FINAL REPORT ON THE ASSISTANCE RELATED TO DELHI WATER ... · delhi jal board (djb) the republic of india final report on the assistance related to delhi water supply improvement project

DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)

THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA

FINAL REPORT

ON

THE ASSISTANCE RELATED

TO

DELHI WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

MARCH 2018

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

T E C I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O . , LT D .

T S S T O K Y O W AT E R C O . , L T D .

The Assistance Related to Delhi Water Supply Improvement Project FINAL REPORT

i

Location Map of Project AreaChandrawal WTP Command Area (Output 1)

SCADA Pilot Project Area (Output 2)Entire Delhi (Output 3)

Delhi

Chandrawal WTP Command Area

SCADA Pilot Project Area

Pitampura

Yamuna

River


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Layout Plan of Chandrawal WTP Command Area

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Chandrawal WTP Phase I


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PICTURES

Common to all Activities

Kickoff Meeting19 June 2013

Mid Term Review Meeting3 August 2016

OUTPUT 1

Field Survey: Connection of water supplypipelines

Field Survey: Condition of removed pipes(20 years of use)

Field Survey: Water supply pipelines in Narainaarea

Field Survey: Trenchless road crossingconstruction observed in Delhi


v

OUTPUT 2

DJB zonal office in PitampuraPitampura UGR & BPS

Pump room

Pitampura UGR & BPSSCADA operation room

Private Roof Tank in the Pilot Project Area

House meters in the Pilot Project Area House meter in the Pilot Project Area

Valve Pit in the Pilot Project Area Valve Pit in the Pilot Project Area


vi

OUTPUT 3

Meeting with CEO of DJB Meeting with JICA India

Meeting with DJB Mapping CellMeetings among DJB, Japanese ODA loan

consultants and JET 12 March 2014


vii

Final Reporton

The Assistance Related to Delhi Water Supply Improvement Project

Location MapsPictures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT ...............................................................................1-1

1.1 Background and Issue............................................................................................................1-1

1.2 “Assistance Project” and Japanese ODA Loan Project..........................................................1-2

1.3 Overall Goal and the Project Purpose....................................................................................1-3

1.4 JET and DJB Counterpart ......................................................................................................1-3

1.5 Equipment..............................................................................................................................1-5

1.6 Joint Coordination Committee (JCC) Meeting ......................................................................1-8

1.7 C/P Training in Japan...........................................................................................................1-12

1.8 Achievement of the Activities Suggested in the Joint Mid-Term Review ...........................1-13

1.9 Achievement of the Project Purposes (Outlie of results of joint terminal evaluation) ........1-17

CHAPTER 2 OUTPUT 1 (DJB’s capacity to manage data and information on watersupply facilities in Chandrawal command area is strengthened)....................................2-1

【1-1】Obtain necessary information for detailed design of Delhi water supply improvement

project. ..................................................................................................................................2-4

【1-2】Carry out survey and GIS mapping of WTPs, UGEs and BPSs, and verification of the data

(location and size, etc.) of pipes in Chandrawal WTP command area................................2-22

CHAPTER 3 OUTPUT 2 (DJB’s capacity to monitor and control the water distributionfor equitable distribution and non-revenue water management is upgraded)...............3-1

【2-1】Review SCADA application in DJB....................................................................................3-7

【2-2】Introduce Japanese experience and system to DJB..............................................................3-8

【2-3】 Implement pilot project for equitable distribution and non-revenue water (NRW)

monitoring by applying SCADA ..........................................................................................3-9

【2-4】Identify issues that need to be addressed for further enhancement of equitable distribution

and NRW monitoring..........................................................................................................3-50

CHAPTER 4 OUTPUT 3 (Draft of scenarios for stage wise development of GIS/RMSapplication in DJB is prepared)..........................................................................................4-1

【3-1】Review existing DJB’s management policy/vision and business plan ................................4-2

【3-2】Clarify the issue to be tackled to achieve the above-mentioned policy /vision and plan.....4-6

【3-3】Review GIS development and RMS in DJB......................................................................4-11

【3-4】Study Japanese experience and system of GIS and RMS..................................................4-18

【3-5】Draft GIS and RMS application scenario in DJB for year 2021........................................4-19


viii

【3-6】Draft GIS and RMS development scenario in DJB for year 2021.....................................4-21

【3-7】Draft the guideline as an action plan for realization of scenarios......................................4-23

CHAPTER 5 ISSUE, INNOVATIVE APPROACH, AND PRECEPT OF THE PROJECTIMPLEMENTATION..........................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Suggestion on Joint Work between JET and DJB..................................................................5-1

5.2 Disclosure of Guideline and Manual .....................................................................................5-1

5.3 Work Schedule Management .................................................................................................5-2

5.4 Construction of Chamber.......................................................................................................5-3

5.5 Hydraulic Isolation of DMA..................................................................................................5-4

5.6 Calculation of NRW Ratio .....................................................................................................5-4

CHAPTER 6 ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT PURPOSE.........................................................6-1

6.1 Annual Maintenance Contract of SCADA ............................................................................6-1

6.2 Trial for Equitable Water Distribution ...................................................................................6-2

6.3 Monitoring of NRW Ratio .....................................................................................................6-2

6.4 Involvement of Training Cell.................................................................................................6-3

6.5 Dissemination Seminar ..........................................................................................................6-3

6.6 Acceleration of DPRs Finalization ........................................................................................6-3

CHAPTER 7 SUGGESTION TO ACHIEVE OVERALL GOAL ...............................................7-1


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Implementation Structure of the Project Implementation ..........................................1-4

Table 1-2 Equipment and Materials Procured by JET ...............................................................1-6

Table 1-3 Equipment and Materials Procured by JICA .............................................................1-6

Table 1-4 Equipment and Materials Procured by DJB...............................................................1-8

Table 1-5 JCC Meeting Dates and Agenda ................................................................................1-8

Table 1-6 Improvement of Chambers.......................................................................................1-13

Table 1-7 Suggested Items at the Joint Terminal Evaluation and Achievement.......................1-17

Table 2-1 Surveyed Length of Pipe Alignment Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-5 and Road

Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-7............................................................................2-19

Table 3-1 Salient Features of DMA ...........................................................................................3-2

Table 3-2 Outline of the SCADA system ...................................................................................3-2

Table 3-3 Planned/Actual Period of Activities in Output 2........................................................3-4

Table 3-4 Situation of SCADA Use in DJB ...............................................................................3-8

Table 3-5 Introduction of Japanese Experience and System about SCADA..............................3-9

Table 3-6 Results of Test Pit Survey ........................................................................................3-13

Table 3-7 Characteristic of Control Valve................................................................................3-15

Table 3-8 Characteristic of Flow Meters..................................................................................3-16

Table 3-9 Procurement Items of JICA Side and DJB Side.......................................................3-22

Table 3-10 Number of Connection as of Dec. 2013.................................................................3-24

Table 3-11 Billed Consumption based on RMS Data as of Dec. 2013 ....................................3-25

Table 3-12 Steps of Tender Process..........................................................................................3-27

Table 3-13 Work Schedule of SCADA Installation by RDS....................................................3-27

Table 3-14 Improvement Works...............................................................................................3-29

Table 3-15 Water Ingress into Chambers .................................................................................3-32

Table 3-16 Countermeasures against Water Ingress to Chambers............................................3-33

Table 3-17 Participants in the Training ....................................................................................3-39

Table 3-18 Baseline of the Average Outlet Water Pressure (kg/cm2) of DMAs.......................3-43

Table 3-19 Baseline of the Avg. Volume/Connection (m3/day) of DMAs................................3-43

Table 3-20 Values of Average Pressures to DMAs after SCADA Operation ...........................3-44

Table 3-21 Average Inflow to DMA with Connection Number in DMA after SCADA

Operation for Equitable Water Distribution............................................................3-44

Table 3-22 Result of the Door to Door Survey ........................................................................3-45

Table 3-23 Billed Water Volume and Number of Connection in 2017.....................................3-47

Table 3-24 Calculated NRW Ratio...........................................................................................3-47

Table 4-1 Method of Preparing for Asset Management Guideline Effectively..........................4-9

Table 4-2 Comparison of DSSDI and NIC Data related to the Layer Configuration and

Input Status .............................................................................................................4-15


x

Table 4-3 Status of Attribute Data by Layer.............................................................................4-16

Table 4-4 Number of Household Records in DSSDI ...............................................................4-17

Table 4-5 Contents of RMS......................................................................................................4-18

Table 6-1 Suggested Items at the Joint Terminal Evaluation and Achievement.........................6-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Original Tasks and Actual/Tasks in Output 1 ...........................................................2-3

Figure 2-2 Methods for Internal/External Investigation on Pipe and Pipe Connection .............2-6

Figure 2-3 Inspection Sheet of Test Pit ......................................................................................2-7

Figure 2-4 Comparison of DMA Boundaries in the MP and This Review ..............................2-10

Figure 2-5 Comparison of UGR Command Area in the MP and in This Review....................2-11

Figure 2-6 Comparison of Transmission Pipelines in MP (Left) and Reviewed Pipelines

(Right).....................................................................................................................2-12

Figure 2-7 Confirmation of the Existing Pipeline Information................................................2-13

Figure 2-8 Summary of Field Meetings and Map Correction Activities..................................2-16

Figure 2-9 Drawing of Result of Pipe Alignment Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-5 ...............2-20

Figure 2-10 Drawing of Result of Road Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-7 .............................2-21

Figure 2-11 Topographical Survey Area of Chandrawal I and II WTPs ..................................2-22

Figure 3-1 DMAs in Pitampura Pilot Project Area ....................................................................3-1

Figure 3-2 Schematic Diagram of Pipe-Network in Pilot Area (Detailed Planning Survey) ...3-10

Figure 3-3 Schematic Diagram of Revised Pipeline Network as of July 2013 ........................3-11

Figure 3-4 Schematic of Pipe Network (Location of 3-planned DMA)...................................3-12

Figure 3-5 Modified Points by Test Pit Survey........................................................................3-14

Figure 3-6 Pipe Jointing Works................................................................................................3-17

Figure 3-7 Sample of Couplings ..............................................................................................3-17

Figure 3-8 Schematic of SCADA System................................................................................3-18

Figure 3-9 Composition of SCADA System............................................................................3-19

Figure 3-10 Measurement Points in the Pilot Area ..................................................................3-20

Figure 3-11 SCADA Graphics Window of Existing UGR.......................................................3-21

Figure 3-12 Local Measurement Stations ................................................................................3-21

Figure 3-13 Pitampura UGR Command Area (Sub-Locality wise) .........................................3-23

Figure 3-14 Work Schedule of SCADA (Original Plan, Revised Plans and Actual Progress).3-26

Figure 3-15 Demonstration chamber........................................................................................3-34

Figure 3-16 Countermeasures to Chambers Constructed by DJB............................................3-37

Figure 3-17 Improvement Works of Constructed Chambers by JET .......................................3-38

Figure 3-18 SCADA Overall Monitoring Screen.....................................................................3-40

Figure 3-19 UGR Monitoring Screen.......................................................................................3-41


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Figure 3-20 Measurement Point Monitoring and Operation ....................................................3-41

Figure 3-21 Example of Measurement Point Report................................................................3-42

Figure 4-1 Household Information and Customer Information ...............................................4-17

Figure 4-2 Drawing Showing only Water Facilities.................................................................4-20

Figure 4-3 Drawing of Simplification and Standardization .....................................................4-21

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Project Design Matrix (PDM ver.1 to 5)

PDM ver.1…………………………………………………………..…………A1-2PDM ver.2…………………………………………………………..…………A1-3PDM ver.3…………………………………………………………..…………A1-4PDM ver.4…………………………………………………………..…………A1-5PDM ver.5…………………………………………………………..…………A1-6

Appendix 2 Project Flowchart (PO ver. 5)

Appendix 3 Work Breakdown Structure as of March 2018

Appendix 4 Dispatch of the Experts (Manning Schedule as of March 2018)

Appendix 5 Counterpart Training in Japan

Appendix 6 Equipment Purchased in the Project and Transferred to DJB (Certificate of

Hand-Over with List)

Appendix 7 Progress Meeting of SCADA Procurement

Appendix 8 Minutes of Meeting on JCC Meeting

Work Plan……………………………………………………………………...A8-21st JCC…….……………………………………………………………….…..A8-62nd JCC…………………………………….………………………………....A8-26Memorandum at Training in Japan…..………………………………………A8-353rd JCC………………………………………………………………………..A8-384th JCC………………………………………………………………………..A8-51MM for Chamber Improvement…….…………………………………..……A8-655th JCC………………………………………………………………………..A8-746th JCC………………………………………………………………………..A8-887th JCC………………………………………………………………………..A8-978th JCC……………………………………………………………………....A8-112

Appendix 9 Summary of 6 Times Seminar and Presentation Materials

1st Seminar……..………………………………………………………..……..A9-12nd Seminar………..……………………………………………………….....A9-313rd Seminar………….………………………………………………………..A9-644th Seminar………………………………………………………………….A9-1005th Seminar…………….………………………………………………..…..A9-1536th Seminar………….…………………………………………………..…..A9-184

Appendix 10 Manual (SOP) and Guideline of Equitable Distribution and Non-Revenue Water

Management by Using SCADA

Manual (SOP)…………………….……………………………………….….A10-2

Guideline……………………………….……………………………..…….A10-66


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Technical Cooperation Products

Report on Pipe Replacement Criteria including Proposed

Drawing of Renewal and New Pipelines............................. Attached to the Progress Report (No.4)

Report on Pipe Alignment and Crossings & GIS Data

Creation including Proposed Drawing................................ Attached to the Progress Report (No. 4)

Report of GIS/RMS Application and Development

Scenario in DJB for Year 2021............................................ Attached to the Progress Report (No.3)

Asset Management Guideline for DJB................................ Attached to the Progress Report (No. 4)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Organization

ADB Asian Development Bank

CPWD Central Public Works Department

DDA Delhi Development Authority

DJB Delhi Jal Board

DEA Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance

JBIC Japan Bank of International Cooperation

JET JICA Expert Team

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

MCD Municipal Corporation of Delhi

LDI Leakage Detection and Investigation Unit

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests

MoF Ministry of Finance

MoUD Ministry of Urban Development

NCTD National Capital Territory of Delhi

NCR National Capital Region

NDMC New Delhi Municipal Council

NIC National Informatics Centre

NGO Non-Government Organization

PDA Planning and Development Authorities

PWD Public Works Department

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organisation

Position

A.E. Assistant Engineer

C.E. Chief Engineer

C.E.O. Chief Executive Officer

C/P Counterpart

CVO Chief Vigilance Officer

EDP Enforcement Department

E.E. Executive Engineer

J.E. Junior Engineer

S.E. Superintending Engineer

Z.E. Zonal Engineer


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Technical

ACP Asbestos Cement Pipe

BOT Build Operate Transfer

BPS Booster Pumping Station

CIP Cast Iron Pipe

DIP Ductile Iron Pipe

DPR Detailed Project Report

DSSDI Delhi State Spatial Data Infrastructure

DMA District Metering Area

DR Drainage

GIP Galvanized Iron Pipe

GIS Geographical Information System

GPS Global Positioning System

gpcd Gallon per capita per day

MGD Million Gallons per Day

MP Master Plan

lpcd Liter per capita per day

JCC Joint Coordination Committee

KNO K-number

NRW Non Revenue Water

ODA Official Development Assistance

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OHT Overhead tank / water tower

OJT On-the-Job Training

PDM Project Design Matrix

PLC Programmable Logic Controller

PO Plan of Operation

PS Pumping Station

RMS Revenue Management System

Rs Rupee

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SDW Sewage Disposal Works

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SOP Standard Operational Procedure

TECI TEC International Co. Ltd.

ToR Terms of Reference

TSS Tokyo Suido Service Co. Ltd.

UGR or UR Underground Reservoir

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

WBS Work Breakdown Structure

WTP Water Treatment Plant


1-1

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT

This report describes the activities of this Project carried out during June 2013 - March 2018 (4 years

and 10 months).

