How to use these sheets:

Identify and describe the terms in context. Be able to explain how each of the terms relates to US History.

Simple definitions are not enough!

The Constitution and its Foundations

Greece and Rome

Direct democracy

Indirect democracy

Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights

Colonial Experiences

Virginia House of Burgesses, colonial legislatures, Connecticut Fundamental Orders

Salutory Neglect, Colonial Mercantilism, Taxation without representation

Proclamation of 1763 ----------Revolution

Petition, protest, boycott, Boston Massacre, Tea Party, Revolution

Declaration of Independence The Enlightenment

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

Natural rights, social contract

Consent of the governed

Declaration of war

Why was it written?

What impact did it have on the revolution? What impact has it had in US history and on the

world?

What philosophy/ideals were put forth in the Declaration of Independence?

Why did the colonists include a list of grievances

American Revolution

Causes

Loyalists, Patriots

Thomas Paine, Common Sense

Critical period

Articles of Confederation Strengths and weaknesses

Shays’ Rebellion - causes/effects

To what extent was 1763 a turning point in colonial America? Were the colonists justified in declaring and fighting for their independence?

The Declaration of Independence was a revolutionary document. Agree/disagree.

Has the United States fulfilled the ideals of the Declaration of Independence?

To what extent did the Articles of Confederation provide an effective system of government for the new nation?

Why was Shays's Rebellion significant?

Final Study Guide: United States History 11R Regents Exam: Wednesday June 15 12:00 AM (Report by 11:45)

Bring: blue or black ballpoint pens Format: 50 multiple choice, Documents, Thematic essay, DBQ essay

Timeline of early American history - sequence of events (Declaration, Articles, Constitution, Bill of Rts.) and

the connection between the events.

Constitutional Convention - goals and compromises

Great Compromise, 3/5 Compromise, Presidency, Tariff

Preamble to the Constitution - what are the goals of the government does our government today still fulfill these

goals? Use specific examples!!

Federalism

Delegated powers – Article 1, Section 8

Reserved powers – 10th

amendment

Implied powers – elastic clause

Concurrent powers

Separation of power – what are the branches? what do they do?

Checks and balances – examples of how each branch checks up on the others

Ratification of the Constitution

Federalists and the Anti-Federalists (arguments of each!!)

Roles of the president

Indirect election – Electoral College – how can it be reformed?

2000 election

Judicial Review

Marbury v. Madison

The Unwritten Constitution

Cabinet

Political parties

Ratification of Constitution

Strict construction v. Loose construction

Bill of Rights

Why was it added to the Constitution?

Federalist v. Anti-Federalist

What rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (especially 1,2,4,5,6,8)

Bill of Rights Issues Raised in Court Cases:

Speech – unpopular, symbolic, wartime, clear and present danger, students’ rights

Free Exercise / Establishment Clause – separation of church and state, school prayer, freedom of religion

Search and Seizure – probable cause, warrants, students’ rights, reasonable cause

Rights of the Accused – double jeopardy, self-incrimination, right to counsel, public defender, trial by jury

Cruel and Unusual punishment – death penalty

Precedent

Judicial activism

Judicial restraint

Judicial interpretation

Majority opinion

Dissenting opinion

Supreme Court cases –

Schenck v. US

Tinker v. DesMoines

Board of Education, Island Trees School District v. Pico

Texas v. Johnson

Hazelwood Schools v. Kuhlmeier

West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette

Lee v. Weissman

Mapp v. Ohio

Veronia School District v. Acton

Pottawatomie v. Earls

Gideon v. Wainright

Miranda v. Arizona

Escobedo v. Illinois

Morse v. Frederick

What issues needed to be compromised at the Constitutional Convention? How did the issues reflect early

sectionalism in the United States?

How did the Founders attempt to form a more perfect union? Analyze how the Constitution stregnthened and

limited the power of the federal government.

To what extent is the Constitution relevant today?

Evaluate the arguments made for and against the ratification of the Constitution.

