FD Debriefing. Revision of dam

assessment strategy and management

plans

Drafting of FTR Completed

2 Nov Maun Revision of dam assessment strategy

and management plans. Depart to UK

(end of phase IV)

Obtain feedback from

fisheries staff

Completed



6. Conclusions and recommendations

Little is known about the fisheries and environmental characteristics of the major dams in

Botswana or the community dams. It is recommended the FD engage with WUC to promote

integrated management of the reservoirs for multiple use, rather than trying to develop the

fisheries in isolation.

Preliminary assessment suggests that the Fisheries Sector is under resourced and the

knowledge base is limited. There is a need for a comprehensive review of the role of fisheries

in provision of food security and rural livelihoods as well as a full training needs assessment.

Note this was not part of this programme, but a preliminary training needs assessment was

carried out and report in the interim technical report.

The FD has a dedicated and enthusiastic staff to carry out stock assessment monitoring and

reporting, but they require a continuous staff development programme to enhance their skills

and capacity to work from a wider environmental perspective. Opportunities for upgrading the

academic skills of the staff should be urgently sought (This is catered for under the training

plan for both short courses and long term training.

The major dams are unlikely to fulfil a major role in terms of fish production to supply urban

areas in Botswana and it is recommended that the outcomes of the assessment are examined

relative to their potential role in supporting local needs and tourism in terms of recreational

fisheries. It is possible recreational fishing may contribute considerably more in terms of

economic development and sustainable livelihoods.

The current project was targeted at the major dams, but the presence of multiple local

community dams and their likelihood to support local fisheries production and livelihoods was

recognised. It is recommended these are included in the fishery assessment and development

programme.

The fish hatchery at Mmadinare represents a major asset but is largely under-utilised. It is

recommended that the hatchery is rehabilitated to support socking of the community dams,

development of materials for stocking the major dams as appropriate and to act as a

demonstration unit for fish farming in the country. It is not felt the hatchery provides a viable

unit for aquaculture production per se as there is no major market for the product and the cost

of feed would compromise the profitability of the unit.

There is a distinct need to provide support in the utilization of the stock assessment data

collected from the dams towards preparation of management plans – this is included in the

deliverables of the project in terms of training and preliminary preparation of a framework for

the major dams and community dams.

Fisheries data storage is a major issue in the region. Data are not transferred to electronic

media immediately they are collected and where it is done so, the data are stored on individual

laptops or desk top computers or data pens. It is not centrally stored. There is a high risk of

losing valuable data because viruses are common on data pens and computers and there is

already evidence of corruption of files. A protocol should be put into place to ensure all data

(fisheries statistics and research data) are regularly compiled (monthly) on the newly

implemented Integrated wildlife Management database system.



7. Technical outputs

Final Technical Report

Guidelines for stock assessment on dams including Practical Methods in Fisheries Science

Technical Manual. (Annexes 5 and 7)

Review of current status of fisheries in major dams and Fisheries Management Framework for

fish Stock Assessment in Major Dams in Botswana (Annex 6).



Annex 1. Terms of Reference

Terms of Reference for

Fish Stock Assessment in major dams in Botswana

(Programme Activity No. 3.2 )

1. Background information

1.1 Beneficiary country

The direct beneficiary country for the implementation of this contract is Botswana.

1.2 Contracting Authority

ACP FISH II Coordination Unit

36/21 Av. de Tervuren

5th Floor

Brussels 1040, Belgium

Tel.: +32 (0)2.7390060

Fax: +32 (0)2.7390068

1.3 Relevant country background

Botswana is a landlocked country which extends for 581,730 km2 bordering with South Africa,

Zimbabwe, Zambia and Namibia, with a population of 1.9 million people. Botswana is a middle-

income country, among those with the highest gross national income at purchasing power parity in

Africa (US$ 13, 604 per capita in 2007). Its economy is prosperous and dominated by the mining

industries which provide about 40% of all government revenues and accounts for more than one-third

of GDP.

Botswana is a success story in Africa. Its government is praised for having achieved good governance,

through a decentralization process that has resulted in the empowerment of local authorities. The

country has a National Strategy for Poverty Reduction with the main aim to provide people with

opportunities to have a sustainable livelihood through the creation of permanent productive jobs or

facilitating self employment. Programmes to be pursued to achieve sustainable livelihoods are: small

scale horticulture development; creating employment through rain fed crop production; increasing

small stock production; strengthening the Community Based Natural Resources Management

Programme; creating employment opportunities in the tourism industry; and building capacity for

small and medium businesses for national citizens. The strategy also seeks to provide safety nets for

those who will not be able to take advantage of the aforementioned opportunities and also to address

risks and vulnerabilities affecting the people. Statistics show that poverty has reduced significantly in

the last 15 years.

1.4 Current state of affairs in the relevant sector

Fisheries sector in Botswana is composed of inland fisheries and aquaculture. While the contribution

of the fisheries sector to the national economy is insignificant (0.002% of GDP), the sector is certainly



an important provider of income, employment and food security in some rural areas. Indeed

commercial fishing is the main source of revenue for the local fishing communities and the

subsistence fishery is very important for population who live on the fringes of the Okavango Delta and

the Chobe river systems, in the northwest part of the country. Botswana's national fish production has

averaged 190 tons over the past six years, with more than 70% being landed from natural and man-

made water bodies.

In the northwest, the Okavango Delta constitutes the main fishery (approximately 80 per cent of the

national fish catches). The area is extremely variable in size depending on seasonal flooding and can

reach about 25, 000 km2, with a perennial area limited to 10, 000 km2. Even though the potential

annual fish yield is estimated at between 5 000 and 8 000 tons, it is largely unexploited and catches

are estimated as largely below . The main exploited species in the Delta are the Tilapia, and fishing

activities are mostly artisanal done using canoes made out of wood (mokoros) or fibreglass. The

second-largest waterway is the Chobe river system in the northern area of Botswana, where even if the

most productive fishing grounds of the area dried out several years ago, substantial hook and line

fishing is going on catching mostly tiger-fish and the large sized tilapia. Other areas with fishery

potential are four major dams in south-eastern Botswana: Gaborone, Shashe, Bokaa and Letsibogo,

where bream species are harvested. Aquaculture development in Botswana is still at an infantile stage

but has considerable potential for the development and is a key sector to create jobs and ensure food

security.

The annual national fish import bill is currently around US$ 2.38 million, reflecting a total quantity of

2,800 tons of fish sourced from outside the country. The disparity between the national fish yield and

the quantity imported poses a real challenge in meeting the domestic fish demand.

The fisheries management is under the mandate of the Department of Wildlife and National Parks

(DWNP) of the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism. The DWNP mission is to conserve

the fish and wildlife of Botswana in consultation with local, regional and international stakeholders

and to promote and facilitate sustainable utilization of fish and wildlife resources through active

participation of citizens. The department has the following division: a) Research and Statistics, b)

Fisheries, c) wildlife Estate Management, d) Community Support and Outreach, e) Administration.