1.1 Background and Issue

The National Capital Territory of Delhi1 has high rate of non-revenue water (hereinafter referred to as

NRW). Water supply system is intermittent; water is supplied for a few hours in the morning and

evening. The current NRW level is estimated to be in between 40 to 50%. Inappropriate operational

management and aging of facilities are the main causes of this issue. Delhi has five major and a few

other smaller water treatment plants catering to a population of 16.7 million. Chandrawal Water

Treatment Plant (WTP) and its transmission and distribution systems are the oldest of them. This plant

was first constructed in 1937 and expanded later in 1950s.

Therefore, the necessity of upgrading the facilities is becoming more demanding. However, the

long-term asset management plan has not been formulated because of inadequate amount of data on

facilities and NRW. Moreover, there has been no proper maintenance management, and the analysis of

NRW and formulation of NRW reduction measures have not been conducted for long time. In addition

to postponement in upgradation, the disparity in water supply duration and pressure among areas is

worsening the water availability situation and NRW. The areas with higher water pressure have serious

water leakage problem. High NRW ratio also results into deteriorated financial situation that hinders

the accumulation of fund for facilities’ upgrade.

Under the situation described above, Delhi Jal Board (hereinafter referred to as “DJB”) is expected

to implement a Japanese ODA lone project based on the city development plan of Delhi Urban

Planning 2021 (Delhi Development Authority 2008). JICA contributed to the formulation of water

master plan (hereinafter referred to as “MP”) through Study on the Delhi Water Supply Improvement

Project.

The goal of the MP is to develop a rational water supply system to cater to increasing demand and to

mitigate the impact of water shortage. The target year of plan is 2021, which is same as the target year

of city development plan of Delhi. Specific goals and objectives of the MP are listed below.

(1) Equitable water supply (through introduction of 3-tier water distribution system and application

of SCADA)

(2) Development of water supply facilities for suburbs of Delhi

1 The National Capital Territory of Delhi consists of North Delhi, South Delhi, East Delhi, New Delhi, and Delhi

Cantonment. Except for the case which requires the individual name of Municipal Council, these are described as Delhi in

this report. In addition, DJB has the responsibility for water supply to North Delhi, South Delhi and East Delhi from WTPs,

and for bulk water supply only to New Delhi and Delhi Cantonment.


1-2

(3) Demand control (through NRW reduction measures, etc.)

(4) Energy efficient system (through rational arrangement of water supply facilities, etc.)

(5) Achieving continuous water supply (through reduction of NRW, updating of customer

information data and linking to GIS system).

In general, these goals are consistent with the objectives of the 12 th Five-Year Plan of Government of

India (2012-2017)2 as listed below.

(1) 24 hours continuous water supply,

(2) Water supply to the entire urban population by 2017,

(3) Realization of equitable water supply, and

(4) Achievement of self-sustaining management of water utilities (Recovery of O & M cost from

collected tariff).

In the MP, all facilities related to water supply from WTP to the customer meters have been proposed

to be improved at the same time for areas covered by each WTP system.

1.2 “Assistance Project” and Japanese ODA Loan Project

According to the MP, with the prospect of reducing NRW and achieving equitable distribution, each

WTP command area is divided into three tiers: WTP to distribution reservoir, distribution reservoir to

District Metered Area (DMA) and inside of DMA. Subsequently, these three tiers are proposed to be

controlled and managed by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.

Following to the MP, the Government of India requested for the Japanese ODA loan project named

Delhi Water Supply Improvement Project in Chandrawal WTP Command Area that was prioritized in

MP. The Japanese ODA loan project aims to improve the water supply service by rehabilitation and

improvement of the facilities under Chandrawal WTP area. There are 5 main WTPs in Delhi among

which the Chandrawal WTP is the oldest. It was first constructed in 1937 and later expanded in

1955/60 and supplies water to the core area of Delhi. Therefore, the necessity of upgrading the

facilities in the command area of this WTP is becoming more demanding. And as a result, Chandrawal

WTP command area has been selected by DJB to initially implement the improvement work with the

Japanese ODA loan.

The Japanese ODA loan project consists of 5 components as listed below.

Component 1: Reconstruction and renovation of treatment plant and installation of SCADA

Component 2: Construction and replacement of transmission and distribution systems in western

zone

2 The 12th Five-Year Plan was abolished in 2017. The plan has not been formulated after 2017.


1-3

Component 3: Construction and replacement of transmission and distribution systems in central zone

Component 4: Construction and replacement of transmission and distribution systems in eastern zone

Component 5: Strengthening of GIS mapping

In relation to the Japanese ODA loan project, this Assistance Project named “The Assistance related to

Delhi Water Supply Improvement Project” (hereinafter referred to the Project) was agreed between

JICA and DJB to maximize the result of the Japanese ODA loan project by building the foundation for

the continuing the Project and strengthening the capacity of DJB.

1.3 Overall Goal and the Project Purpose

The overall goal is: “To achieve the equitable and continuous water distribution in the National Capital

Territory of Delhi, by improving the water supply network including service network to customers,

thereby contributing in upgrading citizen’s living standard”. This overall goal is the same as the goal

of the Japanese ODA loan project, which is set to be achieved in 2023, two years after the completion

of Japanese ODA loan project.

The Project’s purpose is “DJB’s capacity to implement, operate and maintain the Japanese ODA loan

project or “Delhi water supply improvement project” is strengthened”. This will enable smooth

implementation of the water supply services improvement in Delhi, through renovation of existing

water supply facilities and enhanced operation and management. The Japanese ODA loan project also

aims at achieving 24 hours continuous water supply and equitable and stable water supply services. To

achieve the above, activities under the Project were planned and implemented with the following 3

Outputs.

Output 1: DJB’s capacity to manage data and information on water supply facilities in Chandrawal

command area is strengthened.

Output 2: DJB’s capacity to monitor and control the water distribution for equitable distribution and

non-revenue water management is upgraded.

Output 3: Draft of scenarios for stage wise development of GIS/RMS application in DJB is prepared.

1.4 JET and DJB Counterpart

The Project team consisted of members of JICA Expert Team (JET) and DJB as shown in Table 1-1.


1-4

Table 1-1 Implementation Structure of the Project Implementation

Projectposition

DJB/JET

Title Name Period assigned as C/P * Present designation

Projectdirector

Additional ChiefExecutiveOfficer/Director(Finance &Accounts)

Ms. NidhiSrivastava

2017/2 - 2018/3 Same as the title

Mr. NeerajSemwal

2015/8 - 2017/2 Out of DJB now

Mr. Amit Satija 2014/1 - 2015/8 Out of DJB now

Ms. NandiniPaliwal

2013/6 - 2013/12 Out of DJB now

Projectmanager

Chief Engineer(Water) Projects

Mr. Rajesh Mittal 2016/5 - 2018/3 Same as the Title

Mr. R. S. Negi 2014/4 - 2016/5 Member (Drainage)

Mr. J.P. Goel 2013/6 - 2014/3 Out of DJB now

Deputyprojectmanager

SuperintendingEngineer (Project)Water-III

Mr. Ajay Kumar 2016/5 - 2018/3 Same as the Title

Mr. Vikram Singh 2013/6 - 2016/5

Chief Engineer(Drainage)Project-II/SE MappingCell

JETChiefAdviser

ChiefAdvisor/WaterSupply Planning

Mr. KazufumiMomose

2013/6 – 2018/3 TECI

Output 1

SuperintendingEngineer (WW)-I

Mr. M K Hans 2017/7 – 2018/3 Same as the Title

Mr. A KChaudhary

2016 - 2017 Out of DJB Now

Mr. R.K. Bhalla 2013/6 -2015 Out of DJB Now

SuperintendingEngineer (Central)

Mr. MahendraKumar Jain

2015 - 2018/3 Same as the Title

Mr. Ajay Gupta 2013/6 - 2015SuperintendingEngineer (Project)Water-II


Mr. Ajay Kumar 2016/5 - 2018/3SuperintendingEngineer (Project)Water-III



ExecutiveEngineer(Mapping)

Mr. ChanderPrakash

2013/6 - 2018/3 Same as the Title

Deputy ChiefAdviser/Pipe-Network 2

Mr. Minoru Ikei 2013/6 – 2018/3 TECI

Pipe-Network (1) Mr. Phatta Thapa 2013/6 – 2018/3 TECI

GIS Mapping 1 Mr. Sanjay Prasad 2013/6 – 2018/3 TECI

ProjectCoordinator/ GISMapping 2

Mr. KatayamaAlok kumar

2013/6 – 2017/1 TECI

GIS Mappingassistant

Mr. Yuhei Ito 2013/6 – 2017/1 TECI

Output 2

Chief Engineer(West II)

Mr. RameshThakur


Superintending Mr. P K Jain 2016/3 - 2018/3 Same as the Title


1-5

Projectposition

DJB/JET

Title Name Period assigned as C/P * Present designation

Engineer (NorthWest)

Mr. RameshThakur

2013/6 - 2016/3 Chief Engineer (West)


Mr. Ajay Kumar 2016/5 - 2018/3 Same as the Title



ExecutiveEngineer (NW) III

Mukesh Jindal 2016/6 – 2018/3 Same as the Title

V. K. Singh 2013/6 - 2016/5Transferred to otherarea within DJB

ExecutiveEngineer (E&M)W&S N/W

Mr. U. K. Rastogi 2015/8 - 2018/3 Same as the Title

Mr. Yash Prakash 2013/6 - 2015/8Executive Engineer(E&M) W&S-C/N

DMA Mr. Koichiro Azui 2013/6 – 2018/3 TECI

SCADAMr. ManabuFukushima

2013/6 – 2018/3 TSS

NRW AnalysisMr. WataruShimizu

2013/6 – 2018/3 TSS

Leak Detection 1 Mr. Hiroki Horie 2013/6 – 2014/8 -

Leak Detection 2Mr. TetsuoHayashi

2013/6 – 2014/8 -

Civil 1Mr. Eizou Kodera 2016/4 – 2017/3 -

Mr. Saito Noboru 2017/4 – 2018/3 TSS

Civil 2Mr. HiroshiKojima

2016/4 – 2018/3 TSS

Output 3

Director(Revenue)

Ms. NidhiSrivastava


Mr. B. S. Jaglan 2013/6 - 2015/8 Out of DJB now

SuperintendingEngineer(Mapping)



ExecutiveEngineer(Mapping)

Mr. ChanderPrakash


Water supplyManagement

Mr. YoichiYamamoto

2013/6- - 2015/3 -

GIS ApplicationMr. HiroshiIzumoto

2013/6- - 2015/3 -

* From the Project initiation as of June 2013

1.5 Equipment

Equipment and materials shown in the Table 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4, were provided to achieve the Project

purpose.


1-6

(1) Equipment and Materials Procured by JET

Table 1-2 Equipment and Materials Procured by JET

SN Description Nos. Place

1

PC (Desktop)OS: Windows 7 ProfessionalOffice: Microsoft Office 2010 ProfessionalCPU: Core i7HDD: 500GB, Memory 8GB24 inch screen, Keyboard, Mouse, including Anti-VirusSoftware

21 in JET Room and1 in Mapping Cell, DJB

2UPS CS 650, APCfor Desktop PC mentioned above

2 Same as above

3Printer (A3 inkjet)HP-7500, Color

1 JET Room

4PlotterHP Design Jet 510 42inch

1 DJB Mapping Cell

5 GPS/ Trimble Juno 3B 1 JET Room

6 Arc Pad ver10.0 1 JET Room

7 Arc GIS/ Arc View Ver 10.1 1 DJB Mapping Cell

8 Auto CAD 2014 1 JET Room

9Pipe LocatorMXL DLV, Multi Frequency High Precision Pipe andCable Locator

4 JET Room

10Pipe thickness gaugeMX-5 DL Material Thickness Gauge

2 JET Room

Improvement Works of Chambers (for Output 2)

11Demonstration Chamber(Construction of Demonstration Chambers andConfirmation of Recommended Countermeasures)

1Pitampura Sewage PumpingStation

12Improvement Works of Chambers(Improvement of Gaps in Manhole and Opening)

14 Pilot Project Area in Pitampura

(2) Equipment and Materials Procured by JICA

The required equipment for the pilot project in Pitampura was provided as shown in Table below.

Table 1-3 Equipment and Materials Procured by JICA

SN Description Nos. Place(a) SCADA Centre and Wirings

1 SCADA System installed

(i)Server PC (Windows server with peripheral devices)(SCADA Server, Data Collection Server)

2 Control Room, Pitampura UGR& Booster Pumping Station(BPS)

(ii)

Desktop PC (PC, 21 LCD monitor)(Reporting system, Pipe Network Calculation)

2

Desktop PC (PC, 21 LCD monitor and color LBP)CE office and EE office at Pitampura in addition to atPitampura UGR & BPS

3CE office and EE office atPitampura in addition to atPitampura UGR & BPS

(iii) UPS (1hour protection) 3

(iv) SCADA application software 1

Control Room, Pitampura UGR& Booster Pumping Station(BPS)

(v) PLC & I/O (A/I and D/I at UGR) 1

(vi) Upgrading existing PLC & MCCB panel 1

(vii) Data Collection Application Software 1

(viii) Reporting System Application Software 1


1-7

SN Description Nos. Place(ix) Pipe Network Calculation Application Software 1

(x)Router, Ethernet Switch, and other network equipment,etc.

3

(xi) Printer and Power Branch panel 3

2 Instrumentation

(i) Flow meterUse of

Existingone

Under Ground Reservoir(UGR)/Booster Pumping Station(BPS)

(ii) Level meterUse of

Existingone

(iii) Pressure (Semiconductor strain gauge)Use of

Existingone

3 Wiring works(i) Wiring works of SCADA system at UGR 1 UGR

(ii) Wiring works and Kiosks for the SCADA system 14 DMAs and Control Points

(b) Pressure Gauges

(i) Pressure Gauges 21 In chamber

(c) SCADA Components

(i) PLC with peripheral devices 14

(ii) Valve Control circuit, outdoor type 14

(iii) Wireless transmission unit 14

(d) Control Valves with Actuators

(i) Pipe diameter 100mm 1

(ii) 150mm 3

(iii) 200mm 2

(iv) 250mm 2

(v) 300mm 1

(vi) 500mm 2

(vii) 800mm 1

(viii) 900mm 1

(e) Flow meters

(i) Pipe diameter 100mm 1

(ii) 150mm 3

(iii) 200mm 3

(iv) 250mm 2

(v) 300mm 1

(vi) 500mm 2

(vii) 800mm 1

(viii) 900mm 1

(f) Electricity leakage protection system

(i) Water level alarm system 14

(ii) Earth leakage circuit breaker 14Note: SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), RTU(Remote Terminal Unit), F (Flow Meter), M (Motor for Control Valve), Q (Quantity; Water flow quantity), P(Pressure), Existing (using for the Project)


1-8

(3) Equipment and Materials Procured by DJB

Table 1-4 Equipment and Materials Procured by DJB

No. Description Nos. Place

1Office and furniture for JET related to Outputs 1and 3

1 Office near DJB Headquarters Office

2 Office and furniture for JET related to Output 2 1 Office at DJB field office at Pitampura3 Office and furniture in Pitampura PS 1 SCADA control room at Pitampura PS

4Chambers for containing SCADA devices related toOutput 2

14 Chambers construction at 14 locations

5Work for improving water tightness of chambers(inside construction. Waterproofing work) related toOutput 2

14Improvement work of the constructedchambers

JET Office JET office at Pitampura

1.6 Joint Coordination Committee (JCC) Meeting

Items discussed/ agreed are shown in the Table 1-5 while minutes of meetings are attached in

Appendix -8. PDM was revised several times and its change is shown in the Appendix-1. Prior to the

6th JCC meeting, JICA and DJB agreed to take countermeasures against water ingress to the chambers

with extension of the Project period on 10 December 2015.

Table 1-5 JCC Meeting Dates and Agenda

1st JCC 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Items Day30th Aug.

