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FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Title of Sub-project:
A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
Lead Consortium
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE)
St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu - 627 002
2014
A V
alu
e C
hai
n o
n M
urr
el P
rodu
ctio
n i
n T
amil
Nad
u a
nd
Ori
ssa
Component-2
2014
2014
FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Title of Sub-project:
A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
Lead Consortium
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE)
St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu - 627 002
2014
A
Val
ue
Ch
ain o
n M
urr
el P
rodu
ctio
n i
n T
amil
Nad
u a
nd
Ori
ssa
Component-2
2014
FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Title of Sub-project:
A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
Lead Consortium
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE)
St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu - 627 002
2014
Inside Cover Page
Printed on :
Component : 2
Citation :
Copyright : Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Disclaimer :
Published by : Name, Designation, Address, Phone, Fax, E-mail, Website
Edited by :
Compiled by :
Hindi translation :
Other Credits :
Cover page
photographs
:
______________________________________________________________________________
Printed at
CONTENTS
Page Number
Foreword -by CL
Preface -by CPI
1
Executive Summary/ Key words 2-5
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project 6-7
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction 8
2. Overall Sub-Project Objectives 9
3. Sub-Project Technical Profile 9-11
4. Baseline Analysis 11-12
5. Research Achievements 12-30
6. Innovations 30-33
7. Process/Product/Technology/Value Chain/Rural Industry
Developed
33
8. Patents (Filed/Granted) 34
9. Linkages and Collaborations 34-35
10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects 35
11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 35-36
12. Publications 36-45
13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 45-47
14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized 47-48
15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc. 49-53
16. Trainings/Visits undertaken (National/ International) 53
17. Performance Indicators 53-54
18. Employment Generation 54
19. Assets Generated 54-60
20. Awards and Recognitions 60-61
21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 61-62
22. Possible Future Line of Work 62
23. Personnel 62-63
24. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination 64-66
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 67
Part-IV: Declaration 68
Pro-forma:
1. Details of Technologies Developed/ Validated/ Adopted
2. Details of Technologies/ Innovations Commercialized
3. Details of Rural Entrepreneurships/ Rural Industries Developed
Annexure:
1. Publications
2. Murrel Value Added Products
3. Linkages andCollaboration
4. Success Stories
FOREWORD
Aquaculture has been recognized as a powerful income and employment generator which
stimulates growth of a number of subsidiary industries. It is the only sector which offers cheap
and good animal protein to the people, particularly to the economically weaker section of the
society and thereby serving as a mean ensuring national food security. No doubt, demand for
edible fish is increasing day by day and the only solution is culture practices in freshwater,
brackishwater and sea which promise to meet our increasing fish demand. At present, availability
of fishes in the markets shows a dwindling trend and the supply from the wild and capture
fisheries is not enough to meet the consumers demand. At this juncture, inland fish culture
especially murrel culture, native catfish and eel culture may be fruitful to fish consumers.
I am happy to note that considering the present needs, the Director, Dr.M.A.Haniffa and
his research team of Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE) of St.Xavier‟s
College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, have undertaken extensive investigations on murrels and
native catfishes. I am proud to state that CARE is the unique centre internationally recognized
for research in murrel farming, transfer technologies and conservation of threatened freshwater
fishes by availing financial assistance for 26 major research projects from ICAR., UGC, CSIR,
DST, DBT and MOE since 1980.
I am indeed very happy to know that Dr.M.A.Haniffa, Director CARE produced more
than 40 Ph.Ds and among them, 18 Ph.Ds exclusively on murrel research. It is also gratifying to
note that considering monopoly in murrel research, Dr.Haniffa was given a sub project on “A
Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa (F.No. 1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22
August 2008)” by ICAR under NAIP to the tune of Rs.4 Crores. I am happy to know that Centre
for Aquaculture Research and Extension, the lead Consortium was given Best Appreciation
Certificate during the National meet on “Technological Innovations in Agriculture”, held at
NASC Complex, New Delhi from 21-22 May 2010.
Under the NAIP sub project, Dr.Haniffa and his research team produced 24 Video CDs,
published 39 articles and two books. Moreover, Two patents on „Murrel Cookies‟
(1227/DEL/2013 dt.30.04.2013) and „Murrel Dhal Powder‟ (3168/DEL/2013 dt.24/10/2013)
have been filed. Meanwhile, popularization of murrel fish foods has been made through three
festivals (Murrel Fish Food Expo‟ 2012, Nellai Fish Food Festival‟ 2013 and Nanjil Fish Food
Festival‟ 2013). Stakeholders including housewives, Fish Farmers, Fish Vendors, Self Help
Groups and Voluntary Organizations were motivated to start murrel culture by 15 training and 7
workshop.
I congratulate Dr.M.A.Haniffa and his research team for their commendable contribution
to Value Chain of Murrels in the Global scenario.
Rev.Dr.V.Gilburt Camillus, S.J.,
Consortium Leader and Principal,
St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous),
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu
PREFACE
Air breathing fishes form about 13% of marketable freshwater fishes in India and among
them, murrels commonly called snakeheads are highly priced due to taste, less intramuscular
spines and medicinal and therapeutic values. Among the murrels, the giant murrel Channa
marulius, the striped murrel Channa striatus, the spotted murrel Channa punctatus, and redline
murrel Channa diplogramme are widely preferred as edible fish due to their large size. Fish
farmers in India mostly culture major carps viz: rohu, catla and mrigal. Moreover, major carp
seeds have been introduced into lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in millions in India. Hence, major
carps are always available in local markets all over India, eventhough they fetch a very low price
and less consumer preference. Moreover, at present our fish farmers are crazy in exotic catfish
(Thai catfish and African catfish) culture eventhough they pose a great threat to biodiversity of
freshwater fishes. In India, established model farms are flourishing for herbivorous carps and
omnivorous penaeid shrimps, but such a system is lacking for air-breathing fishes especially
murrels.
The value chain of murrel farming is definitely an alternative choice for usual carp
culture and Prawn culture to get more profit as well as conservation of biodiversity. At this
crucial juncture, murrel farming will not only enhance the socio economic status of fish farmers
of our country but also help conservation of existing fish biodiversity. Unlike other culture
practices, murrel farming is ecofriendly without polluting land and water resources. Actually,
murrel farming is a very important value chain in Indian scenario and till date, there is no
difficulty in marketing of murrels due to consumers demand. Unfortunately, Indian fish farmers
are unable to culture murrels due to non availability of seeds as well as feed and lack of
knowledge on seed and feed production. Moreover, murrels are highly prone to diseases
especially Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS). They depend on fishermen for seed collection
from the wild, which is unpredictable due to monsoon failure. Hence seed production by
artificial means is necessary for availability of seeds throughout the year.
In recent years, Indian Government put a ban on fishermen to capture marine fishes for a
period of 45 days each in east coast and west coast. This creates not only non availability of
marine fish in the markets but also unacceptable escalation of price cautioning the need for
culture fisheries especially murrel farming to satisfy fish consumers.There is an urgent need to
popularize murrel culture among stakeholders by overcoming the constraints which could be
achieved by training and workshop by providing informations on seed production, larviculture,
feed formulation, live feed culture, growout culture, and prophylaxis and treatment of diseases.
I express my sincere thanks to Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for financial
assistance to the tune of Rs.4 crores to carry out the present project on “A Value chain on Murrel
Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa”. My thanks are due to Prof Dr.T.J Pandian, National
Professor and the Management of St.Xaviers College for encouragement and support.
I believe that this report would be of immerse help to Researchers, Fish Farmers, Fish
Vendors, SHG‟s, Policy Makers, Organisations and Unemployed youths.
Dr.M.A.Haniffa, PI
1
2
Executive Summary
Executive summary
Background Information:
In our country, carp culture is promoted everywhere whereas air breathing fish culture is
neglected. Among the air breathing fishes, murrels occupy the top most rank by fetching the
highest price (Rs. 500 – 700/-) due to taste, fewer intramuscular spines and medicinal quality but
farmers are unable to practice murrel culture due to lack of knowledge on seed and feed
production and disease management. Since murrels are air breathing, our shallow freshwater
systems are highly suitable for murrel culture. Fish farmers prefer African catfish and Thai
catfish for culture due to short term benefit even though they pose great threat to existing
biodiversity of freshwater fishes. At this juncture, diversification of carp culture by murrel
culture will definitely be an alternative to fish farmers to earn more profit.
Baseline Information on the Pre- Project Situation in the Project Area:
Baseline survey indicated that carp culture is practiced widely not only in Tamil Nadu but
all over India. Moreover, fish farmers are not familiar to murrel seed production, and culture
which are in high demand in whole South East Asia. In India, consumers demand for murrels is
more but their availability is not only less but also seasonal. This situation warrants the need of
murrel culture and the supply of murrels to markets for consumers.
Baseline survey also showed that the consumers prefer murrels as live fish and fish
vendors often meet huge loss due to heavy mortality. Moreover, they were not familiar to
preservation of murrels or processing of murrels. Fish farmers who practiced murrel culture often
met huge loss due to sudden outbreak of Epizootic Elcerative Syndrome (EUS) and they were
not familiar to prophylaxis or treatment of murrels. In recent years, Indian Government put a ban
on capture marine fisheries for a period of 45 days each in East Coast and West Coast resulting
in non availability of sea fish as well as unacceptable escalation of their price.
Work Proposed and its Execution Plan:
The present NAIP sub project was proposed
1. To refine and replicate mass seed production techniques to increase survival and upscaling of
murrel seed production at farmers level.
2. To standardize the procedure and process of producing mass culture of live feed organisms
and formulation of microencapsulated diet and semi moist feed for growout culture of
murrels.
3. To enhance the knowledge, skills and attitude of stakeholders in sustainable use of
stakeholders ponds, for murrel farming for their socio economic upliftment by training and
workshop.
4. To strengthen weaker chains like disease management and rectification of missing links viz :
transport as frozen/chilled flesh, preparation of fillet for ready to cook and ready to cook
products and application of anaesthetics for live fish transport.
5. To evaluate the medicinal value of murrels, herbal and probiotics incorporations in diets as
immunostimulators and growth promoters and to popularize murrel value products through
workshop and training.
3
Achievements:
1. Production technologies developed and adopted:
Seed Production Technology:
HCG was recommended to stakeholders for upscaling of murrel (Channa striatus) seed
production in their ponds. A single breeding set of striped murrel injected with HCG (2000
IU/Kg) produced 8000-12000 eggs. 1,07,889 murrels seeds were produced by St. Xavier‟s
College, Lead Consortium between 2009 and 2012. CIFA Bhuvaneswar, produced 2,63,258
murrel seeds from 2009 to 2013 and stakeholders produced 1,10,000 seeds.
Live Feed Culture & Feed Formulation Technology:
Rotifers were found to be an excellent feed for rearing post larvae and fry especially
during early stages while the cladocerens - Moina and Daphnia were recommended for
advanced fry. For mass culture of cladocerens, chicken manure was recommended as suitable
medium at 700ppm to produce 10,000 Ind./l. Similarly, copepods and rotifers were produced at
7,000 Ind./l and 10,000 Ind./l in fibre tanks of 10,000 l capacity.
Since there is no readymade feed for murrel in markets due to their carnivorous,
piscivorous and cannibalistic behaviour, NAIP sub- project research team formulated diet
containing fish meal (anchovy and jawala) : 60%, wheat flour :10%, rice flour : 10% and soya
flour-20% respectively with 43% of protein was prepared for murrels. Feed pellets prepared
using pelletizer ranged between 2.5-5.0 mm were readily accepted by murrel fingerlings.
Larviculture Technology:
Culture performance of larval snakehead (Channa striatus) was enhanced by feeding
them with cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornata, Moina micrura and Daphnia carinata), and
Artemia nauplii as individual and mixed diets. It was noticed that cannibalism was reduced at
different stages by providing prey of suitable size to the growing fish.
Incorporation of herbs Phyllanthus niruri, bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Almond
Terminalia catappa and aloe Aloe vera in diet resulted in better growth performance and
immunostimulation in Channa striatus fingerlings.
Growout Culture Technology:
Earthern ponds ranging from 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m with a stocking density
of 1/m2 were recommended for murrel culture. Usually, the culture period is about 8-10
months to obtain table size fish of 750g weight.
52 farmers of Tamilnadu harvested 27.67 tons of murrels and the harvest ranged from 0.1
ton – 5 tons/ha/yr with a profit range of Rs.30,000 to Rs. 15,00,000/ha/yr in large scale murrel
farming; whereas in small scale murrel farming using cement tank, in an area of 1,000 sq. feet,
one stakeholder produced 400 murrels (300kg) fetching Rs.1,50,000/ha/yr a breakthrough in
the histry of murrel culture
CIFA, Bhubaneshwar showed production of 1 ton/ha/yr -2.5 tons/ha/yr fetching a profit
ranging from Rs. 1.25 lakhs to Rs. 3.12 lakhs/ha/yr.
Murrel Disease Management Technology:
Regarding murrel disease management, crude extract of medicinal herbs - Wrightia
tinctoria was successfully used to prevent EUS occurrence and enhanced survival during
larviculture and growout culture. W. tinctoria was recommended to fish farmers due to the
4
antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogens (pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas
hydrophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aphanomyces invadans and
vibrio alginolyticus. Other measures for treatment of EUS included the application of medicinal
plant Coleus aromaticus and herbs, Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Aegel marmelos (stone apple) and
rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric).
Murrel Transport Technology:
For live murrel transport, 400-500 ppm of clove oil was recommended as sedative since
these concentrations do not cause irreversible changes on hematological/biochemical profiles
in Channa striatus. Aluminium drums (1.75*2*6 ft) of 100 l capacity suggested for transport
of 45 adult murrels (25 Kg) for 24 hours travel.
2. Process Technologies developed, adopted and commercialized:
Murrel Filleting Technology:
Consumers always prefer murrels as live and fish vendors meet heavy loss due to
mortality of murrels. Hence filleting technology was recommended to fish vendors to supply
fillets to consumrs for preparation of ready to eat and ready to cook products.
The CARE research team has filed two patents for Murrel Cookies and Murrel Dhall
Powder; Third patent on Murrel – Millet Mix in collaboration with Department of Food Science
and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore is under progress.
Human Health Management Technology
Murrels are widely preferred due to their medicinal value and recommended for treatment
of wound, ulcer, convalescence and arthritis. Muscle extracts of murrels showed antibacterial
activity against the enteric pathogens showing the zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0 mm -
24.6mm. Skin and Intestinal mucus of murrels also exhibited antibacterial activity.
The PUFA/ Saturated (P/S) ratio of Channa striatus fish oil is 0.69 which is higher than
the patin (Pangasius hypothalamus) with 0.67. On the otherhand, the ω-3/ω-6 ratio of Channa
striatus is 0.96 which is higher than the catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (0.25) and Patin (0.73)
indicating high nutritional value of murrel fillets suitable for children and old people.
Wound healing studies using wistar rats showed faster wound healing upon topical
application of Channa striatus crude extracts. Our results revealed that murrels are bio assets to
the country.
3. Rural industries established/commercialized: Nil
4. Patents (filed/granted):
Nutritional Cookie Composition and A Process for Preparing the Same; Filed (
1277/DEL/2013dt. 30.04.2013)
Process for Preparing Nutritionally Rich Dhal Powder and Its Composition; Filed
(3168/DEL/2013 dt.24/10/2013)
5. Publications: (Please refer Annexure I)
Research papers published: 23
Popular articles published: 14 (in English), 10 (in otherlanguages)
Books/book chapters published: Books: 4; Book Chapters: 9
Bulletins/brochures/leaflets published: 2
Training manuals published: 6
5
Film / CDs developed: 25
Coverage in press, TV, media: Newspaper articles: 40
6. Trainings undertaken and scientists/other staff trained (national/international): Nil
7. Trainings organized and farmers/other stake holders trained: 1119 farmers through 21
training and 12 workshop (Please refer pages 47-48)
8. Field demonstrations organized: 21 Training and 12 Workshop (Please refer pages 47-48)
9. Field day/farmer day/‟mela‟ organized: 4 (Please refer page 48)
10. Success stories: 16 (Please refer Annexure IV)
11. Self help groups/farmer groups developed: 11 (Please refer Annexure III)
12. Employment generation (man days/year):
S. No. Type of Employment Generation Employment Generation
up to End of Sub-project
Responsible
Partner
1. Seed production and Murrel farming by
farmers (entrepreneurship / self-
employment)
3,139 CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
2. Engagement of manpower (workman)
for murrel farming (man-days/year)
11,680 CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
13. Assets generation (equipments/implements procured, civil work done and revenue
generated):
Please refer Pages 54-60.
S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount
(Rs.`)
Responsible
Partner
1. By Supply of Murrel Fingerlings 2009 -
2010
5000 Lead Consortium –
CARE,SXC
14. Awards/honors: 12 (Please refer pages 60-61)
Key words:
Channa striatus, C. marulius, Murrel, Seed Production, HCG, Live Feed, Zooplankton,
Ceriodaphnia cornata, Miona micrura and Daphnia carinata, Larviculture, Pelleted Feed,
Growth Promotors, Immunostimulators, Growout culture, Fillet, Murrel Value Addition, Murrel
Cookies, Murrel Dhal Powder, Murrel Gel, EUS, Training, Workshop, Expo, Linkage, Live
Murrel Transport, Anesthesia and Murrel Medicinal Value.
6
Part-I: General Information of Sub-project
1. Title of the sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
2. Sub-project code: 4059
3. Component: 2
4. Date of sanction of sub-project: 22nd
August 2008
5. Date of completion: 30.06.2012
6. Extension if granted, from 01.07.2012 to 31.03.2014
7. Duration of the sub project: 01.09.2008 to 31.03.2014 (Five years and seven months)
8. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: Rs.454.76/- lakhs
9. Total expenditure of the sub-project:Rs.405.11589/- lakhs
10. Consortium leader:
(Name of CL, Designation, Organization Address, Phone & Fax, E-mail, Website)
St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu - 627 002
Phone: 0462-2560744/4264301; Fax: 0462-2561765;
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.stxavierstn.edu.in
Name Duration
1) Rev.Dr.S.Alphonse Manickam S.J. ,Principal CL November 2008- May 2012
2) Rev.Dr.A.Joseph S.J., Principal CL June 2012- May 2013
3) Rev.Dr.V.Gilburt Camillus S.J., Principal CL May 2013 – March 2014
11. List of consortium partners:
Name of CPI/
CCPI with
designation
Name of organization and address,
phone & fax, email
Duration
(From-To)
Budget
( Lakhs)
CPI Dr.M.A.Haniffa
Director
Centre for Aquaculture research and
Extension, St. Xavier's College,
Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu - 627 002
Phone: 0462-2560670 Fax: 0462-
2560670
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.caresxc.org
November 2008 -
March 2014
316.010
CCPI1 Dr.A.John De
Britto
Associate
Professor
Department of Plant Biology and
Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College
Phone:0462-2560813
Fax: 0462-2561765
Email: [email protected]
November 2008 -
March 2009
1.39925
CCPI2 Dr.K.Altaff
Principal
The New College (TNC), Chennai,
Tamil Nadu 600014.
Phone: 044-28351050;
Email: [email protected]
November 2008-
March 2012
26.191
CCPI 3 Dr.A.K.Sahu Central Institute of Freshwater 2008-September 2013
7
Principal
Scientist
Aquaculture (CIFA), Kausalya Ganga,
Bhubaneshwar
Phone: 0674-2465446
Email:[email protected]
116.69
CCPI 4 Dr.Kuldeep
Kumar
Senior Scientist
2008-March 2013
CCPI 4 Dr.Rajesh
Kumar
Scientist
2008-September 2013
as Co-PI and October
2013-March 2014 as
CCPI
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
12. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (` in Lakhs):
CPI/ CCPI Name, designation &
address)
Total
budget
sanctioned
Fund released
(up to closing
date)
Fund utilized
(up to closing
date)
CPI Dr.M.A.Haniffa 317.41 287.11776 285.004
(* Upto 15th
Jan 2014)
CCPI1 Dr.K.Altaff. 26.191 20.72806 22.67189
CCPI 2 Dr.A.K.Sahu,
Dr. K. Kumar, Pr. Scientist
Dr. A. K. Sahu, Pr. Scientist
Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Scientist
CIFA, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar- 751002, Odisha
116.69 99.73 97.44*
(*Up to 15th
Jan 2014)
Total
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
8
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction (Give background information for taking up this sub-project)
Our country is gifted with ponds and tanks covering 2.36 million hectares (ha), but 0.8-0.9
million ha only has been utilized for aquaculture that too mostly for carp culture. In 2008, the
annual demand for carps and air breathing fishes in Tamil Nadu is about 6-7 lakhs tons and 3-4
tons respectively. But the inland fish production in Tamil Nadu was estimated as 1,60,172 tons/
year. Out of this air breathing fishes such as murrels and catfishes comprise hardly less than
10%. When compared to annual demand for murrels of 3 lakhs tons, the existing supply by
capture fisheries was about 0.16 lakh tons only (< 20%) in 2007-2008. Air breathing fishes form
about 13% of the marketable surplus of freshwater fishes in India and among them murrels are
highly priced (Rs.100-200/kg in 2007-2008; Rs.200-300/kg in 2008-2009; Rs.400-450/ kg in
2010-2011; Rs.550/kg in 2012 and Rs.600-700/kg by 2014) for their quality, taste, flavour and
nutritive, recuperative and medicinal properties in the states of Tamil Nadu, Assam, Punjab,
West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh (CIFRI Bulletin No.53, 1988). Considerable scope exists for
augmenting the supply of murrels to markets/ tourist hotels and ultimately exports by
undertaking large scale culture in our country.
Murrels are air breathers and survive in oxygen depleted water bodies and hence are suitable
for profitable culture in shallow systems. Murrels are sold immediately after capture as live fish
due to consumer‟s preference. About 28 to 30 Channa species have been reported in the global
scenario and 8 to 10 species in India. Giant murrel and striped murrel are regarded as excellent
table fish due to their large size in India as well as in South East Asia. Unfortunately, Indian fish
farmers are unable to culture murrels due to non availability of seeds as well as feed. Moreover,
larviculture of murrels is a Herculean task, since murrels are Carnivorous, Piscivorous and
Cannibalistic. When compared to Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam and Philippines, we are far
backward in murrel farming. Regarding Production to Consumption System (PCS), the present
supply of murrels from the wild does not fulfill the demand of consumers. Hence, the present
project deals with refinement of seed production techniques by R&D and upscaling of seed
production in stakeholder‟s ponds. It also deals with larviculture of murrels by live feed culture
(Daphnia, Moina and Fairy Shrimp) and microencapsulated diet. Since, growout culture was not
practiced due to lack of readymade feed, it was proposed to formulate semi-moist feed using
agro-waste (chicken intestine, trash fish and fish waste) for murrel culture. The fish farmers who
have attempted murrel farming often encounter failures due to sudden outbreak of diseases like
Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS). Hence, it was proposed to supplement the feed for young
ones as well as adults by incorporating medicinal herbs and probiotics as immunostimulants and
growth promotors. The preference for dead murrels is less and hence value addition of murrels is
proposed for income generation. The outcome of this unique value chain on murrels by
production of seeds and table size fish will definitely help the socially weaker sections especially
the fish farmers and unemployed youths to generate income and to overcome malnutrition and to
conserve the threatened murrel species due to anthropogenic stresses by captive breeding.
9
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives
Refinement of techniques for mass seed production of murrels (R&D)
Standardization of larviculture techniques (hatchling to post larva and postlarva to fry and
fingerling) (R&D)
Mass culture of live feed (Moina, Daphnia and fairy shrimps) and microencapsulated diet a
vital link for mass production of murrels (R&D).
Formulation of semi-moist feed by incorporating medicinal herbs and probiotics (R&D)
Standardization of semi-moist pelleted feed using chicken intestine, trash fish and fish
waste (R&D)
Organization of target community into Self Help Groups and their network for production
and marketing
Transport of live murrel fish to nearby markets and processed ones (as frozen) to
other states and ultimately for export
Popularization of murrel farming among stakeholders for income generation by training and
workshop
Objectives for Extension Period
Preparation of murrel fish oil for treatment of arthritis, wound healing and convalescence
Antimicrobial and Antinociceptive properties of mucus, oil and fillets
Murrel cetrimide cream for treatment of skin infection
Preparation of Gelatin from murrel skin
Preparation of Omega-3 Syrup using murrel fillets
Preparation of packed food products viz ready to serve products (e.g. Murrel fish biscuits and
cakes, Murrel sandwiches) and ready to cook products (e.g. Murrel-millet mix).
Soup preparation from head, bones and fins of murrels
Utilization of murrel skin in wallet and footwear industries
Preparation of manure using fish wastes
3. Sub-project Technical Profile
(Indicate briefly objective-wise work plan, monitoring indicators, expected output and
expected outcome)
S.
no
Major activities
Striped murrel - C. striatus and
Giant murrel- C. marulius
Verifiable Indicators 1st
Yr
2nd
Yr
3rd
Yr
4th
Yr
5th
Yr
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1.1 Collection of murrel brood stock
C. striatus & C. marulius from
rivers and wetlands of Tamil
Nadu and Kerala
1.2 Brood stock rearing
No. of brood stock
collected and reared.
10
1.3 Using the perfected techniques
of induced breeding and artificial
fertilization in C. striatus & C.
marulius
Adequate no. of fertilized
eggs generated/year and,
upscaling of seed
production at fish farmer‟s
level.
1.4 Larviculture techniques for C.
striatus and C. marulius
No. of C. striatus and C.
marulius fingerlings
produced and amount of
daphnia and moina
produced.
2 2 Demonstration of growout
culture of murrels in 22 farm ponds
Annual harvest of striated
and giant murrels in
number and weight;
percentage of survival. 30,
000 murrels (25 tonnes)
and ultimately 100 tonnes.
3 3.1 Use of medicinal herbs
incorporated in murrel feeds as
immunoprophylactics by
Department of Plant Biology and
Biotechnology, St.Xavier‟s
College.
Periodical growth
measurements; periodical
health assessment by
recording mortality and
disease.
3.2 Use of poultry waste (chicken
intestine) and fish waste as major
ingredients and to formulate a feed
in semi moist form to ensure fastest
growth and survival
Gut content analysis;
periodical measurements;
food conversion ratio
3.3 Transport of fish as live and
frozen
No of fish transported and
sold
4 Training researchers, fish farmers
and other stakeholders.
No. of stakeholders/
trainers trained/ year
No. of stakeholders starting
murrel culture/ year
Production of Pamphlets,
Manuals, Video CDs and
DVDs
Output Outcome*
Production of 30,000 post larvae at SXC and 1,00,000 –
10,00,000 murrel seeds from the second year to fourth
year in fish farmers ponds
Refinement of mass seed
production techniques and
upscaling of seed production at
farmers level and development of
11
larviculture techniques
Mass production of live feed (1kg -5kg/day) from the
second year to fourth year at CARE Aqua farm
Refinement of mass culture
techniques of daphnia, moina and
fairy shrimp and production of
microencapsulated diet.
Standardization of semi-moist pelleted feed by using
chicken intestine and fish waste and application of
medicinal herbs as growth promoters and immune-
modulators
Production of semi moist pelleted feed 5kg/day for fry
to 50 kg/day for grow out at CARE and supply to feed
murrels in farm ponds
Transport of murrels as live fish as well as frozen flesh Transport of live fish using
anesthetics and dead murrels as
fillet
One hundred fish farmers of Tamil Nadu and
Bhubaneswar will be trained every year
Training fish farmers for seed
production and larval rearing and
growout culture
Murrel farming techniques by fish farmers and
stakeholders; 30000 of striped murrels (25 tons) in the
second year initially and 100 tons of striped and giant
murrels in the last year in Tirunelveli district and 20000
giant murrels (20 tons) in Orissa in the second year and
ultimately 100 tons in the last year
*Please refer section 5 for details of outcome of the sub-project from 2009- 2014
4. Baseline Analysis
(Baseline data on the pre-project situation supported by tables, charts, photographs)
The aim of the present project is to popularize murrel culture by identifying and rectifying
the various missing links. The data were collected through personal interviews from farmers of
Tamil Nadu and Khurda, Puri and Nayagadh districts of Orissa using well-structured
questionnaire during initial period of the project. The cost of murrel/kg varied from Rs.150/- to
Rs.200/- and above in our project operational area. The price of murrel varied with respect to the
seasons also. The price of murrel was cheaper in summer season and higher in rainy season.
39.16% respondents stated that the normal price of murrel/kg costs about Rs. 150/-, 32.5%
reported that the cost comes around Rs.200/- and 28.33% stated that the price exceeds beyond Rs
200/- (Table 1).
Regarding the availability of murrel seeds for culture, out of 120 respondents, only 30%
practice murrel culture and among them 18.33% get murrel seeds from the nearby areas, 8.33%
from natural ponds and only 3.33% produce murrel seeds of their own (Table 2). This indicates
that although murrel culture is a profitable business, the fish farmers were not aware of seed
production and murrel culture techniques.
Among the respondents, 49.17% have stated that the main problem in murrel culture is the
non availability of seeds. 39.17% have reported that they are unaware of murrel culture
12
Primary Occupations
Fisheries
Animal husbandry
Agriculture
Agri. labor
others
Ownership of the ponds
Private
Community
Both Priv.& Comm.
No Pond
techniques and 11.66% have mentioned that they are not aware about the diseases and treatment
measures.
Table 1: Cost of murrel in selected districts Table 2: Availability of murrel seeds
Murrels are edible for their low fat, high protein and fewer intra muscular spines and
medicinal qualities. Unlike other fishes, the value added products derived from murrels were not
popularly known among the public and farmers. Murrel value added products were also not
available in the market. In this regard, the baseline survey undertaken among the 120
respondents indicated that only 20% were aware of murrel value added products and remaining
80% have no idea about murrel value added products.
About 55% of the respondents were literate and most of them had primary education. The
primary occupation of the respondents was agriculture (33%), agriculture labourer (36%),
fisheries (9%), animal husbandry (5%) and others. This indicated that most of the respondents
were dependent on the agricultural activity. Though they have very good resources in the form of
ponds and tanks, the fishery activity was comparatively less. Some of the fish farmers were
involved in the rearing and sale of carp fry and fingerlings. Most of the farmers in Khurda and
Puri District of orissa are small or marginal farmers. About 48% of the respondents were having
their own private ponds and most of them are using it for carp seed rearing and culture in
conventional way. The community ponds were owned by 20% of the respondents. Most of the
community ponds were leased out by women self-help groups (WSHG).
5. Research Achievements with Summary
(Give detailed technical progress partner-wise, highlighting the achievements in terms of
targets fixed for each activity and the impact of sub-project. Present statistically analyzed data
through tables/graphs. Attach good quality photographs. Present overall research achievements
Cost in
Rs.
Respondents
No of persons %
150 47 39.16
151 – 200 39 32.50
> 200 34 28.33
Total 120 100
Source Respondents
No of persons %
Supply centres 22 18.3
Production by own 4 3.33
Natural ponds 10 8.33
Total 36 100
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
13
with critical discussion of results and conclusions, as if for publication in a journal. Explain the
variation in light of the scientific technological trends, socioeconomic and agro-ecological
conditions)
1. Seed Production and Upscaling
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, (SXC), Tamil Nadu, Lead Institute &
CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
Murrels commonly called snakeheads fetch the highest price (Rs. 500 -700/Kg) among
freshwater fishes due to taste, less intra muscular spines and medicinal and therapeutic value.
Unfortunately, Indian fish farmers are unable to culture murrels due to non-availability of seeds
and lack of knowledge of seed production. They depend on fishermen for seed collection from
the wild which is unpredictable due to monsoon failure. Moreover, supply of seeds by fishermen
is only during southwest monsoon (June to August) and northeast monsoon (October to
December). Hence, induced breeding technique is necessary, as a boon to fish farmers for
availability of seeds throughout the year.
Research team of CARE (SXC, Tamil Nadu), the lead consortium, succeeded in induced
breeding of striped murrel (Channa striatus), spotted murrel (C. punctatus), dwarf snakehead
(C. gachua) and redline snakehead (C. diplogramme) using natural (HCG, pituitary hormone)
and synthetic hormones (LHRH, Ovaprim, Ovatide, Ova FH) by intramuscular injection to
brooders (each set: one male and two females). Two trials using fibre tanks of different capacity
in triplicates were made to observe the effects of different doses of HCG on induced spawning of
C. striatus. Fish which received a dosage of 6000 IU/ Kg body weight showed ovulation after
19- 29 h post injection. Fertilization rate was observed as 40-80% and hatching rate varied from
55- 80% which occurred within 22 – 36 h at water temperature of 27 - 29º C. The overall
breeding performance and the successful development of protocols for captive breeding is likely
to pave the way towards commercialization of the technology for upscaling of murrel seeds in
stakeholders farms.
The CIFA, Bhubaneswar, the partner institute, had developed spontaneous breeding
protocols for murrels (C. striatus) by creating natural ecological environment in pond. The eggs
were laid in the nests made by the fish biting the plants. These eggs and hatchlings were
collected and reared in hatchery. It was observed that about 20-30% of brood stocks responded in
naturally created environment. Each batch consisted of nearly 3000-4500 eggs or hatchlings. The
hatching time varied from 30-50 hrs depending upon temperature. The size of the hatchlings
ranged between 4.2- 4.4 mm.
In another study, following HCG injections (2000 – 6000 IU), after 6 hr, C. striatus became
active and frequently left the bottom swimming in the water column. Males arrived at activity
peaks 11 – 13 h following HCG injections, 2 – 4 h ahead of the females (14- 16 h). The
important observation was that the male was more actively involved in the courtship and
spawning. The male was hitting the snout and vent region of the female more frequently.
Courtship behavior indicative of spawning such as pairing, chasing and touching bodies was
observed. Brooders were found to “cruise together” making X shaped appearance (which is a
common behavior of edible murrels) in water column or frequently come together prior to
releasing eggs or milt. At the time of courtship, the male starts to tilt its body close to genital
14
papilla of female and the breeders join together which ultimately resulted in spawning after about
26± 4 h duration followed by external fertilization. The fertilized eggs were yellow in colour
which usually floated and adhered to each other forming an egg mass of 10 – 15 cm in diameter,
whereas the unfertilized eggs were white in colour, non-adherent and were scattered throughout
the tank.
Aggressive behavior was shown by male parent who remained curving around the eggs and
showed circular movement fanning the eggs with its pectoral fins. After 24 h, fibre tanks were
found full of hatchlings black in colour. Both parents showed care for hatchlings by guarding
them right from the stage of fertilized egg till the fry stage. Though C. striatus showed biparental
care, it was observed that the male parent was more vigilant towards their young ones. It was
noted that the eggs guarded by the parents remained clean and showed good development and
reached post larval stage with high survival rate suggesting the importance of parental care to
increase the hatching rate and protection of eggs from fungal infection and predation.
Fecundity of 8500 – 28500 eggs were obtained from C. striatus weighing 550 - 1150 gm
(length 32.02 – 50.8 cm) from fish collected from Thamirabarani river (8º 42‟ N; 7º 24‟ E). The
highest Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) of 3.53 was noticed in fish weighing 780 g and low GSI of
2.50 in fish with 560 g. However, large sized fish (1150 g) showed low GSI (2.72) whereas the
less weighed fish (780 g) showed a high GSI of 3.53. A positive relationship was observed
between the fecundity and body length, body weight, gonad length and weight.
Based on the studies conducted by CARE research team, HCG was recommended to
stakeholders for upscaling of murrel seed production in their ponds. From a single breeding set
of striped murrel injected with HCG (2000 IU / Kg) produced 8,000 – 12,000 eggs. The year
wise seed production details are as follows:
Table 3: Year wise Seed Production of CARE and CIFA
Years SXC, Tamil
Nadu
At CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
By Stakeholders Total
2009-10 11,361 41,000 - 52,361
2010-11 36,500 37,820 22,500 96,820
2011-12 60,028 46,938 35,000 1,41,966
2012-13 NA 75,000 15,000 90,000
2013-14 NA 62,500 37,500 1,00,000
Total 1,07889 2,63,258 1,10,000 4,81,147
*NA- No Seed Production activity for SXC, the Lead Institute during Extension Period
Expected Impact of the project:
For production of 1 lakh seeds - Brood fish maintenance pond (0.10 acre), Breeding pond
(0.25 acre), Nursery tanks (0.50 acre), Fry rearing tanks (0.65 acre), a land of 1.5 acres is
recommended.
For small scale production of 10,000 fingerlings, 8-9 hatcheries (each 3ft diameter with 3 ft
depth) are necessary requiring a total area of 289 sq ft. The expenditure involves Brood
Fish, Feed, Hormone, Plankton Culture Tanks, Hatcheries, etc and the net profit is
Rs.65,000/- per year for the production of 10,000 fingerlings in an area of 289 sq.ft.
15
2. Mass culture of Live feed
Responsible Partner: TNC, Chennai - Partner Institute
The eggs of striped murrel C. striatus hatched out within 24 h and the hatchlings started
taking exogenous feed from third day onwards. The growth and survival of hatchlings depend
much on the type of feed and hence live feed culture occupies an important role in murrel
farming to decide the success of farmers. Live feed comprise phytoplankton, zooplankton,
earthworm, annelids and molluscs. Provision of suitable live feed is the bottleneck in rearing
larvae of C. striatus. Rotifers were found to be an excellent feed for rearing post larvae and fry
especially during early stages, while the Cladocerans, Moina and Daphnia were recommended
for the advanced fry and fingerlings.
As the cladocerans are considered to be suitable live feed
for fish larvae, for finding a cheap and suitable medium for
culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta studies were carried out for 21
days using chicken manure whereupon C. cornuta population
ranged between 50±2 and 10,232±202 Ind/L (Individuals/litre).
The culture peaked on the 17th
day producing the maximum
density of 10,232± 202 Ind/L suggesting chicken manure as a
suitable medium at 700 ppm for mass culture of cladocerans.
The branchipod Moina micrura was mass cultured using
three different concentrations (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm)
of chicken manure in the medium for 21 days. The maximum
density of 1694.44± 9.68 was obtained on the 9th
day of the
inoculation at the concentration of 250 ppm and the number of
plankton declined gradually afterwards. In 500 ppm
concentration, the maximum density (7296.88 ± 54.35) appeared
on the 11th
day while in the third concentration, maximum
density (1510 ± 15.27) was observed on the 14th
day of
inoculation. Young Moina are less than 400µm in size,
approximately of the same size of the adult rotifers.
CARE and TNC research team also succeeded in
Mass culture of Zooplankton,
Culture of cladocerans and copepods (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura and Daphnia
carinata and Thermocyclops decipiens) and density of zooplankton /litre was reported for
Cladocerans (8,000/l), Copepods – (7,000/l), Rotifers (10,000/l) in fiber tanks of 10,000 litres
capacity.
3. Larviculture Technology
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
Rearing of murrels from the post larvae to the fingerling stage needs extra care and is a
Herculean task. Three days old post larvae were fed on rotifers for 15 days. Apart from
zooplankton, the larvae were also fed on other live feed organisms like blood worms
(Chironomous larvae), tubifex and earthworms. Boiled chicken intestine paste and fish paste
were supplied as feed for the larvae from the 16th
day onwards instead of live feed. From 30th
day
Fig 4 Population density of D. carinata during
different days of culture at different feeding
rates (Mean ± S.E.)