There is an unbalanced allocation of financial and human resources for fisheries due to the placement

of the sector in the bottom of the hierarchy of priorities.

A fisheries policy is being currently formulated (June 2010) within the wider Wildlife Policy by

Department of Wildlife and National Parks and is expected to be finalized soon. The policy is

currently waiting for the approval of the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism. The

Fisheries Division (FD) of the DWNP has recently developed the Aquaculture Development Strategy

for Botswana and some outlines for the Fisheries Management Plan of the Okavango Delta with the

support of ACP FISH II. The fisheries management legislation includes the Fish Protection Act of

1975 which seeks to ensure management, conservation and sustainable utilization of fish resources (is

currently under review) and the Fish Protection Regulations of May 2008.

1.5 Related programmes and other donor activities

In Botswana there are no donor-funded ongoing and/or in pipeline projects directly related to the

concerned sector. However some projects operational on Okavango Delta have impact on fishing

activities and may be relevant for the conduct of the assignment. In particular:

The BIOKAVANGO Project, which is phasing out, funded by the Global Environment

Facility (GEF) and the Government of Botswana, and implemented by the Harry Oppenheimer

Okavango Research Centre (HOORC) in Maun, aims at biodiversity conservation into the

activities of three production sectors: water, tourism and fisheries, all dependent on ecological

services and goods provided by the Okavango wetland system.



The Southern Africa Regional Environmental Program (SAREP), funded by USAID. The

programme in partnership with OKACOM, SADC and other agencies, provides assistance to

improve regional cooperation in management of shared river basins with the goals to conserve

and protect biological diversity and improve access to water supply and sanitation. SAREP

will be implemented and funded under a framework USAID-SADC Agreement. The program

began in June 2010 and has a duration of 5 years.

Furthermore the European Union through the 8th Economic Diversification of the Mining Sector

(EDMS) Programme for Botswana recently funded the Environmental study to establish the baseline

the biological and physical conditions of the Letsibogo Dam near Selebi Phikwe. The study produced

some relevant information pertaining to the state of the fisheries management of existing and new still

standing lentic reservoirs or dams in the Limpopo River catchment in Botswana, including a concept

document to facilitate with the development of a fisheries management plan for this fishery.

In conducting the assignment, the consultant is expected to liaise with the mentioned programmes

and/or institutions when appropriate in order to gather relevant information and to ensure cooperation

with the projects/programmes and to avoid overlapping of activities.

2. OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE AND EXPECTED RESULTS

2.1 Overall objective

The overall objective of the ACP Fish II Programme is to contribute to the sustainable and equitable

management of fisheries in ACP regions, thus leading to poverty alleviation and improving food

security in ACP States.

2.2 Purpose

The purposes of this contract are:

To assist the FD of the DWNP in undertaking a fish stock assessment in the selected dams in

order to determine the status of fish stocks; and

To strengthen FD capacity for continued monitoring to ensure sustainable utilization of the

resources.

2.3 Results to be achieved by the Consultant

The Consultant will achieve the following results as part of this assignment:

A preliminary study on the presence and abundance of the fish stocks in the major dams is

devised;

Guidelines for development of fish stock assessment/monitoring methodology are prepared.

3. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS

3.1 Assumptions underlying project intervention

The need for the assessment of fisheries resources in the country has been clearly identified as priority

since the first need assessment workshop for Southern African Countries held in Maputo during

November 2009. Following consultation with Fisheries Administration (FA) designated Focal Point

(FP) and the outcome of the Workshop for Presentation and Discussion of the Regional Action Plan,

held in Maputo at the end of August 2010, confirmed that need. The assumption is that the beneficiary

state and stakeholders are well aware of the intervention and prepared to allocate official hours to its

implementation.



.

3.2 Risk

Since ACP FISH II is a demand-driven Programme, it is expected that counterpart institutions take all

the necessary measures to ensure the fulfilment of their obligations and responsibilities as set forth

under this project. Failure to meet that requirement is likely to result in the project not achieving the

expected results.

Risks for implementation of this contract are minimised, since the intervention has been indentified in

cooperation with the FA and endorsed by them. However a sudden change in the political will of the

FA and/or Government might negatively affect the assignment implementation. To prevent such a risk

the participatory planning approach adopted in the development of this intervention will continue

throughout the implementation of the assignment, to ensure the full ownership by local stakeholders

and the development of activities and methodology that are consistent with the FAs approaches.

4. SCOPE OF THE WORK

4.1 General

4.1.1 Project description

As most land locked countries, Botswana has limited water body resources which are able to provide

substantial fishing potential. Fishing activities are currently restricted to the Okavango delta and the

Chobe River systems in the northern part of the country. Productivity of these water bodies is low and

most of the fish available in these systems is consumed locally, thus forcing the rest of the country to

meet fish demand by resorting to massive fish imports. The lack of alternative fishing grounds has

subsequently led to the concentration of fishing effort in the two above mentioned water bodies and to

overexploitation of fish resources, with a negative impact on the environment and biodiversity.

Therefore other fishing and fisheries opportunities should be developed in order to relieve the current

pressure from the existing and known fisheries whilst creating employment, generating income and

also providing diversified and quality diet to rural communities and the population in general. Under

this framework the GoB has established a fish hatchery facility with the capacity to produce 500 000

mixed Tilapia and Catfish fingerlings, for stocking of dams/reservoirs and supply to prospective fish

farmers.

The fish stocks in dams and reservoirs and their fishing potential are not yet properly known. In the

past (80’s and 90’s) an initiative was undertaken through the Aquaculture for Local Community

Development Programme (ALCOM) led by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to conduct

preliminary surveys for assessing the potential for developing fisheries in small water bodies in the

southern part of Botswana. However, the used methodologies were proven unsustainable since there

was no appropriate involvement of local communities and not much was done on capacity building.

The government is currently planning to support fish stock assessment in the dams through the

hatchery facility in cases where stocking is required. Notwithstanding the structure is currently poorly

maintained and operating below capacity and there is a need to strengthen the limited knowledge of

the personnel.

The project will mobilise an Inland Fisheries Scientist to provide Technical Assistance to the FA for

carrying out a stock assessment in the major dams in the country and to set up a monitoring system.

The proposed methodology should involve training on the job to local concerned staff of the

FA/research institutes. All the project activities will be carried out in strict coordination and

collaboration with the staff of the FD as to guarantee the full ownership the project by the beneficiary

and its sustainability. The final result of the assignment will be presented in a workshop to relevant

stakeholders.



The Consultant must give a full recognition of EC funding, ACP Secretariat’s involvement and

visibility to the ACP Fish II Programme, in all the activities implemented during the project.

In coordination with ACP FISH II Regional Facilitation Unit (RFU) for Southern Africa (SA) and the

FD the Consultant is expected to liaise with the concerned staff of the EU delegation to Botswana

during project implementation.