2013

27th Aug.

2014

26th Mar.

2015

24th Sep.

2015

10th Mar.

2016

4th Aug.

2016

29th Aug.

2017

29th Jan.

2018

GENERAL ○

Progress of the Japanese

ODA loan project○ ○ ○

Confirmation of PDM ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Confirmation of PO ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Logistics ○

Output 1 and Output3 ○ ○

Output 2

Extension of the Project

Duration○

Construction of ○ ○


1-9

1st JCC 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Items Day30th Aug.

2013

27th Aug.

2014

26th Mar.

2015

24th Sep.

2015

10th Mar.

2016

4th Aug.

2016

29th Aug.

2017

29th Jan.

2018

Demonstration

Chamber

Improvement Works to

Chambers and SCADA

System (Demarcation of

responsibility)

○ ○

Technology Transfer

(and Sharing knowledge

and technology with the

Indian side)

○ ○ ○ ○

SCADA Operation by

DJB○ ○ ○ ○

Utilization of the pilot

SCADA system after

completion of the

Project

○ ○ ○

Operation and

Maintenance of

Pitampura Training

Centre for SCADA

system

○ ○ ○

Billing Data and NRW

works○ ○ ○ ○ ○

(1) 1st JCC Meeting (30 August 2013)

The JCC approved overall goal, the Project purpose, PDM (ver.1) and 1 st year Plan of Operation (PO).

It further agreed on items of supply, installation and construction works for output 2 by Japanese and

Indian sides (Table 3-9).

1st JCC Meeting

(2) 2nd JCC Meeting (27 August 2014)

After discussion on the progress of the activity in the 1 st year and activity plan in the 2nd year, 2nd year

PO was agreed. Revision of PDM (ver. 2) was also agreed where determination date of the Project

indicator was deferred due to delay in activity of Output 2.


1-10

2nd JCC Meeting (1) 2nd JCC Meeting (2)

(3) 3rd JCC Meeting (26 March 2015)

Acceleration of the Japanese ODA loan project was discussed mainly in this meeting. Trial pits and

pipe cutting works to prepare pipe replacement criteria were noted to be behind the schedule due to

delayed approval of road cuttings. In order to accomplish this on time, number of investigation of

internal/external condition of pipe was reduced.

(4) 4th JCC Meeting (24 September 2015)

After discussion on the progress of the activity in the 2nd year and activity plan in the 3rd year, 3rd

year’s PO was agreed. It was confirmed that the activities of Outputs 1 and 3 were completed in the 2 nd

year.

The activities of first term of 3rd year (June 2015 to December 2015) were presented. Along with this

outcome and activities to be carried out in the second term of 3 rd year (January 2016 to June 2016)

were also described.

The materials and equipment to be procured and installed by JICA (valve and flow meter) were

completed at 13 (out of 14) locations by the end of June 2015. Also, 13 out of 14 chambers were

constructed by DJB. However, after water ingress was observed in some of the constructed chambers

in July 2015 (on rainy days), DJB requested JICA to implement the countermeasures. Revision of

PDM (ver. 3) was also agreed where determination date of the Project indicator was deferred due to

delay in activity of output 2.

(5) 5th JCC Meeting (10 March 2016)

The MM concluded in December 2015 by JICA and DJB on methods and responsible organizations

for countermeasures was confirmed. As a result, the Project period was extended by 1 year and 10

months, ending in March 2018. The meeting also agreed on deferring determination date of the Project

indicator with a revision of PDM (ver. 4).

(6) 6th JCC Meeting (4 August 2016)

The activities and outcomes of 2nd term of 3rd year (January 2016 to June 2016) were presented.


1-11

Activities to be carried out in the 1st half-term of 4th year (July 2016 to December 2016) were also

described and 4th year PO was agreed.

The outcome of mid-term review conducted in August 2016 was reported and agreed. PDM (ver. 5)

was also agreed where the English expressions were modified to be the same as in the original

document.

It was confirmed that the SCADA system would be transferred immediately after it is completely

installed, and DJB would operate and maintain it and utilize it as a training facility for equitable water

distribution and NRW calculation.

6th JCC Meeting

(7) 7th JCC Meeting (29 August 2017)

The activities and outcomes of 4th year were presented. Activities to be carried out in the 5 th year were

also described and 5th year PO was agreed. Countermeasures against ingress of water into some of the

chambers in July 2017 and delay in the installation of SCADA were mainly discussed in this meeting.

Strengthening measures of DJB and JET were discussed to avoid further delay of the Project. In

addition, the contents and agenda of the survey on operation guidance for the Project implemented in

August 2017 are as follows:

・ DJB’s responsibility of operation and maintenance of SCADA system and related facilities

・ Transfer of SCADA system to DJB immediately after completion of SCADA installation.

・ Demarcation of the work by DJB and JICA until handover of SCADA system to DJB by JICA

・ Operation and Maintenance of SCADA system by DJB

・ Inspection of SCADA system including the chambers at least two times every year

・ Utilization of the SCADA system as a Training Facility after the Project

・ Sharing Knowledge and Technology with the Indian Side

(8) 8th JCC Meeting (29 January 2018)

Report of joint terminal evaluation conducted in January 2018 was presented and agreed. The

remaining activities of the Project and activities of DJB beyond the Project period were confirmed.


1-12

Lessons learned from the Project were also shared.

· Responsible person in SCADA operation in DJB

· Responsible section for ingress of water in the chamber during the Project implementation

· Transfer of SCADA system to DJB immediately after completion

· Operation and maintenance system of SCADA by DJB after transfer (outsourcing of operation

and maintenance)

· Time and number of SCADA's inspection including the chamber

· Utilize the SCADA system as a training facility

· Sharing technology within the DJB that prevents flooding in the chamber

1.7 C/P Training in Japan

Schedule and names of 8 DJB persons participated in the training held in Tokyo between 9 and 19

November 2014 is shown in Appendix-5. The themes of the training were 1) NRW reduction, 2)

utilization of GIS/RMS, and 3) equitable water distribution by SCADA system. The training was

assisted by Bureau of Waterworks of Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Hitachi, Ltd. and KUBOTA

Corporation. The training included visits to water supply facilities such as water treatment plant and

pipe laying sites, operation of GIS and SCADA and leak detection activities.

DJB showed interest in the followings;

・ More detailed knowledge on the latest GIS and SCADA technology

・ Operating modality of Tokyo Waterworks Bureau

・ Schemes of using subsidiary companies for efficient management of Tokyo Waterworks Bureau

・ Outsourcing of meter reading

Training in Japan (1): Visiting Misono WTP

12 November 2014Training in Japan (2): Meter reading

12 November 2014


1-13

Training in Japan (3): Leak detection

12 November 2014Training in Japan (4): Closing Discussion

12 November 2014

Training in Japan (5): Introduction of SCADA (1)14 November 2014

Training in Japan (6): Introduction of SCADA (2)14 November 2014

1.8 Achievement of the Activities Suggested in the Joint Mid-Term Review

The joint Mid-Term Review was carried out from 18 th July to 4th August 2016. Achievements of the

activities suggested in the mid-term review report are shown below.

(1) Demarcation of responsibilities of improvement of the chambers

1) Suggestions and their Achievements

Improvement of chambers should be carried out by DJB and JET as shown in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 Improvement of Chambers

Suggestion AchievementImprovement works ofthe valve chambersand the demarcation ofresponsibilities(starting October2016)

Stopping ingress of water into thechambers through the periphery ofmanhole/opening covers located on the topslab of the chambers is the responsibility ofthe JET

JET completed the work in September2017.

Stopping ingress of water into thechambers through the top slab and sidewalls of the chambers is the responsibilityof DJB. JET will provide technicalguidance of the method for improvement toDJB.

DJB completed the work in August 2017with JET’s assistance.

Construction of theremaining one valvechamber (startingOctober 2016)

DJB should construct the remaining onevalve chamber immediately after thecompletion of installation of a flow meterand control valve by RDS.

DJB completed the work in March 2017with JET’s assistance.


1-14

(2) Quality control of chamber construction

1) Suggestion

It was relatively a new experience for DJB to construct chambers suitable for installing electrically

operated valves, and hence certain challenges were faced during the construction of the chambers.

Therefore, it is recommended that the top slab should be constructed post equipment installation as

there will be less opening required. In this way, water seepage to the chamber can be reduced. In

Japanese ODA loan project, learning from the lessons of this technical assistance, Reinforced Cement

Concreate (RCC) chambers with provision of a drain pit should be constructed.

2) Achievement

RCC chambers are designed in the Japanese ODA loan project.

(3) Ensuring sustainable utilization of the pilot SCADA system after the technical assistance

period by applying knowledge and techniques gained through the Project

1) Suggestion

DJB should continuously utilize the pilot SCADA system located in Pitampura as a training facility for

the enhancement of equitable water distribution and NRW monitoring even after completion of the

Project. The Project is designed with the aim of capacity building of DJB staff. It is expected for DJB

to maximize the utilization of the SCADA facility as the training site, where DJB staff from other

areas can visit and receive training from the trained staff about the methods of monitoring and control

of water flow and pressure for equitable water supply to DMAs. Therefore, it is recommended for DJB

C/Ps to start considering about how to disseminate, sustain and accumulate technical knowledge and

skills utilizing the training facility and manual with technical guidance by JET during Activity 2-3 &

2-4. For the remaining period of the Project, it is expected that DJB engineers could attend to the

participatory workshop, which consists of lecture and on-site practice rather than the simple

lecture-style seminar.

2) Achievement

JET together with SCADA supplier (RDS Company) gave the trainings to the engineers of civil and E

& M in the pilot project area twice in 2017. The engineers trained in the above gave an internal

training to DJB engineers in December 2017. The following long-term internal training program was

prepared by the training cell of DJB and approved as a part of annul training program by Addl CEO in

February 2018:

1) SCADA system for the training facility will be utilized.

2) Manual (SOP) and guideline prepared in the Project will be utilized.

3) About 10 engineers will be trained in one training program consisting of lecture and practice.


1-15

4) Trainees include civil engineer, E & M engineer and meter inspectors.

5) Training cell will organize trainings under an annual training program.

(4) Adequate O&M of SCADA facility for ensuring quality control of service delivery

1) Suggestion

DJB should prepare for undertaking of responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the SCADA

system in Pitampura (Pitampura Training Facility for SCADA system), and secure necessary budget

and implementation structure for this purpose. Therefore, it is recommended that DJB will take up

O&M of the SCADA system by engaging a qualified agency after taking over the SCADA system

from JICA.

At the same time, DJB is also responsible for O&M of Chambers. From the technical point of view, it

is expected to conduct inspection at least once a year so that cleaning and dewatering can be done.

Therefore, by the end of the Project period, it is preferable that DJB engineers from Civil and E&M

units get necessary on-site training for the inspection process of chambers from JET since it requires

special process for ceiling of manhole, etc. to ensure water resistance.

2) Achievement

DJB is processing for a contract of SCADA O&M. However, the same has not yet been concluded. Its

progress at the time of writing the report is explained in section 6.1. DJB engineers from Civil and

E&M units got necessary on-site training for the inspection process of chambers from JET and

inspection methods are written in the guideline, Appendix 10.

(5) Consideration of the implementation process of the Project activities to enhance senior

officials’ involvement and sense of ownership towards the Project

1) Suggestion

In order to promote sustainability of the Project’s effects, it is essential to enhance the sense of

ownership towards the Project among senior officials of DJB. It is expected to further promote

information and opinion exchanges between DJB C/Ps and JET for the remaining period of the Project.

Therefore, it may be recommended for DJB C/Ps and JET to discuss and plan in order to increase

involvement of senior officials to the site before starting the pilot project at Pitampura (e.g. through

working together at the Pitampura site, OJT by JET, formulating working group for development of

manual, etc.). Moreover, in order to minimize the effect of personnel changes that frequently occur in

DJB, it is essential for JET to share their technical expertise and follow-up with more than one

engineer from Junior Engineers to Chief Engineers as well as operators through the remaining capacity

building activities.


1-16

2) Achievement

JET could exchange opinions and views with CE、SE、EE、AE of the Project department and Mapping

Cell of DJB, C/P of Outputs 1 and 3.

Counterparts (C/P) other than the Project department involved in Output 2 are;

1) Operation and maintenance (civil): SE, EE, AE and JE in the Pitampura area

2) Operation and maintenance (E&M): SE, EE in the Pitampura area

3) Meter reading and bill collection: Addl CEO, Director (Revenue), Joint Director (Revenue),

Deputy Director (Revenue), Zonal Revenue Officer, Meter Inspector and Meter Readers

The above C/Ps involved in each stage of the Project are as follows.

Stage C/P

1 Planning of DMA Civil

2 Design of SCADA Civil and E & M

3 Supply and installation of SCADA E&M

4 Construction of chamber including improvement works to chamber Civil

5 SCADA operation Civil and E & M

6 NRW Civil, E & M and Revenue

SE (West), a nodal C/P of the output 2 and promoted to CE (West) in the later stage of the Project

contributed to the Project throughout the entire period.

Director (Revenue) also assumes Addl CEO position so that time is limited to exchange opinions

frequently. However, Addl CEOs as well as CEOs were eager to financial improvement of DJB and

understood DMA, SCADA and GIS well.

(6) Utilization of good practices and lessons of the technical assistance the Project to the

Japanese ODA loan project, etc.

1) Suggestion

It is recommended for DJB to continue reflecting good practices and lessons learned from the Project

to the Japanese ODA loan project in order to improve implementation process as well as other project

in an efficient manner (e.g. specifications of the chambers for preventing water ingress and electricity

leakage, the method of supervising civil works, process for obtaining road cutting permits from

different authorities, etc.). It is expected that impacts will be expanded throughout DJB.

2) Achievement

Good practices and lessons learned from the Project (e.g. specifications of chambers were changed to

RC concrete as mentioned in (2)) were transferred to the Japanese ODA loan consultants in August

2015 at the end of Output 1.


1-17

1.9 Achievement of the Project Purposes (Outlie of results of joint terminal

evaluation)

Six (6) measures are suggested at the joint terminal evaluation in January 2018, to be taken by the end

of the Project. For the detail, refer to Chapter 6.

Table 1-7 Suggested Items at the Joint Terminal Evaluation and Achievement

No. Suggested Item Achievement Reference

1 Annual Maintenance of SCADA Not yet achieved.

2 Trial for the equitable water distribution Achieved. Output 2

3 Monitoring of the NRW ratio Achieved Output 2

4 Involvement of the Training Cell Achieved Output 2

5 Dissemination seminar Achieved Output 2

6 Acceleration of DPRs Finalization Not yet achieved.


2-1

CHAPTER 2 OUTPUT 1 (DJB’s capacity to manage data and

information on water supply facilities in Chandrawal

command area is strengthened)

Output 1 was carried out to strengthen DJB’s capacity to manage data and information on water supply

facilities in Chandrawal WTP command area. More specifically, pipe data in the Chandrawal

command area were collected, and the compiled information transferred to the Japanese ODA loan

consultant, which in turn is carrying out detailed design of the Components 2 to 4 (The components of

pipe-network is divided into 3 areas; West, Central and East) of the Japanese ODA loan project.

Output 1 also included collection of information for making decision on pipe replacement, new pipe

alignment, pipe laying method etc. so that the Japanese ODA loan project consultants could decide and

carry out detailed design within a 2-year time frame (during December 2013 to November 2015).

Output 1 was carried out mainly by the following members.

DJB JET

In the original schedule, pipe information of the Central area (Component 3) was scheduled to be

transferred to the Japanese ODA loan consultant in the 1 st year for preparation of detailed design and

bidding documents, because this area is the biggest in terms of total pipe length and required

construction period. Then, in the 2nd year, pipe information of the remaining two (West and East) areas

where pipe length and construction periods were relatively shorter, was scheduled to be transferred.