Fig 3 Population density of Ceriodaphnia
cornuta during different days of culture at
different feeding rates (Mean ± S.E.)
16
onwards, the fry were fed with cooked and minced chicken intestine and semi-moist pellets and
were later trained on pelleted feed (semimoist) during fingerling stage.
Dietary herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri, resulted better growth performance and
immunostimulation in C. striatus fingerlings. All growth and hematological parameters increased
in response to supplementary diet P. niruri. In P. niruri fed group, the mean weight gain (5.166
g) and specific growth rate (3.63) were the highest when compared to the control group (2.915).
Incorporation of P. niruri diet increased haemoglobin (Hb) (26.85%), red blood cell count (43
±0.38), white blood cell count (29 ±0.25) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
(33.23g/dl). haematocrit (36.41 ±4.2), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (2.81) and mean
corpuscular volume (8.46fl) also increased. P. niruri acted as a potent immunostimulant, by
inducing the blood parameters in C. striatus.
In the next study, diets were prepared using the feed additives viz: bacterium Bacillus
subtilis, Indian almond Terminalia catappa and aloe Aloe vera. C. striatus fingerlings fed on
control diet showed 2.881g weight gain, whereas those supplied with T. catappa diet gained
6.319g body weight followed by A. vera diet (2.915g) and B. subtilis diet (2.894g). The specific
growth rate (3.96) and condition factor (0.8) of T. catappa fed groups were higher than that of
other supplemented fed groups. During post A. hydrophila challenge, highest survival rate was
observed in Aloe fed group (100%) followed by B. subtilis (90%), T. catappa (90%) and control
(60%) fed groups. Survival of striped murrel fed diets supplemented with aloe was the greatest
post challenge with A. hydrophila. Survival of striped murrel fed diets supplemented with
B. subtilis and Indian almond was greater than that of fish fed on control diet. The improved
survival suggests that production of metabolites by probiotics suppressed the pathogenicity of
A. hydrophila and ultimately resulted in better survival and growth of the host.
The cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities of bacteria were isolated and
enumerated from the gastrointestinal tract of murrel (C. striatus) fingerlings (22±0.43g) fed with
herbals like Murraya Koenjii, Sesbania grandiflora and Amaranthus thandu (I – III), probiotics
like B. coagulans, B. subtilis and mixed probiotics (IV – VI) and chicken intestine diet (VII)
with group VIII as control. At the end of culture, the maximum average growth of group – IV
fish was higher (3.51±0.20) than that of the control – VIII (2.01±0.20). At the end of
Fig 5 Weight gain (gm) of C. striatus
fingerlings fed on P. niruri diet
Fig 6 Effect of feed additives on weight gain in C.
striatus fingerlings fed different feeds
17
experimental period, the survival in group VII was 98% whereas in control, it was 90%. The
cellulolytic acitivity was higher in group-IV fishes (93.2±0.81Umg-1
), than control group
(5.9±0.84Umg-1). The amylolytic and the proteolytic activities were higher i.e., 3.3±0.53Umg
-1
and 53.4±0.31 Umg-1
in group III respectively and the differences were statistically significantly
(p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that the chicken intestine and B. subtilis have
better impact on murrel culture
Responsible Partner: TNC, Chennai - Partner Institute
Culture performance of larval snakehead (Channa striatus) was examined by feeding them
with cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornata, Miona micrura and Daphnia carinata), and Artemia
nauplii as individual and mixed diets for 28 days. Fish fed Artemia nauplii, C. cornata and
mixed cladocerans showed higher weight gain (15.88± 0.11 mg), (9.72± 0.04 mg) and (10.0 ±
0.06 mg) respectively during the first week, whereas fish fed C. cornata and M. micrura
showed better weight gain (12.88± 0.21 mg) and (11.90±0.09 mg) respectively during the
second week. Less cannibalism was observed in fishes fed with mixed cladocerans in the last
two weeks. Use of cladocerans for early larval rearing of C. striatus will reduce the
expenditures met on seed production, as the nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia extensively used in
hatcheries are exotic and highly priced resulting in
higher cost of seed production. It was noticed that
cannibalism was reduced at different stages by
providing prey of suitable size to the growing fish.
Feeding trials were conducted for rearing C.
striatus fry using different feeding regimes for 30
days viz: fish paste, chicken intestine paste,
chopped prawn, cladocerans, cladocerans with
chicken paste and chopped prawn with cladocerans.
Fishes were fed ad libitum twice a day. Significantly high survival rate (90%) and better weight
gain (354.55± 43.79%) were observed in the fry fed on chopped prawn with cladocerans
followed by those fed on cladocerans with chicken intestine paste (336.88± 44.25%). High
mortality was recorded in fry fed with fish paste and chicken intestine paste without
cladocerans. Hence, the importance of live feed in the survival and growth of murrel fry is
inevitable.
Feeding experiments were conducted for the postlarvae of C. staritus with two different
live feeds - copepods (Thermocyclops decipiens) and cladocerans (C. cornuta and M. micrura)
individually and in mixture at the rate of 500±50 Ind./L for 30 days. Results indicated better
weight gain (951.85±28.77%) and survival (92%) of postlarvae fed with mixed live food than
individual live feed organisms.
Fry and fingerlings were fed with four types of feed viz., chicken intestine, fish waste,
chicken intestine & fish waste together (50:50) and zooplankton (T. decipiens, C. cornuta & M.
micrura ) at 5% BW to examine their effects on survival and growth for 30 days. Better weight
gain of 115.32 ±1.35g for chicken intestine feed in case of fingerlings and 253±1.67 g for live
Fig 7 Weight gain in C. striatus larvae fed different feeds
in different weeks
18
feed in case of fry were observed suggesting the preference of live feed by fry and chicken
intestine by fingerlings over other feeds.
Responsible Partner: CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
The low survival is a major problem in larval rearing of murrels. Feeding started 72 h after
hatching with micro zooplanktons especially rotifers. Nursery rearing has always been preferred
in concrete tank for high recovery and better management of this species. Size heterogeneity and
cannibalism are prominent during seed rearing. Hence periodic segregation and separate rearing
of same size group is necessary to achieve good survival. About 2-3% of the hatchlings turns
into shooters and take heavy toll on smaller ones. Survival in the nursery (spawn to fry) ranges
from 50-60% over a period of 20-25 days.
Fingerling rearing is carried out in concrete tanks with live feed (insects, tubifex,
earthworms and small prawns); they readily accepted boiled chicken viscera/trash fish: rice bran
(3:1) as supplementary feed preferably in dough form. Protein requirement for fingerlings was
about 40-42 %. Survival from fry to fingerlings is 40-50%. Furthermore, during the seed rearing
either from larvae to
fry or fry to
fingerling, periodic
removal of bigger
ones is an essential
process to avoid
cannabalism to get
high survival.
Therefore, it is
necessary to net the
tank at weekly
interval and check
them for shoot fry / fingerling and culture them separately.
4. Pelleted Feed Technology
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
There is no readymade feed for murrels in market, since they are carnivorous, piscivorous
and cannibalistic. Formulated diet containing fish meal (anchovy and jawala) 60%, wheat flour
10%, rice flour 10% and soya flour 20% respectively with 43% of protein was prepared for
murrels.Feed pellets prepared using pelletizer ranged between 2.5 -5.0 mm were readily accepted
by murrel fingerlings.
Antibiotics play an important role in the disease management of aquaculture practices;
however antibiotic resistance develops readily in pathogens following antibiotic treatment.
Medicinal herbs play an alternative role to tackle this problem. To enhance the survival and
growth and to improve the health of the fingerlings, the pellets have been incorporated with
herbs (Phyllanthus niruri, Aloe vera, Terminalia catappa, etc) and probiotics (Bacillus subtilis,
Saccharomyces cervisiae, Lactobacillus helveticus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. sporogens,
Candida utilis etc).
Fig 8 Survival
of
murrel
seed during
different
stages of seed
rearing
19
Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of eight medicinal plants (Ocimum sanctum,
Psidium guajava, punica granatum, Tinospora cardifolia, Withania sominifera, Allium sativum,
Terminalia arjuna and Mentha arvensis) against the common fish pathogen Aeromonas
hydrophila. Among the eight medicinal plant extracts T. cardifolia (0.780mg/ml) and W.
sominifera (1.560mg/ml) showed a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity and least MIC and
MBC values against A. hydrophila. All the other herbal extracts showed a moderate antibacterial
activity against the test pathogen. The MIC values for T.cardifolia and W.sominifera are
estimated as 0.780mg/ml and 1.560mg/ml respectively and were suggested for treating diseases
caused by A. hydrophila in aquaculture practices. Leaf powder of T. cardifolia (5 g/Kg feed) and
root powder of W. sominifera incorporated in fish feed (25g/Kg feed) resulted in cent percent
survival of C. striatus fingerlings.
In another study, fifteen selected plant species belonging to Lamiaceae and Apocynaceae
were evaluated and against the fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. The antagonistic effect of
the methanolic extracts of Coleus aromaticus of Lamiaceae and Tabernaemontana divaricata of
Apocynaceae were found to be most effective against A. hydrophila. Regarding Lamiaceae,
C. aromaticus, Mentha arvensis and Leucas aspera exhibited lower MIC value of 12.5 mg/ml
with inhibition zones of 10.33 mm, 9.67 mm and 9.33 mm respectively. T. divaricata of
Apocynaceae showed MIC of 12.5 mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 7.33 mm whereas
Catharanthus roseus at 25 mg/ml exhibited an inhibition zone of 9.67mm and Rauvolfia
tetraphylla at 50mg/ml showed an inhibition zone of 9.33mm. Considering overall performance,
C. aromaticus was found to be the most effective antagonistic agent against A. hydrophila.
5. Growout Culture
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
Earthen ponds ranging from 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m with a stocking density of
1/m2
were suggested suitable for murrel culture. Before stocking, the pond was fertilized using
organic manure, viz. cow-dung and poultry waste. Water quality parameters may not be a serious
factor, since murrels are air breathing and survive in oxygen depleted water bodies. For
commercial murrel culture, earthen ponds of various dimensions (depending on land availability)
could be recommended. Once the fingerlings were trained for feeding on semi- moist or pelleted
feed (consisting of fish meal, soy flour, wheat flour, rice flour and tapioca), they were introduced
into the culture ponds. At present, murrel farmers supply the feed as dough in trays and gunny
bags. ICAR-NAIP Research team has trained murrel fingerlings to take pelleted feed at CARE
Aquafarm and stakeholders farms. Usually the culture period is about 8 - 10 months to obtain
table size fish of 750g weight. It is better to harvest before one year to avoid excess cost of feed.
Under the subproject, 52 farmers practiced murrel culture in Tamil Nadu and they harvested
murrels in a total area of 266.56 ha with a production of 27.67 tons in Tamil Nadu. Murrel
farmers harvested 100 Kg table size murrel/ha. The market price of table size murrel varied from
Rs.280/- from the inception of the project to Rs.700/- by 2013 depending upon the area, water
availability and demand for murrels.
20
Table 4 Year wise Table size Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu
Year No. of
farmers
harvested
Total
Area
(ha)
Harvested
Murrels
(tons)
Income
Generated
(Rs.)
Production
in tons/ ha/
yr
Income
generated
per ha/ yr
2010-2011 19 250 17.34 33,51,450/- 0.069 13,405/-
2011-2012 20 7.74 5.73 16,13,000 0.740 2,08,398/-
2012-2013 13 7.92 4.6 13,26,200 0.580 1,67,450/-
The length-weight relationship of captured (wild) and cultured C. striatus was compared
using statistical tools. Significant (p<0.05) variations were recorded when the length and weight
of wild Channa striatus collected from Nagercoil was compared with cultured C. striatus of
CARE, Araikulam, Kaliyaoor, and Veeralaperunselvi. The length and weight of Nagercoil wild
C. striatus was 40.36 cm and 653.5 g which significantly (p<0.05) varied from the length and
weight of CARE (32.9 cm and 501.16 gm), Araikulam (38.03cm and 583.50 gm), Kaliyaoor
(35.56 cm and 410.05 gm) and Veeralaperunselvi (39.13 cm and 579.50 gm) samples. Similarly,
the Nagercoil wild C. striatus significantly (p<0.05) differed from wild C. striatus of
Melapalayam. The variations are represented graphically as Y and R2
values in fig. 9 – 12
indicating that the captured wild striped murrels gained more weight than those of the cultured
murrels.
Fig 9 Length – Weight relationship of wild C. striatus
purchased from Nagercoil fish Market
Fig 10 Length – Weight relationship of wild C.
striatus purchased from Melapalayam fish Market
Fig 11 Length – Weight relationship of C. striatus
cultured at CARE, Palayamkottai
Fig 12 Length – Weight relationship of C. striatus
cultured at Arasan Aquafarm,
21
The length and weight of four wild species of C. striatus from Melapalayam were 43.3
cm and 651.5 g which significantly (p<0.05) varied from the length and weight of CARE (32.9
cm and 501.16 gm), Araikulam (38.03cm and 583.50 gm), Kaliyavoor (35.56 cm and 410.05
gm) and Veeralaperunselvi (39.13 cm and 579.50 gm) cultured individuals. Similarly the
Melapalayam wild C. striatus significantly (p<0.05) differed when compared with wild
C. striatus of Nagercoil (df = 29; F = 2.130; p = 0.036). Both captured samples (Nagercoil and
Melapalayam) and one cultured sample (Arasan Aqua Farm) were positively allometric in their
growth (Fig.9, 10 and 12), while C. striatus cultured at CARE was negatively allometric
(Fig. 11). The respective exponential equations are: wild samples collected from Nagercoil
(WT=14.34L+26.50), Melapalayam (WT=14.59 L+20.39), and C. striatus cultured at CARE
Aquafarm (WT=7.966L+5.499) and Arasan Aquafarm (WT=7.966L+5.499) are given in Fig. 11
and 12. Graphical representation of the condition factors of wild and cultured C. striatus is
shown in Fig. 13.
Responsible Partner: CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
CIFA, Bhubaneswar took the challenge and standardized the growout farming
technology of murrels under the NAIP project. The brief description of growout culture of
murrels technology is as follows. Ponds with steep dyke and size-0.1-0.5 ha are preferably
used. The recommended stocking density for grow-out under monoculture is 10,000
fingerlings/ha of the size 10-20 g. Fishes are fed boiled poultry viscera/trash fish mixed with
rice bran (7:3). It is also advisable to promote inherent food production in the pond such as
insects, weed fishes etc. for better production. The feeding rate of 2-5% of their body weight is
given and it is gradually reduced as the growth advances. Murrel (C. striatus) grows to 0.6-1.0
Kg in culture period of 8-10 months. For total harvesting, dewatering of pond is required and
fishes are hand-picked. The average production level of 2-2.5 tons/ha/yr has been
demonstrated. There is a great potential for this species to be taken up with carp polyculture
system.
Dissemination of murrel growout culture to farmers of Orissa
According to available information and our baseline survey, it was evident that there was
no scientific murrel culture practices followed in Orissa during pre-project period. In Orissa,
there is a social taboo for consumption of giant murrel and also standard technology for breeding
Fig 13 Condition factor for wild and cultured
C. striatus
22
and its culture were not available. These reasons made them skeptical to start murrel culture.
There is a traditional practice to catch murrels from rice fields or derelict water bodies in small
quantities for consumption. Since most of the murrel production coming from common
resources, it is difficult to estimate the exact contribution to the individual farmers‟ income.
Murrel farming offers tremendous potentialities for providing employment opportunities
to the rural people including women. In rural areas, most of the small backyard, shallow,
community and weed infested ponds are not used for fish culture. These water bodies are suitable
for the murrel culture. Since, it is new technology CIFA conducted number of training and
workshops under NAIP project “A value chain on murrel production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa”
about seed raising, feeding and culture of murrels for the SHGs (especially women), NGOs and
private farmers of Odisha in vernacular language to educate them for murrel culture. Over 300
farmers, including more than 180 women were given training on various aspects of murrel
farming. Institute also took help of print media (English & vernacular language) for making
people aware of murrel culture. Due to our concerted effort, people are now realizing the
potential of murrel culture and many of them have come forward to take up this technology.
Murrel farming has been demonstrated in Puri, Khurda and Nayagadh Districts, Odisha. The
CIFA has demonstrated grow out culture technology in farmers‟ ponds in selected places of
Orissa state with average production level of 2.0-2.5t/ha/yr. The additional income generation
from murrel farming not only improved their livelihood but also helped in nutritional security.
After seeing the success many more farmers are coming forward to start murrel culture. The
scientific murrel farming started from scratch in 2009 and at present about 20.0 acres of water
area is under its farming.
CIFA under the NAIP- ICAR project “A value chain on murrel production in Tamil Nadu
and Orissa” made a baseline survey to know the resources and interest of fish farmers towards
culture of murrels. A number of training and workshop were provided to the SHGs, NGOs and
private farmers in vernacular language to educate them for murrel culture. Based on their interest
and available resources four different groups i.e., 1 woman SHG (T1), 1 man SHG (T2), 1 NGO
(T3) and 1 private fish farmers (T4) were selected. Pond sizes were in the range of 0.02-0.6 ha.
The standard pond management practices were followed where they were advised not to
eradicate small trash fishes. The ponds of different groups were stocked with advanced
fingerlings (avg. wt. 17.21 g) of C. striatus @ 5,000/ha. Fishes were fed with boiled poultry
viscera/trash fish (80%) with rice bran (10%) and oil cake (10%) @ 3-5% of their body mass
daily. After 8 -10 months of culture, fishes (0.5 - 1.0 Kg) were harvested by dewatering the
ponds. The highest production was observed in T3 group (2583 Kg/ha/yr.) and lowest in T1
group (1895 Kg/ha/yr.). The highest production in T3 might be due to their efficient management
and addition of live trash fish in the pond. This indicates that supplementation of small trash fish
is better for growth of murrels. The additional income generation from murrel farming not only
improved their livelihood but also helped in nutritional security. After seeing the success many
more farmers are coming forward to start murrel culture.
23
6. Murrel Transport:
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
Fish vendors meet heavy loss due to death of murrels during transport. Sedation or use of
anesthetics is beneficial during bulk transportation. All the fish exposed to different
concentrations of clove oil recovered well and returned to normal after 48 hrs. For 48 hrs
transport a dose of 450 ppm of clove oil was recommended to fish vendors to anesthetize
C. striatus. Clove oil was used as fish anesthetic to study the hematological and biochemical
changes in C.striatus. Erythrocyte count (T/L), Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values of clove oil
treated fish showed elevated levels when compared to control. RBC, Hb and Ht values
significantly increased 1 hr after anesthesia and returned to normal after 24 hrs. Anesthetic
treated fishes exhibited marked
decrease in WBCs when
compared to control group. The
anesthetic treated fishes were
found to show a significant
increase in the concentration of
glucose. Results of the study
suggested that the use of clove
oil at the concentrations of 400,
450 and 500 ppm does not
cause irreversible damage on
the blood parameters as well as biochemical profile in C. striatus.
7. Murrel Disease Management
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
The crude extracts of a medicinal herb viz; Wrightia tinctoria was successfully used to
prevent EUS occurrence and enhance survive during larviculture and growout culture. Leaves of
W. tinctoria applied as paste on the lesion and ulcers externally cured EUS within four to six
days. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of W. tinctoria was studied against pathogens
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas
salmonicida, Aphanomyces invadans and Vibrio alginolyticus. Phytochemical screening of the
leaves revealed the presence of steroids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic compounds,
Time in
minutes
Concentration in ppm
Fig 14 Murrel production in the ponds of different stakeholders
Fig 15 Effect of Clove oil on Induction and Recovery time of C. striatus
24
flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The TLC chromatogram of the extracts revealed several
coloured bands. The methanol extracts showed efficient antibacterial activity15.6 ±0.3/67.1
(Inhibition zone diameter in mm/RIZD in %) against A. hydrophila. The minimum Inhibitory
concentration of the extract against the pathogens was determined. Growth of A. invadans was
inhibited by 85-90%. The herbal paste applied topically on the lesions showed a positive effect
by controlling and curing the lesions within five days. Following 2nd and 3rd
day post application
of herbal paste, healing symptoms were noticed and signs of dermal lesions and ulcers vanished
and the wound was completely healed by the 5th
day. No mortality was observed during the
course of the study. It is therefore suggested that the active extract of W. tinctoria could be taken
to the next step of bioassay guided purification to characterize the novel antimicrobial agents.
In another consecutive study, the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus was used in treating
EUS infected giant murrels C. marulius showing symptoms like lesions and deformed fins at the
dorsal side with reddish spots on the ventral side. The herbal paste was applied topically on the
wound surfaces of diseased murrels for 10 days. From 5th
day onwards, the treated murrels
showed good signs of healing like disappearance of lesions and reddish spots and recovery of
affected fins, thus recommending the topical application of herbs for effective treatment of
diseased murrels.
Responsible Partner: CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
A preliminary study was conducted during winter months to know the effects of plant crude
extracts on growth, survival and health status of C. striatus fingerlings in cemented cisterns of
capacity 1000 L in field condition. The herbal crude extract was prepared separately from the
leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Aegel marmelos (stone apple) and rhizome of Curcuma longa
(turmeric) and kept in sealed poly packs under refrigeration. C. striatus fingerlings (6.15 + 0.2g)
were fed on murrel feed containing different medicinal plant extracts for 60 days. The control
group was fed same feed but without herbal extract. Fishes were observed fortnightly for growth,
survivability, gross health examination and bacterial total plate count of whole content of
intestine and gills.
Fishes were fed feed containing turmeric showed significantly higher (p<0.05) survival
(93.33 %) in comparison to control (83.33%) and other herbal crude extract fed groups. There
was no significant difference in growth between control group and crude extract fed groups.
Gross morphological examination showed that fishes fed herbal crude extracts were healthy
(shiny body, intact fins, active movement, etc) in comparison to the control group. The microbial
studies revealed that O. sanctum fed fishes contains significantly less (p<0.05) number of
bacteria in gut i.e., total plate count (2.35 x 107
cfu) in comparison to fishes of other herbal crude
extract fed or control (3.40 x 109
) groups. Similar result was observed for gills. The study
suggests that the herbal crude extracts could be used for prophylaxis to keep fishes healthy and
also to enhance their survival during fingerling stages.
Table 5 Effect of herbal paste on growth and survival of C. striatus fingerlings
Treatments Initial mean
weight (g)
Final mean
weight (g)
Growth (%) Survival (%)
C 6.15 + 0.2 31.78 + 0.40 416.7 + 06.44 83.33a + 0.00
25
T1 6.15 + 0.2 31.17 + 0.86 406.8 + 14.02 86.66ab
+ 4.70
T2 6.15 + 0.2 30.92 + 1.25 390.2 + 39.08 93.33c + 0.00
T3 6.15 + 0.2 30.15 + 2.40 402.8 + 20.35 90.00bbc
+ 4.71
The incidence of Ichthyophthirius multifilis was reported by CIFA, Odisha during the
nursery rearing of striped snakehead. This was successfully controlled with continuous
application of 10 ppt formalin for 5 days. This helped in total eradication of parasites from
infected seed and finally mortality was checked completely.
Acinetobacter baumannii acts as a severe human pathogen, there are only few studies to
date that report it as a pathogen for fish. In the present study, one virulent bacterial strain was
isolated from diseased C. striatus, from a farm at the CIFA which showed symptoms like cloudy
eyes, pop eye (exophthalmia), Opaque lenses and mild ulceration on the whole body irrespective
of sex and size of the fish. Based on morphology, different biochemical tests and sequence
analysis of 16S rDNA segment as well as phylogenetic study, the causative bacterium (called
chE) was identified as A. baumannii. The pathogenicity was further confirmed by artificial
infectivity study (LD50 dose of 108.37
CFU/fish). In the drug sensitivity study, this isolate was
highly resistant to many antibiotics. The isolate was also highly resistant to all three tested heavy
metals (Cu+2
, Cr+6
, Hg+2
), thus proving its virulent nature. The involvement of A. baumannii in
disease of Channa species poses a potential threat to freshwater fish farming as an important
emerging pathogen. Further, the resistance to many antibiotics and heavy metals shown by this
isolate poses serious concern.
8. Medicinal value of murrels:
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Lead Institute
a) Antibacterial activity of muscle extracts
Five crude extracts from the muscle tissues of four Channa species namely, Channa striatus,
C. punctatus, C. marulius and C. diplogramme were screened against five enteric pathogens
namely Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella vulgaris, Shigella dysenteriae and
Shigella boydii. Almost all the five extracts had efficient antibacterial activity against the
pathogens. The zone of inhibition ranged from 24.6 to 7.0 mm. The methanol extract of C.
striatus showed the highest inhibition zone of 24.6, 21.6, 18.0 mm against S. dysenteriae, K.
vulgaris, S. typhi respectively and C. marulius showed 23.2, 22.1 mm against S. boydii, S.
aureus. In all the species the inhibition observed was in the order of methanol> chloroform>
acetone> benzene> water against the bacteria. Water extracts of all the species showed least
activity against the pathogens. . The tissues of the Channa species which showed the efficient
antibacterial activity were subjected to SDS –PAGE to study the molecular weights of the tissue
protein. Crude protein sample of four Channa species yielded 34 bands ranging from 16.64-
232.76 k Da. The highest number of band was found in C. diplogramme and the least number of
bands was found in C. punctatus. Efficient antibacterial activity was observed from the methanol
extract of all Channa species. A maximum zone of inhibition was observed in C. striatus against
Shigella dysenteriae. It is therefore suggested that C. striatus can be a potential source of an
antimicrobial protein for specific human pathogens
26
.
B1 - Salmonella typhi, B2 - Staphylococcus aureus, B3 - Klebsiella vulgaris, B4 – Shigella
dysenteriaand B5 – Shigella boydii; A – Acetone, B – Benzene, C – Chloroform, M – methanol
and W – Water
b) Antibacterial activity of skin and intestinal mucus
The antibacterial activity of skin mucus and intestinal mucus of five different Channa sp viz
Channa striatus, C. micropeltes, C. marulius, C. punctatus and C. gachua was tested against five
pathogenic bacteria namely A. hydrophila, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Vibrio fischeri and V.
anguillarum using Muller Hinton agar plates by disc diffusion method. All the five Channa sp
showed a better antibacterial activity and among the five species C. straitus showed a broad
spectrum of antibacterial activity of skin mucus against A. hydrophila (19.5±2mm), P.
aeruginosa (28±2.9mm) and V. anguillarum (24.5±2.4 mm) and intestinal mucus against A.
hydrophila (16±1.4 mm), P. aeruginosa (29±3.2 mm), V. anguillarum (18.3±1.5mm) and V.
fischeri (21.5±1.8). Among the five pathogens tested, the maximum antibacterial activity was
observed for the skin mucus against V. fischeri and the intestinal mucus against P. aeruginosa,
suggesting the presence of antimicrobial peptides /proteins in fish mucus that makes the
membrane to act as barrier.
c) Fatty acid composition
The fatty acids present in the murrel fillet were studied. The prevailing compounds in murrel
fillet were found as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (56.69%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl
ester (21.02%), Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.74%), Arachidonic acid methyl ester
(1.87%) and 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) (2.84%). The other compounds include
Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester (0.82%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.64%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic
acid, Methyl Ester, (Z,Z,Z)(0.56%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-hexyl-, methyl ester(0.68%),
Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.28%) and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)(0.61%).
d) Wound healing studies:
Wound healing studies on male wistar rats using murrel extract revealed faster healing upon
topical application of C. striatus crude extract but the activity was maximal at the high dose (400
mg/Kg p.o) applied. The wound was healed completely (100%) by 21st day in 10% concentration
whereas in the same 100% healing was observed on 18th
day for standard treatment. The PUFA/
Fig 16 Antibacterial activity of the tissue extract of Channa species
27
Fig. 1: Net Fillet Yield of Murrels
Fillet
40%
Head
23%
Bone
7%
Skin
8%
Viscera
22%
Saturated (P/S) ratio of C. striatus fish oil is 0.69 which is higher than the Patin (Pangasius
hypothalamus) with 0.67. On the other hand, the ω-3/ ω-6 ratio of C. striatus is 0.96 which is
higher than the catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (0.25) and Patin (0.73).
e) Anti-inflammatory studies:
The striped murrel extract at 400mg/kg dose showed significant decrease in the paw volume
(65.59%) of wistar rats when compared to the control group. C. striatus at the dose of 400
mg/Kg showed, potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the reference standard
Indomethacin.
f) Anti-arthritis studies:
Arthritis study was done by inducing arthritis in male wistar rats by injecting Freund‟s
complete adjuvant (FCA). C. marulius (high dose) rendered about 91.72% healing whereas C.
striatus (high dose) crude extract rendered 88.43% healing. The Standard drug yielded 92.86% in
the male wistar rats. The low dose (200mg/Kg p.o.) of C. marulius rendered about 89% healing
whereas C. striatus crude extract rendered 84.31% healing. In both the low and high doses, C.
marulius rendered more protection than C. striatus.
9. Murrel Filleting Technology
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier‟s College, Tamil Nadu Lead Institute
All over India, murrels are sold as live. Dead murrels are not preferred by consumers and
hence fish vendors quite often meet heavy loss. At this juncture, filleting technology, i.e.,
boneless preparation of murrels is the opt one to meet the need. This technology is known to fish
vendors and consumers in places like Gazhipur market, New Delhi, but it is not spread to
markets of other states especially Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. For the first time, the
research team of ICAR-NAIP Sub project succeeded in preparation of fillet from live as well as
frozen murrel. Though murrel fillet has not gained much attention among consumers, CARE
research team is popularizing this technology among housewives, working women, chefs of star
hotels and restaurants, who can adopt this processing technology to prepare several fast food
items as less time consuming by conducting different Expos.
People live in Metropolitan cities viz: Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata and those live in
Cosmopolitan cities like Hyderabad, Bangalore and Cochin are exposed to Fish Food Festivals
like INFISH 2010 (Hyderabad), MATHSYA MELA 2011, RASHTRIYA KRISHI MELA 2011
(Bangalore). But those from southern districts of Tamil Nadu (Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and
Kanyakumari) are not aware of such programmes. Moreover, they are not familiar to the
importance of fish as healthy food. Hence, Fish food expos viz: Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012,
Nellai Fish Food Festival 2013 and Nanjil Fish Food
Festival 2013 conducted by CARE gave an opportunity
for them to attend training on seed production and
culture technologies and live fish recipe demonstration
by leading Chefs and selected women and competition
for essay writing and display of homemade fish food, to
witness live display of freshwater food fishes and value
added products, as a means of popularization of murrel
Fig 17 Net Fillet Yield of Murrels
28
MURREL
FISH
MURREL FILLET MURREL SOLID
WASTE
MURREL LIQUID
WASTE
COMPLETE FOOD NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENT
READY TO SERVE
PRODUCTS
READY TO COOK
PRODUCTS
MURREL PROTEIN
POWDER
NUTRITIONAL
VALUE
MEDICINAL
VALUE
SOUP POWDER MURREL MUCUS
MURREL SKIN
MANURE
Fig 18 VALUE ADDITION IN MURRELS – Diagrammatic Representation
fish production, value added products and processing techniques during 2012 and 2013.
Filleting technology yields 40% fillet, 23% head, 22% viscera, 8% skin and 7% bone and the
cost of fillet is Rs.800/Kg. The process of filleting involves various steps viz: stunning of fish,
grading, removal of slime, scaling, washing, deheading, gutting, cutting away the fins, slicing the
whole fish into steaks, skinning and meat-bone separation. For the removal of head, the fish is
held flat and the head is cut off with the help of a knife. Then, the entire dorsal ridge including
the fins is cut deeply upto half an inch. This is followed by degutting of internal organs like
gastrointestinal tract, heart and kidney and the peritoneal cavity is washed thoroughly. The
degutted murrel is then cut laterally into two equal halves so as to remove the skin easily. Then
deboning is done, with the fillets being obtained as a boneless flesh. The fillets can be preserved
at -20°C for 30 days. This technology was tested and fillet was used for preparation of more than
30 recipes by us (Please refer Annexure II).
i. Murrrel Value Addition
Value added products viz., Murrel Fry, Murrel Gravy, Murrel Briyani, Murrel Vermicelli,
Murrel Pollichathu, Murrel Cutlet, Murrel Pickle, Murrel Soup, Murrel Curry, Murrel Poori,
Murrel Finger chips, Murrel Papad, Murrel Noodles, Murrel Fish Soup Powder, Murrel
Shawarma, Murrel Gelatin, Murrel Spring Roll, Murrel Salad, Murrel Tikka, Crispy Murrel,
Murrel Ghatti rolls, Murrel Puffs, Southern Fried Murrel, Murrel Cookies, Murrel Dhall powder,
Muurel Bonda, Murrel Bajji, Murrel Fish Flakes, Murrel Vadai, Murrel Sticks and Murrel Stew
have been prepared. Ready to eat products viz: Murrel Wheat Kakhara, Murrel Ragi Kakhara,
Murrel Rice Kakhara, Murrel Pasta and Murrel Idli and Dosa have been prepared due to their
richness in nutritive properties for promoting growth of malnutrition babies and old people. A
combination of Murrel and Millet together as Murrel Millet Mix prepared is something unique to
improve health status of school children and aged people.
Responsible Partner: CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
In Orissa, snakeheads fetch relatively low price in comparison to other parts of the
country because of the religious taboo. Murrels are always sold live as they can survive in moist
condition for long time and their price is reduced by 30-40% when dead. In this context,
29
imparting value addition to this fish will not only play an important role in employment
generation, but also income enhancement in rural sector. The entrepreneurs and SHGs, especially
women SHGs, can adopt this murrel processing technology to prepare several value added
products and supply them to the growing numbers of supermarkets and malls in the cities for
profitable earnings. Processed murrels are typically sold as dressed carcasses (head, viscera and
skin) removed or as boneless fillets. Murrels are excellent rounded meaty fish with single
skeleton and minimum intramuscular bones. Murrel meat is white, moist and resilient. Its firm
texture of flesh has a good meaty flavour. Murrels have an accumulation of fat deposits on the
lining of the abdominal cavity and in gastro-intestinal tract. Possession of thick belly muscle of
murrels helps in making good steaks of it. Processing and value addition of murrels into various
products viz. boneless fillets, chunks, nuggets, keema and steaks have been demonstrated to
farmers.
The carcass and commercial yield traits of C. striatus were evaluated. Experimental fish were
8-month-old snakehead murrels (C. striatus) weighing 500–700 gm, reared in earthen ponds and
cultivated intensively at a rate of 10,000 fingerlings/ha. The fish were given formulated feed for
a period of 1 year. Morphometric parameters were measured along with carcass, filleting, and
offal traits. Average meat-to-bone filleting ratio was 3.43 of marketable size murrels.
Insignificant accumulations of fat deposits on the lining of the abdominal cavity and coating the
bowels were noted.
Table 6 Carcass quality and yield traits
S. No. Murrel fish (Range 550-750g) Mean value (n=10)
1. Dressing percentage (%) 89.59
2. Dressing percentage of skinless round pieces (%) 80.80
3. Dressing percentage without Viscera and skin (%) 73.28
4. Dressing percentage without head, skin and viscera (%) 50.72
5. Average meat-to-bone filleting ratio 3.43
i. Value addition of Murrel
High perishability of fish and fish products is a serious problem in tropical countries like
India due to prevailing climatic conditions. Therefore, imparting value addition to this fish will
not only play an important role in developing self-stable products but also in employment
generation and income enhancement of the poor farmers.
Table 7 Sensory evaluation scores of murrel products (mean ± S.E)
S.
N
o
Produ
cts
Colour Flavour Texture Juiciness Sweetness Sourness Saltiness Overall
Acceptability
1 Curry 8.3±0.18 7.8±0.35 7.3±0.62 7.7±0.25 6.7±0.54 6.6±0.56 5.5±0.50 7.5±0.18
2 Finger
s
8.3±0.32 8.3±0.37 8.2±0.36 7.1±0.58 7.2±0.36 6.3±0.49 7.2±0.41 7.6±0.40
3 Fillets 8.0±0.32 8.1±0.29 8.1±0.39 7.2±0.52 6.6±0.45 6.0±0.49 6.2±0.52 7.7±0.25
4 Nugg
ets
7.8±0.29 7.7±0.36 7.8±0.35 6.6±0.46 7.0±0.50 6.1±0.44 7.1±0.29 7.6±0.26
5 Balls 6.7±0.67 7.8±0.35 7.6±0.32 0.7±0.25 7.1±0.35 7.0±0.32 6.5±0.26 7.8±0.22
6 Soups 6.7±0.67 7.0±0.65 7.0±0.50 6.7±0.70 5.8±0.58 5.7±0.41 5.1±0.51 7.3±0.18
30
The entrepreneurs and SHGs, especially women SHGs and private farmers have been given
training on development of different murrel value added products such as murrel pickle, soup,
fingers, fillet, ball, steaks, curry, noodles and papadum.Sensory evaluation of murrel fish
products using a nine point hedonic scale indicated that murrel fish excelled in all the 6 types of
products.
ii. Quality and storage stability of low acid Murrel (C. striatus) pickle at room temperature
Emphasis is being given on developing self-stable fish and fish food products, which can
be stored at ambient temperature (32 + 0.50C). Fish pickling in vinegar and edible oil with added
salt, spices and condiments provide ready to eat highly acceptable convenience product with
good self-stability at an ambient temperature. Low moisture and reduced pH are the important
major factors contributing to the self-stability of the pickles (Frazier and Westhoff, 1984).
Pickling also helps in improving the desirable characteristics like taste and flavor along with the
preservative effect. The preliminary trials and evaluation of market fish pickle has indicated that,
with pH range 4.4 - 4.7, the products are objectionably sour; consequently its acceptability was
decreased. Information on development and storage stability of low acid murrel pickle is limited.
Therefore the objective of the present study was to prepare highly acceptable low acid murrel
pickle and study their storage stability at 32 +0.50C.
Low acid murrel meat pickle was prepared using deboned meat from marketable size
murrel (700 + 59 g). The product was evaluated after an elapse of seven days on maturation for
change in physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties at an interval of 15
days up to 60 days at 32 + 0.50C. Results showed that pH and titratable acidity of the low acid
pickle was 4.83 and 0.68, whereas in control murrel pickle, these values were 4.68 and 0.74
respectively. After 60 days of storage period microbiological count and sensory quality traits did
not show appreciable change and remained satisfactory throughout the storage period. Low acid
pickles had significantly lower sourness and high overall acceptability compared to the control.
Murrel pickle has the potential of becoming ready-to-eat, self-stable, highly acceptable health
food products of indigenous origin.
iii. Development of murrel gel and its application in making Papadum and Noodles
Washed pieces of murrel flesh were converted into gel by dilute acetic acid treatment. Murrel
flesh has excellent gel forming ability, emulsification and foaming properties. Murrel gel has
excellent functional properties. It has excellent keeping quality of 3 days at ambient temperature
(300C), 3 months under chilled condition and more than 6 months under frozen condition. Murrel
gel is highly nutritious and can be available on affordable price. Therefore, we have found its
application in development noodles and papadum.