4.1.2 Geographic area to be covered

Country covered by the present contract is Botswana. The assignment will involve all the national

territory and specific visits to the major dams will be carried out, according to the approved work plan.

4.1.3 Target groups

Target groups of the present consultancy include fisheries administration and concerned government

and research agencies. By strengthening the management capacity of the aforementioned institutions

the intervention will indirectly benefit the whole fishing industry (producers, processors, and traders)

and the local communities.

4.2 Specific activities

4.2.1 Specific activities

The Consultant will undertake the following activities:

i. Inception activities and document analysis

a. Briefing by the Regional Facilitation Unit (RFU) for Southern Africa (SA) and the FD

and establishment of a project Technical Team (TT) with appointed representatives of

the FD to follow up project implementation;

b. Discuss project objectives and agree with the TT/FD and RFU on the methodology as to

devise a work plan for the assignment;

c. Collect all relevant background and scientific documents available and contact other

relevant research intuitions operating in the region;

ii. Field visits to the relevant sites and sampling activities as appropriate;

iii. In cooperation with the TT, elaboration of a preliminary study on the presence and abundance

of the resources in the area to be discussed with the FA and relevant research institution;

iv. Review of the study according to the outcome of the discussions and finalize the final version;

v. Devising guidelines for development of fish stock assessment and monitoring methodology ;

and

vi. Organise and conduct of a workshop to present the key outcome of the assignment to the FD

and other relevant stakeholders. .

The consultant is in charge of the workshop’s organisation and logistics (subcontracting for

workshop organisation is allowed). The indicative number of participants is 15. The duration

of the workshop is 1 day.

Communication and project visibility

a) ACP FISH II projects should follow the EU requirements and guidelines for communication

and visibility available on the Programme website at http://acpfish2-

eu.org/index.php?page=templates&hl=en. The CU will provide ACP FISH II templates for

various communication products.

http://acpfish2-eu.org/index.php?page=templates&hl=en




b) When validation/final presentation workshops are needed, given their importance for

disseminating the results of the Project and ACP FISH II Programme the following activities

will be requested:

1) The Consultant will provide all necessary information in press-release style

(“information note”) on the project objectives and results, the activities to undertake,

the main axes or strategic goals proposed and the future role of the beneficiaries.

2) The Fisheries Administration will receive the information note at least 3 days before

the workshop, through their Government communication/press bodies or officials, in

order to mobilise local media and to assure full coverage of the event. Financial

support to media coverage is included in the “Incidental Expenditure”. Receipt(s) of

the incurred cost for media coverage will be required to verify the costs incurred.

c) The consultant will provide to ACP FISH II photographic record of the project activities

4.2.3 Technical reporting

The Consultant is required to prepare the following reports in English

i. An Inception Report (IR) no later than 10 days after the first Expert arriving in the place of

posting for the first time. This report, of a maximum of 10 pages, will be submitted to the

Fisheries Administrations/Regional Fisheries Bodies, RFU and CU. Comments, if any, on the

IR must be provided by the fisheries administrations or regional fisheries bodies, RFU and CU

within 5 days from receipt.

ii. A draft FTR will be submitted before the Team Leader leaves the country on conclusion of the

assignment. Comments on the draft FTR, if any, must be provided by the RFU, CU and the

Fisheries Administrations/Regional Fisheries Bodies within 14 days. The Final Technical

Report (FTR), taking into account such changes and comments will be submitted no later than

10 days from receiving comments on the draft FTR. If no comments on the report are given

within the time limit of 14 days, the draft FTR shall be deemed to have been approved. FTR

incorporating new comments from RFU, CU and the FA shall be deemed to have been approved

after 5 days from submission if no further comments are done.

The formats of technical reports are available on the ACP FISH II web site at http://acpfish2-

eu.org/index.php?page=templates&hl=en.

4.3 Project management

4.3.1 Responsible body

The Coordination Unit (CU) of the ACP Fish II Programme, based in Brussels, on behalf of the ACP

Secretariat is responsible for managing the implementation of this assignment.

4.3.2 Management structure

The ACP Fish II Programme is implemented through the CU in Brussels and six Regional Facilitation

Units (RFUs) across the ACP States. The RFU in Maputo, Mozambique covering ACP Member States

in Southern Africa Region will closely supervise the implementation of this intervention and equally

monitor its execution pursuant to these Terms of Reference. For the purposes of this assignment, the

ACP Fish II Programme Coordinator will act as the Project Manager.





All contractual communications including requests for contract modifications or changes to the Terms

of Reference during the execution period of the contract must be addressed with a formal request to

the CU and copied to the RFU. Beneficiaries’ support for these changes is required.

4.3.3 Facilities to be provided by the Contracting Authority and/or other parties

Not applicable.

5. LOGISTICS AND TIMING

5.1 Location

The place of posting will be Gaborone, Botswana. Field visits in the country will be carried out

according to the approved timeline and workplan presented by the Consultant.

5.2 Commencement date and period of implementation

The intended commencement date of this assignment is May, 2nd

2012 and the period of

implementation of the contract will be 6 months from this date. Please refer to Articles 4 and 5 of the

Special Conditions for the actual commencement date and period of implementation.

6. REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Personnel

6.1.1 Key experts

All experts who have a crucial role in implementing this assignment are referred to as key experts.

Their profiles are described as follows:

Key expert 1: Inland Fisheries Scientist

Qualifications and skills

A university degree or equivalent in a relevant subject area (e.g. Biology, Zoology, Fisheries

Management, Natural Resources Management, etc);

High level of proficiency in written and spoken English;

Knowledge of Setswana will be an advantage.

General professional experience

Minimum 5 years of experience in inland fisheries resources management;

Proven report-writing and project management skills.

Specific professional experience

Specific experience in reservoirs/dams stock assessment planning and implementation (at least

3 assignments);

Experience in on the job training to local administrations staff (at least 3 assignments);

Previous experience in the region would be an advantage;



Experience in carrying out assignments for the EU or similar bilateral/multilateral

organisations (at least 2 assignments).

The indicative number of missions outside the normal place of posting requiring overnights for this

expert is 2.

There will be in-country field visits outside the normal place of posting not requiring overnights for

this expert.

Indicative number of working days by expert and task

No. Indicative Task Key Expert 1 (Days)

1.1 Preparatory work, initial briefing and ITR preparation; assessment

and information analysis

9

1.2 Stakeholders visits and field work 10

1.3 Stock assessment study drafting and revision 10

1.4 Elaboration of guidelines for stock assessment 4

1.5 Final presentation workshop preparation and conduction 2

1.6 Debriefing and reporting 3

Total 38

Additional information

a) Key Expert is expected to spend at least 80% of the total indicative number of working days in the

country.

b) Note that civil servants and other staff of the public administration of the beneficiary country

cannot be recruited as experts, unless prior written approval has been obtained from the European

Commission.

c) The Consultant must complete a timesheet using the ACP Fish II template provided by the CU at

the start of the implementation period. The Consultant is entitled to work a maximum of 6 days per

week. Mobilisation and demobilisation days will not be considered as working days. Only in case

of travel for mobilisation longer than 24 hours, the additional days spent for mobilisation will be

considered as working days.