However, an issue related to approval of the Project by DEA occurred and cooperation and

participation of DJB became weaker in the 1st year. Consequently, the result of survey for Central area

which was due to be completed by April 2014 got delayed, and was completed in December 2014. In

Chander Parkash

E. E. Mapping GIS

Ajay Gupta

S. E. (Central) WW-I Pipe-Network

Phatta Thapa

Pipe-Network (1)

Minoru Ikei

Pipe-Network (2)

Sanjay Prasad

GIS Mapping (1)

Alokkumar Katayama

GIS Mapping (2)

Ravindra Singh Negi

C. E. (Project) Pipe-Network/ GIS

Vikram Singh

S. E. (Project) W-III Pipe-Network/ GIS


2-2

connection with this delay, JET was concerned about the delay of the detail design in the Japanese

ODA loan project. In order to reduce the delay, JET and DJB took these measures: reduction of

number in road cutting and investigation of pipe exterior, and increase of pipe cutting and

investigation of pipe interior (refer to Activity (3) of 1-1-2). DJB’s cooperation was resumed after the

Project was approved by DEA. As a result, the survey result of West area which was due to be finished

in December 2014 was submitted almost on time. The result of East area was submitted as per

schedule in June 2015.

Results of investigation in all 3 areas (Central, West and East) titled "Report on Pipe Replacement

Criteria including Proposed Drawing of Renewal and New Pipelines" and "Report on Pipe Alignment

and Crossings & GIS Data Creation including Proposed Drawing" were submitted to DJB in August

2015, and the Output 1 was accomplished.

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2-4

【1-1】Obtain necessary information for detailed design of Delhi water supply

improvement project.

【1-1-1】Review of data of existing pipeline

(1) GIS MAP and DSSDI MAP

1) GIS MAP

Pipe information was once collected and compiled in GIS format during the MP stage in 2010. This

pipe information was intended to show pipe connectivity and pipe sizes for the master plan target

year 2021. In the GIS map, the pipes are shown along the roads and labelled with pipe sizes and

pipe material. The year of installation of pipe, though approximate, are also shown in the GIS map.

2) DSSDI MAP

DSSDI maps developed by the Delhi government covers more items such as building footprint,

household information, road details, underground facilities including electricity cables, sewerage

networks, gas pipe lines and so on. DSSDI further identified alignment and depths of underground

utilities by use of ground penetrating radar system. Various other organizations under Delhi

government, except the telecommunication department, also participated in preparation of DSSDI

data of their own utilities. DJB’s water and sewerage pipes are available on the DSSDI maps and

DJB has the editorial rights of its information.

3) Comparison of the pipeline information in both maps

Due presumably to lack of manpower in DJB, accuracy of DSSDI information is not so high.

Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy, the Project conducted checking by comparing the two

different kinds of pipe information (MP version of GIS Map and DSSDI Map). Details are described

in Activity 1-1-4.

【1-1-2】Select pipelines to be replaced

According to the MP, approximately 700 km of 1,113 km pipe were selected for replacement. The

proportion of pipe requiring replacement in Chandrawal WTP command area can be much more than

the estimated length. This is because this command area includes higher proportion of older towns in

Delhi, and pipelines have not been replaced on a large scale after the 1950s. DJB is keen to replace the

leakage-prone pipes regardless of the proposed 700 km in MP.

Therefore, in order to select the existing pipes that require replacement, test pit survey and pipe cutting

survey were conducted within 2 years in Chandrawal WTP command area.


2-5

(1) Screening of Pipe Replacement

The selection procedure and activities for pipe replacement conducted in the first year are described

below:

Identification of pipe material and pipe installation year: This activity was conducted through

interviews of DJB site staffs. The following tendencies were identified although the accuracy of

information was not so high;

1) most of the pipes were installed when DDA developed colonies/towns,

2) colonies development year was clear,

3) pipe material (ACP, GIP and CIP, etc.) used at the colony development was also clear,

4) some sections of pipes were replaced by DIP every year to reduce NRW and leakage.

Although DJB’s criteria on pipe replacement were not clear, such sections were relatively known to

DJB’s site staff.

(2) Selection of Location of Test Pit Survey

Pipe internal and external condition investigations were planned to establish the pipe replacement

criteria. About 300 sites of test pits were identified to carry out the pipe condition investigation in the

entire command area. Its purpose was to correlate pipe material, age, etc., with requirement of pipe

replacement. The locations of test pit survey were selected considering the following factors:

1) Doubtful locations were selected based on the Activity 1-1-4,

2) Pipe materials and sizes,

3) Age of pipe,

4) CIPs which are candidate of replacement,

5) DJB engineer's recommendation

6) Routes not along CPWD roads for which obtaining road cutting permission is difficult.

Also, of these test pits, pipe cutting was carried out at 50 locations in order to investigate the internal

and external condition of pipes. Pipe thickness was measured at the same test-pit points and was used

as supplemental data.


2-6

Example of Investigated Pipe Interior Pipe Jointing by Coupling

Figure 2-2 Methods for Internal/External Investigation on Pipe and Pipe Connection

(3) Permission for road cutting and payment of road restoration charges

Test pit survey was carried out after obtaining permission for road cutting from relevant road

authorities through DJB, upon payment of road restoration charges. However, obtaining permission for

test pit digging was delayed due to several reasons3. Judging from this progress, it was realized that it

would take one more year (3rd year) to complete the pit digging at 600 locations as initially planned.

On the other hand, the Japanese ODA loan consultant needed relevant information for preparation of

the DPRs which required information on pipes selected for replacement based on the outcome of test

pit survey. In order to avoid delay in these works, in the 2nd JCC meeting, it was agreed that test pit

survey would be carried out for locations where road cutting permission was obtained by January

2015.

In the 3rd JCC meeting, together with the reduction in number of test pit survey, it was also agreed that

in order to increase the accuracy of the pipe selection for replacement, the number of pipe cutting and

pipe internal surveys for encrustation to increase from 30 locations originally planned. Accordingly,

the pipe cutting was carried out at 50 locations in total.

(4) Test pit survey and pipe investigation after pipe cutting

Test pit at 259 locations were dug and surveyed, and investigation of internal/external pipe after pipe

cuttings was conducted at 50 locations by the end of March 2015. The inspection sheet used by this

investigation is shown in the Figure 2-3.

3 Such as delay in approval of this Project by DEA, occurrence of monsoon, “Diwali” festival, Delhi Stateelection, etc.

Coupling

Cutting planeAging Pipes


2-7

Figure 2-3 Inspection Sheet of Test Pit


2-8

Trial digging and Pipe external investigation (TP170)16th April 2014

Trial digging and Pipe external investigation (TP238)22nd March 2014



Pipe cutting and pipe internal investigation (TP103)3rd July 2014

Pipe cutting and pipe internal investigation (TP247)9th July 2014

Pipe cutting and pipe external investigation (TP227)6th Jan 2015

Pipe cutting and pipe internal investigation (TP26)19th Dec 2014


2-9

(5) Pipe external survey

In this survey, data on pipe thickness, pipe external condition, and pipe laying environment were

measured, observed and recorded. In order to evaluate the degradation level, pipe thicknesses were

compared with the Indian Standards related to CIP/DIP.

The result of this survey clarified that underground-pipe environment in Delhi has lower corrosiveness

of pipe due to soil, and measures against corrosion of pipe has low requirement.

(6) Pipe internal survey

The blockage status (internal encrustation) of pipes was measured during pipe internal survey of cut

pipes. The situation of pipe internal encrustation was estimated based on measurement result of pipe

internal survey. The survey result was compared with diameter reduction based on Hazen-Williams

formula and was found to be matching.

The result of surveys indicates that in case of internally unlined pipe such as CIP used for 30 years, the

Hazen-Williams friction loss coefficient (C value) decreases, and the head of water increases by twice

as compared to new pipe.

(7) Criteria proposed for pipe replacement

The criteria for the pipe replacement were proposed to DJB based on the findings of the pipe condition

survey. Consideration was given to results of pipe internal/external condition survey and use of

Japanese standards which gives more accuracy.

Pipes of 30 years or older are proposed to DJB as standard candidate for replacement. And then

"Report on Pipe Replacement Criteria including Proposed Drawing of Renewal and New Pipelines

"was prepared and submitted to DJB.

【1-1-3】Review of results of “the Study on Improvement of water supply system in

Delhi” to install new pipes

As a result of the field survey, it became clear that the elevation difference in the west area was

remarkable. In order to reduce the water pressure difference and achieve equal water supply,

boundaries of UGR and DMA were reviewed with discussion and adjustment with the Japanese ODA

loan consultants.

(1) Review of DMA

DMAs are proposed in the MP for entire Delhi as a means of managing water distribution and

controlling NRW. And also under the Japanese ODA loan project, introduction of DMA in Chandrawal


2-10

WTP command area is planned. JET confirmed some pockets of highly populated informal settlements

(slum) in the Project area during its site visit. Many of such pockets are located in the hilly areas. Such

locations commonly get water from private supply system or tankers as there is no DJB piped supply.

In addition, ground elevation was considered in detail in this review so that differences of ground

elevations within DMAs were the minimum. As a result, boundaries were changed for some DMAs.

These reviewed DMAs (see the following figure) were transferred to the Japanese ODA loan

consultants for finalization.

Note: Red lines show original boundary in the MP and blue lines show this reviewed boundary

Figure 2-4 Comparison of DMA Boundaries in the MP and This Review

(2) Review of UGR Command Area

UGR command areas were decided in the MP to utilize the existing UGRs to the maximum extent

possible because it was thought that there were no available lands for expansion of UGRs. Moreover,

Chandrawal WTP command area has many spots of high population density. Therefore, there is no

appropriate location for new construction of UGR.


2-11

However, JET found the abandoned Anand Parbat Industrial UGR (area of the orange color in Figure

2-5) and proposed for the reconstruction of the UGR. This proposal was transferred to the Japanese

ODA loan consultant after review and decision with DJB. The consultant carried out the detail design

of reconstruction of this UGR for the Japanese ODA loan project. UGRs and their water supply areas

(UGR command areas) after this review are shown in the following figure.

Note: Left figure shows the command areas in the MP and Right figure shows in this review’ one

Figure 2-5 Comparison of UGR Command Area in the MP and in This Review

Confirmation of abandoned Anand Parbat Industrial UGR

(3) Review of the Transmission Pipeline and Pipe Network Analysis

This review of transmission pipeline was done by pipe network analysis and the result is shown in

Figure 2-6. Since existing transmission pipelines are located on the hill area, the possibility of aligning

the pipelines along the ridge center and abolition of Jandewaran BPS were looked through. By pipe

network analysis, the pipe diameter in the central portion was increased but the total pipe length is

◎ WTP

◎ DJB ◎ DJB

◎ WTP


2-12

shortened compared to the water pipelines proposed during the MP. In particular, there can be

significant reduction in the length and diameter of pipe for the East area. This result shown in the

following figure was handed over and finalized by the Japanese ODA loan consultant.

Figure 2-6 Comparison of Transmission Pipelines in MP (Left) and Reviewed Pipelines (Right)

(4) Road Survey

All roads where distribution pipes are laid were surveyed. Basic policy was that distribution pipes

should be extended to “in front of every household”, from where house connections and individual

meters can be installed in each household without installing a long house connection pipe. This kind of

arrangement can avoid long-distance service pipes and missing individual water meters, thereby

reducing high pipe friction loss, leakage in the form of illegal connections and thereby enhancing

revenue collection. The result is shown in the Activity 1-1-7.

【1-1-4】Obtain data and information on underground utilities by using DSSDI GIS data,

and reconfirm pipeline network data with support of DJB field staff

(1) Existing Pipe Information

In the Activity 1-1-1 described, there are two kinds of GIS information; one is provided by DSSDI and

another is provided by DJB Mapping Cell.

(2) Printing of Existing Pipe Network Drawing

JET was due to receive two kinds of information by digital data, and to confirm the pipe network.

However, due to security reason, digital data were not provided to JET from Mapping Cell and

alternatively the print-out data were provided. For this reason, JET printed the pipe network drawings

superimposing both the DSSDI and Mapping Cell and converted it into digital data again. Number of

the printed drawings was about 300 sheets at a scale of 1:1000 in A1 size.


2-13

(3) Confirmation of the 2 Kinds of Existing Pipeline Information

In order to enhance the accuracy of pipe information and solve large discrepancies between the two

kinds of information, the following steps were taken in the first year:

1) Hard copy maps with pipe network information from the above-mentioned two sources were

first printed from the Mapping Cell.

2) Then, those maps were checked by JET one-by-one and line-by-line for any discrepancies

between the 2 sources of information and also for any unclear item in the pipe network. The

checked items were listed below.

a) Attribute data on pipes especially size, material, year of installation and laying depth

b) The difference of pipe sizes between adjoining sections

c) Existence of pipes in both residential and non-residential area

d) Information on valves and other appurtenances

e) Doubtful information (disconnection, abrupt pipe size changes, missing pipelines, etc.)

3) Subsequently, numerous interviews and site visits were conducted with the site staffs of DJB

who are supposed to know the most accurate data on pipe.

Figure 2-7 Confirmation of the Existing Pipeline Information

GIS map from MP study(Based on DJB’s GIS data)

Chandrawal TreatmentPlant System Pipe Network

Chandrawal CAUnderground Utilities Plan

Match Up(Interviews conducted)

GIS map from DSSDI(Data includes all kind of utilities)


2-14

Checking pipeline networks in printed Maps based onDSSDI data

Site survey along with DJB engineers to confirmpipelines

(4) Handing over of Map by Mapping Cell to Zonal Offices for Correction

The printed maps included sensitive information on water supply pipelines, sewers, electricity cables,

etc. It was decided by Mapping Cell that printed maps would be distributed to zonal office considering

security of data. For the confirmation of question and unknown part in the maps, explanation meeting

was held by Mapping Cell.

(5) Explanation Meeting

On 27 August 2013, an explanation meeting was convened by the Mapping Cell in association with

the JET including all EE of relevant zonal offices to explain them about the procedure of map

correction works in detail. About 2 week period were given from the Mapping Cell to each EE to

complete the correction of maps.

Briefing DJB Engineers (EE, ZE) on Map correction27 August 2013

(6) Identification of Discrepancy between the 2 type of Maps and Confirmation of Pipe

Information by DJB Engineers and Field Staff

Most of EE and ZE relied on the JEs, operators and workers for collection and clarification of

information. However, this had taken a considerable time since many JEs (although some were very


2-15

cooperative) were busy with their on-site works. Long vacation of Diwali also included during this

period. Repeated visits, field survey, and persistent encouragement from JET were required to

complete the verification work. The last clarified information was collected at the end of November

2013 (refer to the following Figure).

The corrected maps by DJB field offices were collected by the Mapping Cell and lent to JET.

Summary of field meetings and map correction activities is shown in Figure 2-8.

Checking pipelines networks in printed maps at DJBfield office

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2-17

【1-1-5】Draft pipe alignment and depth and【1-1-6】Draft pipe laying method (Open-cut

and Trenchless) and crossing method (railways, rivers, drainage and major

roads)

The Chandrawal WTP command area includes many important government buildings, embassies,

official residences of high officials, etc. Therefore, obtaining permission from road administration for

laying pipelines through open cut method is time consuming and even in some cases impossible.

Therefore, trenchless method was proposed in case of pipe laying along/across busy roads in the MP

stage. The optimal laying location for on-site environment and burial depth required to be selected.

At some locations, water distribution mains or pipelines were required to cross the major road,

drainage channel, and railway lines. For pipes crossing these locations, selection of appropriate

method was necessary considering the actual field conditions. The selection of construction method

was planned through the following procedure. In total, 25 nos. of such crossing points were identified.

(1) For revised pipelines network and proposed transmission pipes; the field conditions were

checked and information on type of roads, traffic situation, and obstructions such as drainage

canal or railways lines were collected.

(2) Pipe laying method was proposed.

(3) The locations of 25 crossings were selected based on collected data on pipes.

(4) Data on the pipe crossing construction methods was prepared for discussion of DJB with the

Japanese ODA loan consultant. .