6. Innovations
(Describe about the innovations and their impacts, one page each, please be clear about
innovation concept and describe only innovation(s) in brief)
I. Production Technology for Seed, Feed and Table size Murrels
a) Mass Seed Production of Murrels
Induced breeding of the striped murrel C. striatus and giant murrel C. marulius was
attempted using various natural and synthetic hormones. HCG 2000 IU / Kg has been
standardized for a single breeding set of striped murrel to produce 8,000 – 12,000 eggs.
f
31
4,81,147 seeds of C. striatus and C. marulius were produced by lead and partner consortia
and stakeholders of Tamil Nadu and Orissa
b) Mass Culture of Live Feed
Succeeded in Mass culture of zooplankton, Vermiculture and Tufibex.
Culture of cladocerans and copepods (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura and Daphnia
carinata and Thermocyclops decipiens) was succeeded.
Density of zooplankton /litre: Cladocerans (8,000/l), Copepods – (7,000/l), Rotifers
(10,000/l) were produced in fiber tanks of 10,000 litres capacity.
c) Pelleted feed for murrels
There is no readymade feed for murrels in markets, since they are carnivorous, piscivorous
and cannibalistic. Formulated diet containing fish meal (anchovy and jawala) 60%, wheat
flour 10%, rice flour 10% and soya flour 20% respectively with 43% of protein was prepared
for murrels.
Feed pellets prepared using pelletizer ranged between 2.5 -5.0 mm were readily accepted by
murrel fingerlings. When they were trained.
To enhance the survival and growth and to improve the health of the fingerlings, the pellets
have been incorporated with herbs (Phyllanthus niruri, Aloe vera, Terminalia catappa,
Tinospora cardifolia, Withania sominifera etc) and probiotics (Bacillus subtilis,
Saccharomyces cervisiae, Lactobacillus helveticus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L.
sporogens, Candida utilis etc).
Leaf powder of T. cardifolia (5 g/Kg feed) and root powder of W. sominifera incorporated in
fish feed (25g/Kg feed) resulted in cent percent survival in C. striatus fingerlings
d) Larviculture of Murrels:
Rearing of murrels from the post larvae to the fingerling stage needs extra care and is a
Herculean task.
Rotifers were recommended for 3 days old post larvae for 15 days.
Apart from zooplankton, the larvae were also fed on other live food organisms like blood
worms (Chironomus larvae), tubifex and earthworms.
Boiled chicken intestine paste and fish paste were used as feed for larvae from the 16th
day
onwards instead of live feed.
From 30th
day onwards, the fry were fed with cooked and minced chicken intestine and semi-
moist pellets and were later trained on pelleted feed (semimoist) upto fingerling stage.
e) Growout Culture of Murrels
Earthern ponds ranging from 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m are suitable for murrel
culture with a stocking density of 1/m2
Murrel farmers supply semimoist feed as dough in trays and gunny bags
52 farmers practiced murrel culture in Tamil Nadu and they harvested table size murrels in a
total area of 266.56 ha with a production of 27.67 tons in Tamil Nadu.
1119 farmers were trained for murrel culture through twenty one training and twelve
workshops in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
32
The CIFA has developed it‟s grow out culture technology and it has been disseminated to the
farmers of Orissa under the NAIP project. The brief descriptions of the technology are as
follows:
Pond size: 0.1-0.2 ha.
Stocking size: (>10g) - To achieve better survival and production it is recommended to
stock ponds with advanced fingerlings.
Stocking density: 10,000-15,000 fingerlings/ha.
Feeding: boiled poultry viscera mixed with rice bran (8:2) – If poultry viscera are not
available then it can be replaced with trash fish accordingly (It is advisable to promote inherent
food production in the pond such as insect, weed fishes etc.)
Feeding rate: 2-5% of their body weight according to size.
Water quality parameters: As practiced for carps
Culture period: 8-10 months.
Harvesting: For total harvesting dewatering of pond is required and fishes are
handpicked.
II. Processing Technology for Fillet and Value added Products
a) Filleting Technology:
For the first time, the research team of CARE succeeded in preparation of fillet from live
as well as frozen murrel. Filleting technology yields 40% fillet, 23% head, 22% viscera, 8%
skin and 7% bone and the cost of fillet is Rs.800/Kg. Murrels are usually preferred as live fish
and this technology has a very good scope for preserving dead murrels in frozen form to prepare
fillet. Dead murrels were stored in ice boxes for 7 days whereas fillets were stored upto 30 days
in freezer (-4ºC). The beneficiaries were SHGs, Housewives and Star Hotels who can adopt this
processing technology to prepare several fast food items. Both CARE and CIFA demonstrated
fillet preparation, preparation of fast food items and canned items to the target groups.
Since the fillets are spine – free, children also show much interest in tasting the fish, thus
providing them with a protein rich diet. The prevailing compounds in murrel fillet were found
as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (56.69%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (21.02%),
Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.74%), Arachidonic acid methyl ester (1.87%) and 9-
Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) (2.84%). The other compounds include Dodecanoic acid,
methyl ester (0.82%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.64%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Methyl Ester,
(Z,Z,Z)(0.56%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-hexyl-, methyl ester(0.68%), Eicosanoic acid,
methyl ester (0.28%) and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)(0.61%). The PUFA/ Saturated
(P/S) ratio of C. striatus fish oil is 0.69 which is higher than the Patin (Pangasius
hypothalamus) with 0.67. On the other hand, the ω-3/ ω-6 ratio of C. striatus is 0.96 which is
higher than the catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (0.25) and Patin (0.73).
b) Murrel Value Added Products:
More than 30 Value Added Products have been prepared and 6 CDs highlighting their
preparations have been developed. First Patent has been filed for “Murrel Cookies” which is
rich in protein and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Per serving of Murrel cookies contain: Protein:
0.65 g; Calories: 53; Fat: 3.47g; Carbohydrates: 7.34g). The second patent on “Murrel Dhall
33
Powder” a low fat food (Fat: 6.04%) and rich in calcium (800.8 mg/100g) and iron (229.5
mg/100g) was filed on 25.10.2013.
Treatment Technology for Wound, Arthritis, Convalescence, Ulcer and Inflammation
Murrels have medicinal value and are recommended for convalescence and arthritis
patients. In South-east Asian countries (Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, etc.), the
murrel fish oil essence is commercially available and ingested by ladies after delivery for their
post-operative wound healing effects. Wound healing studies revealed faster healing upon topical
application of C. striatus crude extract by 21st day in 10% concentration whereas, 100% healing
was observed on 18th
day for standard treatment. Regarding anti-inflammatory studies, the
striped murrel extract at 400mg/kg dose showed significant decrease in the paw volume
(65.59%) of wistar rats when compared to the control Indomethacin. In anti-arthritis studies,
C. marulius rendered about 91.72% healing whereas C. striatus crude extract rendered 88.43%
healing in comparison with the Standard drug (92.86%). The anti-ulcer study revealed protection
against pyloric ligation and Ethanol induced ulcer in animal models. The results of our studies
revealed that murrels are bio-assets to the country and should be conserved for future generation.
7. Process/ Product/Technology/Value Chain/Rural Industry Developed
(List partner-wise major Process/ Product/Technology developed and their outcome in
quantifiable terms)
S.
No
(Process/Product/Technology/
Value Chain/ Rural Industry
Developed
Adoption/ Validation/ Commercialization,
etc.
Respons
ible
Partner
1 Murrel Seed Production Adopted, Validated and Commercialized
1,07,889 Seeds produced by SXC
2,63,258 Seeds produced by CIFA
1,10,000 Seeds produced by stakeholders
in Orissa
SXC &
CIFA
2 Grow out culture of murrel
(Technology)
Adopted, Validated and Commercialized
27.67 tons harvested in Tamil Nadu
2.5 tons harvested in CIFA
20.2 tons harvested in Orissa
SXC &
CIFA
3 Live Feed Culture Technology Adopted TNC
4 Larviculture (Technology) Adopted SXC
5 Pelleted Feed Technology Adopted SXC
6 Live Fish Transport (Technology) Attempted using Aluminium Drums, using
Anesthetics like clove oil
SXC
7 Murrel Filleting Technology Adopted, Validated and Commercialized SXC
8 Murrel Fish Gelatin (Products) Produced; Not yet adopted SXC
9 Value addition of murrels (ex.
Murrel Pickle and others)
(Products)
Adopted and Validated SXC &
CIFA
Note: Use pro-forma (1,2, 3) for details.
34
8. Patents (Filed/Granted)
Responsible Partner: St.Xavier‟s College (SXC), Lead Institute
a). First Patent: Filed
Title of Patent: Nutritional Cookie Composition and A Process for Preparing the Same
Application No: Filed; 1277/DEL/2013dt. 30.04.2013
Name of Inventors:
1. M.A. Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
2. P. Jeya Sheela, Research Associate, ICAR-NAIP sub-project, Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
3. H. Mohamed Riaz, Managing Partner, Kings Retail Ventures, No. 12, 18th
Cross street,
Maharaja Nagar, Tirunelveli- 627001, Tamil Nadu
b). Second Patent: Filed
Title of Patent: Process for Preparing Nutritionally Rich Dhal Powder and Its Composition
Application No: Filed; 3168/DEL/2013 dt.24/10/2013
Name of Inventors:
1. M.A. Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
2. P. Jeya Sheela, Research Associate, ICAR-NAIP sub-project, Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
3. H. Mohamed Riaz, Managing Partner, Kings Retail Ventures, No. 12, 18th
Cross street,
Maharaja Nagar, Tirunelveli- 627001, Tamil Nadu
b). Third Patent: Under process, to be filed in March 2014
Title of Patent: Nutritionally Rich Murrel – Millet Mix
Name of Inventors:
1. M.A. Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
2. P. Jeya Sheela, Research Associate, ICAR-NAIP sub-project, Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension, St.Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli- 627002, Tamil Nadu
3. Dr.H.B. Shivaleela, Professor, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of
Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore
9. Linkages and Collaborations *
S. No. Linkages developed
(Name & Address of Organization)
Number of
Linkages
Responsible
Partner
1 Linkages within India 25 SXC
2 Linkages Outside India 15 SXC
3 Linkages with Fish Vendors 12 SXC
4 Women SHG‟s
SXC - 1
CIFA - 8
SXC &
CIFA
35
5 Male SHGs 1 CIFA
6 NGO 1 CIFA
7 Govt. Organizations 5 CIFA
8 Private Farmer
SXC - 53
CIFA - 7
SXC &
CIFA
*(Please refer Annexure III for details)
10. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects
(Please see NAIP website for clarity on the subject)
11. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken: Nil
Difficulty in getting qualified and retention of the scholars throughout the project period of 3-
5years.
Environmental Safeguards
S. No. Environmental Issue (if any) Mitigation measures
1. Draining of stagnant water Used for irrigation purposes
2. Fertilization of ponds Used in an eco friendly way as organic manure
2. Disposal of agrowaste Used for fish feed preparation
3. Mass number of dead fish Preparation of murrel fillet
Fillets used for preparation of ready to eat and ready to
cook products.
Utilization of head and central spine for soup preparation
Skin used for leather manufacture and gelatin extraction
Viscera used for manures after decomposition
4. Mass number of diseased fish Used as manures after decomposition
Social safeguard
1. Lack of knowledge of murrel
culture
Murrel culture popularized and about 1119 farmers were
trained
2. Farmers regret for
diversification of murrel
culture from carp culture
Farmers motivated through 21 training and 12 workshop
3. Lack of awareness on Income
generation
Market assurance, value added products, and consumer
preference
4. Lack of knowledge on
medicinal and recuperative
values of Murrel dishes
Promoted consumer awareness – Murrel Fish Expo
conducted; Articles published
5. Lack of knowledge on Murrel
dishes and murrel products
Value added products popularized – Nellai Fish Food
Festival and Nanjil Fish Food Festival conducted during
February and March 2013
6. Monitory loss to fish vendors
by fish mortality
Stakeholders trained for processing and value added products
- Fish vendors yet to be trained.
7. Lack of knowledge on
nutritional status of murrels
Nellai Fish Food Festival and Nanjil Fish Food Festival
conducted during February and March 2013
8. Religious taboo for
C. marulius in Orissa
Farmers advised to supply to adjacent states as live and
processed by CIFA
36
Continuous monsoon failure for the past three years resulted in insufficient water supply for
murrel farming in Tamil Nadu.
Psychological fear of farmers towards murrel culture and their change in attitude towards one
practice to another practice
12. Publications (As per format of citation in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences)
A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals. Details as per the guidelines for citation of
publications (Annexure I)
S.
No.
Authors, Title of the paper,
Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.
NAAS
Ratings
(NR)
Responsi
ble
Partner
1 Dhanaraj M, Haniffa M A, Arunsingh V, Muthu Ramakrishnan
C, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2009. Antibacterial
activity of skin and intestinal mucus of five different murrel
species. Malaysian Journal of Science 28(3): 257-262.
NR: Nil
SXC
2 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Study on the
growth and survival of Channa striatus post larvae (Bloch) using
live feed. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Science 13(2): 131-
135.
NR: Nil
TNC
3 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Comparative
study on growth of Channa striatus fry and fingerlings using
different feeding regimes. Journal of Aquatic Biology 24(2):
173-176.
NR: Nil
TNC
4 Altaff K and Mehraj Ud Din W. 2010. Culture of Ceriodaphnia
cornuta using chicken manure as fertilizer: Conversion of a
Waste product into highly nutritive protein. Pakistan Journal of
Scientific and Industrial Research 53(2): 89-91.
NR: Nil
TNC
5 Mehraj Ud Din W and Altaff K. 2010. Culture of zooplankton for
rearing fish larvae. Pollution Research 29(2): 91-93.
NR: 4.75
TNC
6 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2010. Evaluation
of growth and survival of fry of Channa striatus (Bloch) using
different feeding regimes and cladoceran live feed. Journal of
Experimental Zoology India 13(1): 225-227.
NR: 4.63
TNC
7 Mehraj Ud Din War and Kareem Altaff. 2011. High density
culture of a cladoceran Moina micrura (Kurz, 1874) by utilizing
poultry manure. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial
Research 54(3): 131-135.
NR: Nil
TNC
8 Mehraj Ud Din War, Kareem Altaff and Mohammed Abdul
Khader Haniffa. 2011. Growth and survival of larval snakehead
Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) fed different live feed organisms.
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11(3):523-
528.
NR: 6.59
IF*: 0.591
TNC
37
9 Muthukrishnan Dhanaraj and Mohamed Abdul Kather Haniffa
2011. Effect of probiotics on growth and microbiological
changes in snakehead Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas
hydrophila. African Journal of Microbiology Research
26(5):4601-4606.
NR: 6.0
IF : 0.54
SXC
10 Rauta P R, Kumar K and Sahoo P K. 2011. Emerging new multi-
drug resistant bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumanii from
snake head Channa striatus from India. Current Science 101(4):
548-553
NR: 6.91
IF: 0.905
CIFA
11 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan
N, Sahoo M and Eknath A E. 2012. Carcass Characteristics of
Marketable size Striped Murrel Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793).
Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(2): 258-260.
NR: 6.90
IF: 0.902
CIFA,
12 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahoo A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Majhi
U J, Jahan, N, Sahoo M and Jayasankar P. 2012. Quality and
storage stability of low acid murrel (Channa striatus) pickle at
room temperature. International Food Research Journal 19(4):
1629-1632.
NR: Nil
CIFA
13 Haniffa M A and Kavitha K. 2012. Antibacterial activity of
medicinal herbs against the fish pathogen Aeromonas
hydrophila. Journal of Agricultural Technology 8(1): 205-211.
NR: Nil
SXC
14 Haniffa M Aand Shanthi P. 2012. Phytochemical analysis and
antibacterial screening of medicinal plants against Aeromonas
hydrophila. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical
Research
NR: Nil
SXC
15 Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A and Manikandaraja D. 2012.
Induced ovulation and spawning of a striped snakehead murrel
Channa striatus (Bloch) under captive conditions. Journal of
Research in Animal Sciences 1(1): 033-039.
NR: Nil
SXC
16 Kuldeep K, Lalrinsanga P L, Sahoo M, Mohanty U L, Kumar R
and Sahu A K. 2013. Length-Weight Relationship and Condition
Factor of Anabas testudineus and Channa Species under
Different Culture Systems. World Journal of Fisheries and
Marine Science 5(1): 74-78.
NR: Nil
CIFA
17 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M and John De Britto
A. 2013. Invitro and Invivo Antimicrobial Effects of Wrightia
tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. against Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome
in Channa striatus. International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical sciences 5(3): 219-222.
NR: Nil
SXC
18 Haniffa M A, Kavitha Bharathi B, Viji Margaret I, Bilal Ahmad
Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2013. Effect of probiotics and
herbal additives on growth, survival and disease resistance of
NR: Nil
SXC
38
striped murrel. World Aquaculture 44(2): 64-67.
19 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P and James Milton M. In vitro
antibacterial activity of tissue extracts from four channids
against enteric pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology
9(6): 1437-1445.
NR: Nil
SXC
20 Ramesh S, Chelladurai G and Haniffa M A. 2013. Isolation of
enzyme producing bacterial from gut of Channa striatus fed on
different herbs and probiotics diet. International Journal
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(4): 195-198.
NR: Nil
SXC
21 Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. 2013. Preliminary Studies
on the Effect of Prey Length on Growth, Survival and
Cannibalism of Larval Snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch,
1793). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 45(2): 1-6.
NR: Nil
TNC
22 Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A, Manikandaraja D and James
Milton M. 2013. Breeding Behaviour and Parental Care of the
Induced Bred Striped Murrel Channa striatusunder Captive
Conditions. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
13: 707-711.
NR: 6.59
IF*: 0.591
SXC
23 Mohapatra S D, Kumar K, Jayasankar P and Barman H K. 2013.
Establishment of dry – down hypoxic stress treatment protocol
for snakehead freshwater fish, Channa striatus. International
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1(2): 36–39.
NR: Nil
CIFA
Papers in Press
1 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M and Kavitha K
2012. Protein Profiling for Phylogenetic Relationship of
Snakehead Species. Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences
NR: Nil
IF*: 0.614
SXC
2 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Kavitha K, Mat Jais A M. 2013.
Salutary values of striped snakehead- Channa striatus – A
review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
NR: Nil
SXC
3 Haniffa M A, Viji Margaret I, Kavitha Bharathi B and Jeya
Sheela P. 2013. Dietary administration of herbal additive
Phyllanthus niruri on growth performance and haematological
changes in striped snakehead Channa striatus. World
Aquaculture
NR: Nil
SXC
4 Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. Utilization of Poultry
excreta for high density production of Daphnia carinata (King
1853). Cost effective and environmental friendly technique.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
NR: Nil
TNC
5 Haniffa M A, Shanthi P, Kavitha K, Manikandaraja D and Jeya
Sheela P. 2013. Value Addition of Murrels: a Boon to Fish
Farmers. Fishing Chimes
NR: Nil
SXC
39
Papers communicated
1 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, Vigneswaran R and Kavitha K.
2012. Effect of Vitamins on Digestive Enzyme Activities and
Growth Performances of Striped Murrel Channa striatus.
Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
NR: Nil
SXC
2 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M, Kavitha K and
Ajaz Ali Bhat. 2012. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)
marker and principal component analysis (PCA) for species
identification and evolutionary analysis. Biochemical
Systematics and Ecology
NR: 7.15
SXC
3 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P and Kavitha K. 2012. Anesthetic
Efficacy of Clove Oil and its Impact on Hematological and
Biochemical Changes in Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793).
Turkish journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
NR: 6.59
IF*: 0.591
SXC
4 Bilal Ahamad Paray, Haniffa M A and Ananth Kumar Y.
Studies on Embryonic and Larval Development of Induced
Bred Channa striatus. Envirobiotech Journal
NR: Nil
SXC
5 Ajaz Ali Bhat, Haniffa M A, James Milton M, Bilal Ahmad,
Divya P R, Gopalakrishnan A. 2013. Genetic variation of
Striped Snakehead (Channa striatus, Bloch, 1793) populations
using RAPD markers. International Journal of Biodiversity
and Conservation
NR: Nil
SXC
*IF: Impact Factor
B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc.
S.
No.
Authors, Title of the papers
Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher, Year, Page No.
Respon
sible
Partne
r
1. Books
1 Sundararaj V and Haniffa M A. 2010. Veral Valarppu, p 248 Naveena
Velaanmai, Chennai, India
SXC
2 Haniffa M A. 2011. Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture, p 328 Dominant
Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
SXC
3 Sundararaj V. and Altaff K. 2012. Meen Valarpil Uyirunavugal, p 258 Naveena
Velanmei, Chennai, India
TNC
4 K. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Saurabh, M. Sahoo, A. K. Mohanty, P. Lalrinsanga, U.
L. Mohanty, A. K. Sahu and P. Jayasankar. 2012. Snakehead: Fishes fact sheets.
p 38 Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar
CIFA
2. Book Chapters
1 Eknath A E, Kumar K, Jena J K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N and Sahoo M.
2010. Murrel: An ideal fish for mass production (in) souvenir of Assam Matsya
CIFA
40
Mahotsav, organized by the Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Assam during 30th
Jan- 1st Feb 2010. p 5-8
2 Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M and Jahan, N. 2011.
Murrel Culture in Odisha-A Humble Beginning (in) Aquaculture Innovators, p
105-112, Radheshyam et al. (Eds), Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
CIFA
3 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel culture and its
popularization. (in) Training manual on Fish Breeding and Seed Production,
p37-45, KVK, CIFA (Eds), Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Odisha and KVK-
Khurda, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India.
CIFA
4 Kumar R, Kumar K, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel (Channa
striatus): Potential candidate species for nutritional security and livelihood
generation. (in) Souvenir: The world food day, p 49-51, S J Swain et al. (Eds),
Odisha Krishak Samaj, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
CIFA
5 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Saurabh S, Sahu B B, Sahoo M, Mohanty A,
Sahu A K and Jayasankar P. 2013. Snakehead fishes: Alternative candidate fish
for diversification aquaculture. pp- 119-132 (in) Aquaculture: New Possibilities
and Concerns, P-187 Sinha, V.R.P., Jayasankar, P. (Eds), Narendra Publishing
House, Delhi, India.
CIFA
6 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan
ebm Palan (Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training
manual on Jalkrishi mein Dakhata Vikash, p 50-54. Published by Director,
CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India on 15-19 July 2013.
CIFA
7 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan
ebm Palan (Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training
manual on Unnat mithajal matya palan, p 54-57. Published by Director, CIFA,
Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India. 12-16 December 2013
CIFA
8 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) ka beej utpadan
ebm Palan (Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training
manual on ‘Mithajal Matya palan mein unnat praudhogiki’, p56-59. Published
by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India. 20-24 December 2013
CIFA
3. Manual
1 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Arunsingh V and
Manikandaraja D. 2009. Veral Meen Valarpu (Tamil) Murrel Fish Culture
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India, p 20
S
X
C
2 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Sahu A K 2010.
(Odia) (Murrel Seed Production and Culture) Central Institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India, p20
CIFA
3 Kumar K, Sahu B B, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Sahu A K
2010. Value Addition: Flavours from Murrel (bilingual) Central Institute of
CIFA
41
Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar. p32
4 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M and Sahu A K. 2011. Murrel
farming- A manual for farmers. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India, p13
CIFA
5 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Mohanty A K and Sahu A K. 2012.
Murrel Culture and its popularization. Central Institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India, p25.
CIFA
6 Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Sahu A D and Sahu A K. 2013. Murrel
Machha chasa, prajanana o janla utpadana (Odia) (Breeding, Seed production
and culture of murrel). Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India, p25
CIFA
4. Abstracts
4.1 Papers Presented in International Conferences Abroad
1 Haniffa M A. 2010. Effect of Effinol ® FG incorporated diets on growth response
of Striped Snakehead Channa striatus (in) Proceedings of International
Conference on World Aquaculture 2010 - General Aquaculture session held
during 1 – 5 March 2010 at San Diego, California.
SXC
2 Haniffa M A. 2011. Effect of Probiotics on growth and microbiological changes
in snakehead Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (in)
Proceedings of International Conference on Aquaculture America 2011 - Fin
Fish Nutrition session held during 28th
February – 3rd
March 2011 at New
Orleans Marriott, New Orleans, Louisiana.
SXC
3 Haniffa M A and Abdul Kader Mydeen K P. 2012 Effects of medicinal herbs on
haematological and biochemical changes in Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes
fossilis and Cyprinus carpio challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (in)
Proceedings of International Conference on AQUA 2012, held during 1 – 5
September 2012 at Prague Czech Republic
SXC
4 Haniffa M A and Abdul Kader Mydeen.K P. Isolation and identification of
microflora Of Diseased Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Cyprinus
carpio and Treatment By Medicinal Herbs (in) Proceedings of International
Conference AQUA 2012, held during 1 – 5 September 2012 at Prague Czech
Republic
SXC
4.2 Abstracts in National Conferences
1 Kumar K, Damle, D K, Jahan N, Sahoo M, Mohanty U L, Kumar R. 2010.
Formulation of cost effective feeds from locally available animal based
ingredients for Channa striatus fingerlings (in) Golden Jubilee National Seminar
on Diversification of Aquaculture through locally available fish species (DALAF-
2010) held on 27-28 August 2010 at CIFE Centre, Kolkata, India
CIFA
2 Kumar K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N, Damle, D K and Sahoo M. 2011.
Production of snakeheads with different stocking densities in pond ecosystem.
(in) Proceedings of International Conference on Aquaculture Asia held during
17-21 January 2011 at Kochi, India.
CIFA
42
3 Manikandaraja D. 2011. Morphometric and Meristic Development of Larval and
Juvenile Snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) (in) Proceedings of
International Conference on Asian Pacific Aquaculture, held during 17-20
January 2011Kochi, Kerala, India
SXC
4 Bilal Ahmed Paray. 2011. Induced breeding and seed production of striped
murrel Channa striatus (in) Proceedings of International Conference on
Aquaculture Asia held during 17-21 January 2011 at Kochi, India.
SXC
5 Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N and Sahoo M. 2011. Effect of medicinal plant
crude extracts on the health of Channa striatus fingerlings (in) Proceedings of
National Conference on 9th
Indian Fisheries Forum held during 19-23 December
2011 by CMFRI at Chennai, India.
CIFA
6 Kumar K, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Eknath A
E. 2011. Murrel Culture-A panacea for the Farmers (in) Proceedings of National
Conference on 13th
Indian Agricultural Scientists and Farmers’ Congress held
during 19-20 February 2011 at Allahabad, India
CIFA
7 Hameedullah Sherief S, Haniffa M A, Kavitha K and Riyaz Ahmed A. 2012.
Molecular identification of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in striped
murrel Channa striatus (in) Proceedings on National Conference on
Biotechnological Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012, held during 1-3
February 2012, School of life Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India
SXC
8 Kavitha K, Haniffa M A and Sunitha K S. 2012. Prophylaxis and treatment of
Epizootic Ulcrerative Syndrome (EUS) in murrels (in) Proceedings on National
Conference on Biotechnological Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012,
held during 1-3 February 2012, School of life Sciences, Bharathiyar university,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
SXC
9 Manikandaraja D, Haniffa MA and Shanthi P. 2012. Length – Weight
Relationship and Condition Factor of Captured and Cultured Snakehead Channa
striatus(in) Proceedings on National Conference on Biotechnological
Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012, held during 1-3 February 2012,
School of life Sciences, Bharathiyar university, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
SXC
10 Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Kumar K, Sahoo M, Sahu A K, Jena J K and
Jayasankar, P. 2012. Murrel Farming: A New initiative in Odisha (in)
Proceedings of International Conference on Global Symposium on Aquatic
resources for eradicating hunger and malnutrition-opportunities and challenges
held during 4-6 December 2012 at Mangalore Fisheries College, Mangalore,
India
CIFA
11 Kumar R. 2012. Possibilities of murrel culture in Northern India (in) Proceedings
of International Conference on 14th
Indian Agricultural Scientist and Farmers’
Congress on Agriculture and Agripreneurship organized by Bioved research
CIFA
43
society, held during 18-19 February 2012 at Allahabad, U.P
12 Haniffa M.A. 2012. Problems and Challenges of Indian Aquaculture and
Attempts by CARE- A Review (in) Proceedings of National Conference on
Indian Science Congress Association, Regional Science Congress meet,
Coimbatore Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December 2012, Kongunadu Arts
and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
SXC
13 Bilal Ahmad Paray and Haniffa M.A. 2012. Effect of certain feeds on growth
and survival of striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) hatchlings as
test starter diets under captive conditions (in) Proceedings of National
Conference on Indian Science Congress Association, Regional Science Congress
meet, Coimbatore Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December 2012 Kongunadu
Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
SXC
14 JeyaSheela P, Haniffa M.A and Kavitha K. 2012. Medicative Values of Striped
Murrel, Channa striatus(in) Proceedings of National Conference on Indian
Science Congress Association, Regional Science Congress meet, Coimbatore
Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December 2012, Kongunadu Arts and Science
College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
SXC
15 Haniffa M A. 2013. Biodiversity and Food security (in) Proceedings of National
Conference on Food security Issues and Concerns, held during 21- 22 February,
2013, Arulanandar College, Karumathur, Tamil Nadu, India
SXC
5. Popular articles
1 Haniffa M A. 2009. ICAR NAIP sponsored workshop on breeding and seed
production of murrels. Fishing Chimes 29(8): 48 -51.
SXC
2 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, James Milton M, Arunsingh
S V and Ajaz Ali. 2009. Backyard Murrel Culture for Women. Infofish
International 6:14 -16.
3 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Arunsingh V and
Manikandaraja D. 2010. Fecundity of C. striatus (Bloch 1793) collected from
Tambraparni River. Fishing Chimes 30(7): 7-8
SXC
4 Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. Trainings on Seed
production, feed formulation, and culture of murrels. Fishing Chimes 30(8): 35-
38.
SXC
5 Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. ICAR-NAIP sub-
project workshops on seed production, feed formulation and disease management
in murrel culture. Fishing Chimes 30(8): 39-42
SXC
6 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viru Viru Labam Tharum Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Murrel
Fish Culture for Fast Income). Pasumai vikadan, 10.11.2010, p 4-9
SXC
7 Haniffa M A, Seenappa D, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2011. Murrel
Farming training to Fish farmers of Karnataka. Fishing Chimes 30(10&11): 52-
53.
SXC
8 Kumar K, Eknath A E, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M and Jahan N.
2011. Snake heads: Challenging fish for diversification of fish farming. Fishing
CIFA
44
Chimes 31(1): 110-113.
9 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M, Jahan N and
Eknath A E, 2011. Processing and value addition to murrel in value chain.
Fishing Chimes 31(1): 106-108.
CIFA
10 Haniffa M A. 2011. Popularization of Murrel Farming among Fish Farmers of
Hyderabad. Fishing Chimes 31(2): 27-29
SXC
11 Haniffa M A. 2011. A Value Chain on Murrel Production for Income Generation.
Fishing Chimes 31(5): 19-21
SXC
12 Haniffa M A. 2011. Villangam Illatha Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Harmless Murrel
Fish Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 25.09.2011, p 40-41
SXC
13 Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral Meen Valarppu Payirchi Mugaam (Tamil) (Murrel Fish
Training). Valarum Thamilagam, November 2011, p 34-35.
SXC
14 Haniffa M A. 2011. Pambuthalai Viralmeen, Meen Valarporukku Oru
Varaprasatham (Tamil) (Snakehead murrel fish culture- a boon to fish farmers).
Valarum Thamilagam, December 2011, p 36-37
SXC
15 Haniffa M A. 2011. Veeru Nadai Podum Viral Valarpu (Tamil) (Fast Growing
Murrel Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 10.12.2011, p 28-31.
SXC
16 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel Maccha Chasa O
tara Prasara (Odia) (Murrel farming and its popularization). Meenalok,
FISHCOPFED, Govt. of India, October-December 2012, p3-6.
CIFA
17 Haniffa M A. 2012. Thennaiku Idail Viral (Tamil) (Murrel Culture amidst
Coconut Trees). Pasumai vikadan, 10.02.2012, p 29-31
SXC
18 Haniffa M A. 2012. ICAR- NAIP Sponsored One day Training Programme on –
Seed Production, Feed Formulation and Culture of Murrels: 22 Sept 2011.
Fishing Chimes 31(12): 18-20
SXC
19 Haniffa M A and Mohamed Riyaz H. 2012. Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012. Fishing
Chimes 32(5): 9-12
SXC
20 Haniffa M A. 2013. Mana Aluthama, Viral Meen Biscuit Sapidunga (Tamil)
(Murrel biscuits a cure for depression). Kungumam, 26.08.2013, p 95-96.
SXC
21 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad.
2013. Nellai Fish Food Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 18-24
SXC
22 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad.
2013. Nanjil Food Fish Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 25-28
SXC
23 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2013. Sal seula macchara janla
utpadan (Odia) (Seed production of murrel) Meenalok FISHCOPFED, Govt. of
India, January-March 2013, p 10-13.
CIFA
6. Brochures
1 Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Jena, J K and
Eknath A E. 2010. Farming of Snakeheads. CIFA, Bhuabneswar
CIFA
2 Kumar K, Sahu B B, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Sahu A K,
Jena, J K and Eknath A E. 2010. Processing and value addition of murrel. CIFA,
CIFA
45
Bhuabneswar
7. CDs/ Videos produced by Lead Consortia, Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension, St.Xavier‟s College (SXC), Tamil Nadu
1 Haniffa M A. 2010. ICAR- NAIP Sub project activities – 2 minute Video Coverage (2009 -
2010).
2 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Culture Training Programme - Hyderabad, Chennai and
Coimbatore.
3 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Seed Production at CARE Aquafarm.
4 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Seed Production at Vallanadu Fish Farm.
5 Haniffa M A. 2010. Pelleted Feed Preparation for Large and Small Scale Murrel Culture
6 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Feeding at Vallanadu Fish Farm.
7 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Growout Culture at High Ground Aquafarm – Tirunelveli.
8 Haniffa M A. 2011. ICAR- NAIP Sub project activities – 2 minute Video coverage (2010 -
2011).
9 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Seed Production at Araikulam Fish Farm.
10 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Parental Care at Araikulam Fish Farm.
11 Haniffa M A. 2011. Semi Moist Feed Preparation for Murrel Culture.
12 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Table – Size Fish Production at CARE.
13 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Growout Culture at Arasan Aquafarm – Araikulam.
14 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Harvest at Araikulam Fish Farm.
15 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Harvest at Kaliyavoor Fish Farm.
16 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Fillet Preparation.
17 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Value Addition (Murrel Briyani, Cutlet, Fingerchips, Pickle).
18 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Harvest at Araikulam Fish Farm.
19 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Harvest at Veeralaperunselvi Fish Farm.
20 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012.
21 Haniffa M A. 2013. Murrel Fish Cookies.
22 Haniffa M A. 2013. Mass Culture of Live Feed.
23 Haniffa M A. 2013. Nellai Fish Food festival 2013
24 Haniffa M A. 2013. Nanjil Fish Food Festival 2013
7.2 CDs/ Videos produced by Partner Institute, CIFA, Orissa
1 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahu A K, Sahoo M, Jahan N and Eknath A E,
2010. Value addition of murrel.
13. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
S.
No.
CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc.
(Year wise)
No. of
Copies
Distrib
ution
Respons
ible
Partner
1 Pamphlet on “Farming of Snakeheads” was released by the
honourable Chief Minister, Assam on the occasion of Assam
250 240 CIFA
46
Matsya Mahotsav, organized by the Department of Fisheries,
Govt. of Assam during 30th
Jan- 1st Feb 2010
2 A training manual (in Oriya) on “Murrel Seed Production
and Culture” has been developed and it was released by the
Director, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Bhubaneswar 2010
150 130 CIFA
3 A pamphlet on “Processing and value addition of murrel” in
2010
300 275 CIFA
4 A training manual (bilingual) on “Value Addition: Flavours
from Murrel ” has been developed and it was released by the
Director, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Bhubaneswar.2010
25 20 CIFA
5 Fact sheet on murrels has been released by Honorable
Fisheries Minister Govt. of Assam on 6th
December 2010.
60 50 CIFA
6 CD on “Value addition of murrel” has been developed on
2010
25 20 CIFA
7 „MURREL FARMING- A manual for farmers‟ was
developed and it has been released by Secretary, Department
of Fisheries, Govt. of Assam, Guwahati during a Workshop
conducted in Assam on 11th
September 2011.
60 50 CIFA
8 Training manual on “Murrel culture and its popularization”
in Oriya, 2012
70 60 CIFA
9 Training manual on „Murrel Machha chasa, prajanana o janla
utpadana (odia) (Breeding, Seed production and culture of
murrel).2012
35 25 CIFA
10 CD on Murrel Seed Production at CARE Aquafarm. 600 595 SXC
11 CD on Murrel Seed Production at Vallanadu Fish Farm. 600 595 SXC
12 CD on Pelleted Feed Preparation for Large and Small Scale
Murrel Culture.
600 595 SXC
13 CD on Murrel Feeding at Vallanadu Fish Farm. 600 595 SXC
14 CD on Murrel Growout Culture at High Ground Aquafarm –
Tirunelveli
600 595 SXC
15 CD on Murrel Seed Production at Araikulam Fish Farm. 600 595 SXC
16 CD on Murrel Parental Care at Araikulam Fish Farm. 600 595 SXC
17 CD on Semi Moist Feed Preparation for Murrel Culture. 600 600 SXC
18 CD on Murrel Table – Size Fish Production at CARE. 600 550 SXC
19 CD on Murrel Growout Culture at Arasan Aquafarm –
Araikulam.
600 550 SXC
20 CD on Murrel Harvest at Araikulam Fish Farm. 600 580 SXC
21 CD on Murrel Harvest at Kaliyavoor Fish Farm. 600 580 SXC
22 CD on Murrel Fillet Preparation. 600 580 SXC
47
23 CD on Murrel Value Addition (Murrel Briyani, Cutlet,
Fingerchips, Pickle).
600 545 SXC
24 CD on Murrel Harvest at Veeralaperunselvi Fish Farm. 600 575 SXC
25 CD on Murrel Fish Cookies. 100 75 SXC
26 CD on Mass Culture of Live Feed. 250 225 SXC
14. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized
S.
No.
Details of Meetings/Seminars/Trainings, etc. Duration
(From-To)
No. of
Personnel
Trained
Organizer
(Name &
Address)
1 Formulation and Development of feed for
Murrels
22nd
- 24th
Mar. 2009
30 SXC
2 Workshop on Breeding and Seed Production
Techniques for Murrels
16th
-18th
Mar. 2009
30 SXC
3 Workshop on Seed Production and Feed
Formulation of murrels
30th
Jun.
2009
50
SXC
4 Induced Breeding and rearing Murrel larvae 7th
-9th
Oct.
2009
40 SXC
5 Workshop on Seed Production and Feed
Formulation for Murrel Farming
2nd
- 3rd
Feb.
2010
40 SXC
6 Workshop on Murrel farming for the farmers of
Pudduchery
31st Oct.
2009
12 CIFA
7 Workshop on “Murrel feed preparation” for the
farmers of Tamil Nadu
19th
Nov.
2009
15
CIFA
8 Training on “Murrel Seed Production and
Culture”
22-24th
Feb.
2010
45 CIFA
9 Workshop on “Murrel Seed Production and
Culture”
4-6th
Mar.