6.1.2 Other experts

No other experts will be recruited under this assignment

6.1.3 Support staff and backstopping

Backstopping costs are considered to be included in the fee rates of the experts.

6.2 Office accommodation

The costs of the office accommodation are to be covered by the fee rates of the experts.

6.3 Facilities to be provided by the Consultant



The Consultant shall ensure that experts are adequately supported and equipped (IT and

communication tools and printing services). In particular it shall ensure that there is sufficient

administrative, secretarial and interpreting provision to enable experts to concentrate on their primary

responsibilities. It must also transfer funds as necessary to support its activities under the assignment

and to ensure that its employees are paid regularly and in a timely fashion.

If the Consultant is a consortium, the arrangements should allow for the maximum flexibility in

project implementation. Arrangements offering each consortium member a fixed percentage of the

work to be undertaken under the contract should be avoided.

6.4 Equipment

No equipment is to be purchased on behalf of the Contracting Authority or beneficiary country as part

of this service contract or transferred to the Contracting Authority or beneficiary country at the end of

the contract. Any equipment related to this contract which is to be acquired by the beneficiary country

must be purchased by means of a separate supply tender procedure.

6.5 Incidental expenditure

The Provision for incidental expenditure covers the ancillary and exceptional eligible expenditure

incurred under this contract. It cannot be used for costs which should be covered by the Consultant as

part of its fee rates, as specified above. Its use is governed by the provisions in the General Conditions

and the notes in Annex V of the contract. It covers:

a) KEY EXPERTS

Travel costs and daily subsistence allowances (perdiems) for missions for Key Experts, outside

the normal place of posting, to be undertaken as part of this contract. If applicable, indicate if

the provision includes costs for environmental measures, for example CO2 offsetting.

Travel costs for field visits for the Key Experts (car or boat rental, fuel and domestic flights).

Any subsistence allowances to be paid for missions undertaken as part of this contract must not exceed

the per diem rates published on the European Union (EU) website at:

http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/procedures/implementation/per_diems/index_en.htm

b) WORKSHOP/TRAINING/CONSULTATIONS ORGANISATION

The cost of organisation of stakeholders’ consultative workshops, training and validation

workshops including cost for venue, communication and media activities, transport (domestic

travel or car or boat rental to/from), accommodation and meals for all participants requiring an

overnight stay. For all participants not requiring an overnight stay, the cost for daily transport

allowance and lunch will be paid on the basis of actual costs. All costs for accommodation and

meals must not exceed the EU per diem rate for the country.

The cost of venue (if needed) and lunch for consultations of less than one day with locally-

based participants.

c) FUNDING OF NATIONAL/REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION OFFICERS

ACCOMPANYING KEY EXPERTS ON MISSIONS.

Exceptionally, the costs of flights, accommodation and meals for representatives of fisheries

administrations, regional fisheries bodies or regional economic organizations who may

accompany the Key Experts on regional or national missions under the following conditions:

i) Request of a prior approval to the CU, attaching to this request the declaration issued by

local fisheries administrations or regional fisheries bodies stating that the cost of this

extra activity for their officers cannot be covered given the internal budget restrictions.



The administration should acknowledge, despite this, the need of the attendance of its

officer for an effective project implementation.

ii) The total cost for accommodation and meals based on actual cost (invoices to be provided)

cannot exceed the EU per diem rate for the country.

iii) If private or administration’s means of transport are used by the representatives of fisheries

administrations or regional fisheries bodies accompanying the Key Experts on regional or

national missions, fuel cost will be reimbursed upon receipt of the officer’s reimbursement

request based on distance travelled and local price for fuel per unit

d) TRANSLATION

N/a.

e) OTHER

The cost of producing up to three extra copies of the Final Technical Report, to be presented to

the Beneficiary FA, upon his formal request.

The Provision for incidental expenditure for this contract is EUR 17,200. This amount must be

included without modification in the Budget breakdown.

6.6 Expenditure verification

The Provision for expenditure verification relates to the fees of the auditor who has been charged with

the expenditure verification of this contract in order to proceed with the payment of further pre-

financing instalments if any and/or interim payments if any.

The Provision for expenditure verification for this contract is EUR 1,300. This amount must be

included without modification in the Budget breakdown.

This provision cannot be decreased but can be increased during the execution of the contract.

7. REPORTS

7.1 Reporting requirements

Please refer to Article 26 of the General Conditions. There must be a final report, a final invoice and

the financial report accompanied by an expenditure verification report at the end of the period of

implementation of the tasks. The draft final report must be submitted at least one month before the end

of the period of implementation of the tasks. Note that this final report is additional to any required in

Section 4.2 of these Terms of Reference.

Each report shall consist of a narrative section and a financial section. The financial section must

contain details of the time inputs of the experts, of the incidental expenditure and of the provision for

expenditure verification.

To summarise, in addition to the documents, reports and output which could be specified under the

duties and responsibilities of each key expert above the Consultant shall provide the following reports:

Name of report Content Time of submission

Inception Report Analysis of existing situation and

work plan for the project

No later than 10 days after the

first Expert arriving in the

place of posting for the first

time

Draft Final Technical Report Description of achievements,

problems encountered,

Before the Team Leader leaves

the country at the end of the



recommendations and technical

proposals suggested by the

consultant

assignment

Final Technical Report Description of achievements,

problems encountered,

recommendations and technical

proposals suggested by the

consultant, taking into account

changes and comments from the

RFU, CU and the fisheries

administrations or regional

fisheries bodies, produced within

14 days from delivery of the

DFTR.

Within 10 days after receiving

comments on the Draft Final

Technical report (DFTR)

Final Report Short description of

achievements including problems

encountered and

recommendations and

suggestions; together with the

Final Technical Report and a

final invoice and the financial

report accompanied by the

expenditure verification report.

After receiving the approval of

the Final Technical Report

(FTR).

7.2 Submission and approval of reports

Two copies of the approved Final Technical Report must be submitted to the Project Manager

identified in the contract (CU) and two copies to the RFU. The final technical report must be written in

English. The Project Manager is responsible for approving this report.

8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

8.1 Definition of indicators

The results to be achieved by the Consultant are included in Section 2.3 above. Progress to achieving

these results will be measured through the following indicators:

i. Quality of consultants fielded and speed of mobilisation to the relevant country will indicate a

positive start to the assignment;

ii. Identification of issues and problems as recorded in the Interim Technical Reports;

iii. Reported involvement of the FA and stakeholders in review/elaboration of the assessment;

iv. Number and nature of comments received on the Draft Final Report;

v. Respect of project milestones time schedule and reports time delivery; and

vi. Understanding of and compliance with ToR.