【1-1-7】Carry out topographic survey along pipe-alignment.

Drawing of the pipe laying route has been a basic data for the detailed design and were prepared in the

Project. The road survey items include the following items:

(1) Topography with altitude,

(2) Road type,

(3) Existing facilities, and

(4) Above-mentioned drawing plan and profile

The achievement of survey is shown in the Table 2-1 and Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10.

The total length of pipe alignment surveyed in Activity 1-1-5 is less than the total length of road

surveyed in Activity 1-1-7. As originally planned, location of pipe to be replaced based on the results

of Activity 1-1-5 needed to be selected first, and then road survey for the selected pipes should have

been conducted.


2-18

However, the pipe internal/external survey for the criteria for pipe replacement got delayed due to the

delay in getting permission for road excavation caused by the delay in authorization of the Project

from DEA resulting in DJB staff's passive attitude. Therefore, road survey was conducted for all roads

in the Project area to avoid any remarkable delay of the Project. This resulted in the difference in

length between Activity 1-1-5 and 1-1-7.

Topographical survey for RoadTopographical survey for Road

5 February 2014

Pipeline route survey in slum area9 April 2014

Field Survey to identify suitable location for crossingof railway lines


2-19

Table 2-1 Surveyed Length of Pipe Alignment Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-5 and Road Survey

Regarding Activity 1-1-7

Nos UGR Command AreaPipe alignment survey

regarding [1-1-5]Road survey regarding

[1-1-7]Length (km) Road Network (km)

Transmission Pipe (TM)

1 Central (I) 20.4 -

2 Central (II) 13.3 -

3 West 37.8 -

4 East Not surveyed in order to use existing pipelines

Sub-total 71.5 71.5

Secondary Distribution Main Pipe

C-1 Flag Staff 20.5 -

C-2 Hindu Rao 11.8 -

C-3 MM Jeetgarh 21.78 -

C-4 Jhandewalan 10.3 -

C-5 Idgah 4.2 -

C-6 Ramjas 5.4 -

C-7 Ridge Road 9.9 -

C-8 Cant Palam Phase 1 24.0 -

W-1 Shastri Nagar 24.9 -

W-2 Shadipur 18.7 -

W-3 New Rajendra Nagar 12.3 -

W-4 Naraina 9.5 -

E-1 Subhash Park 2.6 -

E-2 Ramlila Phase-1 14.5 -

E-3 Ramlila Phase -2 11.7 -

Sub-total 202.8 196.6

Distribution Pipe

C-1 Flag Staff 68.5 115.0

C-2 Hindu Rao 16.5 52.0

C-3 MM Jeetgarh 111.2 190.0

C-4 Jhandewalan 65.3 113.0

C-5 Idgah 53.8 58.2

C-6 Ramjas 87.7 57.0

C-7 Ridge Road 47.4 71.0

C-8 Cant. Palam Phase-2 123.5 203.0

W-1 Shastri Nagar 178.5 98.0

W-2 Shadipur 150.0 173.0

W-3 New Rajendra Nagar 24.8 37.0

W-4 Naraina 82.5 233.0

E-1 Subhash Park 7.9 21.4

E-2 Ramlila Phase-1 106.4 140.8

E-3 Ramlila Phase-2 17.1 52.5

Sub-total 1,141.4 1,641.9

Total 1,415.4 1,910.0Notes: C is central area, W is west area, and E is east area.


2-20

Note: Lines of distribution pipe, secondary mains and transmission main are surveyed.Figure 2-9 Drawing of Result of Pipe Alignment Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-5


2-21

Note: All roads are surveyed.

Figure 2-10 Drawing of Result of Road Survey Regarding Activity 1-1-7


2-22

【1-2】Carry out survey and GIS mapping of WTPs, UGEs and BPSs, and verification

of the data (location and size, etc.) of pipes in Chandrawal WTP command area

This Activity is divided into 3 components as described below.

(1) Topographical survey of Chandrawal I and II WTPs and UGR/BPS, and data conversion to GIS

drawings from survey results

(2) Verification of GIS data related to distribution pipelines in Chandrawal WTP command area

(3) Update Pipe information on GIS

(1)Topographical survey of Chandrawal I and II WTPs (approx. 18 ha) and UGR/BPS (approx.

28 ha), and data conversion to GIS drawings from survey results

Topographical survey for Chandrawal I and II WTPs was expanded (see the following figure) to cover

DJB properties situated between the 2 WTPs to have flexibility in planning/designing of the WTPs. In

DJB’s properties are Recycling Plant, employee lodgings and vacant lot, and adjoining existing

facilities of Chandrawal II WTP.

Note: Parts of yellow color are the existing area of Chandrawal I and II WTPs, and inside the frame of light-bluecolor is the surveyed area.

Figure 2-11 Topographical Survey Area of Chandrawal I and II WTPs

Small size of facilities such as reservoirs and BPSs are proposed to be abandoned in the MP. However,

review of DMA revealed that these are vital for water distribution to localized areas with high ground

elevations. Therefore, topographical survey of Anand Parbat Industrial Area UGR and Than Singh

Nagar BPS were added. Then, the Japanese ODA loan consultants carried out water supply planning

and detailed design for them.


2-23

Topographical survey of Chandrawal I and II WTPs and 18 (number) UGR/BPS started in December

2013. All survey maps (CAD data) were converted into GIS data, and the data was transferred to DJB

in February 2014.

Confirmation of area to be surveyed near ChandrawalWTP

Survey in Chandrawal WTP area

Topographical survey in Chandrawal WTP phase II7th February 2014

Pipeline survey in Chandrawal WTP phase II7th February 2014

(2) Conversion to GIS from the Topographical Survey Results of WTP, UGR/BPS

The topographical survey results were converted to GIS data from the drawn CAD data.

(3) Update Pipe information on GIS

JET updated the information on water supply facilities in GIS (DSSDI data) which were identified

under the activity 1-1-4. GIS data updates progressed smoothly until December 2013 with 180 sheets

updated out of 280 sheets. But the updating work was suspended by the order of DJB after DEA

approval issue arose. Moreover, GIS updating work remained suspended for long time due to the

non-availability of space for JICA experts in Mapping Cell and security reason.

In order to recover the delay in activities, the TA office was linked in November 2014 with Mapping

Cell through optical fiber cable, and an Arc GIS server was established for GIS database access. Data

updating from a remote place was ensured by introducing this software.


2-24

An expert who can manage Arc GIS server in DJB was dispatched during March - May 2015 and

operation of the server had started. As a result, all 280 sheets of pipe information were completed by

June 2015. And then, all survey results were converted into the GIS format, and were submitted to

DJB in June 2015.

Confirmation work of topographical survey data7th November 2014

Security door installed in the TA office2nd December 2014


3-1

CHAPTER 3 OUTPUT 2 (DJB’s capacity to monitor and control the

water distribution for equitable distribution and

non-revenue water management is upgraded)

(1) General

By installing the SCADA in a distribution system, it becomes possible for operators to remotely

monitor and control the water supply volume by adjusting control valves thereby reducing manpower

and unifying operation. The pilot project was planned in part of Pitampura UGR command area (see

Figure 3.1) to monitor and control the water flow and pressure at selected DMAs for equitable water

distribution and NRW calculation by using SCADA System. In the pilot project, creation of 3 DMAs

and procurement, installation and operation of SCADA system was carried out. In parallel, techniques

of equitable water distribution and NRW calculation were transferred to DJB.

Part of the Pitampura UGR command area was selected in the detailed planning study conducted by

JICA because of adequate water pressure, clear pipe connection and so on. These DMA get water from

the Pitampura UGR/BPS to where water is supplied from Haiderpur WTP (200MGD: 900,000 m 3/day).

Salient features of the 3-DMAs are shown in Table 3-1.

Figure 3-1 DMAs in Pitampura Pilot Project Area

SCADA Server


3-2

Table 3-1 Salient Features of DMA

Size of DMA(ha)

Number of Connection(No.)

Billed Volume(liter/connection/day)

DetailedDesign Study

PilotProject

DetailedDesign Study

Project as ofDecember 2017

Project as ofDecember 2017

DMA1 3.8 3.8 796 796 392

DMA2 21.5 14.5 2,699 1,997 1,005

DMA3 10.0 10.0 572 572 1,335

Total 35.3 28.3 4,067 3,365 2,732

(2) Outline of the SCADA system

Outline of the SCADA system constructed in this pilot project is shown in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2 Outline of the SCADA system

Item Contents

Objective

・ Monitor water flow and pressure in the 3 DMAs of the Pitampura pilot project area.・ Regulate flow and pressure of DMAs by electric flow valve at the inlet of DMAs that is

controlled remotely by SCADA.・ Transfer of the technology on the above regulation procedure, namely technology of

equitable water distribution and NRW calculation.・ Utilize as a training facility of SCADA operation that will be provided under Japanese ODA

loan project for equitable water distribution

Function

・ Monitoring of Pitampura UGR & BPS (Acquiring and Monitoring the information such asUGR water level, pump operation time, flow/pressure of the water distribution in the existingSCADA of the Pitampura UGR & BPS)

・ Monitoring of measurement point (Monitoring flow/pressure/valve of 14 measurementpoints)

・ Controlling valves of measurement point (Controlling Valve opening with Actuator of 13measurement points)

MajorEquipment

Pitampura UGR& BPS(PitampuraUGR in Figure3-1)

a) Data collection Server (1 set):collect measurement data from PLC of eachlocal station using wireless communication (GPRS communication)

b) SCADA Server (1 set):supervise, control and manage the SCADA clientgraphic screen

c) Reporting system (1 set):generate report for equitable water supply andNRW calculation from SCADA data

d) Pipe network calculation system (1 set):realize real-time pipe networkcalculation

e) SCADA Client (1 set)

Offices ofE&M, and Civilengineers

Display information

Local Station(14 chambers)

a) GPRS communication modem: communicate between SCADA Server &Data collection Server and PLC by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)using packet communication of mobile phone

b) PLC：send information of flow/pressure and Valve to Data collection, and

control the valve open/close by the instruction from SCADA Server.c) Valve Control circuit: manage of supply power to control the valve

Actuator


3-3

Note: Only monitoring purpose.

(3) Schedule

Activities of output 2 were initially planned for 3 years: installation of SCADA system in the 1 st year

followed by SCADA operation in the 2nd and 3rd years. However, they took 4 years and 10 months; 4

years and 6 months for the installation and 4 months for operation due to various reasons such as water

ingress in chambers, and delay in installation of SCADA. Summary of activities in Output 2 is shown

in Table 3-3.

(4) Delay of Procurement and Installation with Change of Work Schedule

Work schedules are presented in Activity 2-3-4.

Installation of SCADA system4 except actuators that are used to open/close electric control valves in

13 chambers5 with construction of the 13 chambers except 1 chamber (at No. 9) were completed in

July 2015, 2 years after the Project commencement.

However, water ingress in the chambers was observed in July 2015 and countermeasures and

extension of the Project duration of 1 year and 10 months were agreed in the 5 th JCC meeting in March

2016. Based on this agreement, a demonstration chamber was constructed in May 2016 to study the

proposed countermeasures and its effectiveness was confirmed in August 2016. Subsequently, DJB

made the countermeasures, water-proof mortar coating in the walls of the chambers in October to

December 2016. The remaining 1 chamber at No. 9 was also constructed in March 2017 by DJB after

installation of valves and flow meters in February 2017 by RDS.

RDS started replacement of actuators that were damaged by water ingress in January 2017 and

completed it in September 2017, far behind the schedule. Afterwards, RDS made correction works and

completed it in December 2017.

4 Installed by RDS and contracted by JICA.5 Construction of chambers including excavation, backfilling, road restoration and so on by DJB

Inside ofchamber(location isreferredto Figure 3-1)

LocationNo.

Control Valveswith Actuators

PressureGauge

Flowmeter

Water levelsensor

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 Note

14


3-4

Table 3-3 Planned/Actual Period of Activities in Output 2

StagePlannedPeriod

ActualPeriod Activity

Planningand

design

June 2013to

Jan. 2014(8 months)

June 2013to

Oct. 2014(13 months)

2-1: Review SCADA application in DJB2-2: Introduce Japanese experience and system to DJB2-3: Implement pilot project for equitable distribution and

non-revenue water (NRW) monitoring by applyingSCADA

2-3-1: Reconfirm the configurations of the existing distributionnetwork within the pilot project area and finalize theimplementation plan of the pilot project

2-3-2: Estimate the level of water demand in each DMA2-3-3: Procure equipment necessary for implementation of the

pilot project2-3-8: Calculate the total volume of water billed to the

customers in the area based on the RMS(1st)2-3-10: Demonstrate leakage detection activities in the area

Procurement,installation

andtest operation

Nov. 2013to

April 2014(6 months)

June 2014to

Dec. 2017(43 months)

2-3-4: (a) Construct a demonstration chamber to check itsperformance

(b) Implement improvement works for water ingress ofthe constructed chambers

(c) Install the equipment and conduct trial runs ofSCADA system

NRWAnalysis,

Operation andMonitoring

withon-the-jobtraining for

DJB

May 2014to

May 2015(24 months)

Dec. 2017to

Mar. 2018(4 months)

2-3-5: Monitor flows and pressures within the pilot project areathrough SCADA system

2-3-6: Monitor inequitable water supply in DMAs and studyhow to control flow/pressure to enhance equitable watersupply

2-3-7: Implement the flow/pressure control and confirm itseffectiveness

2-3-8: Calculate the total volume of water billed to thecustomers in the area based on the RMS (2nd)

2-3-9: Calculate NRW ratio in the area2-3-11: Prepare manual and guideline for flow/pressure control

and NRW monitoring2-3-12: Hold a seminar to disseminate the scope and outcome

of the pilot project across the entire DJB2-4: Identify issues that need to be addressed for further

enhancement of equitable distribution and NRWmonitoring


3-5

(5) Member in charge of Output 2

The main members in charge of Output 2 were as follows.

DJB JET

(1) DMA and Civil

(2) SCADA

(3) NRW

(4) Leak Detection

Ramesh Thakur

C. E. (NW) Overall

Hiroki Horie

Leak Detection (1)

Tetsuo Hayashi

Leak Detection (2)

P. K. Jain

S. E. (NW)

Mukesh Jindal

E. E. (NW) III

Sandeep Sharma

Z.E. (NW) III

V K Singh

E. E. (NW) III

Yogender Singh

J.E. (NW) III

Koichiro Azui

DMA

Noboru Saito

Civil (1)

Hiroshi Kojima

Civil (2)

U.K. Rastogi

E. E. (NW) E&M

Manabu Fukushima

SCADA

Ajay Kumar

S. E. (Project) W-III

Wataru Shimizu

NRW Analysis

Mukesh Jindal

E. E. (NW) III


3-6

(6) Technology transfer

1) Improvement of water tightness of constructed chamber

JET transferred know-how on water resistance improvement work on constructed chambers and

countermeasures after chamber inundation to EE (NW) III, who was responsible for DJB. In

addition, JET made OJT to DJB in December 2017, assuming chamber inspection after the rainy

season. These procedures are reflected in the SCADA guideline in Appendix 10.

Based on these experiences, JET made recommendations to DJB to make the chamber of RC

structure and PC structure and to adopt a highly watertight iron lid etc. Based on this

recommendation, RC chamber was adopted in Japanese ODA loan project.

2) SCADA

EE (E & M) and EE (NW)6 III in charge of the Pitampura district are appointed as DJB staff in

charge of SCADA operation and NRW from the start of the Project. EE (E&M) was responsible for

mechanical and electrical and EE (NW) was responsible for the civil. These appointed officials each

for E & M and civil have engineers (ZE, JE and AE), technicians and many workers under them and,

they can mobilize their staff as needs arise. Those engineers acquired the know-how such as

SCADA operation through SCADA installation work and 8 days of training. JET conducted simple

tests on attendees who attended the training for more than 6 days. JET certified 9 engineers who

passed the exam as trainers and awarded a certificate of completion.