Analyze the impact of the Marshall Court in US History.

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? How are the fundamental rights that are listed in the Bill of

Rights be applied in everyday situations?

What are civil liberties? Why have people's rights periodically expanded and restricted?

How does the government balance the rights of individuals with the common good? When should freedom be

sacrificed for the common good?

How does government both reflects society and shape society?

Analyze the impact of the Supreme Court decisions throughout U.S. history.

George Washington

Proclamation of Neutrality – background, description, results

Farwell Address -- warnings

Precedents - Unwritten Constitution – custom and tradition – two term presidency (until the 22nd

amendment), political parties (Federalists and Republicans), judicial review

Early Financial Issues

The assumption plan

The National Bank – Alexander Hamilton

Protective Tariffs

Whiskey Rebellion

Alien and Sedition Acts

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

National Bank

McCulloch v. Maryland

Jefferson -- Louisiana Purchase

Background, Description, Results

Did it promote US interests?

Strict construction v. Loose construction

Lewis and Clark

Monroe Doctrine

Analyze George Washington's legacy in American history.

Was the emergence of political parties in America inevitable? Have political parties been good for America?

Evaluate George Washington's foreign policy of neutrality.

Hamilton's financial Plan set the new nation on the road to economic stability. Agree/Disagree.

How did the competition for power between the federal government and state goverments manifest itself in the

new nation?

War of 1812 – US role in the world?

James Monroe -- Monroe Doctrine

Background, Description, Results

Market Revolution

Technological changes (and the effects of those changes – keep in mind the effect on women and

slavery)

Transportation developments (and the effects of those developments)

How did the US government encourage expansion?

End of Property requirement for voting (expands democracy)

The Election of 1828 -- Jackson – impact on politics – president of the common people?

Jacksonian Democracy

Spoils system (ultimately leads to civil service reform)

Tariff issue – South Carolina – Nulllification Theory and Crisis

Veto of the Bank Charter – why?

Pet banks

Cherokee – assimilation

Indian Removal Act

Worcester v. Georgia

Trail of Tears

Settling the West – frontier --Manifest Destiny

Indian policies

How did the government promote westward expansion? (Homestead Act, land grants to railroads)

Reform Movements

Women

Cult of Domesticity – changing roles in the early 19th

century

Life at the Lowell Mills

(Class Issues)

Inequality – property, children, marriage, suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Susan B. Anthony

Lucy Stone

Seneca Falls 1848

Declaration of Sentiments

Mentally Ill – Dorothea Dix

African Americans -- abolition

Missouri Compromise

Conditions of Slavery

Spirituals

Underground RR

Douglass, Garrison, Tubman, Jacobs (Incidents In the Life of a Slave Girl)

Emancipation

Suffrage

Women’s Movement and Abolition – split – why

Civil War and Reconstruction

Sectionalism

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Law

Kansas Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

The Dred Scott case

Abolitionists

Tactics – Garrison, Brown, Tubman, Douglass, etc.

The election of Lincoln

Lincoln during the war

Suspension of Habeus Corpus

Ex Parte Milligan

Military funds

Emancipation Proclamation

Role of African Americans during the war

Reconstruction

The President’s plan

Radical Republicans (Congressional Plan)

13th

Amendment

Black Codes

14th

Amendment

15th

Amendment

Southern governments during Reconstruction – who has power, why?

The end of Reconstruction

Election 1876

“Solid South”

White control in the south

Black Codes

KKK

Poll Taxes

Literacy Test

Grandfather clause

sharecropping

Jim Crow Laws

Plessy v. Fergusson (1896) – don’t forget Brown v. Board of Ed. (1954)

Constitutional Issues during the Civil War and Reconstruction:

Federalism

Separation of Power/Checks and Balance

Constitutional Change and Flexibility

The Judiciary – interpreter and shaper of public policy

The Constitution Tested

Louisiana Purchase

Dred Scott

Emancipation Proclamation

Secession

Ex Parte Milligan

Plessy v Fergusson

Industrialization/Gilded Age

What is needed to industrialize?