The Consultant may suggest additional monitoring tools for the contract duration.

8.2 Special requirements

Not applicable.



Annex 2. Itinerary, institutions and individuals consulted

The project entailed four main components, namely:

May - June 2012: Review of information and preparation of training materials for stock

assessment

18 June – 07 July: Preparation of guidelines, training of FD staff, field visits to dams

August September: field sampling using protocol and guidelines

23 October -2 November: Training in data analysis and reporting, revision of guidelines and

final validation workshop.

During the project the following dams and fishing communities were visited:

Gaborone

Nnywane

Bokaa

Shashe

Letsibogo

Ntimbale

Dikgatlhong

Jacklas 2.

Below we outline the individuals and institutions that were consulted during the project.

Training and field visits Phase 2

Name of participants Organization Email address

Balisani Morotsi Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

Choto Choto Fisheries Division, Mmadinare [email protected]

G Gabankalafe Fisheries Division, Mmadinare [email protected]

R Lelaka Fisheries Division, Mmadinare [email protected]

Motlalepula Rebatenne Fisheries Division, Shakawe

Montshawri Molefe Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

G Moshlo Fisheries Division, Shakawe [email protected]

A Samoxa Fisheries Division, Kasane

Issac Batsile Fisheries Division, Shakawe [email protected]

S. Gagoitsiwe Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

Modiegi Bakane Fisheries Division, Kasane [email protected]

Supi Khuting Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

Yoloanda Lekgabe Fisheries Division, Maun [email protected]

Thethela Bokhutlo Fisheries Division, Maun [email protected]

Gakepina Rammusi Fisheries Division, Gaborone

Tebogo Baoki Fisheries Division, Kasane

Mr Bowe WUC Gaborone and Bokaa Dam

Manager

Sam Gagomokgwa WUC Letsibogo Dam Manager

Mr Percy Mlalazi WUC Ntimbale Dam Manager

Patrick Ganetsang Fisherman Letsibogo

Mo Sampeta Fisherman Shashe



Shaft Nengu Fishing community representative,

Jacklas 2 community dam.

Lesedi Karanja Department for Tourism

Molothanyi Othomile DWNP Regional Wildlife Officer [email protected]

Molale Boitumelo WUC, Principle Environment Officer [email protected]

Joshua Buru Water Engineer Water Affairs

Charles Mosalemotheo Deputy Director NWNP

Denis Tweddle Namibia Fisheries and Nature

Foundation

[email protected]

Leone Tarabusi ACP FISH II (Regional Facilitation Unit)

Ian Cowx Ian Cowx (University of Hull/LML) [email protected]

Participants at Validation Workshop on Fish Stock Assessment in Major dams of

Botswana [Maun Lodge, Maun, Botswana], 31 October 2012 No. Name of Participant Organisation/Community Email

1 Balisani Morotsi Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

2 Choto Choto Fisheries Division, Mmadinare [email protected]

3 Yoloanda Lekgabe Fisheries Division, Maun [email protected]

4 Thethela Bokhutlo Fisheries Division, Maun [email protected]

m

5 Issac Batsile Fisheries Division, Shakawe [email protected]

6 Montshawri Molefe Fisheries Division, Gaborone [email protected]

7 Gakepina Rammusi Fisheries Division, Gaborone

8 Tebogo Baoki Fisheries Division, Kasane

9 Lesedi Karanja Department for Tourism

10 Molothanyi Othomile DWNP Regional Wildlife Officer [email protected]

11 Shaft Nengu Fishing community representative,

Jacklas 2 community dam.

12 Molale Boitumelo WUC, Principle Environment Officer [email protected]

13 Joshua Buru Water Engineer Water Affairs

14 Charles Mojalemotho Deputy Director NWNP [email protected]

15 Denis Tweddle Namibia Fisheries and Nature Foundation [email protected]

16 Ian Cowx Consultant, Landell Mills [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]















Annex 3. Inception Report

The Inception Report is transmitted electronically together with this report.



Annex 4. List of reports and documents consulted

ALCOM (1993). Report of the Technical Consultation on the enhancement of small water bodies in

Southern Africa. FAO Harare, Zimbabwe, 35 pp.

ALCOM (1996a). Report on the ninth steering committee meeting Gaborone Botswana 1-16February.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. May 1996.

ALCOM (1996b). Aquaculture for local development and utilization of small water bodies in southern

Africa. Joint evaluation by recipient countries, donor governments and FAO.

ALCOM (1999). Compendium of the results of the ALCOM aquaculture programme for smallholder

farmers in Southern Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. May

1996.

Aquaculture Production Technology (2009). Feasibility study Zambezi Aquaculture Project Botswana,

interim report (2009). Prepared for TAHAL

Bokhutlo, T., Kootsositse, M.V. & Mosepele, K. (2007). Okavango Delta fishery frame survey draft

report. Okavango Delta Management Plan.

Davies, J.A. & Britz, P.J. (2011). Status and Potential of Aquaculture in Botswana. A report by

SOGES SpA consultants for the European Union - Africa Caribbean Pacific Fish II

Programme.

Dept of Water Affairs (1992). A study of the impact of small dam construction on downstream water

resources. Vol 1 Main Report and Terms of reference. Vol III Appendix. Socioeconomic

analysis

DWNP (undated). Mmadinare fish hatchery facility Fish Farm Management Manual. 110 pp.

DWNP (undated). Mmadinare Fish Hatchery Facility Management manual, 42pp.

DWNP (undated). Mmadinare fish hatchery facility operators manual. Dept wildlife and National

Parks. 38 pp.

DWNP (undated). Mmadinare fish hatchery facility water quality management manual, 23 pp.

FAO (2010). State of world Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA).

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1820e/i1820e00.htm

Fish Protection Act: Fish Protection Regulations 2008

Fisheries Section (2002/2003). Annual Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Mimeo.

Geoflux (Pty) Ltd and Loxton, Venn & Associates (2001). A consultancy on the development of the

dams management master plan Progress report No 2. Water Utilities Corporation.

Geoflux (Pty) Ltd and Loxton, Venn & Associates (2001). A consultancy on the development of the

dams management master plan Dams Management Master Plan Draft. Water Utilities

Corporation.

Gilmore K. (1978). A fisheries survey of Shase Dam, Botswana. Mimeo

Government of Botswana (2010a). Botswana: National Development Plan 10. Volume 1 – Strategies,

Policies and Programmes. 357p. (Downloadable at http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--

Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Finance-and-Development-Planning).

Government of Botswana (2010b). Botswana: National Development Plan 10. Volume 2 – Projects.

109p. (Downloadable at http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-

Finance-and-Development-Planning).

Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Overa, R., Nielsen, R. & Zwieten, P.A.M. (2003). Management, Co-

management or No Management? Major Dilemmas in Southern African Freshwater Fisheries.