In the future, the DJB trainer trained by the above-mentioned training will transfer technology of

SCADA system to the engineers involved in SCADA system in the water distribution area that will

be installed in the Japanese ODA loan project and other projects. DJB training cells included the

formulated long-term training plan of the SCADA into the training curriculum

3) NRW

EE (NW) III and his team (ZE, AE, JE, plumbers etc.) were also C/Ps of NRW.

JET transferred know-hows on NRW, its components consisting of unbilled authorized consumption,

apparent losses and physical losses referring to IWA guideline. JET also transferred know-hows on

its calculation method and importance of household survey to reduce apparent losses. In response,

DJB conducted such surveys twice in 2015 and 2017. Billed authorized consumption volume in

each DMA was obtained from the RMS data after confirming the number of connections in RMS

data and household survey which was almost equal (Illegal connections were few in the pilot project

area). Inflow to DMA was obtained from the SCADA system.

6EE (NW) III is correct although EE (NW) II was mistakenly mentioned as a responsible engineer to receive technical

transfer in the MM of 7th JCC meeting.


3-7

Seasonal change in water consumption was not clear because of use of private pumps and roof tanks.

So, average volumes of billed authorized consumption and inflow to DMA was used for calculation

of NRW.

a) Billed Authorized Consumption Volume

Billed authorized consumption volume was obtained from RMS data. EE (NW) III compared

the numbers of connections in RMS with those in household survey and confirmed the both are

almost the same. Then the billed authorized consumption volume in RMD data covers almost

the entire DMA.

b) System Input Volume

EE (NW) III calculated System Input Volume using SCADA data.

c) Calculation of NRW

EE (NW) III calculated NRW using Billed Authorized Consumption Volumes and System Input

Volume. In addition, EE (NW) III performed the training to learn know-how of SCADA. EE

(NW) III delivered a lecture of NRW for trainees. JET was able to confirm that they understood

calculation of NRW.

4) Leak Detection

A demonstration to introduce Japanese technology on leakage detection was carried out for DJB

staff in August 25, 2014. Approximately 30 DJB staff attended. The leakage detection equipment

(sound hearing bar, electronic leakage detector, buried pipe detector) was explained in Pitampura

offices and then leakage detection technology using these leakage detection devices was introduced

in DMA 1. Many DJB officials including Addl. CEO tried to locate the buried pipe and check the

leakage noise.

The above technical transfers were a final step of the output 2. Organization and procedures of

operation and maintenance when equipment did not function, water entered into chambers and so on

was also practiced during the Project. These are included in SCADA manual (SOP)/ guideline

(Draft) and stored in the library of DJB for its wide use of DJB.

【2-1】Review SCADA application in DJB

(1) Usage situation of SCADA System in DJB

Table 3-4 shows the status of SCADA currently used by DJB. Most of the existing WTPs are old and

operations such as the opening/closing of valves and start/stop of equipment are manually done. Sonia

Vihar, Nangloi and Bhagirathi WTPs have already introduced the SCADA system. UGR/BPS in

Pitampura has SCADA system that is used for monitoring water level of UGR and operating the

distribution pumps.


3-8

However, the current SCADA system of DJB monitors the WTPs and UGRs independently. It is not a

comprehensive SCADA system that should operate and monitor total flows from WTP, UGR/BPS, to

transmission and distribution pipe networks and water demands in DMAs.

Table 3-4 Situation of SCADA Use in DJB

WTP anddistribution area

WTP UGR/BPS Distribution/DMA Purpose

Sonia Vihar WTP Control and monitoring of WTP

Nangloi WTP anddistribution area

Control and monitoring of UGRsand WTP

Bhagirathi WTP anddistribution area

Control and monitoring of UGRsand WTP

PitampuraUGR/BPS

Control and monitoring of UGR

Pitampura pilotproject

(Distributioncontrol)

Control and monitoring ofDistribution Area

(2) Operation and management status of SCADA of Pitampura UGR/BPS

At the Pitampura UGR/BPS the operator monitors status of distribution pumps/valves, UGR water

level, flow and pressure. He also operates or turns on and off distribution pumps by SCADA system

for a pre-determined few hours every morning and evening in order to supply water at the

pre-determined fixed flow quantity. The following problems can be considered in the Pitampura

UGR/BPS.

1) Much water tends to be supplied to hydraulically advantaged areas like near to UGR/BPS.

2) Water might be inequitably supplied; however, there are no measures to prove this.

3) When water is supplied continuously, the current system of the fixed flow operation of pumps

needs to be shifted to the variable flow operation to cope with change of water demand.

【2-2】Introduce Japanese experience and system to DJB

Japan has one of the best technologies for total control of the entire water supply system. Also, DJB

strongly hopes to introduce in Delhi advanced technologies to monitor and control the entire water

supply system. JET had introduced 24 x 7 operation and equitable distribution by using the Japanese

system. In addition, JET had also introduced the advanced examples of Tokyo Waterworks Bureau and

the technologies of Japanese companies to DJB, concerning the measures against leakage reduction

through pressure optimization by pump operation and energy saving effects.


3-9

Table 3-5 Introduction of Japanese Experience and System about SCADAOpportunity Date Introduction contents

2nd Seminar 6th March 2014Introduction of the Water Supply Operation Center of TokyoWaterworks as “Facility improvement of Tokyo”

C/P(counterpart)

training in Japan

11th November 2014to 18th November 2014

Through Visiting to Water Supply Operation Center, MisonoWTP and Koemon Water Supply Station of Tokyo WaterworksBureau and SCADA operation by demonstration in HitachiOmika Works, DJB have learned necessity of skillful engineersand training them with experience and know-how in eventualjudgment and emergency response, not only the facility outlineand equipment description, necessity of appropriate waterdistribution plan based on accumulated data and efficientmaintenance and maintenance through labor saving,

5th Seminar 29th August 2017

As “Realization of equitable water supply and NRWmanagement in Tokyo (Introduction of SCADA System)”, thesignificance and effect of introducing SCADA, the issues forintroduction were summarized while comparing the differencesbetween the situation of Delhi and Tokyo.

6th Seminar 27th February 2018

AS “Toward the development of the Delhi’s water supply-Current issues and future vision-”, in reviewing activities overthe past five years, for the stable water supply and sustainablewater business within limited water resources, importance ofdistribution management and NRW management using SCADAwere reviewed.

【2-3】 Implement pilot project for equitable distribution and non-revenue water (NRW)

monitoring by applying SCADA

【2-3-1】Reconfirm the configuration of the existing distribution network within the

pilot project area and finalize the implementation plan of the pilot project

Three DMAs that were planned in “Detailed Planning Survey in 2012” as shown in the schematic

diagram below, have been reviewed considering the following key points:

(1) Review of pipe alignment, material and diameter (hearings and DSSDI maps)

(2) Possibility of DMA to be isolated hydraulically

(3) Space of sites for installation of valves and flow meters

(4) Test pits for confirmation of the pipe alignment, pipe material, and pipe diameter


3-10

Figure 3-2 Schematic Diagram of Pipe-Network in Pilot Area (Detailed Planning Survey)

(1) Confirmation of existing pipe alignment, diameter and material

The following steps were taken by JET in cooperation with the DJB engineers for this purpose.

1) Pipe network maps with DSSDI data for Pitampura pilot project area was printed out in DJB

Mapping Cell.

2) Pipe alignment and diameter was confirmed through discussion and site visits with ZE and JE.

JET also conducted test pit survey to confirm the actual site condition such as pipe alignment,

depth and pipe diameter.

3) Confirmed pipe information was reflected into DSSDI data.

Survey of underground utilities was conducted for preparation of DSSDI map by the Delhi

government. The homepage of DSSDI says that the underground utilities comprising water, sewer,

telephones, power lines, etc., have been mapped for the first time using state-of-the-art technology.

The availability of underground utilities in digital form would enable the concerned line departments

to undertake preventive maintenance programs as well as locate the fault in the underground utility

with precision.

The printed maps of Pitampura area using DSSDI data has been reviewed upon discussion with DJB

engineers. The distribution network shown in DSSDI data was observed to be different than the actual

at some locations. One of the major differences is that Pitampura UGR’s main distribution network is

not updated from status when supply was made directly from old UGR. Currently used Pitampura

UGR and related major pipe line were constructed in 2010, and water supply network in DSSDI map


3-11

has not been updated after DSSDI survey carried out in 2009. Moreover, DJB has constructed new

distribution pipe at some places even after the Detailed Planning Survey Stage.

Figure 3-3 Schematic Diagram of Revised Pipeline Network as of July 2013

(2) Possibility of DMA to be isolated hydraulically

One of the purposes of establishing DMA is to monitor the water quantity/pressure within each DMA.

To achieve this, water in a particular DMA should be supplied only from distribution main pipe

feeding that DMA.

The MP prepared by JICA suggested that existing water supply network system need to be modified to

“three tier system”: Transmission Main system (From WTP to UGR), Distribution Main (From UGR

to DMA), and Distribution pipe (From taping from Distribution Main up to house connections).

In this regard, JET upon discussion with DJB confirmed that each DMA prepared by Detailed

Planning Survey can be isolated effectively7. JET also confirmed that no other water resources such as

tube wells existed in defined pilot project area.

(3) Availability of space to install valves and flow meter in Pitampura pilot project area

Large diameter pipes with diameter more than 300mm are required to have sufficient space to install

7 Hydraulic isolation of DMA is confirmed by zero pressure tests: To be confirmed if pressure is zero inside of DMA when

inlet valve is closed. Refer to Activity 2-3-9.

NEWNEW

NEW

NEW


3-12

the equipment. DMA 1 and DMA 3 were confirmed to have enough available spaces for installation of

valves and flow meters.

Area of DMA 2 was shifted because establishment of DMA 2 proposed earlier was difficult due to the

following reasons:

1) Control valves and flow meters need to be installed on the City Park Road, heavy traffic.

2) Some underground utilities such as pipes, drains, cable, etc., were laid on the same side of

the road.

3) The contractor would require sufficient working space which was not available.

The shifted DMA 2 of UP, VP, WP and UP blocks of Pitampura is well isolated from other supply

blocks, in which there is no other water source such as wells, and the water pressure of existing supply

is supposed to be at same level. This shift was approved in the 1 st JCC meeting. The detailed block

map is shown in Figure 3-13.

Figure 3-4 Schematic of Pipe Network (Location of 3-planned DMA)


3-13

Confirmation of Pipe alignment on sitewith DJB junior engineer -1

Confirmation of Pipe alignment on sitewith DJB junior engineer -2-

Interview to customers for getting information of watersupply conditions in Pilot area

(4) Test Pits Survey to confirm the pipe alignment, pipe material and diameter

Test pit survey for the confirmation of the pipe alignment, material and diameter was conducted at all

the potential locations, where flow meters and valves were to be installed. At some of these locations,

actual diameter of pipe was observed to be different from that of provided in the DSSDI data as shown

in Table 3-6 and Figure 3-5

Table 3-6 Results of Test Pit Survey

S. No No.in FigureVariation in Pipe Diameter

(DSSDI data Actual Measured Diameter)

1 No.5 Diameter 600mm 800mm





3-14

Figure 3-5 Modified Points by Test Pit Survey

Confirmation of Pipe diameter and depthby test pit survey

【2-3-2】Procure equipment necessary for implementation of the pilot project

The followings were analyzed for preparation of the pilot project:

(1) Selection of Control and Monitoring Equipment

(2) Conceptual Design of SCADA Systems

(3) Procurement items of JICA side and DJB side

5

10

9

8


3-15

(1) Selection of Control and Monitoring Equipment

1) Selection of Control Valve

Table 3-7 shows variety of valves which are normally used to control water flow in pipes. Control

valves are to be operated by actuator under SCADA, proper adjustment of valve aperture will be

required in case of high water pressure inside pipe. Therefore, butterfly valve is more suitable than

ball valve because it can be operated by using less torque and its mechanism is simple to obtain easy

flow control.

Table 3-7 Characteristic of Control Valve

Butterfly Valve Ball Valve Globe Valve

Diagram

Advantage

Easy flow controlSmall body sizeLess fluid resistanceCompletely closeAvailability in largediameter

Small body sizeLess fluid resistanceCompletely close

Easy flow control

Disadvantage

Beware of mountingdirection

Difficulty in flowcontrolLarge torque is neededfor opening or closingthe valveUnavailable in largediameter

Large torque is neededfor opening or closingthe valve,Unavailable in largediameter

Conclusion Selected

2) Selection of flow meter

Two typical kinds of flow meter are “electromagnetic flow meter” and “ultrasonic flow meter”. The

image of each type is shown in Table 3-8. In case when air gets mixed up with water flow in

pipeline (intermittent water supply will invite air into the pipe), ultrasonic flow meter is unable to

detect the signal of flow velocity and flow data is not measured. Thus electromagnetic type meter

was adopted.


3-16

Table 3-8 Characteristic of Flow Meters

Items Electromagnetic type Ultrasonic type

Diagram

Necessary length of straightpipe

Upstream: 5~10D,Downstream: 3D

Upstream: 10D,Downstream: 5D

Advantages

No pressure lossHigh accuracy (±0.5 to 1.0%)Corrosion resistantAvailable in large diameter

No pressure lossLow costVersatility

DisadvantagesExtra care is needed with respectto mounting direction

Influence of air bubbleNeed verification

Adopted

3) Pipe Connection method for Control Valves and Flow Meters

In order to install the equipment such as control valves and flow meters on the existing pipe line, it

is required to cut and remove existing pipe and then connect again after fixing the control valves

and flow meters. If the new pipe does not connect to existing pipe properly, water will leak out from

joints.

The CPWD specifications (2009) did not explain clearly the method of joining new pipe and

existing old pipe. Therefore, contractors usually adopt welding method in case of MS, push-in

method in case of Pre-stressed Concrete Pipe and CIP. In Push-in method, new MS pipe is pushed

into the existing pipe socket like “socket and spigot joint”. Hemp ropes are filled between the

clearance gap, and then lead in the form of liquid is poured into the socket as shown in Figure 3-6.

In pressure condition, universal coupling or stepped coupling shown in Figure 3-7 can be used for

connection between pipes of different outside diameters. These products are available in India.


3-17

New pipe was pushed into the existing pipe socket.(Client : DJB)

Lead in the form of liquid was poured into a socket.(Client : DJB)

PSC pipe was replaced by MS pipe due to the leakage, but leakage was found at connecting point causedby the mismatch of pipe diameters and poor workmanship

Figure 3-6 Pipe Jointing Works

Universal Coupling Stepped Coupling

Figure 3-7 Sample of Couplings

(2) Conceptual Design of SCADA Systems

1) Plan for installing SCADA to existing distribution pipe network

Introduction of the SCADA system in the pilot area of Pitampura will enable operators to monitor

the flow/pressure in the pipeline network from the Pitampura BPS to each DMA and to confirm the

water distribution status. Thereby, equitable distribution is expected to be realized under

Existing Pipe(CI)

New Pipe (MS)

Existing PipeSocket

PSC Pipe

MS Pipe

PSC Pipe

MS Pipe


3-18

circumstances where water distribution is restricted to only a few hours a day by remotely

controlling the opening of valves. Figure 3-8 shows the outline of SCADA in the pilot project to

realize the equitable water supply.

Figure 3-8 Schematic of SCADA System

Descriptions of the SCADA system planned for the pilot project are as follows.

2) Introduction of SCADA system to Pitampura UGR/BPS

Figure 3-9 shows the configuration of the SCADA system introduced to Pitampura UGR/BPS.

a) Data collection Server：collect measurement data from PLC of each local station using

wireless communication (GPRS communication)

b) SCADA Server：supervise, control and manage the SCADA client graphic screen

c) Reporting system：generate report for equitable water supply and NRW calculation from

SCADA data

d) Pipe network calculation system：realize real-time pipe network calculation

e) SCADA Client：installed in each office of Pitampura UGR/BPS, E&M, and Civil engineers


3-19

Figure 3-9 Composition of SCADA System

3) Monitoring of flow/pressure

Figure 3-10 shows the measurement points installed in the pilot area. The SCADA monitors

flow/pressure in real time at each 14 measurement points as shown in Figure 3-10. The PLC of the

local panel sends the data on flow and pressure of each measured location to the SCADA through

GPRS transmission in real time and the status information is displayed on the screen of the SCADA

client.