2010
42 CIFA
10 Training on “Value addition: Flavours from
Murrel”
24-25th
Sep.
2010
20 CIFA
11 Awareness programme on „Murrel culture‟ at
Nankar Bhaira, Nalbari, Assam
21st Nov.
2010
21 CIFA
12 Murrel culture and rearing of murrel larvae and
development of feed formulation. Puthu
Aayakudi, Palani, Tamil Nadu.
17th
Apr.
2010
30
SXC
13 Seed Production and Murrel farming. INFISH
2010, NFDB, Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh
10th
Jul.
2010
43 SXC
14 Seed production and murrel farming. Govt. Arts
College, Nandanam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
15th
Jul.
2010
43 SXC
48
15 Prophylaxis and Prevention of microbial
diseases for Murrel Culture at CARE, SXC.
4th
– 5th
Aug. 2010
33 SXC
16 Seed Production and Murrel farming. Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
19th
Aug.
2010
75
SXC
17 Training on Feed Formulation on Murrel culture 24th
-25th
Sep. 2010
20 SXC
1 Training for fish farmers and trainers. CIBA, RA
Puram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
29th
– 30th
Sep. 2010
10
SXC
18 Training for fish farmers and trainers. Matsya
Bhavan, Department of Fisheries, NFDB,
Hyderabad.
26th
Oct.
2010
10
SXC
19 Training for fish farmers and trainers. Inland
Fisheries Division, Bangalore.
18th
Nov.
2010
17
SXC
20 Training for fish farmers and trainers. St.
Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu.
14th
- 15th
Dec. 2010
26 SXC
21 Awareness programme on „Popularization of
murrel culture and other economical species in
Assam‟
11th
Sep.
2011
49 CIFA
22 One day Workshop on „BMP for murrel and
other economical species in Assam‟ at Nalbari.
12th
Sep.
2011
56 CIFA
23 Training on „ Murrel culture and its
popularization‟
7-9th
Feb.
2012
53 CIFA
24 Seed Production, Feed Formulation and Culture
of Murrels
22nd
Sep.
2011
30 SXC
25 Seed Production and Culture of Murrels 23rd
Nov.
2011
25 SXC
26 Commercial Murrel Culture 10th
Dec.
2011
68 SXC
27 Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012 7th
-8th
Jan.
2012
SXC
28 Workshop on Commercial Murrel Culture 9th
Feb.
2012
29 SXC
29 Workshop on Live and Formulated
F feed for Murrels
29th
– 30th
Mar., 2012
100 TNC
30 Nellai Fish Food Festival- 2013 7th
-9th
Feb
2013
SXC
31 Nanjil Fish Food Festival - 2013 16th
Mar.
2013
SXC
32 Training on „Breeding, seed production and
culture of murrel‟
5-7th
Sep.
2013
15 CIFA
33 Workshop on Murrel Culture and Value Added
Products
12th
Sep.
2013
42 SXC
49
15. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.
S.
No
Details of Meetings/Seminars/
Trainings/Radio talk, etc.(Name &Address)
Duration
(From-To)
Participant
(Name & Address)
Participation in International Conferences held Abroad
1 World Aquaculture 2010 at San Diego,
California
1-5 March 2010 Dr.M.A.Haniffa,
(As Resource Person)
SXC
2 Aquaculture America 2011 - Fin Fish Nutrition
session held at New Orleans Marriott, New
Orleans, Louisiana.
28 February – 3
March 2011
Dr.M.A.Haniffa,
(As Resource Person)
SXC
3 AQUA 2012 at Czech Republic
1-5 September
2012
Dr.M.A.Haniffa
( Two talks as
Resource Person)
SXC
Participation in National Conferences
1 National Meet on “Technological Innovations
in Agriculture” NASC complex, New Delhi
21-22 May 2010 Dr.M.A.Haniffa, SXC
Dr. Rajesh Kumar,
CIFA
2 TV talk on “murrel culture” during a
GRAMSAT programme on “diversification in
pisciculture” organized by Directorate of
Fisheries Orissa, Cuttack
27 August 2010 Dr. Kuldeep Kumar,
CIFA
3 Awareness program on “Murrel Culture” at
Nalbari, Assam
21 November
2010
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar,
CIFA
4 CAC meeting at St. Xavier College,
Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu
13-14 December
2010
Dr. Rajesh Kumar,
CIFA
5 Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2011 Kochi, India. 17-21 January
2011
Dr. Rajesh Kumar,
Dr. Minakshi Sahoo,
CIFA
6 Bioved Research Society meeting, Allahabad,
U.P
19-20 February
2011
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar,
Dr. Minakshi Sahoo,
CIFA
7 Annual review meeting at UAS, Dharwad 15-16 March
2011
Dr. A. K. Sahu,
CIFA
8 Meeting on „Gender dimension for manpower
planning in Agriculture‟ at Directorate of
Research on Women in Agriculture,
Bhubaneswar
8 July 2011
Dr. U.L. Mohanty
CIFA
50
9 National Workshop on „Strategies on
enhancement of productivity of IMC and
species diversification with special reference to
Magur, Murrel, Chitala, Pabda, Anabas,
Mahaseer and others in North-Eastern states‟.
Organized by NFDB, Ministry of Agriculture
Govt. of India at Guwahati.
8-9 July 2011
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar,
CIFA (delivered an
invited lecture on
„Prospects of murrel
culture in North East‟)
10 Workshop on „National Consultation on Gender
Perspective in Agriculture‟ at NASC Complex,
New Delhi
8-9 August, 2011
Dr. U.L. Mohanty
11 International Brainstorming Meet 2011 on
„Recent Advances In Fish Reproductive
Physiology‟ CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India.
16 August 2011.
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U. L. Mohanty
CIFA
12 National Seminar on „Sustaining Agricultural
Productivity and food Security under Changing
Climate‟ at Google Research Centre,
Bhubaneswar
11-12 November
2011
Dr. U.L. Mohanty
CIFA
13 Training program on „Murrel for farmers‟ at
Guwahati, Assam
20-21 December
2011
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar,
CIFA
14 99th
Indian Science Congress at KIIT
University, Bhubaneswar
3-7 January 2012 Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U.L. Mohanty
Dr. M. Sahoo
Ms A. K. Mohanty
CIFA
15 14th
Indian Agricultural Scientists & Farmers‟
Congress organized by Bioved Research
Society, Allahabad, U.P
18-19 Feb 2012 Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. M. Sahoo
CIFA
16 Technologies and Programmes for Second
Green Revolution in Eastern India at CRRI,
Cuttack
21-23 February,
2012
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
CIFA
17 National Conference on “Aquaculture: Fish for
Billion” at CIFA, Bhubaneswar
16-17 March
2012
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U.L. Mohanty
CIFA
18 National Workshop on “Gender in Fisheries: A
Future Roadmap”
CIFT, KOCHI, Kerala
4 April, 2012 Dr. U.L. Mohanty
CIFA
19 Workshop cum interactive meeting and training
camp with a view to offer an interactive
platform for the resource dependent
communities, at Kokrajhar, Assam
21-25 April 2012 Dr. Kuldeep Kumar
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
CIFA
20 National training on solid fermentation 29 May 2012 Dr. A. K. Sahu
51
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U. L. Mohanty
CIFA
21 Training programme on “Fish breeding and
seed production” organized by Department of
Fisheries, Govt. of Odisha and KVK- Khurda,
Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture
17 September –
16 October 2012
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U. L. Mohanty
(As Resource Person)
CIFA
22 International symposium on „Genomics in
Aquaculture‟, CIFA, Bhubaneswar
22-23 January
2013
Dr. A. K. Sahu
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U. L. Mohanty
Dr. M Sahoo
Ms A K Mohanty
CIFA
23 XI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CONGRESS on “Agricultural Education –
Shaping India‟s Future” OUAT, Bhuabneswar
7-9 February
2013
Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Dr. U. L. Mohanty
CIFA
24 Training Programme on “Competency
enhancement Programme for Technical Officers
of ICAR Institutes” at NAARM
13-22 May, 2013 Dr. U. L. Mohanty
CIFA
25 Consultation Workshop on „Development of
action plan for livelihood options‟ at Bali Island
of Sunderban
2 October 2013 Dr. Rajesh Kumar
CIFA
26 A talk on “Meeninam” during “Uzhavar
Uzhalagam” programme in All India Radio
23 June 2010 Dr. M. A. Haniffa,
SXC
27 Importance of zooplanktons in aquaculture and
effects of thermal and chemical stress on
zooplanktons, in National seminar on Recent
Trends in environmental Toxicology , BEED,
Maharashtra
24 July, 2010 Dr. K Altaff, TNC
28 A Radio talk on “Veralmeen Valarppu” on
Popularization of Murrel Culture in All India
Radio
31 August 2010 Dr. M. A. Haniffa,
SXC
29 Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2011 Kochi, India 17-21 January
2011
Dr. M. A. Haniffa,
SXC
30 Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2011 Kochi, India 17-21 January
2011
Mr. D. Manikandaraja,
SXC
31 Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2011 Kochi, India 17-21 January
2011
Mr.Bilal Ahmad
Paray,
SXC
52
32 Importance of live feed in aquaculture fin fish
and shell fish aquaculture in India and feeding
strategies in Proceedings of national seminar on
emerging trends and challenges in Aquatic
Biotechnology held at Adirampatnam,
Thanjavur
11-12 February
2011
Dr. K Altaff, TNC
33 Mathsya Mela 2011 Karnataka, Bengaluru. 18 – 21February
2011
Mr. Hameedullah
Sherief
Dr. S. Velmurugan,
Mr. Manikandaraja,
SXC
34 One day Refresher training on Procurement and
Financial Management at NIANP, Adugodi,
Bangalore.
21 February 2011 Mr. Hameedullah
Sherief,
Mr. Manikandaraja,
SXC
35 Madurai Symposium 2011 on “Advancing
Development Knowledge towards sustainable
livelihoods
16 September
2011
Mr. S. Hameedullah
Sherief,
Mr.D.Manikandaraja
SXC
36 Chennai Aquaculture Technology Meet,
Fisheries Research and Extension, TANUVAS,
Chennai, Tamilnadu
16 – 17
November 2011
Mr. Bilal Ahmed
Paray,
SXC
37 Rastryiya Krishimela 2011 held at University of
Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus,
Bangalore
16 – 20
November 2011
Mr. S. Hameedullah
Sherief,
Mr.D.Manikandaraja
SXC
38 National Conference on Biotechnological
Approaches in Aquaculture, Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu
1 – 3 February
2012
Dr.M.A.Haniffa,
(As Resource Person)
Mr.S.Hameedullah
Sherief,
Mr.D. Manikandaraja,
Ms.K. Kavitha,
Ms.P.Jeya Sheela
SXC
39 Workshop on advances in aquaculture
techniques (WAAT), Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli-620 024
20 – 24 February
2012
Mr. Mehraj ud din war
TNC,
40 Indian Science Congress Association Meet,
Regional Science Congress meet, Coimbatore
Chapter, Tamil Nadu
15 - 16 December
2012
Dr.M.A.Haniffa
(As Resource Person)
Mr.Bilal Ahmad Paray
Ms. P.Jeya Sheela,
SXC
53
41 12th
Implementation Support Mission (ISM) of
the World Bank, TNAU, Coimbatore
22- 25 January
2012
Dr.M.A.Haniffa,
SXC
42 Biodiversity and Food security at Arulanandar
College, Karumathur
21- 22 February,
2013
Dr.M.A.Haniffa
(As Resource Person)
SXC
43 Intellectual Property Rights- Awareness, Tamil
Nadu
13 September
2013
Mrs. P.Jeya Sheela
SXC
44 Fish Feed Formulation at Tuticorin Fisheries
University, Tuticorin
22 October 2013 Mrs. P.Jeya Sheela
SXC
45 A lead talk in „National Symposium on
Biotechnology for Sustainable Community
Livelihood (BSCL 2014)‟ at Annai Velankanni
College, Tamil Nadu
23-24 January
2014
Mr.D.Manikandaraja
(delivered a lead talk
on „Aquaculture
Techniques for Murrel
Culture‟
SXC
16. Foreign Trainings/ Undertaken (National/ International) : Not Sanctioned
17. Performance Indicators (from inception to completion)
S.
No. Indicator Total No.
1. No. of production technologies released and/or adopted 7
2. No. of processing technologies released and/or adopted 2
3. Number of technologies/products commercialized based on NAIP
research 1
4. No. of new rural industries/enterprises established/ upgraded Nil
5. No. of product groups for which quality grades developed and agreed Nil
6. Total no. of private sector organizations (including NGOs)
participating in consortium 11
7. No. of farmers involved in consortia activities 52 (Tamil Nadu)+
86(Orissa) = 138
8. Total number of farmers‟ group developed for marketing and
processing 2
9. Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed
based on NAIP research 2
10. Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published
based on NAIP research Nil
11. Number of scientists trained overseas in the frontier areas of science Nil
12. Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject area Nil
13. No. of scientists participated in conference/seminar etc. abroad 1
14. No. of training organized/ farmers trained
Trai
ning
No.
Farmers
No.
1119
54
33
15. Success stories 16 (Refer
Annexure IV)
16. Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH)
Baseli
ne Final
17. Increase in income of participating households (` per annum)
Baseli
ne Final
18. Number of novel tools/protocols/methodologies developed 9
19. Publications
Articles in NAAS rated journals 7
Articles in other journals 16
Book(s) 4
Book chapter(s) 8
Thesis 11
Popular article(s) (English) 14
Newspaper article(s) 40
Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 11
Technical bulletin(s) 2
Manual(s) 6
CDs/Videos 25
Popular article(s) in other language 9
Folder/Leaflet/Handout -
Report(s) -
18. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S. No. Type of Employment Generation Employment
Generation
up to End of
Sub-project
Responsible
Partner
1. Seed production and Murrel farming by farmers
(entrepreneurship/self-employment)
3,139 CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
2. Engagement of manpower (workman) for murrel
farming (man-days/year)
11,680 CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
19. Assets Generated
(Details to be given on equipments and works undertaken in the sub-project, costing more
than ` 10,000/- in each case)
(i) Equipment/ Vehicles/ Research Facilities
S.No. Name of the equipment with
manufacturers name, model and Sr.No.
Year of
purchase
Quantity
(Nos.)
Total cost (in
lakhs)
Responsible
consortium
1 Fiber tank 2009 5 3,41,250.00 SXC
55
2 Electronic balance (Shimadzu Japan
AX220)
2009 1 85,280.00 SXC
3 Computers (HCL) 2009 1 49,800.00 SXC
4 Feed pelletizer 2009 1 8,57,428.00 SXC
5 Ozone generator 2009 1 4,40,875.00 SXC
6 Oxygen cylinder (BTYPE) 2010 2 11,648.00 SXC
7 Research Microscope (Olympus: CH20i) 2009 1 1,87,200.00 SXC
8 Pipettes 2009 20 60,320.00 SXC
9 Digital camera (Nikon D 3000) 2010 1 30,300.00 SXC
10 Laminor Airflow (New Lab ) 2009 1 57,660.00 SXC
11 Xerox Machine (Canon Digital Copier : iR
2018N)
2009 1 1,07,501.00 SXC
12 Deep Freezer (DFS 290) 2009 1 1,82,000.00 SXC
13 Fax machine (CANON 4350D) 2009 1 18,900.00 SXC
14 Refrigerators (GL 278VA4,
GL211SAG4)
2009 2 27,400.00 SXC
15 Diesel generator 2009 1 2,89,000.00 SXC
16 Air Conditioner (ONIDA 3.0 ton) 2009 1 31,500.00 SXC
17 LCD with Laptop (Sony: VPL – EX50 ) 2009 1 64,990.00 SXC
18 Monoblock motors (TEXMO) 2009 4 41,207.00 SXC
19 Binocular Microscope (Olympus: CH20i) 2009 1 41,800.00 SXC
20 Statistical software (Image analysis
software)
2009 1 40,360.00 SXC
21 Auto clave (EQUITRON) 2010 1 97,240.00 SXC
22 KG Balance (ECB 300, ECB 3000) 2009 2 8,320.00 SXC
23 Hot air oven 2009 1 62,080.00 SXC
24 Refrigerated centrifuge (REMI C 24B1) 2009 1 1,66,348.00 SXC
25 Water Bath (S.S. Digital) 2009 1 14,137.50 SXC
26 Fencing net 2009 160 m 92,000.00 SXC
27 Digital PH meter (ELiCO model no. LI
127)
2009 1 6,340.00 SXC
28 Digital DO analyser (831E DO meter) 2009 1 5,710.00 SXC
29 Microtome (PICOASI) 2009 1 19,406.00 SXC
30 Salanometer ATAGO) 2009 1 10,688.00 SXC
31 Submersible motor & Accessories
(DECCAN )
2009 3 1,67,400.00 SXC
32 Video camera (HDR-XR 100 E) 2009 1 49,000.00 SXC
33 Fishing nets 2009 20 80,774.00 SXC
34 C-Mount 0.7X Relay lens (Cat no.
MBB73520)
2009 1 38,590.00 SXC
35. Microscope image projection system 2009 1 40,512 SXC
36 Microscope with laptop
(Olympus trinocular microscope, model
CX31 with HP Pavillion)
2009-10 1 2,89,868 CIFA
37 Deep freezer (Voltas Deep Freezer, 2009-10 2 58, 000 CIFA
56
Model- 500 Ltr, D. D. Metal top)
38 Camera (Nikon camera Model : P 80
coolpix)
2009-10 1 22,500 CIFA
39 Meat mill (Local product) 2009-10 1 10,169 CIFA
40 FRP Tanks (M. R. Aqua Tech.)
2013-14 10 (500
L)
15 (200
L)
2,04,850 CIFA
41 Honda Brush Cutter, Model- UMK 435 T 2013-14 1 26,675 CIFA
42 Electronic Balance,
Model- Citizen CX 220
2013-14 1 78,750 CIFA
43 pH Meter 2013-14 1 33,667 CIFA
44 DO meter 2013-14 1 1,07,825 CIFA
45 Refractometer 2013-14 1 43,130 CIFA
46 Tissue homoginiser
Model. RQT-124/A,
2013-14 1 15,890 CIFA
47 Water-bath with shaker
Model.- BDI-67
2013-14 1 66,965 CIFA
48 Water Purifier,
Model- AQUELIX 5
2013-14 1 2,61,050 CIFA
49 Cooling Centrifuge
Remi, India
2013-14 1 3,29,718 CIFA
50 Refrigerator (Vestfrost) 2013-14 2 1,32,296 CIFA
51 Kirloskar 10 KVA silent DG Set. 2013-14 1 3,37,000 CIFA
52 Diesel pumps (5hp & 4hp), Kirlosker. 2013-14 1 5hp
1 4hp
94,500 CIFA
53 Inverter (common name- SRC 3000UXI)
Model No. APC smart-UPS RC 3000VA
230v
2013-14 1 89,460 CIFA
54 Air Blower
Model No.- GP7500, Model No.-GP3000
2013-14 1 5,66,365 CIFA
55 Feed pelletizer, Fabricated 2010-11 1 8,21,520.00 TNC
ii) Research Facilities: Books
S. No. Name of the Research facilities and
Address of Agency
Year of
Purchase
Quantity
(Nos.)
Total
cost (`in
Rs.)
Responsibl
e Partner
1 M/S Narendra Publishing House, 141
Kishan Dutt Street, Maliwara-110 006
2009 11 14000 SXC
2 M/S, Daya Publishing House, Publishers
and Distributors, 4760- 61/23, Ansari
Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002
2009 85 70537 SXC
57
3 M/S Narendra Publishing House, 141
Kishan Dutt Street, Maliwara-110 006
2009 12 60,657 CIFA
4 M/S Narendra Publishing House, 141
Kishan Dutt Street, Maliwara-110 006
2009 21 22924 SXC
5 M/S, Daya Publishing House, Publishers
and Distributors, 4760- 61/23, Ansari
Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002
2009 12 14799 SXC
6 M/s. Abishek Book Agency
Block A, Plot No 49/A, Second Floor,
Krishan Vihar, Delhi-110086
2010 23 18204 SXC
7 M/s. A & A Book House, T.C-14/1130
(1), ST.George Lane, Kumarapuram
Medical College Post, Trivandrum-
695011
2010 49 36869 SXC
8 M/s. Agrobios, Behind Nasrani Cinema,
Chopasani road, Jodhpur- 342002
2010 6 3663 SXC
9 M/s. Sri Ram Book Agency, 69, P.V
Ammal Street, West Mambalam,
Chennai- 600033
2010 2 1300 SXC
10 M/S. Eagle Book Centre, Opposite VOC
Ground, 168, Trivandrum Road,
Palayamkottai- 627002
2010 24 9464 SXC
11 M/S. Velavan Book Centre, 104- A,
Trivandrum Road, Opposite VOC
Ground, Palayamkottai
2010 4 35000 SXC
12 M/s. Abishek Book Agency
Block A, Plot No 49/A, Second Floor,
Krishan Vihar, Delhi-110086
2011 12 80658 SXC
13 M/S. Meena Enterprises, H-250,
Housing Board, Ellis Nagar, Madurai -
625010
2011 11 9560 SXC
14 M/S. Velavan Book Centre, 104- A,
Trivandrum Road, Opposite VOC
Ground, Palayamkottai
2011 5 23499 SXC
15 M/S. Power Book House, Old No:13,
New No: 12, Kalki Nagar Main Road,
Arumbakkam, Chennai
2011 19 24214 SXC
16 M/S. Eagle Book Centre, Opposite VOC
Ground, 168, Trivandrum Road,
Palayamkottai- 627002
2011 7 2630 SXC
17 M/S Agrosciences Book Centre, 19B,
Daryaganj, ansary Road, NEW Delhi-
110 002
2010 17 62,370 CIFA
58
18 M/S Narendra Publishing House, 141
Kishan Dutt Street, Maliwara-110 006
2011 8 42,860 CIFA
19 M/s. New India Publishing Agency,
101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block,
L.S.C. Mkt, Pitampura, New Delhi-
110088
2011 5 6444 SXC
20 M/s. Abhishek Book Agency,
Block A, Plot No 49/A, Second Floor,
Krishan Vihar, Delhi-110086
2012 32 125486 SXC
21 M/S Books Media,
A 3/53, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi
110063
2012 24 62,544 CIFA
(iii)Works
S.No. Particulars of the work, name and
address of agency awarded the
work and site of construction
Year of
work
done
Quantity
(Nos.)
Total cost
(Rs.)
Responsible
consortium
1. Earthern Ponds
M/S S.Kamaraj
Building Contractor
57,Senthil Nagar
Palayamkottai
2009 4 nos. (7m x
3m x 1.5 m
each)
2,31,850 SXC
2. Cement Tanks
M/S Muthu Construction
No,23 A Kottur Road
Palayamkottai
2010 12 nos.
(1.5m x
1.0m x 1.0m
each)
1,10,820 SXC
3. Moina unit
M/S Muthu Construction
No,23 A Kottur Road
Palayamkottai
2010 6 nos. (5m x
5m x 2m
each)
2,27,974.00 SXC
4. Larval Rearing Unit I
M/S New Bharath Builders
92/18A/2, Nethaji Road
Melapalayam
2010 10.75m x
10.10m x
4.3m
9,57,700 SXC
5. Larval Rearing Unit II
M/S A.Mohamed Nowfal
&M/S St.George Engineering
Works& M/S AKR Fabricators
Palayamkottai-627002.
2010 1.75m x
5.5m x 2.5m
4,29,038 SXC
6. Seed Production and Larviculture
Infrastructure
M/S Asian Analytical Laboratories
2010 18 Wooden
Stands,
135 Glass
26,06,560 SXC
59
Pvt .Ltd
4/2 Bharathiyar Street
ECR,Palavakkam, Chennai-41.
Tanks,
6 Filteration
units
7. Laterite lining of two ponds M/S K.
C. Mohanty
Plot No. S/2, Indira Gandhi Housing
Board Colony, Sisupalgarh, BBSR
2009 2 2,49,992 CIFA
8. Renovation of old facilities into feed &
store room by M/S Dhurandhar Parida
C/o Nayak Medical Store, Uttara, P.O.
Kausalyaganga, BBSR-2
2009 1 49,004
CIFA
9. Construction of cement cisterns for larval
rearing by M/S K. C. Mohanty Plot No.
S/2, IndiraGandhi Housing Board
Colony, Sisupalgarh, BBSR
2009 8 (5x3 m2) 4,98,814 CIFA
10. Construction of hatchery shed for
larval rearing by M/S Parsuram
Biswal
Uttara, Near Petrol Pump,
Kausalyaganga, BBSR-2
2009 1 4,78,426 CIFA
11. Construction of small cement
cisterns (2 x 1 m2) for larval rearing
by M/S K. C. Mohanty, Plot No. S/2,
Indira Gandhi Housing Board
Colony, Sisupalgarh, BBSR
2010 12 (2x1 m2) 3,89,287 CIFA
11. Construction of Hatchery, bore well,
drain, pipeline etc. by M/S Parsuram
Biswal, Uttara, Near Petrol Pump,
Kausalyaganga, BBSR-2
2010 1
4,98,046
CIFA
12. Renovation of pond by laterite
lining
Making of cement tank (2 x 1 m2),
Pipeline arrangement
by M/S K. C. Mohanty Plot No.
S/2, Indira Gandhi Housing Board
Colony, Sisupalgarh, BBSR
2010 1
7
2,66,884 CIFA
13 Electrification of hatchery
C/O. Subas Behera
Qrs. No. 2R-II(P), Unit 1,Ashok
Nagar, BBSR-9
2010 20,176 CIFA
(iv) Livestock
(Details of livestock procured/produced in the sub-project)
60
S. No. Details of Livestock
(Breed, etc.)
Year of
Procurement/
Production
Nos. Total
Cost
Responsible
Partner
1 Nil NA NA NA NA
(v) Revenue Generated
(Details may be given on revenue generated in the sub-project viz., sale of seeds, farm
produce, products, patents, commercialization, training, etc.)
S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount
(`)
Responsible
Partner
1. By supply of Murrel Fingerlings 2009 -
2010
5000 Lead Consortium –
CARE,SXC
20. Awards and Recognitions
S.
No.
Name,
Designation,
Address of
the Person
Award/
Recognition
(with Date)
Institution/ Society
Facilitating (Name &
Address)
Responsible
Partner
1 Dr Kuldeep Kumar,
Principal Scientist, CIFA,
Bhubaneswar-2
Scientist of the
year 2009
BIOVED Research Institute
of Agriculture and
Technology, Allahabad, UP
CIFA
2 Dr.M.A.Haniffa, CARE,
St. Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai
Best
Appreciation
Certificate, 2010
ICAR, New Delhi SXC
3 Dr.M.A.Haniffa, CARE,
St. Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai
Received
memento, 2010
INFISH 2010, NFDB,
Hyderabad SXC
4 Dr.M.A.Haniffa, CARE,
St. Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai
Received
memento for
best Recipe,
2010
INFISH 2010, NFDB,
Hyderabad SXC
5 Mr. S.Hameedullah Sherief
– RA, CARE, St. Xavier‟s
College
Received
memento, 2011 Mathsya Mela Karnataka SXC
6
Mr. S.Hameedullah Sherief
– RA, CARE, St. Xavier‟s
College
Received second
prize for fish
recipe
competition,
2011
Mathsya Mela Karnataka SXC
7 D.Manikandaraja SRF,
CARE, St. Xavier‟s
College
Received Award
for best exhibits,
2011
Mathsya Mela Karnataka SXC
61
8 Dr.M.A.Haniffa, CARE,
St. Xavier‟s College,
Palayamkottai
A memento,
2011
DHAN Vayalagam (Tank)
Foundation, Madurai,
Tamilnadu
SXC
9 Dr Rajesh Kumar (one of
the team member),
Scientist, CIFA,
Bhubaneswar-2
Krushakabandhu
Team Award
2011
Orissa Krushak Samaj,
Bhubaneswar, Orissa. CIFA
10 Dr Rajesh Kumar
Scientist, CIFA,
Bhubaneswar-2
Young Scientist
Award, 2012
BIOVED Research Institute
of Agriculture and
Technology, Allahabad, UP
CIFA
11
Dr.(Mrs.) Minakshi Sahoo,
SRF, CIFA, Bhubaneswar-
2
Young Scientist
Award, 2011
BIOVED Research Institute
of Agriculture and
Technology, Allahabad, UP
CIFA
12 Dr.(Mrs) Minakshi Sahoo ,
SRF, CIFA, Bhubaneswar-
2
Distinguished
service award
2012
BIOVED Research Institute
of Agriculture and
Technology, Allahabad, UP
CIFA
21. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability
Linkages have been developed with reputed laboratories / organizations for various activities:
S.No. Studies / Activities Laboratories / Organizations
1. Medicinal value of Murrels Manian laboratories, Coimbatore;
Antartica College of Pharmacy, Tirunelveli;
Changethu Ayurvedic Hospital and Research
Centre, Kerala
2. Commercialization of
Murrel Value Added
Products
Millennium Exports, Chennai;
Arasan Super Market, Tirunelveli;
Shrimpex Aqua House, Cochin
3. Marketing of Live Murrels Fish Vendors from Tirunelveli, Tenkasi,
Virudhunagar, Madurai, Coimbatore, Chennai,
Thrissur, Cochin and Hyderabad
CARE has a network of 1119 fish farmers in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and
Punjab
All activities are updated in our website www.caresxc.org.
Most of the video CDs are available in Youtube (as Murrel Culture)
Regular training and workshop are conducted.
Linkages established with Tirunelveli Corporation, District Collectorate of Tirunelveli,
FFDA, KVKs, NFDB, SHGs, NGOs and State Fisheries Colleges, State Fisheries
Departments (Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai).
Established network of fish vendors from Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, Virudhunagar, Madurai,
Coimbatore, Chennai, Thrissur, Cochin and Hyderabad.
Awareness on popularization by media via. Newspapers, technical manuals, Radio Talks, TV
Programmes, etc.
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CART) established in September 2013 at
KIFVI, Kalakad Village for regular training and workshop.
62
CARE as a liaison between stakeholders and fish farmers for seed supply.
Liaison between fish farmers and fish vendors for supply of table size murrels
22. Possible Future Line of Work
(Comments/suggestions of CPI regarding possible future line of work that may be taken up
arising out of this sub-project)
1. Establishment of permanent hatchery at Centre for Aqua culture Research and Training
(CART), Kings Farm Ville, established in September 2013 at Kalakkad Village, to supply
murrel seeds to farmers throughout the year.
2. Popularisation of medicinal value of murrels especially for treatment of wound, arthritis and
convalescence by establishing tie up with Siddha and Ayurvedic Hospitals.
3. Studies on molecular characterization and gene expression of aetiological agent with regard
to common occurrence of EUS in murrels.
4. There is a common psychology that murrels are highly predatory. But our experience shows
murrel compatability with other species. Our future studies include murrel breeding
behaviour, parental care, cannabolistic behaviour and compatability with other fishes etc, for
which only few reports are available.
5. To overcome the loss due to death of murrels, fish vendors have to be trained for the
preparation of fillet from dead murrels as well as safe transport of live murrels from the
harvested area to markets.
6. Popularization has yet to be made with regard to cold storage of fillet and its usage for the
preparation of ready to eat and ready to cook products among SHGs, Housewives, and
Officegoers.
7. Future Studies on Biodiversity status of different murrels (edible and ornamental) from
ponds, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs of different states of India are necessary.
8. Conservation of threatened murrel species by seed production and river ranching attempts is
yet to be made in India.
23. Personnel
(Staff of Lead Centre & Partner-wise, their Name, Designation, Discipline and Duration)
From – To (DD/MM/YYYY)
Research Management (CL)
1. Rev.Dr.S.Alphonse Manickam S.J. , Principal 01.11. 2008- 31.5. 2012
2. Rev.Dr.A.Joseph S.J., Principal 01.06. 2012- 31.05.2013
3. Rev.Dr.V.Gilburt Camillus S.J., Principal 01.06.2013 – 31.03.2014
Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)
4. Dr.M.A.Haniffa, CPI 01.11.2008 – 31.3.2014
5. Dr.A.John De Britto, CCPI 01.11.2008 – 31.3 2009
6. Dr.K.Altaff, CCPI 01.11.2008 – 31.3. 2012
7. Dr. A.K. Sahu, CCPI 01.10.2008 - 30.09.2013
8. Dr. Kuldeep Kumar, CCPI 01.10.2008 - 31.03.2013
63
9. Dr. Rajesh Kumar, CCPI 01.10.2008 - till date
Technical (CPI, CCPI, others)
10. Dr. (Mrs.) U.L. Mohanty, CIFA 01.10.2008 to till date
11. Mr.A.Alagianambi, SXC 01.11.2008 – 31.07.2009
12. Mrs.S.Lakshmi Priya, SXC 10.08.2009 – 31.3.2014
Contractual (CPI, CCPI, others)
13. Mr.M.Dhanaraj, SXC 01.11.2008 – 01.05.2010
14. Mr.C.Muthuramakrishnan, SXC 01.11.2008 – 01.05.2010
15. Mr.S.V.Arun Singh, SXC 01.11.2008 – 01.05.2010
16. Mr.D.Manikandaraja, SXC 01.11.2008 – 31.10.2012
08.03.2013 – till date
17. Mr.Bilal Ahmad Paray, SXC 01.11.2008- 31.05.2010
01.08.2010 – 31.03.2011
01.07.2012 – till date
18. Mr.C.Palpandi, SXC 01.06.2010 – 31.07.2010
19. Mr.S.Hameedullah Sherief, SXC 01.06.2010 – 31.03.2012
20. Mr.S.Sankar Ram, SXC 01.06.2010 – 31.07.2010
21. Miss.P.Shanthi, SXC 01.06.2010- 31.10.2011
22. Mr.S.Velmurugan, SXC 03.08.2010 – 31.03.2011
23. Miss.K.Kavitha, SXC 01.04.2011 – 31.03.2012
01.11.2012 – till date
24. Miss.K.Lavanya, SXC 01.04.2011 – 31.10.2011
25. Miss.P.Jeya Sheela, SXC 01.11.2011 – 31.03.2012
01.06.2012 – till date
26. Dr.R.Arthimanju, SXC 01.11.2011 – 31.03.2012
27. Dr.M.James Milton, SXC 01.04.2012 – 07.03.2013
28. Dr.Ajaz Ali Bhat, SXC 01.04.2012 – 31.10.2012
29. Miss.B.Kavitha Bharathi, SXC 01.04.2012 – 30.06.2012
30. Miss.D.Viji Margret, SXC 01.04.2012 -30.06.2012
31. Mr.S.Ramesh, SXC 01.04.2012 – 30.06.2012
32. Mr.K.Venkatesh, SXC 01.11.2012 – 31.03.2013
33. D.Pushparani, SXC 01.04.2013 – till date
34. Ms. Noor Jahan, CIFA 20.01.2009 - 31.10.2011
35. Mr. D. Damle, CIFA 21.01.2009 - 13.11.2009
36. Dr. (Mrs.) Minakshi Sahoo, CIFA 05.12.2009 - till date
37. Ms. Amita Kumari Mohanty, CIFA 15.12.2011 - 15.05.2013
38. Mrs. Anjana Devi Sahu, CIFA 04.06.2013 - till date
39. Mr. Mehraj Ud Din War 01.11.2008 – 31.03.2012
64
24. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Committee
Name
Chairman
(From-To)
Members
(From-To)
1. CIC
Dr.V.Sundararaj
(2008 – 2014)
19th
October 2010
1. Mr.T.Dharmaraj, Dean of Arts
2. Dr. A. Lourdusamy, Dean of Science
3. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
14th
September 2011
1. 1.Dr.P.Lourdes Poobala Rayan, Dean of Arts
2. 2. Dr.A.Lourdusamy,
3. Dean of Science
4. 3. J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
10th
January 2013
1. Dr.P.Lourdes Poobala Rayan, Dean of Arts
2. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
3. Dr.A.Lourdusamy,
Dean of Science
7th
March 2013
1. Dr.P.Lourdes Poobala Rayan, Dean of Arts
2. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
3. Dr.A.Lourdu Samy, Dean of Science
2. CAC 11th May 2010
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
3-5th
August 2010
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
3. Mr.S.Sivasuryanarayanan, Member, CAC
4. Mr.S.Manikkaraj,Member, CAC
13th
December 2010
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
1. 2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
2. 3. Mr.S.Sivasuryanarayanan, Member, CAC
3. 4. Mr.S.Manikkaraj,Member, CAC
23rd
March 2011
1. 1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. 2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
11th
August 2011
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
3. 3. Mr.Phlip Abraham, Member, CAC
4. 4. Mr.H.Peer Mohamed Rafik,Member, CAC
18th
October 2011
3. 1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
9th
January 2013
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
65
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
4. 3. Mr.H.Mohammed Riyaz, Member, CAC
5. 4.Mr.S.Muthukumar, Member, CAC
8th
March 2013
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman, CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
31st July 2013
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman,CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
3. Mr.S.Sivasuryanarayanan, Member, CAC
4. Muruga Pandi, Member, CAC
7th
November 2013
1. Dr.V.Sundararaj, Chairman, CAC
2. Dr.G.S.Vijayalakshmi, Member, CAC
3. CMU 15th
September 2010
1. Dr.A.Dhananjayan, Head, Dept of Folklore
2. Dr.P.Devaraju, Head, Dept of Economics
3. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
4. Dr.Dharmaraj, Dean of Arts
15th
September 2011
1. Dr.P.Devaraju, Head, Dept of Economics
2. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
3. Dr.P.Lourdes Poobala Rayan, Dean of Arts
4. Dr.A.Dhananjayan, Head, Dept of Folklore
9th
January 2013
1. Dr.A.Dhananjayan, Head, Dept of Folklore
2. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
6th
March 2013
5. Dr.S.V.L.Michael, Head, Dept of Economics
6. Mr.J.Carmel Rajan, Superintendent
7. Dr.P.Lourdes Poobala Rayan, Dean of Arts
3. Dr.A.Dhananjayan, Head, Dept of Folklore
B. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Details of the meeting Date Place & Address (Where meeting
was organized)
1. CIC 19th
October 2010
CARE,
St.Xavier‟s College,
14th
September 2011
10th
January 2013
07th
Mach 2013
2. CAC 11th
May 2010
3-5th
August 2010
13th
December 2010
23rd
March 2011
11th
August 2011
18th
October 2011
66
9th
January 2013 Palayamkottai.
8th
March 2013
31st July 2013
7th
November 2013
3. CMU 15th
September 2010
15th
September 2011
11th
January 2013
6th
March 2013
67
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE (Final) for St.Xavier‟s College (Lead Institute)
(Period from 01.11.2008 to 31.03.2013)
Sanction Letter No. F.No. 1(5)/2007- NAIP dt. August 22, 2008
Total Sub-project Cost: Rs. 454.76 lakhs
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable): Rs.317.41/- lakhs
Date of Commencement of Sub-project: 01.11.2008
Duration: From 01.11.2008 to 31.03.2014 (DD/MM/YYYY)
Funds Received in each year
I Year `Rs.10846000/-
II Year `Rs.3013941/-
III Year ` Rs.3602600/-
IV Year Rs.3452902/-
V Year Rs.3108316/-
Bank Interest received on fund (if any) ` Rs.403310/-
Total amount received ` Rs.240.75/- lakhs
Total expenditure ` Rs.238.67/- Lakhs
68
PART-IV: DECLARATION
This is to certify that the final report of the Sub-project has been submitted in full
consultation with the consortium partners in accordance with the approved objectives and
technical programme and the relevant records, note books; materials are available for the same.