Part 1: Synthesis Report. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426 ⁄ 1. FAO. Rome.

Kolding J. (1996). Feasibility study and appraisal of fish stock management plan in Okavango. Bergen

Merron G.S. (1991). The ecology and management of the fishes of the Okavango delta, Botswana,

with particular reference to the role of the seasonal floods. Rhodes University, PhD thesis. 171

pp.

Ministry of Agriculture (2010). Zambezi Integrated Agro-Commercial Development Project

Consolidated Feasibility Report. A report by TAHAL Group Engineering Consultants for the

Government of Botswana.



Ministry of Agriculture (2010). Zambezi Integrated Agro-Commercial Development Project

Consolidated Feasibility Report. A report by TAHAL Group Engineering Consultants for the

Government of Botswana.

Mmopelwa T.G. (1999) An update of Botswana fisheries and insight into its future. Mimeo.

Mmopelwa T.G. (2000). Fisheries potential in WUC dams. Consultative workshop on secondary use

of dams, and eco-tourism. Fisheries Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Mimeo.

Mmopelwa T.G. (2001). A synthesis of past and present Fisheries Research in the Okavango Delta –

Botswana. Workshop on co-management of freshwater resources in Okavango and Zambezi

river systems, Swakopmund, Namibia. Fisheries Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Mimeo.

Mmopelwa T.G. & Khuting S.P. (2001).A first look at the fishery of Letsibogo Dam. Ministry of

Agriculture fisheries Section (Botswana Government Report).

Mmopelwa T.G. (2003). Fisheries annual report. Ministry of Agriculture fisheries Section (Botswana

Government Report).

Mmopelwa T.G. (2004). Tends in fisheries development. DWNP AGM Gantsi. Fisheries Division,

DNWNP, Mimeo.

Mmopelwa T.G., Mosepele K. & Mosepele B. (2002). Characterization and monitoring of the

Okavango delta fishery: using frame surveys, creel survey and catch/effort data. Paper

presented at the Environmental Monitoring of Tropical and Sub-tropical Wetlands conference,

Maun Lodge, Maun, Botswana, December 2002

Moehl J., Brummett R.E., Kalende, B.M. & Coche A. (2006). Guiding principles for promoting

aquaculture in Africa – benchmarks for sustainable development. CIFA Occasional Paper 28

Nermark U.P. & Mmopelwa T.G. (1993). Gear used and usable by small-scale fisherfolk in Botswana,

Zambia and Zimbabwe. Paper presented at Technical Consultation on the enhancement of

small water bodies in Southern Africa. ALCOM (1993).

Nermark U.P. (1991). Working paper on test fishing cycle in small water bodies in Southeastern

Botswana. ALCOM paper mimeo

Nermark U.P. (1992). Results from a one-year test fishing cycle in a man-made dam in Southeastern

Botswana. ALCOM paper mimeo

Norfico (1986). Botswana Fisheries: Fishing Gear and technology – A report from a consultancy in

gear technology in Botswana in the period August-October 1986. Report to the Republic of

Botswana, Ministry of Agriculture. Norwegian Agency for International Development. p. 100.

O’Brien G. & Jacobs F.(2011). Establishment of a local tigerfish population in the Letsibogo Dam,

Botswana, to address the threat of alien invasive fishes impacting on the fish community

structures of the Limpopo River system in Southern Africa. Proposal from North West

University on behalf of the Department of Wildlife (Fisheries), Botswana.

O’Brien G. (2010). Development of a fisheries management plan for the still standing lentic reservoirs

or dams in the Limpopo catchment in Botswana. Proposal concept by Rivers Of Life Aquatic

Health Services

Oarabile, I.K. (2006). Investment analysis of fish farming potential in Botswana. A paper presented to

the ministry of finance and development planning by the ministry of environment, wildlife and

tourism.

ODMP (2007). ODMP Ngamiland Tourism Development Plan - Final Report Vol. 1-3. A report

prepared for the North-west District Council and Department of Tourism.

Skelton, P.H. (2001). A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa, Southern Book

Publishers (PTY) LTD, Halfway House, 395 pp.

Soges (2011). Aquaculture Development Strategy for Botswana ACP.

Tomschi, H., Husted A., O’Brien, G., Cloete, Y., van Dyk, C., Pieterse, G.M., Wepener, V., Nel, A.

and Reisinger, U.. (2009). Environmental study to establish the baseline biological and

physical conditions of the Letsibogo Dam near Selebi Phikwe, Botswana. The European

Union’s 8th EDF Programme “Economic Diversification of the Mining Sector”, 8 ACP BT

13) Beneficiary Country: Botswana.

United Consulting (1998). Proposed Tourist Development Gaborone Dam Upper Reaches.

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secondary use of dams and eco-tourism, Bosele Hotel Selibe Phikwe.



Annex 5. Guidelines for fisheries stock assessment in major dams Transmitted electronically with this report



Annex 6. Framework for management of large dams in Botswana Transmitted electronically with this report



Annex 7. Presentations Various presentations delivered by the consultant are transmitted electronically together with this

report.



Annex 8. Data collected

Reservoir Catch Data

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Gaborone Breams 439 1080 340 3939 38

Barbels 846 1287 334 6121 73

silver catfish 228 190 68 0

Labeo 121 30 31 10

Carp 96 274 75 0 2

Total 1730 2861 848 10070 113

Shashe Breams 1645 74 1569 1440 1454

Barbels 756 318 2213 2779 883

silver catfish 652 200 439 215 649

Labeo 1318 1836 4487 4925 5033

Total 4371 2428 8708 9359 8019

Bokaa Breams 3741

Barbels 5572

Total 9313

Letsibogo Breams 5744

Barbels 1073

Total 6817

Nnywane Wildlife reserve - no exploitation

Area km2

Catchment

area km2

Depth

max m

Depth

mean

(m)

Conductivity

uS

No of

species

Licenced

fishers

Average

CPUE

(kg/net)

Gaborone 19 4300 18 6 263 15 4 0.41

Shashe 17 3650 10 3.3 245 19 4 12.32

Letsibogo 18 30 10 297 6

Bokaa 6.6 3570 6.5 2.2 248 5 1 6.3

Nywane 0.55 238 12 4 281 0

Area km2

Conductivi

ty uS

Depth

mean

(m) MEI

MEI

Estimated

production

(kg/ha/yr)

Area

Estimate

d

productio

n

(kg/ha/yr

)

Gaborone 19 263 6 43.8 126.1 3.6

Shashe 17 245 3.3 74.2 159.6 4.1

Letsibogo 18 297 10 29.7 106 0.2

Bokaa 6.6 248 2.2 112.7 192.4 4.4

Nywane 0.55 281 4 70.3 155.8 2.2

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Fis

h y

ield

(k

g)

Year

Gaborone

Shashe

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Breams Barbels silver catfish Labeo Carp