Distribution SCADA is the first attempt at DJB, for example, an interface that allows geographical

understanding of flow/pressure at each measurement point was adopted.

4) Control of valves through the SCADA

Actuators are installed on the valves (13 locations except No.13 in Figure 3-10) to enable operators

to control remote operation of each valve. Operation instructions from the SCADA are passed on to

the PLC of outside panel at the site in order to control the valves.

Location of outside panels is selected such that they can receive power supply easily. For these

electricity meter connections and bill payments are to be carried out by DJB. Therefore, close

coordination among the contractor, DJB and the power company is required.


3-20

Figure 3-10 Measurement Points in the Pilot Area

5) Entry of information from the existing SCADA

The existing SCADA of the Pitampura BPS monitors information such as UGR water level, pump

operation time, flow/pressure of the water distribution displayed on the existing SCADA graphics

window as shown in Figure 3-11. This information is required in order to achieve equitable

distribution of water in DMA of pilot area. Existing SCADA information is passed on to the

distribution SCADA.

For this purpose, the existing SCADA needed to be modified. The drawings of existing SCADA

systems was not available, therefore, on the basis of the site visit it was analyzed that branch

connections would be made at the signal cable terminals shown in the PLC panel of existing

SCADA.

Regarding the collection of information from existing SCADA and the installation of the

distribution SCADA at the Pitampura BPS, close coordination was required between the contractor

and DJB during the design and equipment procurement stage.


3-21

Figure 3-11 SCADA Graphics Window of Existing UGR

6) Installation of outside measurement stations and GPRS transmission for the water

distribution pipeline network

Local measurement stations (Figure 3-12) are required to monitor flow/pressure and control valves

for the pipeline network. Distribution SCADA system has never been installed in Delhi. Equipment

was stored in the panel which was further fenced for security reason.

Although DJB was responsible for making the contract with telecommunication company regarding

GPRS transmission, coordination related to communication conditions was required between the

contractor and DJB.

Figure 3-12 Local Measurement Stations

Operation Status of

Pumps and Valves

UGR Water Level

Flow Rate

Water

Pressure

Pump

Operation

Time


3-22

7) Real time distribution network hydraulic calculation

In this pilot project, distribution network hydraulic calculation function that operates in real time

was set up to simulate the change in flow/pressure and direction of water pipe due to operation of

valve. With this real-time distribution network hydraulic calculation function, the situation of the

changes in pipeline such as pressure/flow, flow direction of water at places other than the measured

points at every moment is calculated and displayed on clients and SCADA operation can be

performed while visually confirming the influence of the valve operation.

(3) Procurement items of JICA side and DJB side

In the 1st JCC meeting (Aug 2013), input items from JICA side and DJB side were discussed and

decided for this component. Those items are listed in the table below.

Table 3-9 Procurement Items of JICA Side and DJB Side

No. ItemResponsible Organization

JICA（RDS） DJB

ASCADA center、 Instrumentation at

UGR、 Wiring works in UGR and DMAs

BSupply, installation, and commission ofControl valves

CSupply, installation, and commission ofFlow meters

DSupply, installation, and commission ofPressure gauges

E Civil works （Excavation for installation

of equipment）

（Chamber, backfilling and

road restoration）

FSCADA components for DMAs andcontrol points

GOperation cost (electricity、telecommunication)

HObtaining permission from relevantagencies

Pre-bid Meeting on Supply and Installation ofSCADA, 10 March 2014

Kick-off Meeting of Supply and Installation ofSCADA, 11 June 2014


3-23

【2-3-3】Estimate the level of water demand in each DMA

This activity was conducted in December 2013 to confirm size of DMA area, decide size of equipment

such as control valves and flow meters.

(1) Pitampura Pilot Project Area

Housing blocks in nearby DMAs in the Pitampura area is shown in Figure 3-13. Based on the DSSDI

data, number of household (HH) in 3 DMAs is enumerated.

Source; DSSDI, DJB

Figure 3-13 Pitampura UGR Command Area (Sub-Locality wise)

(2) RMS data in Pitampura Pilot Project Area

1) Number of Connection

Table 3-10 shows 2,449 connections8 in total of 3 DMAs as of December 2013.

8 Numbers increased into more than 3,000 in the household survey in 2015 and 2017, detecting illegal connections.

YP

SP

ZP

WP

YP

VP UP

NU

MU

DMA1

DMA2

DMA3

City Center Mall

KPJP

HP

GP

JJ Cluster

RP

QPPP

NP

MP

LP


3-24

Table 3-10 Number of Connection as of Dec. 2013

Block NameNumber of Connection Based on RMS Data

(Households and bulk supply)

MU （DMA 1） 426

NU （DMA 1） 302

Total of DMA 1 728

UP （DMA 2） 179

VP （DMA 2） 108

WP （DMA 2） 703

YP （DMA 2） 185

Total of DMA 2 1,175

SP （DMA 3） 132

TP （DMA 3） 267

ZP （DMA 3） 147

Total of DMA 3 546

Grand Total 2,449

2) Billed Water Volume

DJB calculates the water charges based on the actual consumption of water based on meter reading

data. Meter readers have their defined territory (indicated by Area Code and Meter Reader Code).

Meter readers visit households in their area for reading the meters and they check customer code

and read the existing value of water meter. If any meter reader is unable to check the meter because

of being installed inside house and customer not present at house when meter reader visited, meter

reading is conducted in next cycle of reading. In the case that the meter is not installed or installed

but it is broken down, 0.73 m3/day (5 people x 145 lpcd) is billed as the estimated water

consumption.

Table 3-11 shows the billed consumption data in 2013. DJB charged for approximately 410m 3/day

of water in DMA 1, approximately 690 m3/day of water in DMA 2, and for approximately 260

m3/day of water in DMA 3 as revenue water.

For estimating the actual consumption, it is considered that;

DJB carries out water meter reading (Bill round) four times a year. Billing data in RMS is

put on the bill round in which customer pay their bill. For example, if DJB charges a bill

based on “Bill round 1” and customer pays this bill together with “Bill round 2 and 3”

during Bill round 3, the billing data is registered in “Bill round 3”. For this reason, even if

the customer is using water, if the customer is unpaid, it is not accounted for as the amount

of water (amount of water used) that can be charged.

Billing data includes the provisional consumption. For example, if water meter is broken or

not working properly, DJB charges 0.73m3/day (5 people x 145lpcd) as provisional

consumption.


3-25

Table 3-11 Billed Consumption based on RMS Data as of Dec. 2013

BlockName

Billed Consumption (m3) Daily AverageBilled

Consumption(m3/day)

2013-01(Read in

Apr)

2013-02(Read in

July)

2013-03(Read inOctober)

Total

MU （DMA 1） 24,464 21,984 15,190 61,638

NU （DMA 1） 21,567 15,551 11,059 48,177

Total of DMA 1 46,031 37,535 26,249 109,815 Approx.410

UP （DMA 2） 11,598 8,517 7,622 27,737

VP （DMA 2） 5,109 4,320 5,616 15,097

WP （DMA 2） 43,624 43,241 31,439 118,252

YP （DMA 2） 8,499 9,124 8,448 26,071


SP （DMA 3） 7,345 6,492 5,528 19,365

TP （DMA 3） 8,720 10,841 9,018 28,579

ZP （DMA 3） 7,628 8,130 6,575 22,333


Grand Total 138、554 128,200 100,495 367,249Approx.

1,360

【 2-3-4】 (a) Construct a demonstration chamber to check its performance, (b)

Implement improvement works for water ingress of the constructed chambers,

and (c) Install the equipment and conduct trial runs of SCADA system

(1) Work Schedule

Activities (a) and (b) were added in March 2016 after water ingress to the chambers was observed in

July 2015. Work schedules were revised many times according to the actual progress Figure 3-14

shows the work schedule (original and revised plans and actual progress).

1) Original Work Plan

Installation of SCADA system was to be completed in April 2014 and afterwards SCADA operation

and technical transfer was scheduled for 2 years.

2) First Revision

Work plan (tendering schedule) was revised due to the followings:

obtaining of road cutting permission and additional road cutting to confirm pipe information,

selection of contractor of SCADA system,

change of contract style (from price competitive bidding to 2 envelope bidding)

JICA concluded the contract with RDS in June 2014.

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3-27

Table 3-12 Steps of Tender Process

Public Announcement of Tender24th February 2014 to 28th February2014 (on JICA India website)

Period of showing interest by Tenderers24th February 2014 to 28th February2014

Number of firms documents issued 3 firmsDate of pre-bid meeting (including site visits) 10 March 2014Submission and Opening Date of Technical Tender 1 April 2014Submission and Opening Date of Financial Tender 2 May 2014Date of issue of Contract Award 15 May 2014

Date of Signing the Contract5 June 2014, Contractor: RecktronicDevices and Systems (RDS)

Table 3-13 shows work schedule in the contract document submitted by RDS.

Table 3-13 Work Schedule of SCADA Installation by RDS

Preliminary Survey and Submission of Documents Jun-Jul 2014Submission of SCADA design for the Employer’s Approval Jul-Aug 2014Purchase Order Aug 2014Factory Inspection of Equipment and Delivery Sep- Nov 2014Installation of Equipment Oct 2014 - Jan 2015Site Inspection and Commissioning of Equipment Dec 2014 - Feb 2015Test Operation and Handover of SCADA System 2 May 2015

SCADA works were provisionally completed in July 2015 behind the schedule of RDS. The major

reasons of delay are shown below.

<Major reasons of delay>

a) Submission of SCADA design documents for approval was delayed and subsequently approval

of equipment manufacturing was delayed by 3 months (planned July to August 2014, actual July

to November 2014)

b) Specification of pipe material required confirmation of pipe material after trial digging.

However, DJB did not apply digging permission requested by RDS to the concerned road

agencies for a long period being afraid that the permission would not be obtained due to large

size of road digging. So the contractor could not get approval of road digging from the

concerned road agencies on time. Therefore, RDS could not order pipe materials in early stage.

(planned September to November 2014, actual October 2014 to June 2015)

c) Pipe material could not arrive at site on schedule due to the delay in pipe manufacturing. Date

of delivery is very flexible in India even if delivery time is mentioned on manufacture’s invoice.

(planned September to November 2014, actual October 2014 to June 2015)

d) Some section of distribution pipeline where valve and flowmeter were to be installed was

diverted due to the site condition (Drainage was found close to the distribution pipe. Therefore,

no space was available to construct chamber). Preparation of this contract deviation by RDS


3-28

was delayed.

e) Power supply work to be conducted by power supply company was delayed due to the lack of

human resources and materials during high demand season (in peak summer). (planned May

2015, actual July to August 2015)

PLC Panel installation(Location No.4)

Valve and Flowmeter installation(Location No.2) 25 May 2015

Flowmeter installation(Location No.4)

3) Second Revision

Water ingress was observed in July 2015 when SCADA equipment was almost installed. Fearing

electricity leakage leading to damage to equipment, RDS suspended installation of the actuators to

the electrically-driven control valves. Completion date of SCADA installation was deferred to April

2016 from the original date of March 2015 in the revised contract between JICA and RDS.


3-29

Ingress of water was observed inside chamber(Location No.6) 11 August 2015

Ingress of water was observed inside chamber(Location No.11) 11 August 2015

4) Third Revision

In the 5th JCC meeting (March 2016), JICA and DJB agreed to take measures to prevent water

ingress to the chambers and to extend the Project period by 1 year and 8 months until March 2018.

The measures were to improve the water resistance of the chamber and install a water level sensor.

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the measures proposed by JET, a demonstration chamber

was constructed from April to May in 2016, and confirmed as effective in August 2016.

In addition, as the installation work of the water level sensor was additionally carried out by the

RDS, time limit of the SCADA equipment delivery was changed to February 2017 accordingly.

Table 3-14 Improvement Works

PlannedWork

ScheduleStep Purpose Measures

April toAugust2016

1st Step

Reduction of water ingress byimprovement of watertightness of chamber againstwater

・ Sealing of gaps between the opening andsupporting frame

・ Improvement of water tightness between themanhole and supporting frame

・ Water-proof mortar coating to walls and slabs(Construction of demonstration chamber andimplementation of water-proof test on theconstructed demonstration chamber)

Augustto

December 2016

2nd StepCut-off electricity supplybefore the equipment issubmerged

・ Detection of water level in chambers and shuttingdown of electricity before the water levelsincrease beyond safe level

3rd StepSecurity enhancement in caseof failure of 2nd step above

・ Equipment and cables with appropriatewaterproof performance (procured mainequipment already conformed to IP68)

・ Electrical grounding and earthing system, earthprotection relay, circuit breaker

August2016 to

February2017

1st to3rd

Proper safety measures worksupervision

・ Quality assurance of electric cabling worksupervised by the local expert hired by JET

・ Appropriate periodical maintenance of SCADAequipment by DJB


3-30

5) Fourth Revision

DJB finished improvement works to the chambers in December 2016 while RDS started

improvement works of the SCADA system in January 2017 after the contract revision. Delivery

deadline was also extended to August 2017 in the revised contract.

During improvement works, the followings were observed:

1) Limited spaces in chambers at 7, 8 and 14 to install pressure gauges

2) Malfunction of flow meter at No.10

3) Delay of power connection contract and payment

4) Malfunction of data transferring system between the center and chambers

DJB contracted MTNL, telecommunication company in June 2015 where the communication

service was planned to start in February 2017. However, it actually started in June 2017. In addition,

as the connectivity is not stable, so the provider was changed from MTNL to Airtel. Out of the 14

connections, 8 were again changed from Airtel to Vodafone.

6) Fifth Revision

Water ingress to the chambers was observed again in June 2017. Additional improvement works to

chambers were conducted with change of completion date of SCADA system from August 2017 to

September 2017.

During SCADA trial runs starting from September 2017, many defects were found and repaired. In

December 2017, after repairs of all defects, SCADA system was completed. Operation of the

SCADA started in December and the technical transfer lasted to March 2018, only 4 months from

the originally planned 2 years.

7) Progress Meetings on SCADA Procurement

The meetings were held 25 times between July 2014 and November 2017 to coordinate the works

among DJB, JICA, RDS, the civil contractor (Koli) and JET. The details are attached to

Attachment-7.


3-31

Progress meeting on SCADA procurement atPitampura Pilot Project among JICA India,

JICA’s contractor, JET, DJB and DJB’scontractor on 15 December 2016

Progress meeting on SCADA procurement at Pitampura PilotProject among JICA India, JICA’s contractor, JET, DJB and

DJB’s contractor on 23 February 2017

【2-3-4】(a) Construct a demonstration chamber to check its performance

(1) Water Ingress to Chambers

The chambers were constructed by DJB to house control valves and flow meters. After the

construction, water ingress was observed in some of the chambers during rainy season.

Chamber No.9 under construction


3-32

Table 3-15 Water Ingress into Chambers

LocationInternal Size of Chamber Water Ingress

Equipment (by RDS)(constructed by DJB) July 2015 July 2016 July 2017

1W 2.70m x L 2.25m x D 2.30m No No No Control Valve (900mm)

W 2.70m x L 1.86m x D 2.30m No No No Flowmeter (900mm)



3 W 2.20m x L 2.64m x D 1.60m No NoNo Control Valve and Flowmeter

(150mm)


(150mm)



6W 2.30m x L 1.87m x D 1.50m Yes Yes Yes Control Valve (500mm)

W 2.30m x L 1.54m x D 1.50m Yes Yes Yes Flowmeter (500mm)

7 W 2.20m x L 2.71m x D 1.50m Yes YesYes Control Valve and Flowmeter

(200mm)

8 W 2.20m x L 2.71m x D 2.20m Yes YesNo Control Valve and Flowmeter

(200mm)

9 W 2.20m x L 3.11m x D 2.10mNot

constructed

Not

constructed

No Control Valve and Flowmeter

(250mm)


(250mm)


(300mm)


(100mm)

13 W 2.20m x L 1.50m x D 1.50m No No No Flowmeter (100mm)


(150mm)Notes: Refer to Figure 3.1 for the location MAP.