Place:_________
Date:_________ Signature of Consortium Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Signature & Date
Consortium Co-Principal Investigator
Comments & Signature of Consortium Leader
Date:
69
Proforma -1
Validation of Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
(F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI:Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu.
CCPIs:Dr.A.K.Sahu, Dr.Kuldeep Kumar & Dr.Rajesh Kumar,CIFA, Bhubaneswar.
3. Title of the Technology: Murrel Seed Production
4. Information on Existing Farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in
the Target Area:
At present, farmers who are culturing murrels buy seeds from fishermen who collect
them from the wild. Most farmers who are interested in murrel farming are unable to culture
murrels due to non availability of seeds. Murrel seed collection from the wild is unpredictable
due to non availability of murrel brooders as well as monsoon failure. Moreover, murrel farmers
are not familiar to seed production by induced breeding and/ or artificial fertilization. At this
juncture, through the present ICAR- NAIP subproject, 1119 farmers were trained in Tamilnadu
and Orissa for various seed production techniques associated with murrel farming.
Before implementation of NAIP subproject farmers collected seeds from the
wild/purchased seeds from fishermen and released them into village ponds/lakes during rainy
season (October-December). During summer (April-May) when ponds/lakes dried, they
harvested table size fish and sold them to markets. At present also, such practice is going on but
slowly, the murrel farmers are changing their attitude i.e., instead of purchasing the seeds from
middle men, they are producing their own seeds for farming.
5. Key Intervention(s) Introduced:
Succeeded in seed production of striped murrel Channa striatus and giant murrel
C. marulius in indoor farm and upscaling of seed production at stakeholders farms in
Tamilnadu and Orissa.
A breakthrough was made for year round availability of murrel fingerlings by induced
breeding for farming.
6. Results
Status of Dissemination/ Commercialization; and, Extent of Adoption and Success, If
Applicable; with Supporting Data (with Tables and Photographs as Annexure)
After implementation of NAIP subproject murrel seeds were produced as details given in
the table.
Table 1: Seed Production at CARE and CIFA
Years SXC, Tamil
Nadu
At CIFA,
Bhubaneswar
By
Stakeholders
Total
2009-10 11,361 41,000 - 52,361
2010-11 36,500 37,820 22,500 96,820
2011-12 60,028 46,938 35,000 1,41,966
2012-13 NA 75,000 15,000 90,000
70
2013-14 NA 62,500 37,500 1,00,000
Total 1,07889 2,63,258 1,10,000 4,81,147
7. Brief Description of Technology for Release:
Murrel seed production:
Indian fish farmers are not familiar to murrel breeding techniques. Hence they depend on
fishermen for seed collection from the wild. Moreover, supply of seeds by fishermen is only
during southwest monsoon (June to August) and northeast monsoon (October to December)
Hence induced breeding technique is necessary, which is a boon to fish farmers for availability
of seeds throughout the year.
Research team of CARE and CIFA succeeded in induced breeding of striped murrel
Channa striatus and giant murrel Channa marulius using natural (HCG, pituitary hormone) and
synthetic hormones (LHRH, Ovaprim, Ovatide, Ova FH) by intramuscular injection to brooders
(each set: one male and two females) and after that they were released into breeding tanks (4.5m
x 4m x 2m). Based on the results, HCG was recommended to stakeholders for upscaling of
murrel seed production in their ponds. About 4,81,147 seeds were produced after implementation
of NAIP sub project. From a single breeding set of striped murrel, 8,000 – 12,000 eggs were
obtained. The eggs of striped murrel C.striatus hatched out within 12 – 16 hrs and the hatchlings
started taking exogenous feed from third day onwards. The growth and survival of hatchlings
depend much on the type of feed and hence live feed culture occupies an important role in murrel
farming to decide the success of farmer.
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the Technology:
Production of fingerlings at stakeholders level (1,00,000/ year).
For large scale production of 1 lakh seeds - Brood fish maintenance pond (0.10 acre),
Breeding pond (0.25 acre), Nursery tanks (0.50 acre), Fry rearing tanks (0.65 acre), a land
of 1.5 acres are recommended.
Upscaling of seed production at stakeholders farms (1, 00,000 – 5, 00,000) according to the
availability of land and water resources.
Table 8 Expected Impact of Technology
For small scale production of 10,000 fingerlings, 8-9 hatcheries (each 3ft diameter with 3 ft
depth) are necessary requiring a total area of 300 sq ft. The expenditure involved Brood
Fish, Feed, Hormone, Plankton Culture Tanks, Hatcheries, etc and the net profit is
Rs.65,000/- per year for the production of 10,000 fingerlings in an area of 300 sq.ft.
(8.1) Expected Increase in Area, Production and Net Income
(8.2) Others Nil
Expected Area Number of seeds Net income (Rs.)
0.5 Acres 1 lakh seeds 3 lakhs
2.5 Acres 5 lakhs seeds 15 Lakhs
71
9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles:
Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A and Manikandaraja D. 2012. Induced ovulation and
spawning of a striped snakehead murrel Channa striatus (Bloch) under captive conditions.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences 1(1): 033-039.
Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2013. Breeding
Behaviour and Parental Care of the Induced Bred Striped Murrel Channa striatus under
Captive Conditions. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13: 707-711.
Bilal Ahamad Paray, Haniffa M A and Ananth Kumar Y. Studies on Embryonic and Larval
Development of Induced Bred Channa striatus. Envirobiotech Journal. (communicated)
Book Chapters:
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Jalkrishi mein
Dakhata Vikash, p 50-54. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
on 15-19 July 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Unnat mithajal
matya palan, p 54-57. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
12-16 December 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on ‘Mithajal Matya
palan mein unnat praudhogiki’, p56-59. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India. 20-24 December 2013.
Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel culture and its popularization.
(in) Training manual on Fish Breeding and Seed Production, p37-45, KVK, CIFA (Eds),
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Odisha and KVK- Khurda, Central Institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Jalkrishi mein
Dakhata Vikash, p 50-54. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
on 15-19 July 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Unnat mithajal
matya palan, p 54-57. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
12-16 December 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on ‘Mithajal Matya
palan mein unnat praudhogiki’, p56-59. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India. 20-24 December 2013.
Popular Articles:
72
Haniffa M A. 2009. ICAR NAIP sponsored workshop on breeding and seed production of
murrels. Fishing Chimes 29(8): 48 -51.
Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Arunsingh V and Manikandaraja D.
2010. Fecundity of C. striatus (Bloch 1793) collected from Tambraparni River. Fishing
Chimes 30(7): 7-8.
Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. Training on Seed production,
feed formulation, and culture of murrels. Fishing Chimes 30(8): 35-38.
Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. ICAR-NAIP sub-project
workshops on seed production, feed formulation and disease management in murrel culture.
Fishing Chimes 30(8): 39-42.
Haniffa M A. 2012. ICAR- NAIP Sponsored One day Training Programme on – Seed
Production, Feed Formulation and Culture of Murrels: 22 Sept 2011. Fishing Chimes 31(12):
18-20.
Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2013. Sal seula macchara janla utpadan
(Odia) (Seed production of murrel) Meenalok FISHCOPFED, Govt. of India, January-March
2013, p 10-13.
10. Any other information : Nil
Signature of PI / CCPI
73
Proforma -1
Validation of Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and
Orissa (F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
1. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI:Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu.
CCPI: Dr. K. Altaff, Principal, The New College, Chennai.
2. Title of the Technology: Live Feed Culture and Preparation of Formulated Feed.
3. Information on Existing farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in the
Target Area:
At present most of the fish farmers are using the live feed collected from the natural
water bodies. Since there is seasonal variations in the ponds one can not meet the need of the
fish farmers all the time. Moreover this type of practice is not advisable as it may lead to the
introduction of several pathogenic organisms into the hatchery which will have a very bad
effect on the seed production. Culture of live feed organisms under controlled conditions will
overcome the constraints of the wild caught live feed, which is a common practice among the
fish farmers.
Channa striatus is a carnivorous fish, and is commonly fed on trash fish, which in turn
leads to a high cost of feed production for the culture of this fish. Thus pressure on low value
trash fish supply increases the price and makes the production system unstable and
unsustainable. In practical diets the protein content is often provided by fish meal resulting in
high production costs and this can be addressed by studies on use of cheaper ingredients as
protein sources and use of mixed feeding schedules for better protein utilization. Preparation of
formulated feed using local ingredients will lead to the production of low cost feed and increase
the income of the fish farmers who are practicing the culture of this fish and this may lead to
further extension of the culture practice of this fish by other farmers. At present very little
information is available on nutrition of C. striatus. However information on rearing of C.
striatus exclusively on formulated feed is scarce and inconsistent. Investigations on the
influence of dietary protein level on the culture performance need to be carried out. For most
practical applications, evaluation of production diets can be easily done in feeding trials.
4. Key Intervention(s) Introduced:
Succeeded in Mass culture of zooplankton, Vermiculture and Tufibex.
Culture of cladocerans and copepods (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura and Daphnia
carinata and Thermocyclops decipiens) was succeeded.
Density of zooplankton /litre: Cladocerans (8,000/l), Copepods – (7,000/l), Rotifers
(10,000/l) were produced in fiber tanks of 10,000 l capacity.
5. Results
Status of Dissemination/ Commercialization; and, Extent of Adoption and Success, If
Applicable; with Supporting Data (with Tables and Photographs as Annexure):
74
The branchipod Moina micrura was mass cultured using three different concentrations
(250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) of chicken manure in the medium for 21 days. The
maximum density of 1694.44± 9.68 was obtained on the 9th
day of the inoculation at the
concentration of 250 ppm and the number of plankton declined gradually afterwards. In 500 ppm
concentration, the maximum density (7296.88 ± 54.35) appeared on the 11th
day while in the
third concentration, maximum density (1510 ± 15.27) was observed on the 14th
day of
inoculation. Young Moina are less than 400µm in size, approximately of the same size of the
adult rotifers.
6. Brief Description of Technology for Release:
The failures with dry diets in freshwater fish larviculture are initially attributed to
deficient enzymatic equipment possessed by the fish larvae during the initial days of life.
Complete suppression of live prey in larval rearing of fish still remains an important challenge.
As the cladocerans are considered to be suitable live feed for fish larvae, for finding a cheap and
suitable medium for culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta studies were carried out for 21 days using
chicken manure whereupon C. cornuta population ranged between 50±2 and 10,232±202 Ind/l
(Individuals/litre). The culture peaked on the 17th
day producing the maximum density of
10,232± 202 Ind/l suggesting chicken manure as a suitable medium at 700 ppm for mass culture
of cladocerans.
Culture performance of larval snakehead (Channa striatus) was examined by feeding
them with cladocerans (C. cornata, Miona micrura and Daphnia carinata), and Artemia nauplii
as individual and mixed diets for 28 days. Use of cladocerans for early larval rearing of Channa
striatus reduced the expenditures met on seed production, as the nauplii of brine shrimp
Artemia which are extensively used in hatcheries are exotic and highly priced resulting in
higher cost of seed production.
7. Expected Outcome/Impact of the Technology:
(9.1) Expected Increase in Area, Production and Net Income
(9.2) Others
8. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Altaff K and Mehraj Ud Din W. 2010. Culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta using chicken
manure as fertilizer: Conversion of a Waste product into highly nutritive protein. Pakistan
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53(2): 89-91.
Mehraj Ud Din W and Altaff K. 2010. Culture of zooplankton for rearing fish larvae.
Pollution Research 29(2): 91-93.
Mehraj Ud Din War and Kareem Altaff. 2011. High density culture of a cladoceran Moina
micrura (Kurz, 1874) by utilizing poultry manure. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research 54(3): 131-135.
Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. Utilization of Poultry excreta for high density
production of Daphnia carinata (King 1853). Cost effective and environmental friendly
technique. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (Accepted).
75
Book
Sundararaj V. and Altaff K. 2012. Meen Valarpil Uyirunavugal, p 258 Naveena Velanmei,
Chennai, India.
9. Any other information.
Signature of CPI/CCPI
76
Proforma -1
Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and Orissa
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI: Dr.M.A.Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE)
CCPIs: Dr. K. Altaff, Principal, The New College, Chennai.
3. Title of the Technology: Larviculture Technology
4. Information on Existing farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in the
Target Area:
Rearing of murrels from the postlarvae to the fingerling stage needs extra care and is a
Herculean task. Three days old post larvae were fed on rotifers for 15 days. Apart from
zooplankton, the larvae were also fed on other live feed organisms like blood worms
(Chironomous larvae), tubifex and earthworms. Vitamins are complex organic substances
usually of low molecular weight, which are essential to a wide variety of metabolic processes.
They are required in trace amounts and are essential for normal fish growth, reproduction and
general health. Fish nutritionists have demonstrated that in order to promote growth, any diet
must include an energy source, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals.
Presence and activity of certain enzymes may be used as a comparative indicator of survival rate
and development. Information on the intestinal enzyme activities is essential to know the
digestive efficiency of the cultured species at the particular stage of development. Herbal
additives in fish feed are used not only against diseases but also as growth promoters, stress
resistance boosters and preventatives of infections in fish. Moreover, herbal treatment is cost
effective and ecofriendly with minimal side effects.
5. Key Intervention(s) Introduced:
Larviculture using vitamins and herbs as growth promoters and immunostimulators
6. Results
Culture performance of larval snakehead (Channa striatus) was examined by feeding
them with cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornata, Miona micrura and Daphnia carinata), and
Artemia nauplii as individual and mixed diets for 28 days. Fish fed Artemia nauplii, C. cornata
and mixed cladocerans showed higher weight gain (15.88± 0.11 mg), (9.72± 0.04 mg and 10.0
± 0.06 mg) during the first week, whereas fish fed C. cornata and M. micrura showed better
weight gain (12.88± 0.21 mg and 11.90±0.09 mg) respectively during the second week. Less
cannibalism was observed in fishes fed with mixed cladocerans in the last two weeks. Use of
cladocerans for early larval rearing of C. striatus reduced the expenditures met on seed
production, as the nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia extensively used in hatcheries are exotic and
highly priced resulting in higher cost of seed production. It was noticed that cannibalism was
reduced at different stages by providing prey of suitable size to the growing fish.
Feeding trials were conducted for rearing C. striatus fry using different feeding regimes
for 30 days viz: fish paste, chicken intestine paste, chopped prawn, cladocerans, cladocerans
with chicken paste and chopped prawn with cladocerans. Fishes were fed ad libitum twice a
day. Significantly high survival rate (90%) and better weight gain (354.55± 43.79%) were
77
observed in the fry fed on chopped prawn with cladocerans followed by those fed on
cladocerans with chicken intestine paste (336.88± 44.25%). High mortality was recorded in fry
fed with fish paste and chicken intestine paste without cladocerans. Hence, the importance of
live feed in the survival and growth of murrel fry is inevitable.
Feeding experiments were conducted on the postlarvae of C. striatus with two different
live feeds copepod (Thermocyclops decipiens) and cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornuta and
Moina micrura) individually and in mixture at the rate of 500±50 Ind./L for 30 days. Results
indicated better weight gain (951.85±28.77%) and survival (92%) of postlarvae fed with mixed
live food than individual live feed organisms.
Fry and fingerlings were fed with four types of feed viz., chicken intestine, fish waste,
chicken intestine & fish waste together (50:50) and zooplankton (Thermocyclops decipiens,
Ceriodaphnia cornuta & Moina micrura ) at 5% BW to examine their effects on survival and
growth for 30 days. Better weight gain of 115.32 ±1.35g for chicken intestine feed in case of
fingerlings and 253±1.67 g for live feed in case of fry were observed suggesting the preference
of live feed by fry and chicken intestine by fingerlings over other feeds.
The highest survival rate (93%) was observed in (93.5±2.56%) vitamin C and
(93.7±1.81%) Vitamin - Mineral mix incorporated diets as illustrated in Table 9
After 45 days, there was a significant difference between the mean weights as a
function of different experimental diets (D1 – D5), when compared to control diet. The highest
weight gain (11.46±0.52g) was noticed in Channa striatus fed on diet incorporated with
vitamin C. Among the experimental fishes, the highest protein content was noticed in vitamin C
incorporated diet (36.91%), followed by other diets. The highest carbohydrate content was
found in control diet (17.57%) whereas the lowest carbohydrate content was found in vitamin C
(13.14%). Fat was found as the highest in control (13.65%) and the lowest in vitamin C
incorporated diet (10.75%). The protease, amylase and lipase activities were significantly
higher in Vitamin C diet as 110.58±2.49 Umg-1
, 53.50±2.49 Umg-1
and 93.80±1.42 Umg-1
respeectively.
Growth
parameters
Control
(D1)
Folic acid
Diet (D2)
Vitamin B
Diet (D3)
Vitamin C
Diet (D4)
Vitamin -
Mineral mixed
Diet (D5)
Initial
Weight (g)
10.8±0.09 10.6±0.12 10.7±0.45 10.6±0.67 10.8±0.36
Final
Weight (g)
17.83±0.11 19.11±0.34 20.15±0.49 22.06±0.52 20.93±0.48
Survival
rate (%)
82.3±2.36 92.1±1.56 91.6±1.81 93.5±2.56 93.7±1.81
Weight
gain (g)
7.03±0.11 8.61±0.31 9.45±0.45 11.46±0.52 9.13±0.39
SGR 1.11±0.28 1.33±0.09 1.56±0.14 1.62±0.23 1.49±0.04
FCR 3.42±0.01 2.75±0.02 2.51±0.04 2.06±0.01 2.43±0.03
78
Effect of dietary herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri, resulted better growth performance
and immunostimulation in Channa striatus fingerlings. All growth and hematological parameters
increased in response to supplementary diet Phyllanthus niruri. In P. niruri fed group, the mean
weight gain (5.166 g) and specific growth rate (3.63) were the highest when compared to the
control group (2.915). Incorporation of P. niruri diet increased haemoglobin ( Hb) (26.85%), red
blood cell count (43 ±0.38), white blood cell count (29 ±0.25) and mean corpuscular
haemoglobin concentration (33.23g/dl). Haematocrit (36.41 ±4.2), mean corpuscular
haemoglobin (2.81) and mean corpuscular volume (8.46fl) also increased. P. niruri acted as a
potent immunostimulant, by inducing the blood parameters in C. striatus.
In the next study, diets were prepared using the feed additives viz: bacterium Bacillus
subtilis, Indian almond Terminalia catappa and aloe Aloe vera. C. striatus fingerlings fed on
control diet showed 2.881g weight gain, whereas those supplied with T. catappa diet gained
6.319g body weight followed by A. vera diet (2.915g) and B. subtilis diet (2.894g). The specific
growth rate (3.96) and condition factor (0.8) of T. catappa fed groups were higher than that of
other supplemented fed groups. During post A. hydrophila challenge, highest survival rate was
observed in Aloe fed group (100%) followed by B. subtilis (90%), T. catappa (90%) and control
(60%) fed groups. Survival of striped murrel fed diets supplemented with aloe was the greatest
post challenge with A. hydrophila. Survival of striped murrel fed diets supplemented with B.
subtilis and Indian almond was greater than that of fish fed on control diet. The improved
survival suggests that production of metabolites by probiotics suppressed the pathogenicity of A.
hydrophila and ultimately resulted in better survival and growth of the host.
The cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities of bacteria were isolated and
enumerated from the gastrointestinal tract of murrel (C. striatus) fingerlings (22±0.43g) fed with
herbals like Murraya Koenjii, Sesbania grandiflora and Amaranthus thandu (I – III), probiotics
like B. coagulans, B. subtilis and mixed probiotics (IV – VI) and chicken intestine diet (VII)
with group VIII as control. At the end of culture, the maximum average growth of group – IV
fish was higher (3.51±0.20) than that of the control – VIII (2.01±0.20). At the end of
experimental period, the survival in group VII was 98% whereas in control, it was 90%. The
cellulolytic acitivity was higher in group-IV fishes (93.2±0.81Umg-1
), than control group
(5.9±0.84Umg-1). The amylolytic and the proteolytic activities were higher i.e., 3.3±0.53Umg
-1
and 53.4±0.31 Umg-1
in group III respectively and the differences were statistically significantly
(p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that the chicken intestine and B. subtilis have
better impact on murrel culture
7. Brief Description of Technology for Release:
Rearing of murrels from the post larvae to the fingerling stage needs extra care and is a
Herculean task. Three days old post larvae were fed on rotifers for 15 days. Apart from
zooplankton, the larvae were also fed on other live feed organisms like blood worms
(Chironomous larvae), tubifex and earthworms. Boiled chicken intestine paste and fish paste
were supplied as feed for the larvae from the 16th
day onwards instead of live feed. From 30th
day
onwards, the fry were fed with cooked and minced chicken intestine and semi-moist pellets and
were later trained on pelleted feed (semimoist) during fingerling stage. There is no readymade
feed for murrels in market, since they are carnivorous, piscivorous and cannibalistic. Formulated
79
diet containing fish meal (anchovy and jawala) – 60%, wheat flour – 10%, rice flour - 10% and
soya flour 20% respectively with 43% of protein was prepared for murrels. Feed pellets
prepared using pelletizer ranged between 2.5 -5.0 mm were readily accepted by murrel
fingerlings.
Feeding experiments conducted on the postlarvae of C. striatus indicated better weight
gain and survival while fed with mixed live food (a copepod (Thermocyclops decipiens) and
cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Moina micrura) than individual live feed organisms.
Moreover, it had been observed that fry preferred live feed whereas fingerlings preferred chicken
intestine over other feeds.
Vitamin supplemented diets resulted in an increase in weight gain and specific growth
rate of C. striatus. The results showed that survival and growth rate of fingerlings increased
(p < 0.05) with 200 mg of vitamin C / kg feed. The addition of vitamin-C in diet improved
digestive enzymes, including protease, amylase and lipase, which have consequently resulted in
better growth performances. Different vitamins could affect the enzyme activities differently,
and Vitamin C induced a stronger stimulation than the others. This stimulation of amylase and
protease activity was correlated with the growth performance.
Antibiotics play an important role in the disease management of aquaculture practices;
however antibiotic resistance develops readily in pathogens following antibiotic treatment.
Medicinal herbs play an alternative role to tackle this problem. To enhance the survival and
growth and to improve the health of the fingerlings, the pellets have been incorporated with
herbs (Phyllanthus niruri, Aloe vera, Terminalia catappa, Aloe vera etc) and probiotics (Bacillus
subtilis, Saccharomyces cervisiae, Lactobacillus helveticus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L.
sporogens, Candida utilis etc). Probiotic and herbal incorporated feeds showed good results as
means of higher survival rate, growth and immunity of C. striatus fingerlings suggesting their
importance in larval rearing.
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the Technology:
Live feed organisms are suitable for fry upto 20 days and hence large scale culture of
zooplankton will meet the growing demand. Moreover, in the case of pelleted feed,
incorporation of feed additives like vitamins, herbs and probiotics help in the enhancement of
survival and immunity of the fingerlings. This in turn will improve the health status if
fingerlings and the economic conditions of the farmers.
9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles:
Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Study on the growth and survival of
Channa striatus post larvae (Bloch) using live feed. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Science
13(2): 131-135.
Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Comparative study on growth of Channa
striatus fry and fingerlings using different feeding regimes. Journal of Aquatic Biology
24(2): 173-176.
80
Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2010. Evaluation of growth and survival of fry
of Channa striatus (Bloch) using different feeding regimes and cladoceran live feed. Journal
of Experimental Zoology India 13(1): 225-227.
Mehraj Ud Din War, Kareem Altaff and Mohammed Abdul Khader Haniffa. 2011. Growth
and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) fed different live feed
organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11(3):523-528.
Muthukrishnan Dhanaraj and Mohamed Abdul Kather Haniffa 2011. Effect of probiotics on
growth and microbiological changes in snakehead Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas
hydrophila. African Journal of Microbiology Research 26(5):4601-4606.
Haniffa M A, Kavitha Bharathi B, Viji Margaret I, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D.
2013. Effect of probiotics and certain herbal additives on growth, survival and disease
resistance of Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. World Aquaculture
44(2): 64-67.
Ramesh S, Chelladurai G and Haniffa M A. 2013. Isolation of enzyme producing bacterial
from gut of Channa striatus fed on different herbs and probiotics diet. International Journal
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(4): 195-198.
Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. 2013. Preliminary Studies on the Effect of Prey Length
on Growth, Survival and Cannibalism of Larval Snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793).
Pakistan Journal of Zoology 45(2): 1-6.
Haniffa M A, Viji Margaret I, Kavitha Bharathi B and Jeya Sheela P. 2013 Dietary
administration of herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri on growth performance and
haematological changes in striped snakehead Channa striatus. World Aquaculture
(Accepted)
Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, Vigneswaran R and Kavitha K. 2012. Effect of Vitamins on
Digestive Enzyme Activities and Growth Performances of Striped Murrel Channa striatus.
Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
M.Sc. Dissertations:
Mohamed Ansari A. 2009. „Effect of water probiotics on intestinal microflora and growth,
Aeromonas hydrophila challenged Channa striatus exposed to different salinity.‟ M Sc
thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 55.
Suganya K R. 2010. „Digestive enzyme activities of Channa striatus fingerlings fed with
selected medicinal herbs.‟ M Sc thesis, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil
Nadu, p 29.
Tamil Elakkiya B. 2010. „Digestive enzyme activities of Channa marulius fingerlings fed
with selected probiotics.‟ M Sc thesis, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil Nadu,
p 32.
Vigneshwaran R. 2011. „Effect of dietary vitamins on growth and protein variability of
Channa striatus fingerlings.‟ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 62.
PhD Theses:
Dhanaraj M. 2009. „Probiotics as immunostimulants in striped murrel Channa striatus.‟ Ph
D thesis, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, p 127.
81
Mehraj Ud Din War. 2012. „Aspects of development and larval rearing of snakehead murrel
Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) using different feed.‟ Ph D thesis, Madras University, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, p 108.
Bilal Ahmad Paray. 2012. „Histological studies on ontogenic development and larval rearing
of striped murrel Channa striatus.’ Ph D thesis, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, p 165.
Popular Articles:
Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. ICAR-NAIP sub-project
workshops on seed production, feed formulation and disease management in murrel culture.
Fishing Chimes 30(8): 39-42
Haniffa M A. 2012. ICAR- NAIP Sponsored One day Training Programme on – Seed
Production, Feed Formulation and Culture of Murrels: 22 Sept 2011. Fishing Chimes 31(12):
18-20
10. Any other information.
Nil
Signature of CPI/CCPI
82
Proforma -1
Validation of Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
(F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI:Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu.
CCPIs:Dr.A.K.Sahu, Dr.Kuldeep Kumar & Dr.Rajesh Kumar,CIFA, Bhubaneswar.
3. Title of the Technology: Murrel Growout Culture Technology
4. Information on Existing farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in the
Target Area:
In Indian major carps are easily avalible for consumption; hence, the fish farmers are
interested mainly in carp culture. According to available information and our baseline survey, it
was evident that there was no scientific murrel culture practices followed in Tamil Nadu. Usually
murrels are captured during summer (when ponds and lakes dry) and brought to local markets.
There is a traditional practice to catch murrels from rice fields or derelict water bodies in small
quantities for consumption. Since, most of the murrel production comes from the wild, it is
difficult to estimate the exact contribution to the individual farmers‟ income.
5. Key Intervention(s) Introduced:
Earthern ponds ranging from 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m are recommended for
murrel culture.
Murrel farmers supply semimoist feed as dough in trays and gunny bags
52 farmers practiced murrel culture in Tamil Nadu and they harvested table size murrels in a
total area of 266.56 ha with a production of 27.67 tons in Tamil Nadu.
1119 farmers were trained for murrel culture through twenty one training programmes and
twelve workshops in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
The CIFA has developed it‟s grow out culture technology and it has been disseminated to the
farmers of Orissa under the NAIP project.
6. Results:
Status of Dissemination/ Commercialization; and, Extent of Adoption and Success, If
Applicable; with Supporting Data (with Tables and Photographs as Annexure):
Earthen ponds ranging from 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m with a stocking density
of 1/m2
were suggested suitable for murrel culture. Since murrels are air breathing, they survive
in oxygen depleted water bodies. For commercial murrel culture, earthen ponds of various
dimensions (depending on land availability) are recommended. Once the fingerlings were trained
for feeding on semi- moist or pelleted feed (consisting of fish meal, soy flour, wheat flour, rice
flour and tapioca), they were introduced into the culture ponds.
At present murrel farmers supply the feed as dough in trays & gunny bags. ICAR-NAIP
Research team has trained murrel fingerlings to take pelleted feed at CARE Aqua farm &
stakeholder‟s farms. Usually the culture period is about 10 months to obtain table size fish of
750g weight. It is better to harvest before one year to avoid excess cost of feed. Under the
subproject, 52 farmers practiced murrel culture in Tamil Nadu and they harvested murrels in a
83
total area of 266.56 ha with a production of 27.67 tons in Tamil Nadu. The market price of table
size murrel varied from Rs.150/- from the inception of the project to Rs.700/- by 2014 depending
upon the area, water availability and demand for murrels.
Table 4 Yearwise Table size Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu
Year No. of
farmers
harvested
Total
Area
(ha)
Harvested
Murrels
(tons)
Income
Generated
(Rs.)
Production
in tons/ ha/
yr
Income
generated
per ha/ yr
2010-2011 19 250 17.34 33,51,450/- 0.069 13,405/-
2011-2012 20 7.74 5.73 16,13,000 0.740 2,08,398/-
2012-2013 13 7.92 4.6 13,26,200 0.580 1,67,450/-
7. Brief Description of Technology for Release:
Murrel Grow out culture technology:
Usually the culture period is about 10 months, to obtain table size fish of 750g weight. It is
better to harvest before one year to avoid excess cost of feed. Under the subproject, 52 farmers
are practicing murrel culture in Tamilnadu.
Table 10 Economics of Large Scale Murrel (C. striatus) Table Size Fish Production – CIFA (2010)
S.No Variable Unit cost (Rs.) Actual
Value (Rs)
Culture Characteristics
1 Pond (Lease for 3 Years) For 3 Years- Rs 10,000
2 Pond Area 1 Acre 3300
3 Pond preparation (dyke repair, liming,
manuring etc.)
10,000
3 Stocking size 40g (Rs. 5.00 per fingerling) -
4 Stocking density (Murrel fish) 4000 fingerlings/acre 20,000
5 Feed (Poultry offal & Rice bran- 8:2) For a period of 9 months 35,000
6 Labour (feeding & other works) Weekly 4 man days (@ Rs
170)- 160X170
27,200
7 Post stocking management (medicine,
fertilization etc)
- 8000
8 Cost of Harvesting - 3000
9 Total expenditure 1,06,500
Murrel fish Production:
10 Production of table size (@ 60%
survivability with average weight of
0.80 Kg)
1,920 Kg
11 Marketing of Harvested murrel @ 120/Kg (1,920X120) 2,30,400
Total earning 2,30,400
Total Expenditure 1,06,500
Net Profit 1,23,900
84
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the Technology:
(8.1) Expected Increase in Area, Production and Net Income
Table 11 Economics of Small Scale Production of Table Size Murrels – CARE (2013):
Item Rupees
Expenses
A. Capital cost:
1, Cement Pond construction
25‟x 10 x 3‟= 875CFT. Rs 55/CFT : 48,125
2, Motor pipelines : 15,000
3, Fencing & net : 3400
---------------
Total Expenses : 66,525
---------------
B. Operational cost:
1, Cost of fingerlings 500 x Rs 4/individual : 2000
2, Feed cost (300 days X Rs 25/day) : 7500
3, Electricity : 1000
4, Maintenance cost : 3200
--------------
Total Expenses : 13,700
---------------
Total Expenses of Aand B : 80225
Income
Fish sales of 100kg at the rate of Rs500/Kg : 50,000
Total Expenses other than capital cost : 13700
---------------
Net Profit Per year : 36,300
---------------
The harvested murrels 100 Kg were sold at a rate of Rs. 500/Kg and the net profit was
Rs. 36,000/- for an investment of Rs. 80,000. As per availability of area in the backyard, one can
either increase the area of the culture tank (250 m2
– 100 m2) or the number of culture tanks (1 -
4). For instance if 100 m2
area is available, at the backyard, farmer can earn about Rs
150,000/year by selling 400 murrels.
In Orissa, Women self help group adopted murrel culture technology and harvested good
production. They consumed part of the produce and remaining was sold. This helped them to
improve their family nutritional security as well as livelihood. This acted as catalyst and they
took other community ponds, which was lying idle since many years, on lease for murrel culture.
A few SHGs has earned good profit from murrel culture and now many more farmers are coming
forward to adopt this technology. This technology is giving more net profit in comparison to carp
culture.
85
Table 12 Details of murrel production in Orissa
(8.2) Others Nil
7. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles
Kuldeep K, Lalrinsanga P L, Sahoo M, Mohanty U L, Kumar R and Sahu A K. 2013. Length-
Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Anabas testudineus and Channa Species under
Different Culture Systems. World Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science 5(1): 74-78.
Books
Sundararaj V and Haniffa M A. 2010. Veral Valarppu, p 248 Naveena Velaanmai, Chennai,
India.
Haniffa M A. 2011. Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture, p 328 Dominant Publishers and
Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
Farmer/SHG/NGO Gross Production Production
(Kg/yr./ha.)
Women Self Help Group (comprising of
44 members) named Narayani Nari Shakti
Mahila Mandal Dist. – Khurda
1,213 Kg 1,895
Unnayan (NGO), Puri. 47 Kg 2,350
Maa Mangala Yuba Atmasahayak Gosthi
(comprising of 11 members) Village-
Tarapi, P.O.-Soran, Via- Kuhuri, Block-
Chilka, Dist.- Khurda
2,000 Kg 2,583
Mr. Amit Mohanty, Puri. 105 Kg 1,050
Mr. Brundaban Swain, Barkul, Dist.-
Khurda
546.8 Kg 1,367
Mr Sisir Kant Biswal, Konark 600Kg 1,500
Mrs. Pratima Barala (SHG; comprising of
10 members)
296.6 Kg 1,483
Mrs. Satyabhama Patnayak (SHG;
comprising of 10 members)
162.8Kg 1,080
Mr Prafulla Subudhi, Tarapi, Khurda 250kg expected 2,100
Mr Brajabihari sahoo, Daspalla, Nayagarh 200 kg expected 1,800
Mr Trinath Sahoo, Daspalla 150 kg expected 1,500
Mr Jalandhar Ghanta, Daspalla 150 kg expected 1,500
CIFA farm, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 400 Kg harvested &
700 Kg expected
2,562
86
K. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Saurabh, M. Sahoo, A. K. Mohanty, P. Lalrinsanga, U. L. Mohanty,
A. K. Sahu and P. Jayasankar. 2012. Snakehead: Fishes fact sheets. p 38 Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar.
Book Chapters
Eknath A E, Kumar K, Jena J K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N and Sahoo M. 2010.
Murrel: An ideal fish for mass production (in) souvenir of Assam Matsya Mahotsav,
organized by the Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Assam during 30th
Jan- 1st Feb 2010. p 5-
8
Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M and Jahan, N. 2011. Murrel Culture
in Odisha-A Humble Beginning (in) Aquaculture Innovators, p 105-112, Radheshyam et al.
(Eds), Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
Kumar R, Kumar K, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel (Channa striatus): Potential
candidate species for nutritional security and livelihood generation. (in) Souvenir: The world
food day, p 49-51, S J Swain et al. (Eds), Odisha Krishak Samaj, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Saurabh S, Sahu B B, Sahoo M, Mohanty A, Sahu A K
and Jayasankar P. 2013. Snakehead fishes: Alternative candidate fish for diversification
aquaculture. pp- 119-132 (in) Aquaculture: New Possibilities and Concerns, P-187 Sinha,
V.R.P., Jayasankar, P. (Eds), Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, India.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Jalkrishi mein
Dakhata Vikash, p 50-54. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
on 15-19 July 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Unnat mithajal
matya palan, p 54-57. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
12-16 December 2013.
Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Production and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on ‘Mithajal Matya
palan mein unnat praudhogiki’, p56-59. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India. 20-24 December 2013.
Popular Articles:
Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, James Milton M, Arunsingh S V and
Ajaz Ali. 2009. Backyard Murrel Culture for Women. Infofish International 6:14 -16.
Haniffa M A, Seenappa D, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2011. Murrel Farming
training to Fish farmers of Karnataka. Fishing Chimes 30(10&11): 52-53.
Kumar K, Eknath A E, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M and Jahan N. 2011.
Snake heads: Challenging fish for diversification of fish farming. Fishing Chimes 31(1): 110-
113.
Haniffa M A. 2011. Popularization of Murrel Farming among Fish Farmers of Hyderabad.
Fishing Chimes 31(2): 27-29
Haniffa M A. 2011. A value chain on murrel production for income generation. Fishing
Chimes 31(5): 19-21.
87
Haniffa M A. 2012. ICAR- NAIP Sponsored One day Training Programme on – Seed
Production, Feed Formulation and Culture of Murrels: 22 Sept 2011. Fishing Chimes 31(12):
18-20.
Murrel Culture in Odisha: A Humble Beginning. Kuldeep Kumar, A. K. Sahu, Rajesh
Kumar, U. L. Mohanty, M. Sahoo & Noor J. (2011): Aquaculture Innovators. Central
Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, ICAR, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar. pp. 106-113.
Haniffa M A. 2010. Viru Viru Labam Tharum Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Murrel Fish Culture
for Fast Income). Pasumai vikadan, 10.11.2010, p 4-9
Haniffa M A. 2011. Villangam Illatha Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Harmless Murrel Fish
Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 25.09.2011, p 40-41
Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral Meen Valarppu Payirchi Mugaam (Tamil) (Murrel Fish Training).
Valarum Thamilagam, November 2011, p 34-35.
Haniffa M A. 2011. Pambuthalai Viralmeen, Meen Valarporukku Oru Varaprasatham
(Tamil) (Snakehead murrel fish culture- a boon to fish farmers). Valarum Thamilagam,
December 2011, p 36-37
Haniffa M A. 2011. Veeru Nadai Podum Viral Valarpu (Tamil) (Fast Growing Murrel
Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 10.12.2011, p 28-31.
Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel Maccha Chasa O tara
Prasara (Odia) (Murrel farming and its popularization). Meenalok, FISHCOPFED, Govt. of
India, October-December 2012, p3-6.
Haniffa M A. 2012. Thennaiku Idail Viral (Tamil) (Murrel Culture amidst Coconut Trees).
Pasumai vikadan, 10.02.2012, p 29-31
8. Any other information : Nil
Signature of PI / CCPI
88
Proforma -1
Validation of Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and Orissa
(F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI:Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai – 627 002.
CCPIs:Dr.A.K.Sahu, Dr.Kuldeep Kumar & Dr.Rajesh Kumar, CIFA,Bhubaneswar.