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Breams Barbels silver catfish Labeo

Gaborone

Shashe



Mesh_Versus_Length

Mean length

Row LabelsB. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus sppC. gariepinusL. rudii labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. andersoniiO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis sppGrand Total Mesh Mean SD

16 74 71 63 74 60 65 135 223 71 16 74 5

22 91 100 56 98 86 92 98 50 75 70 124 20 94 22 91 10 75 12

28 106 133 107 108 193 120 47 96 78 125 93 117 28 106 11 96 53

35 121 135 131 109 202 124 57 305 125 115 150 151 117 114 149 35 121 8 115

45 100 253 201 188 210 194 129 181 139 186 45 100 194 73

50 497 229 267 163 219 50 163 25

57 90 345 244 160 210 185 223 57 90

73 396 290 267 219 191 232 107 249 73 219 11

75 441 236 290 210 229 75 210 20

99 92 93 245 108 130 97 99 92 12 108 61

100 710 315 275 240 492 100 275 23

115 96 635 431 300 310 243 295 115 300 48

118 654 359 320 308 171 492 118 320

125 557 345 315 306 352 125 315 38

150 776 431 163 661 150 431

Grand Total 95 118 62 89 81 608 219 124 62 345 125 248 215 154 242 99 130 150

Standard Deviation

Row LabelsB. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus sppC. gariepinusL. rudii labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. andersoniiO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis sppGrand Total

16 5 6 7 5 0 0 1 12

22 10 16 9 5 13 5 7 10 12 5 34 28 20

28 11 31 10 10 15 6 2 53 11 15 8 18

35 8 0 1 9 49 0 0 14 7 2 20

45 24 22 13 28 73 16 20 12 25

50 92 20 45 25 77

57 103 24 6 34 #DIV/0! 44

73 99 25 11 27 70 #DIV/0! 68

75 55 102 7 20 69

99 12 18 31 61 #DIV/0! 31

100 23 633

115 10 82 41 48 15 198

118 80 4 59 226

125 159 132 38 20 117

150 49 51 240

Grand Total 14 30 8 17 22 402 43 21 8 115 #DIV/0! 76 90 35 2 32 32 107

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

16 22 28 35 45 50 57 73 75 99 100 115 118 125 150

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

16 22 28 35 45 50 57 73 75 99 100 115 118 125 150

Me

an

le

ng

th

SD

(m

m)

Mesh size (mm)

B. trimaculatus

O.mossambicus

C. gariepinus

L. rudii



Pivot Table

Count of length Column Labels

Row Labels dikgatlhong letsibogo Nnywane Ntimbale Shashe Grand Total

B. trimaculatus 365 116 880 388 1749

16 1 167 3 171

22 345 65 458 103 971

28 19 46 205 263 533

35 3 21 19 43

45 1 1

57 1 1

99 29 29

B. unitinatus 3 147 150

16 2 2

22 3 61 64

28 81 81

35 3 3

B.paludinosus 20 20

16 16 16

22 4 4

B.poechi 407 407

16 156 156

22 20 20

28 74 74

35 2 2

99 101 101

115 54 54

barbus spp 40 81 82 203

16 81 81

22 37 34 71

28 3 40 43

35 8 8

C. gariepinus 19 32 21 57 9 138

45 4 4

50 1 4 5

57 6 1 7

73 1 2 3 6

75 1 3 4

100 3 25 28

115 18 2 7 27

118 7 3 7 1 18

125 1 19 4 24

150 1 5 5 4 15

L. rudii 21 541 14 576

22 2 9 11

28 3 3

35 14 2 16

45 1 297 5 303

50 56 56

57 17 105 7 129

73 1 44 45

75 9 9

99 3 3

100 1 1

Labeo spp 81 2 4 87



22 2 2

28 72 3 75

35 6 6

45 1 2 3

73 1 1

M. brevianelis 112 6 118

16 91 91

22 18 2 20

28 1 4 5

35 2 2

M. salmoides 20 17 37

35 1 1

45 2 2

50 2 2

75 2 2

100 1 1

115 6 1 7

118 1 1

125 5 16 21

O. andersonii 1 1

35 1 1

O. mossambicus 1 105 106 54 5 271

22 1 1 2

28 1 3 4

35 1 1

45 2 2 4

50 36 2 38

73 16 1 17

75 36 18 54

99 4 5 9

100 2 22 24

115 5 14 2 21

118 1 1

125 3 92 95

150 1 1

Oreochromis spp 2 18 63 53 14 150

16 1 1

22 13 13

28 1 4 5

35 1 1

45 1 13 3 17

57 2 2 14 7 25

73 13 10 23

115 35 35

118 2 2

125 28 28

S. intermedius 2599 60 2659

16 1 1 2

22 147 2 149

28 807 5 812

35 830 10 840

45 630 26 656

57 134 12 146

73 41 3 44

118 6 1 7

150 3 3

S.macrochir 2 2

100 1 1

115 1 1

Sargochromis spp 52 52

22 5 5

28 26 26

35 14 14

45 7 7

serranochromis spp 4 1 5

35 2 2

57 1 1

73 1 1

99 1 1

Grand Total 3131 832 207 1672 783 6625



Species Composition

B. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus spp C. gariepinus L. rudii labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis spp

dikgatlhong 2012 365 3 40 19 21 81 1 2 2599

letsibogo 2010 24 66 16 82

letsibogo 2012 116 8 475 4 23 18

Nnywane 2010 3 2 27 3

Nnywane 2011 18 15 79 60

Ntimbale 2010 88 10 127 14 14

Ntimbale 2012 792 10 280 81 43 2 112 40 53 2 4

Shashe 2012 388 147 82 9 14 4 6 5 15 60 52 1

Mean LENGTH

Row Labels B. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus spp C. gariepinus L. rudii Labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis spp

dikgatlhong 2012 82 74 78 438 215 120 320 157 153

letsibogo 2010 626 227 393 190

letsibogo 2012 105 771 218 271 210 197

Nnywane 2010 613 369 325 292

Nnywane 2011 538 311 319 309

Ntimbale 2010 85 60 92 561 194

Ntimbale 2012 96 64 88 60 690 183 62 221 133 242 136

Shashe 2012 103 119 104 589 196 161 45 206 132 202 99 107

STD DEV


dikgatlhong 2012 5 4 5 183 56 11 4 34

letsibogo 2010 108 49 85 34

letsibogo 2012 15 80 41 76 25 56

Nnywane 2010 71 23 20 11

Nnywane 2011 175 139 31 17

Ntimbale 2010 12 10 17 79 102

Ntimbale 2012 14 6 17 0 11 7 72 43 2 34

Shashe 2012 12 30 13 183 36 71 5 140 39 43 32

SUM WeIGHT

B. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus spp C. gariepinus L. rudii Labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis spp