Why is the time right in the late 1800’s for rapid industrial growth?

Capitalism

Laissez faire (+’s and –‘s)

Business organizations

Sole proprietorship

Partnership

Corporation

Monopoly (+ and -)

Standard Oil, Sugar, Copper

Robber Baron v. Captain of Industry

Rockefeller, Morgan, Carnegie

Government regulation? (Arguments for and against)

Gilded Age - politics

Interstate Commerce Commission

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Immigrants – where do they come from? Why do they come? Where do they go? What

contributions do they make?

Colonial immigrants

Old immigrants

New immigrants

New, new immigrants

Reaction toward immigrants – policies and groups

Know Nothing Party

Chinese Exclusion

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Literacy Tests

Emergency Quotas

National Origins

Immigration Act of 1965

Immigration Act of 1986

Debate today

Melting Pot v. Salad Bowl

Assimilation

Pluralism

Xenophobia

Nativism

Generational experiences

Contributions

Experiences of specific groups

Urbanization (+s and –s)

Working conditions

Organized labor – unions

Knights, AFL

Union tactics

Management tactics

Key strikes –

Railway 1877

Homestead

Pullman

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Attitude of gov’t towards labor in late 1800s

Attitude of gov’t towards labor in the early 1900s

Links between industrialization, westward expansion and the start of imperialism?

Spanish American War

Causes

Results

Yellow journalism

Philippines – pro v. anti-imperialist debate – know the arguments

US foreign policy

Populism and Progressivism The Grange

Farmers problems

Railroads

Interstate commerce commission

The Populists (and their platform)

Free silver

William Jennings Bryan – Cross of Gold

Third political parties and their significance

What happened to the Populists? Were they successful?

The Progressives – Early 1900s

Who are they?

What are their goals? (problems they tried to solve)

Muckrakers

Reformers (what were their goals and tactics? Were they successful?)

Upton Sinclair

Ida Tarbell

Jacob Riis

Jane Addams – Hull House

Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Women’s rights

(1848 – earlier – Declaration of Sentiments – Stanton and Anthony)

Alice Paul

Margaret Sanger

19th

amendment

African American’s rights

Booker T. Washington

WEB DuBois

Marcus Garvey

NAACP

Government problems and reform

City, state, local

Secret ballot

Initiative, referendum, recall

17th

amendment

Teddy Roosevelt

Role of federal government

Trustbuster

Conservation

Square Deal

William Howard Taft

Election of 1912 – role of third political parties

Bull Moose

Woodrow Wilson

New Freedom

Federal Trade Commission

Clayton Anti-trust Act

16th

amendment

What ends the Progressive Era?

WWI

Causes in Europe (MAIN) or (MANIA)

American Neutrality – why?

Involvement in 1917 – Why?

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Schenck v. US

Clear and present danger principle

Bolshevik Revolution

Peace 1919

Treaty of Versailles - Provisions

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

League of Nations – to join or not to join?

Isolation

Should the start of WWII be linked to the peace of WWI?

Kellogg-Briand Pact

How was democracy expanded in the period from 1900-1920?

How did the role of the Federal Government change?

Why did we try to revert back to our earlier foreign policy after WWI

America Between the Wars

Isolation

Harding

Return to Normalcy

Teapot Dome Scandal

Calvin Coolidge

Laissez faire – why? Effects?

Farm prices

Roaring Twenties

Consumerism

Installment plans

Ford – cars (impact on society)

Leisure time – Sports, Movies, Music, Literature

The Great Migration

Reasons -- Experiences

Harlem Renaissance – Jazz, Langston Hughes, Jacob Lawrence

KKK lynching

Red Scare

Palmer Raids

Sacco and Vanzetti

KKK

Immigrant restrictions

Scopes Trial

Prohibition (18th

Amendment – effects?) -- repeal

Flappers – changing role of women

19th

Amendment

Great Depression

Causes?