3. Title of the Technology: Murrel Disease Management Technology
4. Information on Existing farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in the
Target Area:
Murrels are often affected by the dreadful disease Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)
and encounter heavy loss to capture and culture fisheries. The primary causative agent of EUS is
the fungus Aphanomyces invadans and the opportunistic bacterial pathogen is Aeromonas
hydrophila characterized as virulent or cytotoxic invades the blood stream and causes lethal
septicemia resulting heavy mortality. Moreover, Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella sp.
and virus have also been detected in EUS affected murrels. The development of drug resistance
as well as appearance of undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics in EUS affected murrels
have led to the search of new antibacterial agents, particularly medicinal plants as potential
source of new anti-microbial agents, since they are safe without side-effects and also ecofriendly.
5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Herbal pastes were prepared using medicinal herbs like Coleus aromaticus, Wrightia
tinctoria, Azadiracta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa and A. marmelos for treating
EUS of murrels.
Fishes with severe mortality recovered completely within 7 days of the herb treatment
6. Results
Status of dissemination/commercialization; and, extent of adoption and success, if applicable;
with supporting data (with tables and photographs as annexure):
The crude extracts of a medicinal herb viz; Wrightia tinctoria was successfully used to
prevent EUS occurrence and enhance survive during larviculture and growout culture. Leaves of
W. tinctoria applied as paste on the lesion and ulcers externally cured EUS within four to six
days. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of W. tinctoria was studied against pathogens
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas
salmonicida, Aphanomyces invadans and Vibrio alginolyticus. Phytochemical screening of the
leaves revealed the presence of steroids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The TLC chromatogram of the extracts revealed several
coloured bands. The methanol extracts showed efficient antibacterial activity15.6 ±0.3/67.1
(Inhibition zone diameter in mm/RIZD in %) against A. hydrophila. The minimum Inhibitory
concentration of the extract against the pathogens was determined. Growth of A. invadans was
inhibited by 85-90%. The herbal paste applied topically on the lesions showed a positive effect
by controlling and curing the lesions within five days. Following 2nd and 3rd
day post application
of herbal paste, healing symptoms were noticed and signs of dermal lesions and ulcers vanished
89
and the wound was completely healed by the 5th
day. No mortality was observed during the
course of the study. It is therefore suggested that the active extract of W. tinctoria could be taken
to the next step of bioassay guided purification to characterize the novel antimicrobial agents.
In another consecutive study, the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus was used in treating
EUS infected giant murrels C. marulius showing symptoms like lesions and deformed fins at the
dorsal side with reddish spots on the ventral side. The herbal paste was applied topically on the
wound surfaces of diseased murrels for 10 days. From 5th
day onwards, the treated murrels
showed good signs of healing like disappearance of lesions and reddish spots and recovery of
affected fins, thus recommending the topical application of herbs for effective treatment of
diseased murrels.
A preliminary study was conducted during winter months to know the effects of plant
crude extracts on growth, survival and health status of Channa striatus fingerlings in cemented
cisterns of capacity 1000 L in field condition. The herbal crude extract was prepared separately
from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Aegel marmelos (stone apple) and rhizome of
Curcuma longa (turmeric) and kept in sealed poly packs under refrigeration. C. striatus
fingerlings (6.15 + 0.2g) were fed on murrel feed containing different medicinal plant extracts
for 60 days. The control group was fed same feed but without herbal extract. Fishes were
observed fortnightly for growth, survivability, gross health examination and bacterial total plate
count of whole content of intestine and gills.
Fishes were fed feed containing turmeric showed significantly higher (p<0.05) survival
(93.33 %) in comparison to control (83.33%) and other herbal crude extract fed groups. There
was no significant difference in growth between control group and crude extract fed groups.
Gross morphological examination showed that fishes fed herbal crude extracts were healthy
(shiny body, intact fins, active movement, etc) in comparison to the control group. The microbial
studies revealed that O. sanctum fed fishes contains significantly less (p<0.05) number of
bacteria in gut i.e., total plate count (2.35 x 107
cfu) in comparison to fishes of other herbal crude
extract fed or control (3.40 x 109) groups. Similar result was observed for gills. The study
suggests that the herbal crude extracts could be used for prophylaxis to keep fishes healthy and
also to enhance their survival during fingerling stages.
Table 5 Effect of herbal paste on growth and survival of C. striatus fingerlings.
Treatment Initial mean
weight (g)
Final mean
weight (g)
Growth (%) Survival (%)
C 6.15 + 0.2 31.78 + 0.40 416.7 + 06.44 83.33a + 0.00
T1 6.15 + 0.2 31.17 + 0.86 406.8 + 14.02 86.66ab
+ 4.70
T2 6.15 + 0.2 30.92 + 1.25 390.2 + 39.08 93.33c + 0.00
T3 6.15 + 0.2 30.15 + 2.40 402.8 + 20.35 90.00bbc
+ 4.71
The incidence of Ichthyophthirius multifilis was reported by CIFA, Odisha during the
nursery rearing of striped snakehead. This was successfully controlled with continuous
application of 10 ppt formalin for 5 days. This helped in total eradication of parasites from
infected seed and finally mortality was checked completely.
90
Acinetobacter baumannii acts as a severe human pathogen. There are only few studies to
date that report it as a pathogen for fish. In the present study, one virulent bacterial strain was
isolated from diseased Channa striatus, from a farm at the CIFA which showed symptoms like
cloudy eyes, pop eye (exophthalmia), opaque lenses and mild ulceration on the whole body
irrespective of sex and size of the fish. Based on morphology, different biochemical tests and
sequence analysis of 16S rDNA segment as well as phylogenetic study, the causative bacterium
(called chE) was identified as A. baumannii. The pathogenicity was further confirmed by
artificial infectivity study (LD50 dose of 10 8.37
CFU/fish). In the drug sensitivity study, this
isolate was highly resistant to many antibiotics. The isolate was also highly resistant to all three
tested heavy metals (Cu+2
, Cr+6
, Hg+2
), thus proving its virulent nature. The involvement of A.
baumannii in disease of Channa species poses a potential threat to freshwater fish farming as an
important emerging pathogen. Further, the resistance to many antibiotics and heavy metals
shown by this isolate poses serious concern.
7. Brief description of technology for release:
The primary causative agent of EUS is the fungus Aphanomyces invadans and the
opportunistic bacterial pathogen is Aeromonas hydrophila characterized as virulent or cytotoxic
which invades the blood stream and causes lethal septicemia resulting heavy mortality. In search
of eco friendly treatment, medicinal plants acts as a potential source of new anti-microbial
agents.
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology:
(8.1) Expected increase in area, production and net income
The technology has been transferred to fish farmers through regular training and workshop
(8.2) Others
8. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles
1.1. Muthukrishnan Dhanaraj and Mohamed Abdul Kather Haniffa 2011. Effect of probiotics
on growth and microbiological changes in snakehead Channa striatus challenged by
Aeromonas hydrophila. African Journal of Microbiology Research 26(5):4601-4606.
1.2. Rauta P R, Kumar K and Sahoo P K. 2011. Emerging new multi-drug resistant bacterial
pathogen Acinetobacter baumanii from snake head Channa striatus from India. Current
Science 101(4): 548-553.
1.3. Haniffa M A and Kavitha K. 2012. Antibacterial activity of medicinal herbs against the
fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Agricultural Technology 8(1): 205-211.
1.4. Haniffa M Aand Shanthi P. 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial screening of
medicinal plants against Aeromonas hydrophila. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Clinical Research
1.5. Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M and John De Britto A. 2013. Invitro and
Invivo Antimicrobial Effects of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. against Epizootic
Ulcerative Syndrome in Channa striatus. International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical sciences 5(3): 219-222.
91
1.6. Haniffa M A, Kavitha Bharathi B, Viji Margaret I, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja
D. 2013. Effect of probiotics and certain herbal additives on growth, survival and disease
resistance of Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. World Aquaculture
44(2): 64-67.
1.7. Haniffa M A, Viji Margaret I, Kavitha Bharathi B and Jeya Sheela P. 2013 Dietary
administration of herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri on growth performance and
haematological changes in striped snakehead Channa striatus. World Aquaculture
(Accepted).
M.Sc. Dissertations:
Mohamed Ansari A. 2009. „Effect of water probiotics on intestinal microflora and growth,
Aeromonas hydrophila challenged Channa striatus exposed to different salinity.‟ M Sc
thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 55.
Jeyakumar R. 2010. „Studies on the effect of herbal concoction in the therapy of Channa
striatus (Bloch).‟ M Sc thesis, St. Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu,
p 59.
Ashfaq Ahmed S. 2011. „Studies on pathogenicity and treatment of Channa marulius
infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.‟ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 44.
Imthathulla S. 2012. „A comparative study of Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in
selected murrel species challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.‟ M Sc thesis, Jamal
Mohamed College (Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 26.
PhD Theses:
1.8.Dhanaraj M. 2009. „Probiotics as immunostimulants in striped murrel Channa striatus.‟ Ph
D thesis, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, p 127.
Popular Articles:
5.1 Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. ICAR-NAIP sub-project
workshops on seed production, feed formulation and disease management in murrel culture.
Fishing Chimes 30(8): 39-42.
9. Any other information.
Signature of PI / CCPI
92
Proforma -1
Developed/ Released/ Adopted Production Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and Orissa
2. Name of CPI: Dr.M.A.Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension
(CARE), St. Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai
3. Title of the technology: Live fish Transport Technology
4. Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the
target area:
Murrels can be kept alive for several hours outside water under slight moist condition
which facilitates transportation to distant markets in good condition. Even then often fishermen
meet heavy loss due to death of murrels during transport. Hence, sedation or use of anesthetics
can be beneficial to calm excitable fish during bulk transportation of fish stocks, especially over
long distances and high density. Practices that require fish handling are a common source of
stress in aquaculture operations and research activities. Hence, a variety of anesthetics are used
mainly in order to reduce stress level and to prevent fish injury/ death during their handling.
5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Clove oil is used as anesthetic for live transport of C. striatus
6. Results
All the fish exposed to different concentrations of clove oil recovered well and returned
to normal behaviour with respect to feeding, surfacing activity, swimming and respond to
external stimuli after the anesthetic treatment Furthermore, no mortality was noticed within 48
hrs following recovery from anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia was assumed to be complete
when the fish lost its response to external stimuli. As per the results obtained, the optimum
concentration to anesthetize C. striatus was found to be 450 ppm.
7. Brief description of technology for release:
Increase in clove oil concentration resulted in decrease in induction time whereas the
recovery time increased significantly. However, the recovery and induction time was also
concentration dependent. The mean induction time for C. striatus 400, 450 & 500 ppm clove
oil was found to be 7.10 ± 1.10 min., 2.36 ± 0.42 min. and 2.02±0.52 min. respectively. The
mean recovery time for each
concentration was 5.21±1.1
min., 3.20±0.40 min. and
6.38±1.15 min. respectively.
The induction time was longer
at the lower dose whereas it is
quick and short at higher dose.
In the same manner, the
recovery time was quick in
lower dose whereas it elapsed
for a longer duration at higher
dose.
Time in
minutes
Concentration in ppm
Fig 15 Effect of Clove oil on Induction and Recovery time of C. striatus
93
When the fish were put into induction tray containing clove oil, they became excited
and hypermotile followed by bubbling; the gill and fin movements progressively decreased, the
fish lost equilibrium and started swimming laterally. Finally the fish became immobile with full
loss of equilibrium and consciousness. After transfer to recovery tray reappearance of gill
movement was noticed first. This was followed by fin and then tail movement. The fish started
moving laterally. Gradually full equilibrium was regained and normal behaviour was restored
at 5.21±1.1 min., 3.20±0.40 min. and 6.38±1.15 min. as a function of 400 ppm, 450 ppm & 500
ppm clove oil respectively. Erythrocyte count (T/L), Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values
showed elevated levels when compared to control. RBC, Hb & Ht values significantly
increased 1 hr after anesthesia and returned to normal after 24 hrs. Anesthetic treated fishes
exhibited marked decrease in WBCs when compared to control group. The rest of the indices
(MCV, MCH, MCHC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils) were at comparable levels in all
groups. The anesthetic treated fishes were found to show a significant increase in the
concentration of glucose. The rest of the indices (TP, ALB, GLOB, ALT, AST) were at
comparable levels in all groups. Results of the study suggested that the use of clove oil at the
concentrations of 400, 450 and 500 ppm does not cause irreversible damage on the blood
parameters as well as biochemical profile in C. striatus.
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology:
Anesthetics are useful to fish farmers for the transport of adults as well as fingerlings.
The stress can be reduced to a greater extent and also the economic loss of fish farmers can be
reduced by preventing the fish mortality.
9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles:
5.2 Haniffa MA, Jeya Sheela P, Kavitha K. (2012) Anesthetic Efficacy of Clove Oil and its
Impact on Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793)
(Communicated to Turkish journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences IF-0.7).
M.Sc. Dissertation:
5.3 Chandrasekar B. 2012. „Effect of Clove oil on Hematology of Channa striatus challenged
with Aeromonos hydrophila.‟ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 40.
10. Any other information.
Nil
Signature of CPI/CCPI
94
Proforma -2
Validation of Developed/ Released/ Adopted Processing Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and
Orissa (F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI:Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai – 627 002.
CCPIs:Dr.A.K.Sahu, Dr.Kuldeep Kumar & Dr.Rajesh Kumar, CIFA,Bhubaneswar.
3. Title of the Technology: Murrel Filleting Technology
4. Information on Existing Farming Systems, Practices, Productivity Levels and Income in
the Target Area:
All over India, murrels are sold as live. Dead murrels are not preferred by consumers
and hence fish vendors quite often meet heavy loss. Hence preservation by some kind of
technology is essential. Filleting technology, for boneless preparation of murrels is the opt
one to meet the need. This technology is existing in places like Gazhipur market, New Delhi,
but it is not spread to markets of other states especially
Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka. In Andhra Pradesh now only
the technique is being popularized. For the first time the research
team of CARE has succeeded in preparation of fillet from live as
well as frozen murrel. But the fillet has not gained much attention
among consumers and fish vendors of South India. This
technology is promoted among housewives, working women,
SHGs, star hotels and restaurants.
This technology was tested and fillet was used for preparation of more than 20 recipes
by us. Moreover, 5 CDs highlighting the preparation of cooked and canned products using
fillets have been developed. Filleting technology has very good
scope for preserving dead murrels in frozen form to prepare fillet.
Moreover by this technology, the fish vendors can avoid monitory
loss since dead murrels are not preferred by consumers. The
SHGs, housewives and star hotels can adopt this processing
technology to prepare several fast food items as less time
consuming. Moreover, murrels have medicinal value and are
recommended for convalescence and arthritis patients. Both
CARE and CIFA demonstrated fillet preparation and preparation
of fast food and canned items to the target groups. At present fish
vendors of Gazhipur market, New Delhi are selling 3000 kg/day
of murrel fillet to star hotels and maximum murrel fillet sale is usually during October
(10,000 kg/day) and February (15,000 kg/day).One kilogram of murrel fillet is sold at a rate
of Rs.500 nowadays.
Murrel Fillet
95
3. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Food Products:
Value added products viz., Murrel Fry, Murrel Gravy, Murrel Briyani, Murrel Vermicelli,
Murrel Pollichathu, Murrel Cutlet, Murrel Pickle, Murrel Soup, Murrel Curry, Murrel Poori,
Murrel Finger chips, Murrel Papad, Murrel Noodles, Murrel Fish Soup Powder, Murrel
Shawarma, Murrel Gelatin, Murrel Spring Roll, Murrel Salad, Murrel Tikka, Crispy Murrel,
Murrel Ghatti rolls, Murrel Puffs, Southern Fried Murrel, Murrel Cookies, Murrel Dhall
powder, Muurel Bonda, Murrel Bajji, Murrel Fish Flakes, Murrel Vadai, Murrel Sticks and
Murrel Stew have been prepared. Ready to eat products viz: Murrel Wheat Kakhara, Murrel
Ragi Kakhara, Murrel Rice Kakhara, Murrel Pasta and Murrel Idli and Dosa have been
prepared.
Murrel Fish By-Products:
Gelatin was prepared from the skin of C. striatus, C. marulius, and C. micropeltes.
Fish Oil Essence and Murrel Protein Concentrate were prepared from C. striatus, C.
marulius, and C. micropeltes flesh
6 CDs highlighting their preparations have been developed.
Development of murrel gel and its application in making Papadum and Noodles
Washed pieces of murrel flesh were converted into gel by dilute acetic acid treatment.
Murrel flesh has excellent gel forming ability, emulsification and foaming properties. Murrel
gel has excellent functional properties. It has excellent keeping quality of 3 days at ambient
temperature (300C), 3 months under chilled condition and more than 6 months under frozen
condition. Murrel gel is highly nutritious and can be available on affordable price. Therefore,
we have found its application in development noodles and papadum.
First Patent has been filed for “Murrel Cookies” which is rich in protein and
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Per serving of Murrel cookies contain: Protein: 0.65 g; Calories:
53; Fat: 3.47g; Carbohydrates: 7.34g). The second patent on “Murrel Dhall Powder” a low
fat food (Fat: 6.04%) and rich in calcium (800.8 mg/100g) and iron (229.5 mg/100g) was
filed on 25.10.2013.
In addition to the above value added products, a combination of Murrel and Millet as
Murrel Millet Mix is something unique to improve health status. Research Collaboration has
been established with Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural
Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore to file patent for murrel millet mix.
4. Results
Status of dissemination/commercialization; and, extent of adoption and success, if
applicable; with supporting data (with tables and photographs as annexure):
For the first time the research team of CARE succeeded in preparation of fillet from live
as well as frozen murrel. Filleting technology yields 40% fillet, 23% head, 22% viscera, 8%
skin and 7% bone and the cost of fillet is Rs.800/Kg. Murrels are usually preferred as live fish
and this technology has a very good scope for preserving dead murrel in frozen form to prepare
fillet. Dead murrels can be stored in ice boxes for 7 days whereas fillet can be stored upto 30
days in freezer (-4ºC). The beneficiaries are SHGs, Housewives and Star Hotels who can adopt
this processing technology to prepare several fast food items. Both CARE and CIFA
f
96
demonstrated fillet preparation, preparation of fast food items and canned items to the target
groups.
Since the fillets are spine – free, children also show much interest in tasting the fish, thus
providing them with a protein rich diet. The prevailing compounds in murrel fillet were found
as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (56.69%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (21.02%),
Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.74%), Arachidonic acid methyl ester (1.87%) and 9-
Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) (2.84%). The other compounds include Dodecanoic acid,
methyl ester (0.82%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.64%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Methyl Ester,
(Z,Z,Z)(0.56%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-hexyl-, methyl ester(0.68%), Eicosanoic acid,
methyl ester (0.28%) and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)(0.61%). The PUFA/ Saturated
(P/S) ratio of C. striatus fish oil is 0.69 which is higher than the Patin (Pangasius
hypothalamus) with 0.67. On the other hand, the ω-3/ ω-6 ratio of C. striatus is 0.96 which is
higher than the catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (0.25) and Patin (0.73).
5. Brief description of technology for release:
The fish production and consumption patterns have changed over the last 30–40 years, with
both production and consumption being predominant in developing countries. Fish and all
aquatic products are easily digested, and though perishable, are easily processed into various
forms avoiding wastage. Most importantly, fish constitutes one of the main animal protein
sources of the developing world, containing all essential amino acids, thereby providing an
affordable nutrient source to most rural and those below poverty line communities.
Murrel Fish provides an excellent source of essential fatty acids. Murrels also provide
essential micronutrients in the form of vitamins, minerals and co-enzymes. Increasing quantum
of evidence is becoming available on the health benefits of fish consumption, with clear evidence
being brought forward with regard to its impact on common diseases such as cardio vascular
related ones. It is in this respect that there is an increase in fish consumption in the developed
world, whereas in the developing world, in all probability, the driving forces with regard to
increased consumption are its affordability and availability. There is clear evidence that both in
the developing and developed world, fish consumption are on the increase.
High perishability of fish and fish products is a serious problem in tropical countries like India
due to prevailing climatic conditions. Therefore, imparting value addition to this fish will not
only play an important role in developing self-stable products but also in employment generation
and income enhancement of the poor farmers. The entrepreneurs and SHGs, especially women
SHGs and private farmers have been given training on development of different murrel value
added products.
6. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology:
(8.1) Expected increase in area, production and net income
We have established tie up with Mr.Vinod Wasan, Fish n fun, Gazipur market, New Delhi.
(8.2) Others
97
7. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles
Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Eknath A E.
2012. Carcass Characteristics of Marketable size Striped Murrel Channa striatus (Bloch,
1793). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(2): 258-260.
Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahoo A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Majhi U J, Jahan, N, Sahoo M and
Jayasankar P. 2012. Quality and storage stability of low acid murrel (Channa striatus) pickle
at room temperature. International Food Research Journal 19(4): 1629-1632.
Popular Articles
Haniffa M A, Shanthi P, Kavitha K, Manikandaraja D and Jeya Sheela P. 2013. Value
Addition of Murrels: a Boon to Fish Farmers. Fishing Chimes
Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M, Jahan N and Eknath A E,
2011. Processing and value addition to murrel in value chain. Fishing Chimes 31(1): 106-
108.
Haniffa M A and Mohamed Riyaz H. 2012. Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012. Fishing Chimes
32(5): 9-12
Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad. 2013. Nellai
Fish Food Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 18-24
Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad. 2013. Nanjil
Food Fish Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 25-28.
Haniffa M A. 2013. Mana Aluthama, Viral Meen Biscuit Sapidunga (Tamil) (Murrel biscuits
a cure for depression). Kungumam, 26.08.2013, p 95-96.
8. Any other information.
Signature of PI / CCPI
98
Proforma -2
Processing Technologies/ Innovations
1. Title of the sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamil Nadu and Orissa
2. Name of CPI: Dr.M.A.Haniffa, Director, Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St. Xavier‟s College, Palayamkottai
3. Title of the technology: Human Health Management Technology
4. Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in
the target area:
Channid namely Channa striatus are economically important not only for its nutritional
value but also for its putative effects on wound healing, arthritis, ulcer, convalescence and
inflammation. In Malaysia, C. striatus is consumed as protein source to induce wound healing
after child birth and now becoming supplementary among caesarean mothers and illnesses such
as cancer and diabetic gangrene. In the present investigation, this species was analyzed for its
wound healing effects on male wistar rats.
5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:
Improvement of human health status by consuming C. striatus
6. Results (Status of dissemination/commercialization; and, extent of adoption and
success, if applicable; with supporting data (with tables and photographs as annexure)):
The muscle tissues of four Channa species namely, Channa striatus, C. punctatus, C.
marulius and C. diplogramme were screened against five enteric pathogens namely Salmonella
typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella vulgaris, Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii. A
maximum zone of inhibition (24.6 mm) was observed in C. striatus against Shigella dysenteriae.
It is therefore suggested that C. striatus can be a potential source of an antimicrobial protein for
specific human pathogens.
The antibacterial activity of skin mucus and intestinal mucus of five different Channa sp
viz Channa striatus, C. micropeltes, C. marulius, C. punctatus and C. gachua were tested against
five pathogenic bacteria namely Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia
coli, Vibrio fischeri and V. anguillarum. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed against
P. aeruginosa for the skin mucus (28±2.9mm) and intestinal mucus (29±3.2 mm) respectively,
suggesting the presence of antimicrobial peptides /proteins in fish mucus that makes the
membrane to act as barrier.
The fatty acids present in the murrel fillet were studied. The prevailing compounds in
murrel fillet were found as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (56.69%), Hexadecanoic acid,
methyl ester (21.02%), Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.74%), Arachidonic acid methyl ester
(1.87%) and 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) (2.84%). The other compounds include
Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester (0.82%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.64%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic
acid, Methyl Ester, (Z,Z,Z)(0.56%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-hexyl-, methyl ester(0.68%),
Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.28%) and 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)(0.61%).
Wound healing studies revealed faster healing upon topical application of C. striatus
crude extract by 21st day in 10% concentration whereas, 100% healing was observed on 18th
day
for standard treatment. Regarding anti-inflammatory studies, the striped murrel extract at
400mg/kg dose showed significant decrease in the paw volume (65.59%) of wistar rats when
99
compared to the control Indomethacin. In anti-arthritis studies, C. marulius rendered about
91.72% healing whereas C. striatus crude extract rendered 88.43% healing in comparison with
the Standard drug (92.86%). The results of our studies revealed that murrels are bio-assets to the
country and should be conserved for future generation.
7. Brief description of technology for release:
Since the fillets are spine – free, children also show much interest in tasting the fish, thus
providing them with a protein rich diet. Moreover, the PUFA/ Saturated (P/S) ratio of C. striatus
fish oil is 0.69 which is higher than the Patin (Pangasius hypothalamus) with 0.67. On the other
hand, the ω-3/ ω-6 ratio of C. striatus is 0.96 which is higher than the catfish, Clarias
macrocephalus (0.25) and Patin (0.73).Murrels have medicinal value and are recommended for
convalescence and arthritis patients. In South-east Asian countries (Malaysia, Singapore,
Vietnam, Thailand, etc.), the murrel fish oil essence is commercially available and ingested by
ladies after delivery for their post-operative wound healing effects.
8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology: Not immediate
(8.1) Expected increase in area, production and net income : NA
(8.2) Others: NA
9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the
publication.
Research Articles:
Dhanaraj M, Haniffa M A, Arunsingh V, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Manikandaraja D and
James Milton M. 2009. Antibacterial activity of skin and intestinal mucus of five different
murrel species. Malaysian Journal of Science 28(3): 257-262.
Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P and James Milton M. In vitro antibacterial activity of tissue
extracts from four channids against enteric pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology
9(6): 1437-1445.
Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Kavitha K, Mat Jais A M. 2013. Salutary values of striped
snakehead- Channa striatus – A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
(Accepted for publication).
10. Any other information: Nil
Signature of CPI/CCPI
100
Proforma -3
Details of Commercialized Technologies/ Innovations
(Page limit: 3 pages/technology)
1. Title of the Sub-project: A Value Chain on Murrel Production in Tamilnadu and Orissa
(F.No.1(5)/2007-NAIP dt. 22 August, 2008).
2. Name of CPI/CCPI:
CPI : Dr.M.A.Haniffa, St.Xavier‟s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai – 627 002.
CCPIs: Dr.A.K.Sahu, Dr.Kuldeep Kumar & Dr.Rajesh Kumar, CIFA, Bhubaneswar.
3. Title of the Technology: Murrel Pickle
4. Commercialization status with date of licensing/MOU:
We have established tie up with Arasan supermarket, Palayamkottai for the commercialization
of murrel pickle. For this purpose, murrel pickle was evaluated after an elapse of seven days on
changes in chemical and microbiological properties at an interval of 15 days upto 60 days of
storage. After 60 days of storage period microbiological count and quality traits did not show
appreciable change and remained satisfactory throughout the storage period. Now the product is
ready for commercialization. Tie up has been established with SHGs for commercialization of
murrel pickle for their income generation.
5. Brief description of intervention / innovation:
Change in murrel farmer‟s perceptions towards modern technology is the present need to
enable the farmers to understand the principles and benefits of new production systems and
practices. Such changes can only be done through good demonstration of the advantages of the
new and advanced systems/practices.
Emphasis is being given on developing self-stable fish
and fish food products, which can be stored at ambient
temperature (32 + 0.50C). Fish pickling in vinegar and edible
oil with added salt, spices and condiments provide ready to eat
highly acceptable convenience product with good self-stability
at an ambient temperature. Low moisture and reduced pH are
the important major factors contributing to the self-stability of
the pickles. Pickling also helps in improving the desirable
characteristics like taste and flavor along with the preservative
effect. The preliminary trials and evaluation of market fish pickle has indicated that, with pH
range 4.4 - 4.7, the products are objectionably sour; consequently its acceptability was decreased.
Information on development and storage stability of low acid murrel pickle is limited. Therefore
the objective of the present study was to prepare highly acceptable low acid murrel pickle and
study their storage stability at 32 +0.50C.
Low acid murrel meat pickle was prepared using deboned meat from marketable size
murrel (700 + 59 g). The product was evaluated after an elapse of seven days on maturation for
change in physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties at an interval of 15
days up to 60 days at 32 + 0.50C. Results showed that pH and titratable acidity of the low acid
pickle was 4.83 and 0.68, whereas in control murrel pickle, these values were 4.68 and 0.74
respectively. After 60 days of storage period microbiological count and sensory quality traits did
101
not show appreciable change and remained satisfactory throughout the storage period. Low acid
pickles had significantly lower sourness and high overall acceptability compared to the control.
Murrel pickle has the potential of becoming ready-to-eat, self-stable, highly acceptable health
food products of indigenous origin.
Name and address of the firm(s) which links to commercialized the product:
1. Arasan Supermarket,
Kamatchi Amman Kovil street, 1st cross street, KTC Nagar, Tirunelveli – 627 011.
2. Aryaas Super market
139 A, Trivandrum road, Palayamkottai-627002
Contact number: 0462 2585713, 2585450.
3. Anantha Departmental Stores
81 B/1&2,Tiruchendur Road, Palayamkottai-627002
Contact number: 0462 2585801, 2585802
6. Area (state(s)/district(s)) covered:
Tie up with different supermarkets of Tamil Nadu is under process.
7. Volume/quantity of Annual production and approximate sale value:
8. Benchmark (existing similar product) and Consumer acceptance, particularly in case of
food products:
9. Status of patenting, if patentable, trademark or any other IPR title, if applicable
Signature of CPI/CCPI
102
Pro-forma 3
Details on Rural Entrepreneurships/ Rural Industries Developed
(Page limit: 3 pages/ rural industry)
1) Title of the sub-project:
2) Name of CPI:
3) Name of rural industry with address:
4) Contact: Phone and E-mail of rural industry:
5) Investment (Rs): NAIP Funds
Industry/ Entrepreneur
6) Product(s) produced and marked:
7) Annual Production (kg or litre):
8) Raw Material(s) and Quantity used/ year (kg or litre):
9) Cost of raw material (per kg or litre):
10) Price of Product: In Whole Sale
In Retail
11) Type of Beneficiaries:
12) Number of Beneficiaries:
13) How the Industry is beneficial to primary producers:
14) Estimate Employment Generation/ Year (person days):
15) CPI to explain whether the industry is approved by FPO/BIS or any other statutory body and
how the food safety and quality assurance of end product are being ensured?
Note: Use separate pro-forma for each entrepreneurship/ rural industry
Attach photograph(s) relevant to the industry/ entrepreneurship
103
Proforma -4
Information on Technologies/ Innovations Filed for Patent
1. Exact title of the technology and date of filing application: Nutritional Cookie
Composition And A Process For Preparing The Same
2. Where it was filed?
The Patent application was filed by “Metayage IP Strategy Consulting LLP‟, Coimbatore
3. Present status (if number is awarded, give No. and date):
Patent filing Specifications: 1277/DEL/2013 dt.30.04.2013
4. Brief write up of the technology(duly masking the IPR related issues) which can be
printed:
Murrel Cookie is an edible food product rich in protein and Poly unsaturated fatty acids (Per
serving of Murrel cookies contain: Protein: 13.65%; Energy 471.1Kcal/100g; Fat: 10.1%;
Carbohydrates: 63.04%; Calcium 0.45%; Iron 5.5mg/100g).
As it is high in nutrition, it can be consumed as snacks to meet immediate energy
requirement of all age groups, since it is more nutritious than other cookies.
The protein content of the Murrel cookie is higher than the cookies available in the markets.
Murrels are rich in Omega-3 (EPA – 0.21% and DHA- 0.19%) fatty acids. Hence, no doubt
that the incorporation of Murrel fish in cookie will improve the health of the consumer.
Preparation is easy and increased storage time and no fishy odour are added advantages
5. Whether the technology is commercialized?
No. Tie up has been established with Millenium Exports, Periamet, Chennai and
Mr.Sukumar, Thureya Properties, Coimbatore for Commercialization.
6. Impact of the technology:
Since the murrel cookie is rich in nutrients, malnourished and old age people will be
benefitted. Murrel cookies will definitely play an important role in improving the health status of
the socially weaker sector.
Signature of CPI/CCPI
Murrel Cookies
104
Proforma -4
Information on Technologies/ Innovations Filed for Patent
1. Exact title of the technology and date of filing application: Process For Preparaing
Nutritionally Rich Dhal Powder And Its Composition
2. Where it was filed?
The Patent application was filed by “Metayage IP Strategy Consulting LLP‟, Coimbatore
3. Present status (if number is awarded, give No. and date):
Patent filing Specifications: 3168 /DEL/2013 dt.25.10.2013
4. Brief write up of the technology(duly masking the IPR related issues) which can be
printed:
Murrel Dhal Powder was prepared due to its richness in Omega 3 (EPA – 0.21% and DHA-
0.19%) fatty acids (in murrel) for promoting growth of malnutrition babies as well as old people.
A combination of Murrel and Dhal together as Murrel Dhal powder is something unique to
improve health status of school children and aged people. Increase in the concentration of murrel
fish powder resulted in decrease in fat and increase in calcium in the murrel dhal powder. The
Murrel Dhal Powder is a low fat food but enriched with calcium as details given below:
S. No Chemical Composition % of Channa striatus
0 20 30
1 Fat (g/100g) 13.56 7.31 6.04
2 Calcium (mg/ 100g) 403.2 603.3 800.8
5. Whether the technology is commercialized?
No. Tie up has been established with Arasan Super Market, Tirunelveli for
Commercialization.
6. Impact of the technology:
Since the murrel dhall powder is a low fat food rich in calcium, malnourished, diabetic
and old age people will be benefitted. Murrel dhall powder will definitely play an important role
in improving the health status of the socially weaker sector.
Signature of CPI/CCPI
Value Chain Flow Diagram as Approved by PMC
A VALUE CHAIN ON MURREL PRODUCTION IN TAMIL NADU AND ORISSA (As per the original proposal approved by the PMC)
OUTPUT
**Publications: IF: Journals with Impact Factor; PR: Peer Reviewed Journals; PA: Popular Articles; Proc: Proceedings; Tech Bull: Technical Bulletin;
CP: Communicated Papers
PR
OD
UC
TIO
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EC
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T I O
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A.S
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DL
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B.G
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W O
UT
Mass Seed
Production
Mass Culture
of Live Feed
Pelleted feed
for murrels
Larviculture
of Murrels
Murrel Growout
culture
Live Fish
Transport
Disease
Management
*4,81,147 seeds of C. striatus & C. marulius produced
*8,000 – 12,000 eggs produced by HCG 2000 IU / Kg female PR: 2; PA: 5; CDS:
4, Book Chapter: 3
CP: 1; Proc: 1
*Cladocerans (8,000/l), Copepods (7,000/l), Rotifers
(10,000/l) produced
*Succeeded in mass culture of zooplankton, Vermiculture
and Tubifex
PR:4; Book: 4;
CDS: 1
Ph.D Thesis: 1
Ann: I
Plate: 1
*Diet containing fish meal (anchovy and jawala) – 60%,
wheat flour – 10%, rice flour - 10% and soya flour 20%
with herbs and probiotics formulated
Ann: I
Plate: 2
PR:1; CP:1
CDS: 1
Ann: I
Plate: 3
*3 days old post larvae rotifers suitable for 15 days
*16th
day onwards with boiled chicken intestine
*30th
day onwards- semi- moist or pellet feed
recommended *Earthern Ponds of 0.1 ha to 0.4 ha with a depth of 1m
suitable for culture
*52 farmers in Tamil Nadu harvested 27.67 tons ranging
from 0.1 ton – 5 tons/ha/yr with a profit range of Rs.30,000
to Rs. 15,00,000/ha/yr in large scale
*1119 farmers were trained through 21 training and twelve
workshop in Tamil Nadu,, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Orissa
*Recommended dosage for 48 hrs transport- 450 ppm
clove oil
*Aluminium drums (1.75*2*6 ft) of 100 l capacity
suggested for transport of 45 adult murrels (25 Kg) for 24
hours travel
Herbal pastes were prepared using medicinal herbs Coleus
aromaticus, Wrightia tinctoria, Azadiracta indica and
turmeric for treating EUS of murrels.
IF:2; PR:6; CP:1;
Proc:5, MSc.
Theses: 4
Ph.D Theses: 3
Ann: I
Plate: 3
PR:1; PA:13;
Proc:7; CDS: 8
Books: 3
Book Chapter: 7 Tech Bulletin: 6
Ann: I
Plate: 4
CP:1
M.Sc. Thesis:1
Ann: I
IF:2; PR:5; PA:1;
Proc:6; Ph.D
Thesis:1
M.Sc.Theses:5
Ann: I
Plate: 5
Annexure &
Photo plates Publications**
*
OUTPUT November 2008 – March 2014 Interventions Missing Links
**Publications: IF: Journals with Impact Factor; PR: Peer Reviewed Journals; PA: Popular Articles; Proc: Proceedings; Tech Bull: Technical Bulletin;
CP: Communicated Papers
PR
OC
ES
SIN
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MA
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DIS
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*Filleting technology yielded 40% fillet, 23% head, 22% viscera,
8% skin and 7% bone and the cost of fillet is Rs.800/Kg
* Fillet can be stored upto 30 days in freezer (-4 ºC)
*Murrel fillet used for preaparation of Murrel fry, Murrel gravy,
Murrel Briyani, Murrel Vermicelli, Murrel Pollichathu, Murrel
Cutlet, Murrel Pickle, Murrel Soup, Murrel Curry, Murrel Poori,
Murrel Finger chips, Murrel papad, Murrel Noodles, Murrel fish
Soup Powder, Murrel Shawarma, Murrel Gelatin, Murrel spring
roll, Murrel salad, Murrel Tikka, Crispy murrel, Murrel Ghatti
rolls, Murrel Puffs, Southern fried murrel, Murrel Cookies, Murrel
Dhall powder, Murrel Bonda, Murrel Bajji, Murrel Fish Flakes,
Murrel Vadai
*PATENT has been filed for “Murrel Cookies” on 30.04.2013 and
Murrel Dhall Powder on 25.10.2013
Next Patent on Murrel Millet Mix is under progress
Murrel Fillet –
Value Addition IF:1; PR:3, PA:6;
CP:4, Proc:1;
Tech Bull:2
Ann: II
Plate: 5-7
Linkages
* Linkages have been developed with fish vendors in Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and different states
department fisheries, KVKs, NFDB and State Fisheries Colleges
*We have included SHGs (Women and Men) for murrel farming
* Linkages have been developed with Manian Laboratories,
Coimbatore, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Prathyusha Institute of
Technology, Chennai, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Malar
Magalir Self Help Group, Nagercoil, Central Institute of
Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Aquaculture Foundation of
India, Chennai
NA Ann: III
Plate: 8
Linkages
* Collaboration with fish vendors and fish traders
* Periodical training and workshop in neighbouring states (Kerala,
Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh) apart from Tamil Nadu
*About 21 training and 12 workshop were organized by CARE,
CIFA and TNC
* Awareness program via media (Daily news papers, technical
manuals, pamphlets, fact sheet etc.) and television
PA: 10
Newspaper: 40
CDs:4
Ann: III
Plate: 8
Murrel Value Chain Sustainability Backyard hatcheries for small
scale production -10,000 seeds in
an area of 289 sq.ft.
large scale 100000 seeds in 0.5
acre
Confidence in production of live
feed, Semi moist feed and
pelleted feed.