dikgatlhong 2012 2570 18 242 21877 3693 1812 585 136 99559

letsibogo 2010 48809 8314 24909 10599

letsibogo 2012 1471 31624 61255 1593 2672 3227

Nnywane 2010 5608 1106 14123 1572

Nnywane 2011 38096 22573 50772 35232

Ntimbale 2010 434 15 1002 20129 3098

Ntimbale 2012 7170 20 1928 397 72592 178 208 9404 2735 560 139

Shashe 2012 4467 1756 1165 16306 1856 401 5 397 712 5647 859 17

WEIGHT AVERAGE

B. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus spp C. gariepinus L. rudii Labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis spp

dikgatlhong 2012 7 6 6 1151 176 22 585 68 38

letsibogo 2010 2034 126 1557 129

letsibogo 2012 13 3953 129 398 116 179

Nnywane 2010 1869 553 523 524

Nnywane 2011 2116 1505 643 587

Ntimbale 2010 5 2 8 1438 221

Ntimbale 2012 9 2 7 5 1688 89 2 235 52 280 35

Shashe 2012 12 12 14 1812 133 100 1 79 47 94 17 17

STD DEV WEIGHT


dikgatlhong 2012 1 2 1 1276 118 14 7 35

letsibogo 2010 1049 63 910 80

letsibogo 2012 4 1342 77 404 83 126

Nnywane 2010 657 519 166 25

Nnywane 2011 884 643 99 82

Ntimbale 2010 3 1 4 819 193

Ntimbale 2012 5 1 7 0 954 20 0 156 45 18 33

Shashe 2012 5 4 6 1182 70 158 0 125 31 63 12

Grand Total 5 4 1 7 6 1177 78 38 0 832 255 264 36 18 12 30

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Pe

rce

nta

ge

b

y n

um

be

r

serranochromis spp

Sargochromis spp

S.macrochir

S. intermedius

Oreochromis spp

O. mossambicus

M. salmoides

M. brevianelis

labeo spp

L. rudii

C. gariepinus

barbus spp

B.poechi

B.paludinosus

B. unitinatus

B. trimaculatus

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Me

an

le

ng

th (

mm

)

B. trimaculatus

C. gariepinus

L. rudii

O. mossambicus

S. intermedius

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Me

an

we

igh

t (g

)

B. trimaculatus

C. gariepinus

L. rudii

O. mossambicus

S. intermedius

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Pe

rce

nta

ge

by

we

igh

t

serranochromis spp

Sargochromis spp

S.macrochir

S. intermedius

Oreochromis spp

O. mossambicus

M. salmoides

M. brevianelis

Labeo spp

L. rudii

C. gariepinus

barbus spp

B.poechi

B.paludinosus

B. unitinatus

B. trimaculatus



Reservoir Site Row Labels B. trimaculatusB. unitinatus B.paludinosus B.poechi barbus spp C. gariepinus L. rudii labeo spp M. brevianelis M. salmoides O. andersonii O. mossambicus Oreochromis spp S. intermedius S.macrochir Sargochromis spp serranochromis spp

dikgatlhong_Deep 39 1 6 4 4 722

dikgatlhong_shallow 135 13 10 9 7 1 892

dikgatlhong_shallow vegetated191 3 26 3 8 70 2 985

letsibogo_Deep 13 38 3

letsibogo_shallow 25 3 54 7

letsibogo_shallow vegetated 78 5 383 4 23 8

Ntimbale_Deep 441 10 14 28 4

Ntimbale_shallow 84 1 1 95 12

Ntimbale_shallow vegetated115 81 3 1 3 13

Ntimbale_unknown 152 10 280 29 40 2

Shashe_Deep 271 17 44 8 11 1 6 1 13 27 1

Shashe_shallow 39 130 10 2 2 1 2 1 16 48

Shashe_shallow vegetated 78 28 1 1 1 2 17 4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Pe

rc

en

tag

e b

y n

um

be

r

serranochromis spp

Sargochromis spp

S.macrochir

S. intermedius

Oreochromis spp

O. mossambicus

O. andersonii

M. salmoides

M. brevianelis

labeo spp

L. rudii

C. gariepinus

barbus spp

B.poechi

B.paludinosus

B. unitinatus

B. trimaculatus



Length and Weight

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

dikgatlhong

Letsibogo

Ntimbale

Shashe

Expon.(dikgatlhong)Expon. (Letsibogo)



Mesh Row LabelsB. trimaculatusB. unitinatusB.paludinosusB.poechi barbus sppC. gariepinusL. rudii labeo spp M. brevianelisM. salmoidesO. andersoniiO. mossambicusOreochromis sppS. intermediusS.labeo S.macrochirSargochromis sppserranochromis sppSilver labeoGrand Total

dikgatlhong 365 3 40 19 21 81 1 2 2599 3131

16 1 1

22 345 3 37 2 2 147 536

28 19 3 72 807 901

35 6 830 836

45 4 1 1 630 636

57 1 6 17 2 134 160

73 1 1 41 43

118 7 1 6 14

150 1 3 4

letsibogo 116 32 514 20 105 18 16 11 832

16 1 1

22 65 9 74

28 46 3 1 50

35 3 14 1 18

45 1 297 2 2 1 303

50 1 37 2 36 15 4 95

57 105 2 107

73 44 16 13 73

75 1 2 2 36 1 6 48

99 3 4 7

100 3 1 2 1 7

115 18 6 5 29

118 3 1 2 6

125 1 5 3 9

150 5 5

Nnywane 21 17 106 63 207

115 2 1 14 35 52

125 19 16 92 28 155

Ntimbale 880 20 407 81 57 2 112 54 53 2 4 1672

16 167 16 156 81 91 1 512

22 458 4 20 18 1 13 514

28 205 74 1 3 1 284

35 21 2 2 1 1 2 29

45 2 13 15

50 4 2 6

57 14 1 15

73 2 10 12

75 3 18 21

99 29 101 5 1 136

100 25 22 1 48

115 54 7 2 1 64

118 7 7

125 4 4

150 5 5

Shashe 388 147 82 9 14 4 6 1 5 14 60 52 1 783

16 3 2 1 6

22 103 61 34 2 1 2 5 208

28 263 81 40 3 4 4 5 26 426

35 19 3 8 2 1 10 14 57

45 5 2 3 26 7 43

57 1 7 7 12 27

73 3 1 1 3 1 9

118 1 1 2

150 4 1 5

Grand Total 1749 150 20 407 203 138 549 87 118 37 1 271 150 2659 16 2 52 5 11 6625



Annex 9. Photos

Banner

Final Workshop, Maun Lodge

Ian Cowx, Team Leader



Participants – Final workshop

Participants and Team Leader – Final workshop

Documents

Final Technical Report - ACP Fish IIacpfish2-eu.org/uploads/projects/id272/Botswana Dams_Final Report... · Final Technical Report Fish Stock Assessment in Major Dams in Botswana