Hoover’s Response

Tickle down

Rugged individualism

Life during the depression

Dust Bowl – Oakies

Grapes of Wrath -- Steinbeck

New Deal

FDR

Philosophy (compare to Hoover)

Relief

Recovery

Reform

First Hundred Days

Role of the federal government

Pump priming

Agencies and actions

Banking Act, WPA, CCC, AAA, SEC, Social Security, Wagner Act, FDIC

Deficit spending

Unions

Supreme Court and the New Deal

The NRA Schecter Poultry v. US (1935)

The AAA US v. Butler (1936)

The Court Packing Plan

Assessing the New Deal

For the New Deal / against the New Deal

22nd

Amendment

Good Neighbor Policy

WWII and the Cold War

Causes of WWII in Europe

US policy – neutrality, Destroyer for Military Bases, Lend-Lease, involvement -- why?

Why did the US drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Wartime diplomacy – Yalta, Potsdam

Holocaust - Nuremberg Trials

At home during the war (and after in the 1950s – propaganda)

Women

African Americans

Japanese Americans

Internment

Korematsu v. US

Post WWII -- Cold War

Containment

Iron Curtain

Collective Security

US as world police

UN

Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan

Berlin Blockade/Airlift

NATO

Warsaw Pact

1949 – China

USSR

Korea – containment

Truman v MacArthur

UN Role

Cold War at Home – McCarthyism – 1950s

Civil rights, censure

Other 1950s info

Suburbs

Culture

Conformity

Role of women

Eisenhower

U2 incident

Brinkmanship

Peaceful Coexistence

Domino Theory

Vietnam – Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon

Containment v. civil war

Gulf of Tonkin

Pentagon Papers

Guns v. Butter

Kent State

LBJ’s Great Society

War Powers Act

Vietnamization (Nixon)

Protests

Lessons of Vietnam

Support – from public and Congress, objectives, role of US, checks and balances

War Powers Act (1973)

Cuba 1959 – Castro

Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile Crisis

Alliance for Progress

Détente

Civil Rights 1950s 1960s 1970s

Civil Rights Movement – goals, actions success? Plessy v. Fergusson (1896)

Segregation – impact?

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Emmit Till

Little Rock -- desegregation – role of the state and fed gov’ts

NAACP

Rosa Parks -- Montgomery Bus Boycott

MLK

Civil disobedience

Non-violent direct action

Medgar Evers

Sitins

Birmingham Alabama

March on Washington

Role of Music in Civil Rights movement

Experiences of Musicians (in the 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s – Billie Holliday, Louis Armstrong)

Malcolm X

SCLS, SNCC

Black Panthers

Civil Rights act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Defacto segregation vs. Dejure segregation

Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique

NOW

ERA

Title IX

Affirmative action - Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Cesar Chavez – UFW

Environmental Issues – Rachel Carson

The Great Society

Head Start

Medicare

The Warren Court – Rights of the Accused

Gideon v. Wainright

Escobedo v Illinois

Miranda v. Arizona

Tinker v. DesMoines

Immigration Act of 1965

1970s, 1980s, 1990s

Nixon

Watergate

The imperial president

US v Nixon

Resignation

Ford - Pardon

SALT

New Federalism

Carter

Camp David Accords

OPEC

Panama Canal Treaty

Reagan

Supply side economics (Reaganomics)

Immigration Act of 1986

Intervention in Central America – El Salvado, Nicaragua

Star Wars

Iran Contra

George Bush

End of the Cold War – New World Order

Invasion of Panama

Gulf War

Role of the UN

Clinton

Health Care Reform

Scandal

NAFTA

Former Yugoslavia

2000 Election – Gore v. Bush

Electoral college issues – popular vote v. electoral college

Supreme Court orders recount to end (first time for SC to intervene in a Pres. Election)

Campaign financing

George W. Bush

Tax cuts

Sept. 11, 2001

War in Iraq

Terrorism

2008 – Obama Election

Hillary Clinton

Sarah Palin

Obama care