Network of farmers registered;
CART at KIFVI, Kalakad village;
Youtube all videos on murrel culture;
Daily contact by email / Phone and
website
Linkages developed among murrel
farmers, fish vendors, processors and
markets.
Availability of video CDs in youtube under
murrel culture;
Articles on EUS treatment in the website;
Visits by CARE research team to
stakeholders farms.
Impact Stakeholders confident to
produce 100000 seeds in an area
of 0.5 acre
Net Profit Rs.3 Lakhs
Stakeholders confident of
preparing feed; Housewives
expertise in plankton culture at
backyard.
Increase in number of murrel farmers 52
from 0
Rs.100-150/ kg in 2008.
Rs 600-750/kg now Demand more;
supply less; Production / ha =0.1 - 5 tons
Assured market consumer safety for
Export
Consumers preference for murrel fillet
(e.g. Murrel Pickle)
Loss due to dead fish reduced
Shelf life of murrel fillet (for 30 days)
increased
Preparation of ready to cook and ready to
eat products in the absence of marine
fish in markets.
Stakeholders confidence in EUS treatment
Due importance to water quality.
Outcome 2000 IU HCG to produce 8000-
12000 eggs
107889 Seeds produced by SXC
263258 Seeds produced by
CIFA.
110000 Seeds produced by
stakeholders, Orissa
Semi-moist diet (fish meal:
Anchovy and Jawala 60%; Wheat
flour 10%; Rice flour 10% and
Soya flour 20%) recommended -
probiotics and herbs incorporated.
0.1 ha- 0.4 ha pond with 1m depth
recommended; 52 farmers in Tamil Nadu
started Murrel culture harvested 27.67
tons and earned Rs.62,90,650/-;
83 farmers harvested 5.5 tons of murrels
with an income of Rs. 1,23,900/- per 1.4
ton murrel.
Aluminium drums and Anasthetics didn’t
receive attention.
Diseased fishes quarantined and treated
with Coleus aromaticus, Ocimum sanctum,
Curcuma longa and Wrightia tinctoria;
Feed incorporated with Probiotics for
disease resistance
Interventions Refinement of Induced breeding
techniques to produce seeds
throughout the year.
Rotifers (10,000/l) cladocerans
(8000/l), copepods (7000/l)
produced.
Mass culture of zooplankton -
TNC
Vermiculture and tubifex- CIFA
Rotifiers for 3 days old post
larvae
16th day onwards- boiled chicken
intestine
30th day onwards- semi-moist
feed
1. Motivation of stakeholders to start
murrel culture by training, workshop and
Expo
2. Refinement of culture technology.
3. Preparation of semi moist and pelleted
feed.
4.Incorporation of probiotics and herbs
in diets
Filleting: 40% fillet, 23% head, 22%
viscera,8% skin and 7% bone
Cost of fillet Rs.800/ kg. Preparation of
ready to eat and ready to cook products-
Housewives, SHGs, Star hotels etc.,
Murrel soup from head, leather from
Skin and manure from other wastes
Handle live murrel with care –use cloth
To avoid loss of mucus-avoid abrasion
Herbal pastes prepared using Coleus
aromaticus, Wrightia tinctoria, Azadiracta
indica and turmeric for EUS treatment.
Reasons Monsoon failure, Absence of
Natural breeding, lack of
knowledge on Induced breeding
Techniques.
1. Refinement of mass culture of
live feed -Train fingerlings to
feed on pelleted feed
2. Supply of feed as semi-moist
(with or without fishmeal) to fry
and fingerlings
Non availability of readymade feed in
markets.
Non availability of murrel seeds;
Carnivorous, piscivorous and
cannibalistic behaviour of murrels;
Occurrence of EUS.
Aluminium drums of 100 l capacity to
transport 50 adult murrels for 24 hrs.
450ppm clove oil recommended for live
fish transport
Filleting technology popularized.
EUS more during rainy season
More in the wild capture- market samples.
Issues Lack of production /sale centres
for murrel seeds.
Seed availability only seasonal in
the wild
No readymade feed as for carps;
carnivorous, piscivorous and
cannibalistic habit Non
acceptability of pelleted feed and
lack of knowledge on live feed
Lack of interest in murrel culture;
Psychological fear
Consumers preference live murrel
mortality during live murrel transport.
Gut break of Diseases (EUS) resulting in
mass mortality.
Murrel Seed Production Difficulty in larviculture of
murrels
Murrel Growout Culture Dead murrels –Heavy loss to fish
vendors.
Disease Management
Murrel Value Chain
Annexure 1
Guidelines for Citation of Publications from NAIP sub-projects
1. Research Article:
1.1 Dhanaraj M, Haniffa M A, Arunsingh V, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Manikandaraja D and
James Milton M. 2009. Antibacterial activity of skin and intestinal mucus of five different
murrel species. Malaysian Journal of Science 28(3): 257-262.
1.2 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Study on the growth and survival of
Channa striatus post larvae (Bloch) using live feed. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Science
13(2): 131-135.
1.3 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2009. Comparative study on growth of Channa
striatus fry and fingerlings using different feeding regimes. Journal of Aquatic Biology
24(2): 173-176.
1.4 Altaff K and Mehraj Ud Din W. 2010. Culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta using chicken
manure as fertilizer: Conversion of a Waste product into highly nutritive protein. Pakistan
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53(2): 89-91.
1.5 Mehraj Ud Din W and Altaff K. 2010. Culture of zooplankton for rearing fish larvae.
Pollution Research 29(2): 91-93.
1.6 Mehraj Ud Din W, Altaff K and Haniffa M A. 2010. Evaluation of growth and survival of fry
of Channa striatus (Bloch) using different feeding regimes and cladoceran live feed. Journal
of Experimental Zoology India 13(1): 225-227.
1.7 Mehraj Ud Din War and Kareem Altaff. 2011. High density culture of a cladoceran Moina
micrura (Kurz, 1874) by utilizing poultry manure. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research 54(3): 131-135.
1.8 Mehraj Ud Din War, Kareem Altaff and Mohammed Abdul Khader Haniffa. 2011. Growth
and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) fed different live feed
organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11(3):523-528.
1.9 Muthukrishnan Dhanaraj and Mohamed Abdul Kather Haniffa 2011. Effect of probiotics on
growth and microbiological changes in snakehead Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas
hydrophila. African Journal of Microbiology Research 26(5):4601-4606.
1.10 Rauta P R, Kumar K and Sahoo P K. 2011. Emerging new multi-drug resistant bacterial
pathogen Acinetobacter baumanii from snake head Channa striatus from India. Current
Science 101(4): 548-553.
1.11 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Eknath
A E. 2012. Carcass Characteristics of Marketable size Striped Murrel Channa striatus
(Bloch, 1793). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(2): 258-260.
1.12 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahoo A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Majhi U J, Jahan, N, Sahoo M
and Jayasankar P. 2012. Quality and storage stability of low acid murrel (Channa striatus)
pickle at room temperature. International Food Research Journal 19(4): 1629-1632.
1.13 Haniffa M A and Kavitha K. 2012. Antibacterial activity of medicinal herbs against the
fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Agricultural Technology 8(1): 205-211.
1.14 Haniffa M Aand Shanthi P. 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial screening of
medicinal plants against Aeromonas hydrophila. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Clinical Research
1.15 Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A and Manikandaraja D. 2012. Induced ovulation and
spawning of a striped snakehead murrel Channa striatus (Bloch) under captive conditions.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences 1(1): 033-039.
1.16 Kuldeep K, Lalrinsanga P L, Sahoo M, Mohanty U L, Kumar R and Sahu A K. 2013.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Anabas testudineus and Channa
Species under Different Culture Systems. World Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science
5(1): 74-78.
1.17 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M and John De Britto A. 2013. Invitro and
Invivo Antimicrobial Effects of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. against Epizootic
Ulcerative Syndrome in Channa striatus. International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical sciences 5(3): 219-222.
1.18 Haniffa M A, Kavitha Bharathi B, Viji Margaret I, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja
D. 2013. Effect of probiotics and certain herbal additives on growth, survival and disease
resistance of Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. World Aquaculture
44(2): 64-67.
1.19 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P and James Milton M. In vitro antibacterial activity of tissue
extracts from four channids against enteric pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology
9(6): 1437-1445.
1.20 Ramesh S, Chelladurai G and Haniffa M A. 2013. Isolation of enzyme producing
bacterial from gut of Channa striatus fed on different herbs and probiotics diet. International
Journal Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(4): 195-198.
1.21 Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. 2013. Preliminary Studies on the Effect of Prey
Length on Growth, Survival and Cannibalism of Larval Snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch,
1793). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 45(2): 1-6.
1.22 Bilal Ahmad Paray, Haniffa M A, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2013.
Breeding Behaviour and Parental Care of the Induced Bred Striped Murrel Channa
striatusunder Captive Conditions. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13:
707-711.
1.23 Mohapatra S D, Kumar K, Jayasankar P and Barman H K. 2013. Establishment of dry –
down hypoxic stress treatment protocol for snakehead freshwater fish, Channa striatus.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1(2): 36–39.
Papers in Press
1.24 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M and Kavitha K 2012. Protein Profiling for
Phylogenetic Relationship of Snakehead Species. Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences (Accepted)
1.25 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Kavitha K, Mat Jais A M. 2013. Salutary values of striped
snakehead- Channa striatus – A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
(Accepted)
1.26 Haniffa M A, Viji Margaret I, Kavitha Bharathi B and Jeya Sheela P. 2013 Dietary
administration of herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri on growth performance and
haematological changes in striped snakehead Channa striatus. World Aquaculture
(Accepted)
1.27 Mehrajuddin War and Kareem Altaff. Utilization of Poultry excreta for high density
production of Daphnia carinata (King 1853). Cost effective and environmental friendly
technique. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (Accepted)
1.28 Haniffa M A, Shanthi P, Kavitha K, Manikandaraja D and Jeya Sheela P. 2013. Value
Addition of Murrels: a Boon to Fish Farmers. Fishing Chimes
Communicated papers
1.29 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, Vigneswaran R and Kavitha K. 2012. Effect of Vitamins on
Digestive Enzyme Activities and Growth Performances of Striped Murrel Channa striatus.
Iranian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
1.30 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P, James Milton M, Kavitha K and Ajaz Ali Bhat. 2012. Inter
simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker and principal component analysis (PCA) for species
identification and evolutionary analysis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
1.31 Haniffa M A, Jeya Sheela P and Kavitha K. 2012. Anesthetic Efficacy of Clove Oil and
its Impact on Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793).
Turkish journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
1.32 Bilal Ahamad Paray, Haniffa M A and Ananth Kumar Y. Studies on Embryonic and
Larval Development of Induced Bred Channa striatus. Envirobiotech Journal.
1.33 Ajaz Ali Bhat, Haniffa M A, James Milton M, Bilal Ahmad,
Divya P R, Gopalakrishnan
A. 2013. Genetic variation of Striped Snakehead (Channa striatus, Bloch, 1793) populations
using RAPD markers. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation
2. Book
2.1. Sundararaj V and Haniffa M A. 2010. Veral Valarppu, p 248 Naveena Velaanmai, Chennai,
India.
2.2. Haniffa M A. 2011. Aquatic Resources and Aquaculture, p 328 Dominant Publishers and
Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
2.3. Sundararaj V. and Altaff K. 2012. Meen Valarpil Uyirunavugal, p 258 Naveena Velanmei,
Chennai, India.
2.4. K. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Saurabh, M. Sahoo, A. K. Mohanty, P. Lalrinsanga, U. L. Mohanty,
A. K. Sahu and P. Jayasankar. 2012. Snakehead: Fishes fact sheets. p 38 Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar.
3. Book Chapter
3.1.Eknath A E, Kumar K, Jena J K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N and Sahoo M. 2010.
Murrel: An ideal fish for mass production (in) souvenir of Assam Matsya Mahotsav,
organized by the Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Assam during 30th
Jan- 1st Feb 2010. p 5-
8
3.2. Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M and Jahan, N. 2011. Murrel Culture
in Odisha-A Humble Beginning (in) Aquaculture Innovators, p 105-112, Radheshyam et al.
(Eds), Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
3.3. Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel culture and its
popularization. (in) Training manual on Fish Breeding and Seed Production, p37-45, KVK,
CIFA (Eds), Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Odisha and KVK- Khurda, Central Institute
of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
3.4 Kumar R, Kumar K, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel (Channa striatus): Potential
candidate species for nutritional security and livelihood generation. (in) Souvenir: The world
food day, p 49-51, S J Swain et al. (Eds), Odisha Krishak Samaj, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
3.5 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Saurabh S, Sahu B B, Sahoo M, Mohanty A, Sahu A K
and Jayasankar P. 2013. Snakehead fishes: Alternative candidate fish for diversification
aquaculture. pp- 119-132 (in) Aquaculture: New Possibilities and Concerns, P-187 Sinha,
V.R.P., Jayasankar, P. (Eds), Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, India.
3.6 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Jalkrishi mein
Dakhata Vikash, p 50-54. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
on 15-19 July 2013.
3.7 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) Ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on Unnat mithajal
matya palan, p 54-57. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India.
12-16 December 2013.
3.8 Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Verma D K.2013. Saoul (murrel) ka beej utpadan ebm Palan
(Hindi) (Seed Productuction and culture of murrel) (in) Training manual on ‘Mithajal Matya
palan mein unnat praudhogiki’, p56-59. Published by Director, CIFA, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India. 20-24 December 2013.
4. Thesis:
4.1.Mohamed Ansari A. 2009. ‘Effect of water probiotics on intestinal microflora and growth,
Aeromonas hydrophila challenged Channa striatus exposed to different salinity.’ M Sc
thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 55.
4.2. Jeyakumar R. 2010. ‘Studies on the effect of herbal concoction in the therapy of Channa
striatus (Bloch).’ M Sc thesis, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu,
p 59.
4.3 Suganya K R. 2010. ‘Digestive enzyme activities of Channa striatus fingerlings fed with
selected medicinal herbs.’ M Sc thesis, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil
Nadu, p 29.
4.4 Tamil Elakkiya B. 2010. ‘Digestive enzyme activities of Channa marulius fingerlings fed
with selected probiotics.’ M Sc thesis, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil Nadu,
p 32.
4.5 Jafar Sathik S. 2010. ‘Intraspecific hybridization between two different populations and
RAPD analysis of Murrel Channa striatus’. M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College,
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 43.
4.6 Vigneshwaran R. 2011. ‘Effect of dietary vitamins on growth and protein variability of
Channa striatus fingerlings.’ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 62.
4.7 Ashfaq Ahmed S. 2011. ‘Studies on pathogenicity and treatment of Channa marulius
infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.’ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 44.
4.8 Riyaz Ahmed A. 2011. ‘Molecular identification and diagnostics of Epizootic Ulcerative
Syndrome (EUS) in Striped Murrel Channa striatus.’ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College
(Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 34.
4.9 Chandrasekar B. 2012. ‘Effect of Clove oil on Hematology of Channa striatus challenged
with Aeromonos hydrophila.’ M Sc thesis, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous),
Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 40.
4.10 Imthathulla S. 2012. ‘A comparative study of Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation
in selected murrel species challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.’ M Sc thesis, Jamal
Mohamed College (Autonomous), Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, p 26.
PhD Theses:
4.11 Dhanaraj M. 2009. ‘Probiotics as immunostimulants in striped murrel Channa striatus.’
Ph D thesis, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, p 127.
4.12 Mehraj Ud Din War. 2012. ‘Aspects of development and larval rearing of snakehead
murrel Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) using different feed.’ Ph D thesis, Madras University,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, p 108
4.13 Bilal Ahmad Paray. 2012. ‘Histological studies on ontogenic development and larval
rearing of striped murrel Channa striatus.’ Ph D thesis, Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, p 165.
5. Popular Article:
5.1 Haniffa M A. 2009. ICAR NAIP sponsored workshop on breeding and seed production of
murrels. Fishing Chimes 29(8): 48 -51.
5.2 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, James Milton M, Arunsingh S V and
Ajaz Ali. 2009. Backyard Murrel Culture for Women. Infofish International 6:14 -16.
5.3 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Arunsingh V and Manikandaraja D.
2010. Fecundity of C. striatus (Bloch 1793) collected from Tambraparni River. Fishing
Chimes 30(7): 7-8.
5.4 Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. Trainings on Seed production,
feed formulation, and culture of murrels. Fishing Chimes 30(8): 35-38.
5.5 Haniffa M A, Bilal Ahmad Paray and Manikandaraja D. 2010. ICAR-NAIP sub-project
workshops on seed production, feed formulation and disease management in murrel culture.
Fishing Chimes 30(8): 39-42
5.6 Haniffa M A, Seenappa D, Manikandaraja D and James Milton M. 2011. Murrel Farming
training to Fish farmers of Karnataka. Fishing Chimes 30(10&11): 52-53.
5.7 Kumar K, Eknath A E, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M and Jahan N. 2011.
Snake heads: Challenging fish for diversification of fish farming. Fishing Chimes 31(1): 110-
113.
5.8 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Sahu A K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Sahoo M, Jahan N and Eknath A E,
2011. Processing and value addition to murrel in value chain. Fishing Chimes 31(1): 106-
108.
5.9 Haniffa M A. 2011. Popularization of Murrel Farming among Fish Farmers of Hyderabad.
Fishing Chimes 31(2): 27-29
5.10 Haniffa M A. 2011. A value chain on murrel production for income generation. Fishing
Chimes 31(5): 19-21
5.11 Haniffa M A. 2012. ICAR- NAIP Sponsored One day Training Programme on – Seed
Production, Feed Formulation and Culture of Murrels: 22 Sept 2011. Fishing Chimes 31(12):
18-20
5.12 Haniffa M A and Mohamed Riyaz H. 2012. Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012. Fishing
Chimes 32(5): 9-12
5.13 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad. 2013.
Nellai Fish Food Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 18-24
5.14 Haniffa M A, Jeyasheela P, Manikandaraja D, Jafar Sathik S, and Bilal Ahmad. 2013.
Nanjil Food Fish Festival 2013. Fishing Chimes 33(6): 25-28.
6. Newspaper Article:
6.1 Haniffa M A. 2008. Rs 3 crore grant to train fish farmers on Murrel culture. The Hindu,
14.10.2008.
6.2 Haniffa M A. 2008. Viral meen urpathi payirchi. Dinamalar, 14.10.2008.
6.3 Haniffa M A. 2008. Arithagi varum viral meen urupathiyai peruka mathiya arasu Rs 3.2
crore Nithi uthavi. Dinakaran, 14.10.2008.
6.4 Haniffa M A. 2008. Viral meen aaraichikaga Rs.3 crore othukeedu. Daily Thanthi,
15.10.2008.
6.5 Haniffa M A. 2008. The unemployed can easily earn Rs.30,000/- to Rs 40,000/- a year from
a small pond. The Hindu, 19.10.2008.
6.6 Haniffa M A. 2009. Murrel fish training to farmers. The Hindu, 14.03.2009.
6.7 Haniffa M A. 2009. Great demand for Murrel fish. The Hindu, 17.03.2009.
6.8 Haniffa M A. 2009. Viral meen payirchi thuvangiathu. Dinamalar, 17.03.2009.
6.9 Haniffa M A. 2009. CARE aims st socio economic upliftment through Murrel farming. The
New Indian Express, 11.06.2009.
6.10 Haniffa M A. 2009. Vivasaigaluku meen valarpu payirchi 30th
June Nadakirathu. The
Daily Thanthi, 11.06.2009.
6.11 Haniffa M A. 2009. 200 ton viral meengal urupathi seya plan. Dinakaran, 1.07.2009.
6.12 Haniffa M A. 2009. Viral meen kunjugal urupathiku athiga vivasaiyigal thaevai.
Dinamalar, 1.07.2009.
6.13 Haniffa M A. 2010. Good scope for Murrel culture. The new Indian Express, 28.1.2010.
6.14 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen valarkamunvarum magalir kuluvinarku uthavigal.
Dinakaran , 3.02.2010.
6.15 Haniffa M A. 2010. Farmers to learn new fish culture Techniques. The Hindu, 3.02.2010.
6.16 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen kunju valarpathu kurithapayirchi mugaam. Daily
Thanthi, 3.02.2010.
6.17 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen kuritha aaraichigal, vivasaikalai sendradayavendum.
Dinamalar, 23.3.2010.
6.18 Haniffa M A. 2010. Neervalam konda kulangalil viral meen valarga munvaravendum.
Daily Thanthi, 25.03.2010.
6.19 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meengalai athigalavu urupathi seya vendum. Dinamalar,
25.3.2010.
6.20 Haniffa M A. 2010. Valedictory function of training programme on Murrel farming held.
The New Indian Express, 25.03.2010.
6.21 Haniffa M A. 2010. Mana manakum viral Piriyani. Daily Thanthi, 28.03.2010.
6.22 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen valarpil athiga labam peralam. Dinamalar, 7.7.2010.
6.23 Haniffa M A. 2010. From a poor driver to successful fish farmer. The Hindu, 15.12.2010.
6.24 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen valarpu payirchi mugaam. Daily Thanthi, 15.12.2010.
6.25 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viral meen kunju urupathi mulam varudathirku Rs. 15 lakh
varumanam peralam. Dinamalar, 15.12.2010.
6.26 Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral meen il irunthu Karpinigaluku marunthu. Daily Thanthi,
12.08.2011.
6.27 Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral meen eatrumathiku nalla chanthai vaippu. Dinamani,
12.08.2011.
6.28 Haniffa M A. 2011. Fish farmers Training on seed production and culture of Murrels.
Daily Thanthi, 23.11.2011.
6.29 Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral meenin magathuvamum maruthuvamum. Daily Thanthi,
18.12.2011.
6.30 Haniffa M A. 2012. Viral meen unavu kankatchi. Daily Thanthi, 8.1.2012.
6.31 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel fish food mela today. The Hindu, 9.1.2012.
6.32 Haniffa M A. 2013. Meen unavin thaevai nalukunal athigaripu, Dinamani, 8.02.2013.
6.33 Haniffa M A. 2013. Palai il unavu Thiruvila. Dinakaran, 9.02.2013.
6.34 Haniffa M A. 2013. Palai il viral meen unavu kankatchi. Dinamani, 31.07.2013.
6.35 Haniffa M A. 2013. Training for inland fish farmers in Murrel culture. The Hindu,
1.08.2013.
6.36 Haniffa M A. 2013. Viral meen idly podi. Dinakaran, 1.08.2013.
6.37 Haniffa M A. 2013. Viral valarpu karutharangu. Daily Thanthi, 1.08.2013.
6.38 Haniffa M A. 2013. Viral valarpu and unavu kankatchi. Dina malar, 1.08.2013.
6.39 Haniffa M A. 2013. Viral meen valarpathu eppadi. Daily Thanthi, 13.09.2013.
6.40 Haniffa M A. 2013. Viral meen valarkalam. Daily Thanthi, 12.12.2013
7. Seminar/ Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings
7.1 Haniffa M A. 2010. Effect of Effinol ® FG incorporated diets on growth response of Striped
Snakehead Channa striatus (in) Proceedings of International Conference on World
Aquaculture 2010 - General Aquaculture session held during 1 – 5 March 2010 at San Diego,
California.
7.2 Haniffa M A. 2011. Effect of Probiotics on growth and microbiological changes in snakehead
Channa striatus challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (in) Proceedings of International
Conference on Aquaculture America 2011 - Fin Fish Nutrition session held during 28th
February – 3rd
March 2011 at New Orleans Marriott, New Orleans, Louisiana.
7.3 Haniffa M A and Abdul Kader Mydeen K P. 2012 Effects of medicinal herbs on
haematological and biochemical changes in Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and
Cyprinus carpio challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila (in) Proceedings of International
Conference on AQUA 2012, held during 1 – 5 September 2012 at Prague Czech Republic.
7.4 Haniffa M A and Abdul Kader Mydeen.K P. Isolation and identification of microflora Of
Diseased Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Cyprinus carpio and Treatment By
Medicinal Herbs (in) Proceedings of International Conference AQUA 2012, held during 1 –
5 September 2012 at Prague Czech Republic.
7.5 Kumar K, Damle, D K, Jahan N, Sahoo M, Mohanty U L, Kumar R. 2010. Formulation of
cost effective feeds from locally available animal based ingredients for Channa striatus
fingerlings (in) Golden Jubilee National Seminar on Diversification of Aquaculture through
locally available fish species (DALAF-2010) held on 27-28 August 2010 at CIFE Centre,
Kolkata, India
7.6 Kumar K, Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N, Damle, D K and Sahoo M. 2011. Production of
snakeheads with different stocking densities in pond ecosystem. (in) Proceedings of
International Conference on Aquaculture Asia held during 17-21 January 2011 at Kochi,
India.
7.7 Mohanty U L, Kumar R, Jahan N and Sahoo M. 2011. Effect of medicinal plant crude
extracts on the health of Channa striatus fingerlings (in) Proceedings of National Conference
on 9th
Indian Fisheries Forum held during 19-23 December 2011 by CMFRI at Chennai,
India.
7.8 Kumar K, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Eknath A E. 2011.
Murrel Culture-A panacea for the Farmers (in) Proceedings of National Conference on 13th
Indian Agricultural Scientists and Farmers’ Congress held during 19-20 February 2011 at
Allahabad, India
7.9 Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Kumar K, Sahoo M, Sahu A K, Jena J K and Jayasankar, P. 2012.
Murrel Farming: A New initiative in Odisha (in) Proceedings of International Conference on
Global Symposium on Aquatic resources for eradicating hunger and malnutrition-
opportunities and challenges held during 4-6 December 2012 at Mangalore Fisheries
College, Mangalore, India
7.10 Kumar R. 2012. Possibilities of murrel culture in Northern India (in) Proceedings of
International Conference on 14th
Indian Agricultural Scientist and Farmers’ Congress on
Agriculture and Agripreneurship organized by Bioved research society, held during 18-19
February 2012 at Allahabad, U.P.
7.11 Haniffa M.A. 2012. Problems and Challenges of Indian Aquaculture and Attempts by
CARE- A Review (in) Proceedings of National Conference on Indian Science Congress
Association, Regional Science Congress meet, Coimbatore Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December 2012, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
7.12 Haniffa M A. 2013. Biodiversity and Food security (in) Proceedings of National
Conference on Food security Issues and Concerns, held during 21- 22 February, 2013,
Arulanandar College, Karumathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
8. Technical Bulletin:
8.1 Kumar K, Sahu A K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Jena, J K and Eknath A E.
2010. Farming of Snakeheads. CIFA, Bhuabneswar.
8.2 Kumar K, Sahu B B, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Jahan N, Sahu A K, Jena, J K and
Eknath A E. 2010. Processing and value addition of murrel. CIFA, Bhuabneswar.
9. Manual
9.1 Haniffa M A, Dhanaraj M, Muthu Ramakrishnan C, Arunsingh V and Manikandaraja D.
2009. Veral Meen Valarpu (Tamil) Murrel Fish Culture Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India, p 20
9.2 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Sahu A K 2010. (Odia) (Murrel
Seed Production and Culture) Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar,
India, p20
9.3 Kumar K, Sahu B B, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Jahan N, Sahoo M and Sahu A K 2010. Value
Addition: Flavours from Murrel (bilingual) Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture,
Bhubaneswar. p32
9.4 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M and Sahu A K. 2011. Murrel farming- A manual
for farmers. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar,
India, p13
9.5 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Mohanty A K and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel
Culture and its popularization. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga,
Bhubaneswar, India, p25.
9.6 Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahoo M, Sahu A D and Sahu A K. 2013. Murrel Machha chasa,
prajanana o janla utpadana (Odia) (Breeding, Seed production and culture of murrel). Central
Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India, p25.
10. Seminar/ Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation
10.1 Manikandaraja D. 2011. Morphometris and meristic development of larval and juvenile
snakehead Channa stratus (Bloch 1793). (in) Asian Pacific Aquaculture, held during 17-20
January 2011 at Kochi, Kerala.
10.2 Bilal Ahmed Paray. 2011. Induced breeding and seed production of striped murrel
Channa striatus. (in) Asian Pacific Aquaculture, held during 17-20 January 2011 at Kochi,
Kerala.
10.3 Hameedullah Sherief S, Haniffa M A, Kavitha K and Riyaz Ahmed A. 2012. Molecular
identification of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in striped murrel Channa striatus (in)
National Conference on Biotechnological Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012, held
during 1-3 February 2012 at School of life Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu.
10.4 Kavitha K, Haniffa M A and Sunitha K S. Prophylaxis and treatment of Epizootic
Ulcrerative Syndrome (EUS) in murrels (in) National Conference on Biotechnological
Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012, held during 1-3 February 2012 at School of life
Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
10.5 Manikandaraja D, Haniffa M A and Shanthi P. Length – Weight Relationship and
Condition Factor of Captured and Cultured Snakehead Channa striatus(in) National
Conference on Biotechnological Approaches in Aquaculture, Live Aqua 2012, held during 1-
3 February 2012 at School of life Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
10.6 Bilal Ahmad Paray and Haniffa M.A. Effect of certain feeds on growth and survival
of striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) hatchlings as test starter diets under
captive conditions (in) Indian Science Congress Association, Regional Science Congress
meet, Coimbatore Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December, 2012 at Kongunadu Arts and
Science College.
10.7 Jeya Sheela P, Haniffa M.A and Kavitha K. Medicative Values of Striped Murrel,
Channa striatus (in) Indian Science Congress Association, Regional Science Congress meet,
Coimbatore Chapter, held during 15 & 16th
December, 2012 at Kongunadu Arts and Science
College.
11. CDs/Videos:
11.1 Haniffa M A. 2010. ICAR- NAIP Sub project activities – 2 minute Video Coverage (2009
-2010). Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College
(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.2 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Culture Training Programme - Hyderabad, Chennai and
Coimbatore. Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College
(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.3 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Seed Production at CARE Aquafarm. Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.4 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Seed Production at Vallanadu Fish Farm. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.5 Haniffa M A. 2010. Pelleted Feed Preparation for Large and Small Scale Murrel Culture.
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous),
Tamil Nadu
11.6 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Feeding at Vallanadu Fish Farm. Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.7 Haniffa M A. 2010. Murrel Growout Culture at High Ground Aquafarm – Tirunelveli.
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous),
Tamil Nadu
11.8 Haniffa M A. 2011. ICAR- NAIP Sub project activities – 2 minute Video coverage (2010
- 2011). Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College
(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.9 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Seed Production at Araikulam Fish Farm. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.10 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Parental Care at Araikulam Fish Farm. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.11 Haniffa M A. 2011. Semi Moist Feed Preparation for Murrel Culture. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.12 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Table – Size Fish Production at CARE. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.13 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Growout Culture at Arasan Aquafarm – Araikulam. Centre
for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.14 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Harvest at Araikulam Fish Farm. Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.15 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Harvest at Kaliyavoor Fish Farm. Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.16 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Fillet Preparation. Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.17 Haniffa M A. 2011. Murrel Value Addition (Murrel Briyani, Cutlet, Fingerchips, Pickle).
Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous),
Tamil Nadu
11.18 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Harvest at Araikulam Fish Farm. Centre for Aquaculture
Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.19 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Harvest at Veeralaperunselvi Fish Farm. Centre for
Aquaculture Research and Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil
Nadu
11.20 Haniffa M A. 2012. Murrel Fish Food Expo 2012. Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.21 Haniffa M A. 2013. Murrel Fish Cookies. Centre for Aquaculture Research and Extension
(CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.22 Haniffa M A. 2013. Mass Culture of Live Feed. Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.23 Haniffa M A. 2013. Nellai Fish Food Festival 2013. Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.24 Haniffa M A. 2013. Nanjil Fish Food Festival 2013. Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu
11.25 Sahu B B, Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L, Sahu A K, Sahoo M, Jahan N and Eknath
A E, 2010. Value addition of murrel. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Orissa.
12. Popular article in other Language
12.1 Haniffa M A. 2010. Viru Viru Labam Tharum Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Murrel Fish
Culture for Fast Income). Pasumai vikadan, 10.11.2010, p 4-9
12.2 Haniffa M A. 2011. Villangam Illatha Viral Valarppu (Tamil) (Harmless Murrel Fish
Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 25.09.2011, p 40-41
12.3 Haniffa M A. 2011. Viral Meen Valarppu Payirchi Mugaam (Tamil) (Murrel Fish
Training). Valarum Thamilagam, November 2011, p 34-35.
12.4 Haniffa M A. 2011. Pambuthalai Viralmeen, Meen Valarporukku Oru Varaprasatham
(Tamil) (Snakehead murrel fish culture- a boon to fish farmers). Valarum Thamilagam,
December 2011, p 36-37
12.5 Haniffa M A. 2011. Veeru Nadai Podum Viral Valarpu (Tamil) (Fast Growing Murrel
Culture). Pasumai vikadan, 10.12.2011, p 28-31.
12.6 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2012. Murrel Maccha Chasa O tara
Prasara (Odia) (Murrel farming and its popularization). Meenalok, FISHCOPFED, Govt. of
India, October-December 2012, p3-6.
12.7 Haniffa M A. 2012. Thennaiku Idail Viral (Tamil) (Murrel Culture amidst Coconut
Trees). Pasumai vikadan, 10.02.2012, p 29-31
12.8 Haniffa M A. 2013. Mana Aluthama, Viral Meen Biscuit Sapidunga (Tamil) (Murrel
biscuits a cure for depression). Kungumam, 26.08.2013, p 95-96.
12.9 Kumar K, Kumar R, Mohanty U L and Sahu A K. 2013. Sal seula macchara janla
utpadan (Odia) (Seed production of murrel) Meenalok FISHCOPFED, Govt. of India, January-
March 2013, p 10-13.
13. Folder/Leaflet/Handout:
14. Report:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Note:
Name of CPIs and CCPIs to be given in italics
Journal name to be given in full
Annexure II
Murrel Value Added Products
Responsible Partner: CARE, St.Xavier’s College, Tamil Nadu, Lead Institute
a) Ready To Serve Products:
1. Murrel fry:
Clean Murrel fillet of ½ Kg and cut into small pieces. Prepare a masala paste by mixing
lemon juice (2 tsp), pepper powder (5 g), cumin seed powder (5 g), rice flour (10 g), salt (to
taste), and water. Marinate the fish pieces in the masala paste for an hour and shallow fry in oil
and serve hot.
2. Murrel gravy:
Clean Murrel fillet of ¼ Kg and cut into small pieces. Prepare a masala paste by grinding
red chillies (8 nos), cumin seeds (2 tsp) and small onion (10 Nos) and mix with turmeric powder
(½ tsp), tamarind pulp (1 lemon size), salt (to taste) and sesame oil (2 tbsp). Boil the masala for
10 minutes and add the fish pieces to the gravy. Cook until oil separation and serve hot.
3. Murrel Briyani:
Soak Basmati rice (1 Kg) in water for half an hour. Clean Murrel fillet of 1 Kg, pat dry,
and cut into 1 inch pieces. Smear the fish pieces with spice paste of ginger – garlic paste (4 tsp),
chilli powder (2 tsp) and salt to taste and marinate for half an hour. Deep fry the marinated fishes
and keep aside. In a pressure cooker, add spices and allow to splutter. Sauté chopped onion (1
Kg) in ghee till golden brown colour. Stir fry chopped tomatoes (½ Kg) and reduce to pulp till oil
separation. Then add a cup of curd, chilli powder (2 tsp), garam masala powder (1 tsp), turmeric
powder (1 tsp), lemon juice (1 No.) and salt (to taste) and sprinkle with finely chopped coriander
and mint leaves. Add double the quantity of water as that of rice, allow boiling and pressuring
cook for 10 minutes. Add fried fish and ghee; stir well and serve hot.
4. Murrel Vermicelli:
Fry finely chopped big onions (75 g), green chillies (10 g), coriander leaves (10 g) and
garlic (25 g) in oil. To the above, add 400 ml of water, salt (to taste) and turmeric powder (a
pinch) and allow to boil. Then add fish pieces (200 g), toasted vermicelli (200 g) and cook for
5 minutes and served hot.
5. Murrel Pollichathu:
Sauté finely chopped ginger and garlic (30 g each) in oil; Toss chopped onions (¾ Kg)
and allow to cook. Heat half tablespoon (tbsp) of oil. To this add chilly (¾ tsp) and turmeric
powder (1 tsp) mixed with a little water to form a ball (so that the powders don’t burn while
sautering) and sauté for some time. Add the chopped tomatoes (¼ Kg) and sauté till done.
Remove from fire and keep aside
To make the Packets: Heat the banana leaves gently over fire to make it pliable. Smear
the inside of the leaves with a drop of oil. Put some sautéed mixture in the centre of the leaf.
Place a piece of fish and some mixture to cover the fish pieces. Fold over and make a parcel, and
tie with banana strings or secure it with a toothpick. Heat a thick-bottomed pan. Pour
2 tbsp oil and heat. Arrange the packets and cover the pan with a lid. Put live coal on top and fire
below. (If looking on gas, you can do away with the coal on top). Turn the fish over when one
side of the banana leaf turns pale brown in colour. Cook till the other side also turns pale brown.
Remove from fire and serve hot
6. Murrel Cutlet:
Wash the fish fillets (½ Kg) and smear with chilli powder (½ tsp), turmeric powder
(1/8 tsp) and salt and keep aside for half an hour. Deep fry the marinated fish and keep aside. Pour
oil in a pan, as the oil becomes hot, add finely chopped big onion (No. 1), ginger, garlic and
green chillies and half fry. Stir continuously. Now add fried fish to it and mix well (Do not add
water). Cook till it dry. Now add pepper powder (1 tsp), salt, and garam masala (2 tsp). Fry well.
Add smashed potatoes (½ Kg) and mix well. Turn off the gas and spread some coriander leaves.
Let it cool for some time; then make round balls and make patties. Take a bowl, beat the eggs
and in another plate, take bread crumbs. Dip the balls in the egg mixture and then put bread
crumbs on both sides of the cutlet. Now deep fry the cutlets in oil and serve hot with tomato
ketchup.
7. Murrel Pickle:
Marinate the cleaned fish pieces (½ Kg) with turmeric powder (½ tsp), chilli powder (4
tsp), and salt and keep aside for ½ an hour. Heat the gingly oil, and fry the fish pieces till they
become brown. Remove the fish pieces from oil and keep aside. Saute the chopped ginger (1
tsp), garlic (1 tsp), Fenugreek (½ tsp) and green chilli (4 nos). Remove it from the oil and add
fried fish pieces. Mix chili powder with vinegar and pour the mixture in the pan, add desired
amount of salt, sugar and wait for 5 minutes. Now add fried fish pieces and allow it to boil for 15
minutes. Allow it to cool and fill in clean sterile bottles.
8. Murrel Soup:
Murrels are slimy with mucus all over the body. Kill the fish (2 nos) by hitting on the
head. Cut off the fins and scrap the scales. Cut into somewhat thin round pieces. Wash the pieces
thoroughly by rubbing the sides against some rough surface using salt and water until they are
mucus free. Soak tamarind (100 g) in warm water, extract the juice and set aside. Peel the
mangoes (2 nos) and slice into thin pieces. Apply turmeric powder (1 tsp), red chilly powder (4
tsp), ginger-garlic paste (2 tsp) and two spoons of oil to the fish pieces and marinate for thirty
minutes. Grind the garlic (12 nos), cloves (6 nos), cardamoms (6 nos), one cup of onions,
mustard seeds (2 tsp) and adding three spoons of oil, into a smooth paste. Add oil to a deep
bottomed pan and heat. Splutter remaining mustard seeds. Add remaining onion pieces, green
chillies and the curry leaves and fry. Now add the marinated fish pieces, mango pieces and the
ground paste. Fry for about ten minutes turning the contents up and down taking utmost care to
see that the fish pieces are not broken. Now add the tamarind juice and enough salt. Allow to
simmer until the dish is done. Serve hot with rice varieties.
9. Murrel Curry:
Heat the oil and fry the Fenugreek, mustard and garlic paste. Add the chopped onion and
fry to rich golden brown. Then add green chillies (8 nos), tomato (75 g), tamarind pulp (50 g),
turmeric powder (1 tsp), coriander powder (25 g), chilli powder (25 g), salt, pepper powder (1
tsp), cumin seed powder (1 tsp) to the above and mix well and cook to get gravy. To the gravy
add the fish (¼ Kg) and keep in flame until the fish is cooked. Finally add the powdered jaggery,
stir well and remove from fire and serve hot.
10. Murrel Poori: For stuffing: Mix cleaned and chopped fish fillet (100g) along with the salt, whisked egg
(No. 1), sesame oil (3 ml), chopped spring onions (20 g) and green chillies (2 nos). Divide the
fish mixture into 10 equal portions.
For covering: Shift wheat flour (3 cups) and salt into a medium bowl. Add 1tsp oil and
mix in enough of the water to make soft dough. Knead dough for few minutes on a lightly oiled
surface, with a little oil rubbed into hands to prevent them from sticking, until dough is soft and
pliable. Cover with plastic wrap and let rest it for 10 minutes. Divide dough into 10 pieces; roll
into balls. Dust balls with flour and cover with a damp cloth. Flatten it with hand and add a small
ball of the stuffing inside and close it completely and try to spread it out with hand with moisten
it with oil and fold to seal. Repeat the same process with the remaining fish mixture and balls.
Heat the oil in a pan and deep fry the poori. Remove, drain the excess oil and serve hot.
11. Murrel Finger chips:
Wash the fish fillet (¼ Kg) thoroughly and slice the fillet into long finger like pieces.
Apply salt, pepper powder (2 tsp) and lemon juice (1 no.); keep aside for 1 hour. Beat the eggs
(3 nos). Heat oil in a frying pan and dip the fish piece in egg white and roll it in the bread
crumbs. Deep fry in hot oil and serve hot.
12. Murrel Fish Puttu:
Clean and steam cook the murrel fillet (½ Kg). Chop onion (10 nos), ginger (20 g), garlic
(4 flakes), green chillies (5 nos) finely. Heat oil in a pan and sauté mustard (1 tsp), curry leaves
and all chopped ingredients till golden brown. Now add the cooked fillet, mix evenly and add
salt to taste. The dish is now ready to serve.
13. Murrel Fish Moilee: Slice the big onion (1 no.) nicely and paste the ginger (5 g) nicely. Take the coconut milk
from half Coconut. Chop the Tomato (2 no.) & Green Chillies (12 nos). Mix the Salt with Fish
(½ Kg) and rest it for 15 minutes. Semi Fry the fish in hot oil. Heat the oil; fry the onion, Ginger,
green chillies, curry leaves, tomato, till golden brown. Add the Coconut Milk, Fish, Salt and
cook for 10 minutes. Then add the corn flour (½ tsp) and lemon juice (1 no.) and boil for a while
and serve hot.
14. Murrel Fish Chops: Clean the fillet (¼ Kg) and cut into small pieces. Chop the onion (100 g), ginger (1 inch),
garlic (6 flakes), red chilli (4 nos) finely. Heat oil in a pan and fry the chopped onion, ginger,
garlic, red chilli, coriander (1 tsp), and pepper (2 tsp) until it is done and allow it to cool. Grind
the above ingredients in a mixer. Pour oil in a pan and sauté mustard seeds and curry leaves.
Then add the cleaned fillet pieces, ground mixture and add little water. Allow it to cook in low
flame for 15 minutes. The dish is now ready to serve with rice.
15. Murrel Fish Soup: Clean and break the murrel fish bones (½ kg) into small pieces. Boil it with water (12
soup cups), finely sliced onions (100g), clove (6 nos.), cinnamon (2 pieces), pepper corns (5
nos), and salt (1 tbsp), till the water is reduced to 10 cups. Strain the soup and keep aside. Saute
the onion (200 g) in ghee (2 tbsp) till golden brown in colour in a vessel big enough to hold the
stock. Add the flour and sauté till flour is done. Add coarsely powdered pepper (2 tbsp) & salt.
Pour in the stock & boil for few minutes on low flame. Remove from fire. Heat the ghee / butter
& fry the onions (25 g) till golden brown. Add this to the soup just before serving.
16. Murrel Fish Tandoori:
Clean the fish fillet (1 kg) & cut them into large pieces. Paste the small onion (2 nos),
brinji leaves (1 no.), chinnamon (1 no.), ginger (15 g), garlic (4 flakes), cardamom (3 nos),
cashew nut (1 tsp), red chillies (6 nos) nicely. Mix the salt, red colour powder (1 tsp), lemon
juice (1 no.), curd (1 cup), ground masala & fish together well. Rest it for 2 hours & start frying
in the mud stove (or) baking oven. Add oil simultaneously and cook well as roasted. Serve Hot.
17. Murrel Fish Balls:
Cut big onion (200 g) into small pieces & fry till golden brown. Add chilli powder (30 g),
coriander powder (10 g) & turmeric powder (1 tsp) to the fried onion. Mix minced fish (1 Kg)
with the fried onion and masala mixtures. Add beaten eggs (1 no.), bread powder (30 g) & salt.
Mix homogenously. Prepare into small balls of about 3 cm diameter. Steam for 10-15 min. The
balls can also be fried and served.
18. Murrel Fish Bajji:
Marinate the cleaned fish pieces (½ kg) with maida (200 g), soya four (150 g), chilli
powder (1 tbsp), lemon juice (2 tsp) and salt; keep aside for half an hour. Heat the oil, and fry
the fish pieces till it becomes brown. Remove the fish pieces from oil and serve with tomato
sauce.
19. Murrel Fish Bonda:
Grind the minced fish (½ kg) with salt, maida (100 g), butter (50 g) and spices – pepper
powder (3 tsp), chopped green chilli (4 nos) and coriander leaves (a fistful). Mould it in metallic
or wooden moulds of different shapes. The thickness must not exceed 1cm. Cool the moulded
fish cakes in a freezer till it becomes semi-frozen. Make the batter by mixing the maida with
chilled water in the ration of 1:1. Prepare the breading mixture (150 g) by powdering dried bread.
Dip the semifrozen fish cakes in the batter and spread the bread powder uniformly over it. Fry
the frozen fish bonda in hot oil till it attains a golden yellow colour.
20. Murrel Cookies:
The first patent in Murrel Cookie is an edible food product prepared from Murrel fillet
and it is rich in protein and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Per serving of Murrel cookies contain:
Protein: 0.65 g; Calories: 53; Fat: 3.47g; Carbohydrates: 7.34g) has been filed on 30.04.2013
with the assistance of Metayage IP Strategy Consulting Ltd, Coimbatore.
21. Murrel Millet Mix: Ready to eat products viz: Murrel Wheat Kakhara, Murrel Ragi Kakhara, Murrel Rice
Kakhara, Murrel Pasta and Murrel Idli and Dosa have been prepared due to their richness in
Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids to overcome malnutrition. A combination of Murrel and Millet
together as Murrel Millet Mix is something unique to improve health status. Research
Collaboration has been established with Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore to file patent for murrel millet mix.
22. Murrel Dhall Powder
Murrel Dhall Powder has been prepared using Murrel fish powder and other plant
products. It is a low fat food (Fat: 6.04%) and rich in calcium (800.8 mg/100g) and iron (229.5
mg/100g) with the assistance of Metayage IP Strategy Consulting Ltd, Coimbatore for filing.
This calcium and iron rich food is a health supplement for the malnourished children and old
aged people especially women. The patent application was filed on 25.10.2013.
b) Ready To Cook Products:
23. Murrel Fish Flakes:
Clean and steam cook the murrel fillet (1 Kg). Mix the tapioca flour (800 g), corn flour
(800 g) and soy bean flour (200 g) with required quantity of water and make into a paste. Add
salt, cumin seed powder (20 g) and little asafetida to the above mixture. Add steam boiled fillet
and mix properly. Pour into aluminium trays and spread evenly. Cook for 1 hour in steam and
cut into small pieces. Dry in oven maintained at 55 - 60ºC until moisture is reduced to about
10%. Store in polythene bags or tin containers for longer shelf life.
24. Murrel fish soup powder The murrel fillet of 250g was cleaned and steam cooked for 20 min. in pressure cooker.
To the cooked fillet, the ingredients viz: maida 75g, chopped onion 150g, cumin seed powder
15g, pepper powder 4g, vanaspathi 25g, curry masala powder 5g and trace amount of ascorbic
acid were added. The whole mass was then spread in aluminium trays and dried at 60°C until the
moisture was reduced to about 20%. The dehydrated mass was then powdered and mixed with
30g of skimmed milk powder and packed for marketing. Shelf life is about 6 months at room
temperature and over one year at refrigerated conditions. This product is easy to prepare, light
weight, protein rich and stable without refrigeration.
i. Utilization of Murrel Filleting Wastes:
As mentioned earlier, while filleting, the total yield of fillet is only 40%; however the
other wastes viz: head, viscera (intestine, caudal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, and blood), skin and
bone constitute 23%, 22%, 8% and 7% respectively. All these unwanted organs were utilized
intelligently for the preparation / extraction of various useful products. The head and central
spine were utilized for soup powder preparation. The skin served as an interesting raw material
for gelatin and leather preparations. The viscera and diseased fish were used for manure
preparation to increase the fertility of garden soil.
25. Murrel Fish Gelatin
For the preparation of gelatin, murrel fish skin was cleaned using tap water atleast three
times and drained. Then the fishes were frozen at -20ºC until use. After thawing overnight at
4°C, thawed skins were first cut into small pieces (about 2 to 3 cm) and then washed with
running tap water for 3 times. Skins were further cleaned with 0.8N sodium chloride (NaCl) (1:6
w/v) at 5ºC for 10 min and rinsed with abundant running tap water. Excess water was removed
by draining the cleaned skins and manual squeezing. The cleaned skins were treated with 0.2 N
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (1:6 w/v) at room temperature for 30 min with constant stirring at
120 rpm and again rinsed with tap water (repeated 3 times). Skin were made to swell using 0.05
N acetic acid (1:6 w/v) at room temperature for three hours, rinsed with tap water (repeated 3
times) and then extracted with distilled water at 45ºC for 18 hours. The extracted gelatin
solutions were concentrated by rotary evaporator until moisture level reached less than 15%. The
extracted gelatin can be kept at room temperature for maximum two to three months.
Responsible Partner: CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Partner Institute
1. Ready- to-cook products
(a) Murrel Steaks: Murrel fish is rounded and an average fish of 600 g gives 20 nos of fish
steaks. Murrel steaks go very well for fish fry and curry preparation.
(b) Fingers, Chunks, Nuggets and Fillets: Deboned murrel flesh can be very well converted
into fish fingers, chunks and fillets. Fillets can be breaded and battered. They are shallow fried
and served. Chunks and nuggets are smaller pieces which are breaded, deep fried and served as
fast food.
(c) Minced Meat: Scrapings can be comminuted and made to minced meat. Spices and binders
are used and made into meat balls, cutlets and chops. Then they are deep fried and served as fast
food. Excellent fish fingers can be made from deboned murrel flesh.
2. Ready-to-eat products (d) Murrel Fish Soup: Murrel head and bones are used for hot and sour fish soups. Soups have
excellent flavour and are good appetizers.
(e) Murrel pickle: Murrel pickle was prepared using deboned meat. Two standard recipes for
hot and sweet/hot chilly murrel pickles were prepared. Pickling of murrel fish with vinegar,
mustard oil, green curry stuff, spices and condiments produced fairly acceptable murrel pickle.
The product can be safely stored for three months at ambient temperature without marked
deterioration in sensory quality. Murrel pickle is the highly acceptable and convenient fish
product of indigenous origin.
(f) Curry, Fingers, Fillets, Nuggets and Balls: From murrel processing, different ready to
cook products were developed. Ready to eat products viz., were prepared and evaluated by semi-
trained panelists using a nine point hedonic scale.
Annexure III
Linkages and Collaborations
S. No. Linkages developed
(Name & Address of Organization)
Linkages developed by Lead Consortium: St.Xavier’s College (SXC) within India
1 PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts
College for Men, Nandhanam, Chennai – 600 035
2 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046
3 National Bureau of Fish Genetics Research, Cochin Unit, CMFRI campus, Cochin-
682018 (Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan).
4 Dept. of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvanthapuram – 695
581 (Dr. A. Biju Kumar).
5 Inland Fisheries Division, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
(Dr. D. Seenappa, Chief Scientific Officer - Inland Fisheries).
6 Fisheries Research and Information Centre,
Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Science University, Bangalore – 560 094
7 National Fisheries Developmental Board (NFDB), Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Andhra
Pradesh.
8 Fish Metro Cash & Carry India Pvt. Ltd., Survey No. 133-140, Moosapet Village,
Balanagar Mandal, Ranga Reddi Dist. Hyderabad – 500072 (Mr. Laxhman Yaram).
9 State Fisheries Department, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh.
10 State Fisheries Department, Bangalore, Karnataka.
11 Department of Life Sciences,Manipur University, Manipur -795003 (Dr. W.Vishvanath).
12 Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore - 641 021
(Dr. D. Teepica Priyadarshani).
13 Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK
Campus, Bangalore ( Dr.H.B. Shivaleela).
14 Manian Laboratories, Peelamedu, Coimbatore (Dr. Anusuya).
15 Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Studies, Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University, Tirunelveli (Dr. M. Arunachalam).
16 Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai (Dr. P. Mullainadhan).
17 Division of Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Agricultural Sciences &
Technology of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir (Dr. Masood H. Balkhi).
18 Deaprtment of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Institute of Technology, Chennai
(Dr.Dhasarathan).
19 Department of Zoology, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil (Dr.Jayasuriya)
20 Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai (Dr. Thirunavukkarasu)
21 Aquaculture Foundation of India, Chennai (Dr.Sakthivel).
22 Comunity Action for Social Transformation, Poothathankudieruppu,
Thiruviruthanpuli (PO), Cheranmahadevi, Tirunelveli
23 DHAN Vayalagam (Tank) Foundation, Madurai (Mr.Madhan Mohan)
24 Tirunelveli Social Service Society, Krishnapuram, Tirunelveli
25 Inner Wheel Club, Tirunelveli
Linkages developed by Lead Consortium: St.Xavier’s College (SXC) outside India
1 Dr. Roshada Hashim, School of Bioogical Sciences,
University of Sains Malaysia, Penang – 11800, Malaysia.
2 Dr. Nathar Khan, Ecotone Environmental Management SDN. BHD.
Suite 912, Block A, Kelana Centre Point,
3, Jalan SS7/19, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Dr. Tran Thi Thuy Ha,
Head of the Department, Genetics and Selection, Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1
(RIA. 1), Dinh Bang- Tu Son- Bac Ninh, Vietnam
4 Dr. Samuel Appelbaum,
Head, The Bengis Center for Desert Aquaculture,
Ben-Gurion University of Negev, The Jacob Blaustein Institute of Desert Research,
Sede Bager Campus – 84990, Israel
5 Dr. Abdul Manan Mat Jais, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
6 Dr. M.Aminur Rahman, Research Fellow, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute
of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
7 Dr.C.V.Mohan, Aquatic Animal Health Specialist, Network of Aquaculture Centres in
Asia Pacific (NACA), Department of Fisheries, Kasetsart University Campus, Bangkok,
Thailand
8 Dr.Tan Heok Hui, Lecturer, Fish Taxonomy Unit, National University of Singapore,
Singapore.
9 Dr.K.Marimuthu, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University
10 Dr.Bui Minh Tam, Faculty of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Vietnam
11 Dr.Amrit N.Bart, Associate Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
12 Dr.Jian G.Qin, Senior Lecturer in Aquaculture, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders
University, Australia
13 Dr.Andreas Graber, M.S. Environmental Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applies
Sciences, Institute for Natural resources Sciences, Switzerland
14 Dr.Southa Faiza Brunner Wahab, Hoeschgasse, University of Zurich, Switzerland
15 Dr.Brian Thomson, Deputy Director, Global Communications Unit, IUCN, Switzerland
Linkages developed by Lead Consortium: St.Xavier’s College (SXC) with Fish Vendors
1 Mr.Arumugam, Melapalayam Fish market, Tirunelveli
2 Mr.Sethuhariharan, Tenkasi Fish Market
3 Mr.Allapitchai, Madurai Fish Market
4 Mr. M.A.Hammed & sons, Coimbatore
5 Mr.J.B.Hassain, Chennai Fish Market
6 Mr.Basheer, Shrimpex Aqua House, Ernakulam, Kerala
7 Mr. Nazeer, S.K.fish market, Trishur, Kerala
8 Mr.Anoop, Adoor, Kerala
9 Mr. C.Sonnel Noronha, Thahazhy, Kerala
10 Mr. Ranson, Alapuzha, Kerala
11 Mr.Jefferson, Kanyakumari
12 Mr.Akleemkhan, Bhegam bazaar market
Linkages developed by Partner Institute: CIFA with Women SHGs
1 Narayani Narisakti Mahila Mahamandal (142 members), Aitalanga, Block-Balipatana,
Dist. Khurda
2 Beleswar Mahila Sangathan, Aitalanga, Dist.- Khurda
3 Maa Mangala WSHG, Aitalanga, Block- Balipatana, Dist. Khurda, Odisha
4 Maa Kalika WSHG, Block- Pubasasan, Dist. Khurda, Odisha
5 Maa Gelha Dei WSHG, Block- Pubasasan, Dist. Khurda,Odisha
6 Maa Mangala WSHG, Tota Sahi,Block-Pubasan, Dist. Khurda, Odisha
7 Maa Tarini WSHG, Village-Sorana, Dist-Khurda
8 Sri Bramheswaradev WSHG, Village-Sorana, Dist.- Khurda, Odisha
Linkages developed by Lead Consortium: St.Xavier’s College (SXC) with Women SHG
1 Mahalir SHG, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu
Linkages developed by Partner Institute: CIFA with Men SHG
1 Maa Mahamangla Yubak Atmasahayak Gosthi, Tarapi, Balugaon, Odisha
Linkages developed by Partner Institute: CIFA with NGO
1 Unnayan NGO, Village- Ranghalo, Block- Nimapada, Dist.- Puri
Linkages developed by Partner Institute: CIFA with Government Organizations
1 KVK, CIFA, Khurda, Odisha
2 State Fisheries Department, Odisha
3 State Fisheries Department, Assam
4 NFDB, Hyderabad
5 State Fisheries Colleges from Karnataka, Orissa etc.
Linkages developed by Partner Institute: CIFA with Private Farmers
1 Mr. Amit Mohanty, Village-Birtung, Gop, Dist. -Puri Odisha
2 Mr. Brindavan Swain, Village- Nuagarh, PO. Barkul, Dist.-Khurda, Odisha
3 Mr. Sisirkant Biswal, At/PO- Kurujanga, Konark, Dist.- Puri,
4 Mr. Jalandhar Ghanta
Jamu Sahi, Village: Durga Prasad, Dasapalla, Dist. Nayagarh, Odisha
5 Mr. Braja Bihari Sahoo, Jamu Sahi, Dasapalla, Dist. Nayagarh, Odisha
6 Mr. Trinath Sahu, Jamu Sahi, Dasapalla, Dist. Nayagarh, Odisha
7 Mr. Saiban Kanhar, Village- Tanganadi, Block- Daspalla, Dist. Nayagarh, Odisha
Linkages developed by Lead Consortium: St.Xavier’s College (SXC) with Private Farmers
1 Mr.Kiran, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
2 Mr.Gurpreet Singh, Chhattisgarh, Punjab
3 Mr. Velusamy, 22 Periyasamykulam, Arasiyarpuram, Sankarankoil, Tvl district
4 Mr.Senbaharayappan, 51 Aathichudi street, Kallidaikurichi
5 Mr.Rahman, Akber Street, Melapalayam,Tirunelveli
6 Mr.Johnson, 748, Ramilas Nagar, Papankulam post, Nanguneri, Tirunelveli
7 Mr.Allah Pitchai, 21,Big street, Kadayanallur, Tirunelveli
8 Mr.Rafiq, 3rd
South street, Suthamalli, Tirunelveli
9 Mr.Jafar Saddik, Jawahar street, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli
10 Mr.Ramarajan, 248 Nelkottan seval, Tirunelveli District
11 S.Antonysamy, 2154, Veeramamuniver street, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli
12 Mr. Antony, Sinthamani village, Vasudevanallur, Tirunelveli
13 Mr.Tharmaraj, Kannapatti, Mettur post, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli
14 Mr. Ravindran, Elayankudi, Karaikal, Nagapatinam
15 Mr. Maria joseph, Anthoniyar kovil street, Akkarai vattam, Karaikal, Nagapattinam
16 Mr. Vinoth kumar, Puthagaram colony street, Needamangalam, Tiruvarur District
17 Mr.Jeevanantham, 99A Pasukada villi, Maninagaram, V.K Puram, Ambasamudram
18 Mr.Murugapandi, Veeralaperunselvi, Tirunelveli
19 Mr.Deivamani, Kazhuvathur post, Tiruvarur District
20 Mr. R.Ravi, Sogankudi post, Chengalpattu, Kanchipuram District
21 Mr.Rajasekar, 1/14 Kalayankuppam village, Ikkedu post, Tiruvallur District
22 Mr. Ravi sundaram, 15th
main road, SVS nagar, Valasaravakkam,Chennai-87
23 Mr. Manikkam, 18/72 mariyamman koil street, Ponnamma pettai, Salem
24 Mr.V.Nagarajan, N.R Biofarms, Siruvallai Post, Villupuram
25 Mr.K .Ramesh, Senthil farms , Mugaiyur , Tirukovilur Taluk, Vilupuram
26 Mr.Hari, No.2 Savadi street, Pallavaram, Chennai
27 Mr.Naresh, 124,NH ottakuthar Street, Maraimalainagar, Kanchipuram District
28 Mr.Natrajan, 5th
kovil street, Selarayal, Chennai-51
29 Mr.Rafeeq, 3 Maggamma nagar, Viyasaraja nagar, Srirangam, Trichy
30 Mr.Illaperumal, ¾ Periyar street, Nagathy, Villupuram
31 Mr.Sivakumar, Malaipatti village, Arupukottai Tk, Virudhunagar
32 Mr.Sekar, Cavary patti post, Sangakiri TK, Salem
33 Mr. Thirumavalavan, 11/59 3rd
Main road, Kasthuri nagar, Adayar, Chennai
34 Mr. Venkatesan, 14, Cavureey college road, Annamalai Nagar, Trichy-12
35 Mr. Stephen Sampath, Mathakoil street, Eervadi, Tirunelveli
36 T.Arun Raj,Tamilar street,Keelapavoor(PO), Alangulam(T.K.)-627806.
37 M.Kulandai Velu,8A,Sudalai Madaswamy Kovil street,Vadakkoor,Gopalasamuthiram-
627407,Tirunelveli.
38 P.Senthilvel, 4/436, Keelanatham, Vadakkoor, Keelanatham(Post), Tirunelveli-627353
39 M.Muralidharan, Plot No:16, Zion Town,Near IRT polytechnic ,
Konganthanparai PO,Trivandrum Road, T irunelveli-627007.
40 Mr.John Winslin, 35, Valluvar Nagar Extension, Near J.K.Hospital, Reddiyar patti,
Tirunelveli-7
41 S.Joseph Jeyaraj,5,Bharath Nagar, Chettiapatty Main Road,
Ramachandra Nagar, Edamalaipatty pudur PO
42 Fedrick Nickson, 36, Keela Kodical street, Kulithalai, Karur Dt.
43 S.Mani Mozhian, 28,Subbiah puram, Tuticorin-628003.
44 P.Rajakumar, 1/185, Kamaraj street, Andipatti , Alangulam Tk.
45 Bala Krishnan, 93 G/9, Teachers colony, 2nd
Street, Tuticorin-8
46 K.Bala Murugan, 1/23 Vinayagar koil street, Narasingonur, Vembe (po), Villupuram.
47 D.Rama Krishnan, L 38,TN HB colony, Stage-11, VM Chathram,
48 G.Sudhan, 915K, Brindhavan Nagar,3rd
street, KTC Nagar
49 A.Muthiah, 25/12B3, St.Paul’s Road, Near A.R.Line, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli-2
50 K.Sabari Raj, 11/66, C-1 Kongu Nagar, Vadasandhur, Angalukurichi post
Pollachi-642007
51 S.Kareem, 336/1,First Street, Shanthi Nagar, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli
52 Collector Residence, High Ground , Tirunelveli
Annexure IV
Selected Success Stories
Success Story-I:
One trainee M/S. C. Manickaraj, Agaram
Vallanadu Post, Tuticorin Dt., Tamilnadu was
selected for induced breeding attempts. In total, 12
matured females and 24 male fishes weighing from
650 g to 900 g were selected for hormonal
injection using HCG hormone. The hormone
injected brood fish were introduced into breeding
pits (6 x 4 x 2.5 feet) containing aquatic
macrophytes Eichornia crassipes for hiding
purposes. Ten sets showed positive response and
60,000 eggs were laid approximately (Mean 6,000
eggs/set). At 85% hatching rate 50,000 hatchlings were totally found in the breeding pits. He got
40,000 fingerlings after a period of 45 days at a survival rate of 80 %. He introduced 5,000
fingerlings into a culture pond of 1 acre and remaining 35,000 fingerlings he sold to other fish
farmers. The fishes have attained a mean size of 700g after a culture period of eight months.
Success story II:
The District Collector of Tirunelveli was approached
to excavate an earthen pond as a model in his residence. A
rectangular pond 60 ft x 40 ft x 6 ft was excavated at the
backyard. 400 fingerlings of C. striatus weighing 5.5 ±0.92 g
were introduced into the pond. The fingerlings were fed with
semi-moist formulated feed at 5% of body weight twice a
day. After three months they were exclusively fed on minced
chicken intestine at 10 % of the body weight. During the ten
months culture period water was completely drained only
once after six months and all the murrels were harvested and
length and weight were recorded. No dead fishes were noticed. From this experience, it is
possible to suggest that cannibalism can be avoided when food was supplied ad libidum.
Although initially 400 fingerlings were introduced, more than 200 fingerlings died within a
month due to poor water quality. After the 10 months culture period, 80 table sized fishes
weighing a total of 60 kg and ranging 620-785 g were harvested.
This technology was recommended to housewives to culture murrels in their backyards,
thereby providing valuable animal protein for the household and earning them extra income
through sale of surplus fish. From a minimum area of 600 sq feet one could produce 60-70 table
sized striped murrels (60Kg).
Success story III.
At CARE Aquafarm, 100 fingerlings of C.
striatus weighing 5.4 ±0.79 g were introduced into pond
5 (15m × 5m × 1m). The fingerlings were fed with semi-
moist formulated feed at 5% of body weight twice a day.
After three months, they were exclusively fed on minced
chicken intestine and formulated feed at 10% body
weight. Sampling was done after every three months to
study survival and growth rate. With 76% survival, 76 C.
striatus fishes were harvested after ten month culture period ranging in size from 500 – 585 g (
52 kg ).
Success story IV.
Mr.M.Thaivamani and M.Kottalam of Kaluvathur Post, Mannarkudi Taluk, Tiruvarur
District, Tamilnadu, started murrel culture on 4th
Dec 2009. They started murrel farming in a
model pond (60 feet X 40 feet X 3 feet) and they maintained the pond with lake, river & bore
water. They added 200 Kg cow dung and Lime before stocking. 500 fingerlings of C.striatus
having 30g initial weight & 7.5 cm length were introduced into the pond, and were fed with
semi-moist formulated feed (70% fish meal, 10% wheat flour, 5% rice flour, 5% tapioca flour &
10% soya flour) at 5% body weight twice a day. After three months they were exclusively fed on
minced chicken intestine at 10% of body weight. During the ten month culture period water was
completely drained only once after six months and all the murrels were harvested and length &
weight were recorded. No diseased or dead fishes were noticed.
Although initially 500 fingerlings were introduced, more than 200 murrel fishes were
escaped due to heavy rain. After 10 months culture period, 290 table size fishes weighing a total
of 300 Kg ranging 700-1000g were harvested and sold on the spot at a rate of Rs. 250/Kg.
Success story V
Mr.K.Jeevanantham, V.K.Puram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu
started murrel culture on July 2009. The pond was
stocked with 500 advanced fingerlings of C.striatus
14g initial weight & 4.5 cm length. The fingerlings
were fed with semi-moist formulated feed (70% fish
meal, 10% wheat flour, 5% rice flour, 5% tapioca flour
& 10% Soya flour) at 5% body weight twice a day.
After three months they were exclusively fed on
minced chicken intestine at 5% and minced trash fish
5% of the body weight. Since the pond is a natural one naturally available live trash fishes are
present in large number. During the ten months culture period water was completely drained
only once after six months and all the murrels were harvested and length & weight were
recorded. No diseased or dead fishes were noticed.
Although initially 500 fingerlings were introduced, After 10 months culture period, 200
table size fishes weighing a total of 200 Kg ranging 700-1Kg were harvested and sold on the spot
at Rs.250/Kg.
Success story VI
Mr.Hari, Pallavaram, Chennai started murrel farming
in November 2010. He released 800 murrel fingerlings in an
area of 0.039 Ha. Prior to introduction, the pond was
deweeded. The fingerlings were fed with trash fish at 5%
body weight regularly. During the nine month culture period
50% water was drained every month. Murrels with EUS
symptoms noticed during winter and proper herbal treatment
was given by CARE research team. A total of 80 Kg murrels
was harvested after nine months culture period. A part of
harvested murrels which weigh above 900 g were sold at the farm itself (Rs 280/Kg) and the
remaining fishes were kept in a separate pond for breeding purposes.
Success story VII
One progressive fish farmer Mr.Ravi, Thalembedu village; Kanchipuram District strated
murrel farming in an area of 42.42 Ha. The pond was cleared from weeds and 2000 Kg cow dung
& lime were added before stocking, 12,000 advanced fingerlings of 10 cm length & 12g initial
weight were introduced into the pond during July 2010. Since the pond is a natural one, live trash
fishes are present in large number; they were exclusively fed on trash fish at 5% body weight. In
due course of culture, the fish got EUS during winter session and treated using herbs with the
help of research team of CARE. A total of 4000 Kg murrels harvested. A part of the produce
weighing 900g – 1Kg was sold at a rate of Rs 200/Kg.
Success story VIII
Mr. Naresh, Marimalainagar, Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu started murrel culture in
August 2010. He started murrel farming in an area of 0.32 Ha. He added 2 tons of cow dung &
lime before stocking. 3,000 fingerlings of C.striatus having 2.5 inch length & 8g weight were
introduced into the pond and fed on live tilapia fingerlings which were already stocked before
introduction of murrel fingerlings. After ten months of culture period, 1367 Kg ranging 750g –
1Kg were harvested and sold at a rate of Rs100/Kg.
Success story IX
Mr.Rafeeq, Srirangam, Trichy District Tamilnadu started murrel culture in an area of
0.24 Ha in July 2010. He added 250Kg cow dung & lime before stocking. 300 advanced
fingerlings of C.striatus having 150g weight were fed with boiled chicken intestine & semi moist
formulated feed (fishmeal 70%, Wheat flour 10%, Rice flour 5%, Soy flour 10% & Tapioca 5%)
at 5% body weight. After 9 months, 200Kg of table size fishes were harvested & sold at a rate of
Rs 250/Kg.
Success story X
Mr. V.Nagarajan, Siruvallai, Villupruam District, Tamilnadu started murrel culture in an
area of 1.25Ha in August 2010; pond was prestocked with cow dung & organic fertilizers. After
fertilization, pond was stocked with 4800 advanced fingerlings having average length of 12cm &
weights of 20g were introduced. The fingerlings were fed with minced trash fish & semi moist
formulated feed at 5% body weight twice a day. During the culture period the pond water was
changed every month. After 9 month culture period, about 650 Kg ranging 750g – 1Kg murrel
fishes were harvested and sold at a rate of Rs. 320/Kg.
Success story XI
Mr.B.G.Rajasekar, Kalyanakuppam, Tiruvallur District started murrel culture in an area
of 0.18 Ha in August 2010, the pond was stocked with 5000 advanced fingerlings of C.striatus
having length of 6-8 cm & weight of 10g were introduced into the pond. Before stocking
fingerlings, the culture pond was stocked with Tilapia brooders, after solid 1 month time, the
tilapia fingerlings were produced in the pond. Using this suitable situation, the murrel fingerlings
were introduced. Meanwile the farmer didn’t supply any semi-moist feed for murrel culture.
Moreover he regularly supplied groundnut oil cake, rice bran & boiled rice for tilapia. This kind
of approach was very helpful to maintain a study growth of murrel fish. Initially 5000 fingerlings
introduced, after 9 month culture period about 750g – 1.25Kg murrel fishes were harvested &
sold at a rate of Rs 200/Kg.
Success story XII
Mr.Elumalai, Tirukalukundram, Kanchipuram
District, Tamilnadu started murrel culture in July 2010.
This farmer is a business person and owner of a
provision store. He took five community ponds of an
area of 147.7 ha under lease; they were deweeded &
prepared for murrel culture. Ponds were stocked with
67,000 advanced fingerlings having an average length
of 5 cm & weight of 8g of C.striatus. Fishes were fed
with Carp & Tilapia fingerlings by introducing the
brooders of the above mentioned fish varieties before
Women from SHG releasing murrel
seed in their pond
one month of introduction of murrel fingerlings. After 10 months, 8000 Kg fish ranging from
750g to 1Kg were harvested and sold at a rate of Rs 200/Kg.
Success story XIII
Arasan Aquafarm, Araikulam, Tirunelveli
District was selected and trained for both murrel seed
production and table size fish production by CARE,
St.Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai. This Aquafarm
has enough larviculture facilities and plankton culture
units. Research team of CARE produced 5000 seeds
of C. striatus in June 2011 and were used for
Growout culture. For the first 4 months, fingerlings
were fed with semimoist feed, 5% body weight
suggested by CARE. After 4 months, they were fed with chicken intestine added semi-moist
feed. A total of 45 Kg murrels were harvested after nine months culture period and fishes were
stocked in a separate pond to maintain the brood stock for further breeding attempts.
Success story XIV
One progressive fish farmer Mr. Philip Abraham, Kaliyavoor, Tuticorin District started
murrel culture in January 2011. 300 fingerlings of an average size of 2.5 cm length & 5 g weight
were introduced into the pond. Initially they were fed with semimoist feed with chicken liver. At
that time, he maintained plankton culture in a separate cement tank; he added plankton weekly
twice to the pond to enhance the live feed growth in the pond. After 4 months, fish fed with
finely chopped chicken intestine. After 10 months, 45 Kg of murrels were harvested and sold at
Melapalayam fish market at the price of Rs.260/Kg.
Success stories by CIFA Bhubaneshwar:
Success Story-I:
During the survey a few potential women self help group (WSHG) and individual fish farmers
have been identified for murrel farming. Among them one of the Women Self Help Group
named Narayani Nari Shakti Mahila Mandal , Village-
Aitalanga, P.O. - Aitalanga, Block- Balip[atna, Dist. –
Khurda was selected for murrel farming as they were
very enthusiastic to start murrel farming. The group
comprises of 144 members. The WSHG was doing other
agricultural activities including carp fish farming but they
were unaware of the murrel fish farming. CIFA provided
training on murrel
culture and guided
them for its
farming. They
leased out a community pond of area 300 m2, which was
infested with weeds.
The pond was de-weeded and prepared for murrels culture.
They have been given three days training at CIFA, during
which the biology, feed preparation and feeding, breeding,
rearing of larvae and grow out culture for murrel were
taught both theoretically as well as practically. A training manual was provided in Oriya to make
them understand the technology easily. Pond was stocked with advanced fingerlings (avg. wt
68.5gm) of Channa striatus (150nos.) and C marulius(50nos). Regular visits were made by the
CIFA NAIP team with selected WSHG
members
Murrel seed being released in pond of
the adopted NGO, Unnayan
CIFA NAIP teams to monitor the growth and health status of the fish as well as to boost their
confidence by giving technical support. In due course of culture, once the fish got ulcer disease
during winter. It could be checked with proper treatment with the help of CIFA. Due to harsh
summer the water level of pond reduced to its minimum and hence early harvesting was done.
The total of 60 Kg murrels was harvested in 5 months of culture. The rate of production was
4800 Kg/ha/yr from the community pond. A part of the produce weighing 900- 1000 g was sold
on farm @ Rs 80/Kg. The remaining fishes were kept in a separate pond for development of
brooders.
This production level was very much encouraging for the WSHG and shown their interest
to continue the murrel culture. They took help from CIFA NAIP team for the maintenance of
brood stock. The brood fish were fed with boiled trash fish and poultry offal @ 3-5% of body
weight to maintain a healthy reproductive status. Other managerial practices were also followed
to maintain good water quality. Some emergent aquatic plants were allowed to grow in the
margin of the pond. This provided the natural environment for the murrels. At the onset of
monsoon the brood fishes spawned eight batches of spawn, comprising of 2-3 thousands per
batch were obtained. The spawn were collected and reared separately with proper feeding
regiments. They followed the practice of segregation and separate rearing as advised by the
CIFA. By following this method, they got very high survivability. The total of 15,000 fingerlings
was produced.
Success Story-II:
One progressive NGO named Unnayan, At-Ranghalo, Dist-Puri, was also selected for the
murrel farming. This NGO involved in variety of
agricultural activities, including aquaculture. The
members were given three days training on murrel seed
production, rearing and culture at CIFA. They were
interested to include a new candidate freshwater
species ie. Channa striatus (murrel) to increase their
income. Since they were not familiar with murrel
farming, they had started with a small pond (200m2).
The pond was highly infested with weeds and it was
not in use. They cleared the weeds and did pond
preparation before stocking. CIFA provided them 100
numbers of advanced fingerlings (Avg. wt. 76gm) for
stocking in the pond. Fishes were fed with boiled and
chopped poultry viscera. Technical support was
provided to build confidence in them. After 10 months of culture the production was 47 kg. The
production rate was 2,835Kg/ha/yr. Though production is comparatively less but it was sufficient
to trigger their interest for the murrel farming. Apart from culture, they could able to breed the
fish in natural environment with the help of NAIP team of CIFA. They have collected 2,500
fingerlings and distributed to a few interested farmers.
The idea to adopt WSHG and NGO was to spread the technology by their members in a bigger
way. Their initial achievement with regard to culture of murrel has encouraged them to adopt
murrel farming. After the awareness programme and seeing the success, many rural farmers are
coming to CARE and CIFA for the help for murrel farming. The ponds which cannot be used for
carp may be utilized for murrel culture. So, the murrel farming has added advantage to increase
fish production by utilizing unsuitable and derelict water bodies and thereby improvement of
rural livelihood.
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