For the pipe with a diameter of less than 300mm, the control valve and flowmeter are installed in the same chamber.For the pipe with a diameter of more than 500mm, they are installed in separate chambers.

(2) Countermeasures against Water Ingress

The countermeasures against water ingress to the chambers which occurred in July 2015 were agreed

in December 2015 between DJB and JICA. They were confirmed in the 5th JCC meeting in March

2016. The demonstration chamber was built as the first step and the effectiveness of the

countermeasures were approved in the 6th JCC meeting held in August 2016. Table 3-16 shows the

background of countermeasures.


3-33

Table 3-16 Countermeasures against Water Ingress to Chambers

ResponsibleOrganization

JET DJB JICA (RDS)

PeriodConstruction of a demonstration

chamber and confirmation ofeffectiveness of countermeasures

Improvement work ofchambers

Countermeasuresagainst electricity

leakage

March 2016- Implementation of improvement

works was approved at JCC.April – May

2016- Construction of demonstration

chamber

Construction supervision(OJT)June – July

2016

- Water resistance test usingdemonstration chamber

- Examination and determination ofwater resistance improvementmethod of chamber

- Water resistance test using ademonstration chamber in the rainyseason

August 2016- Confirmation and final inspection of

flood condition of rainy season indemonstration chamber

Same as left

Quotation onadditional leakagecountermeasureconstruction

August –September

2016

- Decision of specification ofimprovement work to the existingchamber

- Work order of improvementwork for 13 chambersexcept No. 9

- Acquisition of road cuttingpermission for No. 9chamber

- Estimate evaluationand Contractnegotiation

October –December

2016

- Construction management support ofDJB construction (right) andtechnology transfer

- Implement improvementwork (side wall, top plate,bottom plate) of 13 existingchambers except No. 9

Contract

January –April 2017

- Promotion of acquisition of roadcutting permission for constructionof chamber No. 9

- Support for supervision of chamberNo. 9 construction by DJB

- Acquisition of road cuttingpermission for constructionof chamber No. 9

- Construction of chamberNo. 9

- Installation ofSCADA equipment

- Support of No. 10 chamberconstruction supervision by DJB

- Water leakage detection andpipe repair near the chamberNo. 10

- Reconstruction of chamberNo. 10

May –September

2017

- Waterproofing work of openings forall 14 locations chambers

- Power supply for all 14locations chambers

- Installation ofSCADA equipment

(3) Construction of the demonstration chamber

In May 2016, JET and DJB constructed the demonstration chamber. This chamber was constructed

with the same specifications as DJB’s to confirm the water resistance of the chamber already

constructed by DJB and the effectiveness of improvement measures.

1) First Test

It was confirmed that water entered into the demonstration chamber.


3-34

2) Second Test

After waterproofing work was carried out, the water resistance of the chamber was confirmed. With

this improvement work, water ingress through the walls and the top slab opening was prevented, but

through the top slab was observed due to its poor construction.

3) Third Test

Based on the result of the second test, the necessity is confirmed to improve the top slab on inside

the chamber, and additional improvement work was carried out. As a result, water ingress almost

lost. DJB's civil engineering manager (EE, NW) witnessed JET's resistance tests and confirmed its

effectiveness

Figure 3-15 Demonstration chamber

4) Final Test

In rainy season of August 2016, the water ingress to the demonstration chamber was observed and

then the improvement plan of the chamber was prepared.

Demonstration Chamber Constructionby DJB and JET

Discussion on Improvement Measures against WaterIngress to Chamber by DJB and JET


3-35

Water Proof Test on Side Wall of DemonstrationChamber

Water Proof Test on Top Slab of DemonstrationChamber

Meeting on Improvement of the ConstructedChambers among JET, DJB and Contractor

Chamber Improvement Work

Inspection by JET onImprovement of Constructed Chamber

(4) Other Measures

There was groundwater nearby the No. 10 chamber, and there was a risk of water ingress to the

chamber. So, JET requested DJB to investigate the source of the groundwater at the No.18 progress

meeting on SCADA procurement on 15 December 2016, but it was not identified by DJB. To

investigate the source, JET examined the groundwater using the simple residual chlorine kit, and

found that the source of groundwater was tap water (leakage water) containing chlorine. At the request

of JET, DJB found and repaired one illegal house connection and one inappropriate drain connection.

However, due to continued water leakage, DJB abandoned the detection of water leakage, and instead

eliminated the pipe and laid a bypass pipe.


3-36

Furthermore, the chamber No. 10 could possibly be submerged again in the future because there was a

problem with the construction quality of base slab and this chamber itself interferes with the sewage

underdrain. At the No.19 progress meeting on SCADA procurement on 23 February 2017, JICA and

DJB agreed to re-construct the chamber No. 10 to reduce the risk of future water ingress. DJB

constructed the chamber No. 10 again from February to April 2017 under the support of construction

supervision by JET.

(5) Guideline

The manholes will be opened and closed sometimes for maintenance of chamber and SCADA

equipment in future. As a result, the waterproofing function of the manhole cover is lost. In order for

DJB to acquire know-how to continue waterproofing by them in the future, JET transferred the method

of waterproofing measures to DJB through OJT. Furthermore, the method is summarized in the

guideline in Appendix 10 that includes SCADA operation and NRW calculation (refer to activity

2-3-11.

【2-3-4】 (b) Implement improvement works for water ingress of the constructed

chambers

In the 6th JCC meeting held in August 2016, implementation of the improvement plan for chambers

was approved. Thereafter, DJB undertook water resistance improvement work for inside of chamber

that was constructed at 13 locations except for No. 9 which was still not constructed. Through support

of construction supervision, JET conducted technology transfer to DJB on construction supervision

method.

The content of the improvement work implemented by DJB is shown in Figure 3-16.


3-37

Figure 3-16 Countermeasures to Chambers Constructed by DJB

JET also conducted the improvement works at manholes and openings in all chambers after

installation of actuators and other equipment by RDS. They are shown in the Figure 3-17.

1) Opening

Openings will be sealed completely with steel plate (3 mm thick), sealing material (silicon

sealant), jute rope and waterproof mortar because the openings are not required to open after the

equipment is installed inside the chambers.

2) Manhole

Manhole covers will be sealed with rubber material (rubber packing for pipes, Delhi Schedule of

Rates Item No. 1384), sealing material (silicon sealant), jute rope and covered again by sealing

material so that they can be opened easily when required for inspection of equipment installed in

the chambers and sealed back again easily.

Man-hole Openings

V MDistribution Pipe

DJB WorkWaterproofing Mortar (15mm)


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Figure 3-17 Improvement Works of Constructed Chambers by JET

【2-3-4】(c) Install the equipment and conduct trial runs of SCADA system

(1) Trial Run of SCADA by RDS

The following defects were found in October 2017 during the trial runs:

Malfunction of flow signal at No. 2 chamber

Malfunction of pressure signal at No. 12

Malfunction of actuators at Nos.3, 8, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Inspections were carried out jointly by RDS, DJB and JET on 25 and 27 October 2017 to identify the

remaining defects and work schedule of the remedial works. Inspections were again carried out jointly

on 29 and 30 November 2017 to confirm the repair of the defects identified in the previous inspection.

Most of the defects such as SCADA equipment, display of panels, roof and fences of the local stations,

cablings were repaired except 5 minor items. RDS repaired those 5 minor items by 14 December 2017

and SCADA system was completed.

(2) Completion Certificate

JET issued a completion certificate to JICA India office on 14 December 2017 who finalized the

contract with RDS. DJB (Addl. CEO) signed a completion certificate of SCADA system on 14

December 2017 and started its operation and maintenance.

(3) Training of SCADA

JET and RDS conducted trainings on outline and operation of SCADA system from 20 to 25

September 2017. Additional training comprising lecture and actual SCADA operation was conducted

from 29 November to 1 December 2017 when SCADA system was practically functioning.

Test was also conducted to check trainees’ understanding of the SCADA system which confirmed their


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good understandings.

(4) Development of Trainers

Table 3-17 shows the participants in the trainings who attended more than 6 days out of the 8-days

training and passed the test. Certificate of the training was issued to them by DJB and JICA India

office in the 6th seminar. They will be the trainers for the internal training held in future.

Table 3-17 Participants in the Training

No. Name Position

1 U. K. Rastogi Executive Engineer (E&M)

2 Gaurav Yadav Assistant Engineer (E&M)

3 P. C. Gupta Assistant Engineer (E&M)

4 Kuldeep Junior Engineer (E&M)

5 Mukesh Jindal Executive Engineer (Civil)

6 Sandeep Sharma Zonal Engineer (Civil)

7 Pramod Prasad Junior Engineer (Civil)

8 Ram Swarup Assistant Engineer (Civil)

9 Yogendra Singh Junior Engineer (Civil)

【2-3-5】Monitor flows and pressures within the pilot project area through SCADA

system

The SCADA screens used for monitoring are as follows.

1) SCADA Overall Monitoring Screen (Figure 3-18): it can geographically grasp pressure/flow,

valve opening percentage and operating condition (normal: green, abnormal: red) of all

measurement points on one screen

2) UGR Monitoring Screen (Figure 3-19): it can grasp the reservoir level and the operation status

of distribution pump of Pitampura UGR/BPS

3) Measurement point monitoring and operation screen (Figure 3-20): it can grasp concrete

pressure /flow, valve opening degree and condition at the measurement point and operate the

valve

4) Example of measurement point report (Figure 3-21): it can generate print and save as excel

format data of each measurement point.

JET transferred procedure to the trainees in the training held from 20 to 25 September 2017 for EE (E

& M) to record daily monitoring results and sends the result to JET. DJB acquired flow and pressure

data from SCADA from October 2017 and reported the monitoring results to SCADA experts (JET)

via email on weekly basis.

From December 2017, when installation of SCADA was completed, DJB officially launched the


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monitoring operation (SCADA operation, report preparation, etc.) of SCADA.

In the second week of December 2017, the baseline survey on the current distribution network was

conducted and the report of SCADA monitoring was prepared at DJB. Especially, the current

condition on the hydraulic situation (directions and rate of flow) and the amount of inflow to each

DMA and inflow pressure in the pilot area was confirmed and their trends were grasped.

Although there were some system troubles and failures, DJB responded well and JET confirmed

whether the monitoring operation by DJB was performed properly, and whenever there was a problem

on a daily task, JET advised DJB on the solutions.

Figure 3-18 SCADA Overall Monitoring Screen


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Figure 3-19 UGR Monitoring Screen

Figure 3-20 Measurement Point Monitoring and Operation


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Figure 3-21 Example of Measurement Point Report

【 2-3-6 】 Monitor inequitable water supply in DMAs and study how to control

flow/pressure to enhance equitable water supply

After inequitable water supply was observed among DMA 1, 2 and 3, pressure /flow control method

for equitable water supply was analyzed and the measures for equitable distribution were sought

through SCADA operation.

(1) Hydraulic Isolation of DMA

Zero pressure tests were conducted after completion of the SCADA system.

As a result, DMA 1 was confirmed hydraulically isolated because of zero pressure inside of DMA 1

when inlet valve was closed.

DMA 2 and DMA 3 were found not to be isolated hydraulically. DMA 2 shows slightly positive

pressure when closing the inlet valves indicating small-sized pipe connection to outside of DMA 2.

Pressure in DMA 3 shows almost the same pressure outside of DMA 3 indicating large-sized pipe

connection.

As a result, pressure and flow were controlled for DMAs 1 and 2.

(2) Problems related to equitable water supply

After the start of operation of SCADA from December 2017, (E&M) EE, AE, JE, (Civil) EE, AE, JE

and JET analyzed the result of monitoring of water supply situation based on SCADA monitoring


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report. As a result, the following were set as conditions concerning equitable water supply.

1) The amount of water distributed in other than three DMAs will not be changed

2) Inflow valves into DMA will not be closed fully including in non-water supply time

(3) Consideration of equitable water supply

Based on the SCADA monitoring report of 4 th to 10th December 2017 prepared by DJB, baseline water

pressure and flow were set up as follows:

1) Pressure

The average values of the baseline pressure measurements are shown in Table 3-18. The gap of

pressure difference between DMA 1 (1.54 kg/cm2) and DMA 2 (1.59 kg/cm2) in Table 3-18 was

0.05 kg / cm2 (0.5 m).

Table 3-18 Baseline of the Average Outlet Water Pressure (kg/cm2) of DMAs

DMA No. Location No. Pressure Baseline

1 7 1.54 1.54

2

4 1.61

1.5914 1.57

9 1.60

2) Flow

Table 3-19 shows the average value per connection for baseline flow rate measurement. In this

Table, the gap of difference in flow rate between DMA 1 (maximum value 0.73 m 3/day) and DMA 2

(minimum value 0.62 m3/day) was 0.11 m3/day (110 L/day).

Table 3-19 Baseline of the Avg. Volume/Connection (m3/day) of DMAs

DMA No.Location

No.Flow (m3/day) Connection (No)

Baseline(m3/day/No)

1 7 599.4 821 0.73

2

4 331.0

2015 0.6214 560.9

9 350.9

【2-3-7】Implement the flow/pressure control and confirm its effectiveness

In order to reduce the gap of the inequitable flow/pressure in DMA 1 and 2 in Activity 2-3-6, equitable

water supply operation had been tried using SCADA.

In order to secure the pressure and flow rate according to the amount of water used, the opening of the

valve had been controlled. While monitoring the flow rate and pressure of each DMA with SCADA,

trial of valve opening operation of each DMA had been repeated and carried out by JET and DJB with

evaluation in February 2017.


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(1) Result of pressure adjustment

The results of pressure adjustment are shown in Table 3-20. The pressure difference of 0.05 kg/cm2

(0.5 m) in Table 3-20 was reduced to the difference of 0. 02 kg/cm2 (0.2 m) between DMA 1 (0.77

kg/cm2) and DMA 2 (0.79 kg/cm2) by pressure control.

Table 3-20 Values of Average Pressures to DMAs after SCADA Operation

DMA No. Location No. Pressure After SCADA Operation

1 7 0.77 0.77

2

4 0.77

0.7914 0.73

9 0.86

(2) Result of flow adjustment

The results of flow adjustment are shown in Table 3-21. The flow difference of 0.11 m3/day (110 l) in

Table 3-21was reduced to the difference 0 m3/day (0 l) between DMA 1 (0.62 m3/day) and DMA 2

(0.62 m3/day) by flow adjustment.

Table 3-21 Average Inflow to DMA with Connection Number in DMA after SCADA Operation for

Equitable Water Distribution

DMA No.Location

No.Flow (m3/day) Connection Baseline

1 7 509.0 821 0.62

2

4 259.8

2015 0.6214 571.4

9 418.0

Note: The valve at location No.8 in DMA 3 could not be operated properly since DMA 3 is probablynot hydraulically isolated. During the Project, hydraulic isolation could not be completed.

【2-3-8】Calculate the total volume of water billed to the customers in the area based on the

RMS

(1) First Survey of Billed Volume (2015)

NRW is estimated by calculating the difference between the amounts of water supplied (input volume)

and the amount of water billed in a particular target area. The amount of water supplied is measured by

using SCADA. In order to estimate the total amount of water billed, JET firstly identified customers

and collected and organized the customers’ water usage data in the area.

The consumption data in RMS was analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that

DJB couldn’t conduct all households meter reading and the quantity of water consumption in RMS

was often input as the average value. Factors that hinder households meter reading are as follows.

1) The setting position of the meter is not decided by DJB. Therefore, the customers install meter


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inside their house to prevent theft.

2) Because of the above reason, when nobody is present in any household, it is not possible to

read the water meter and the meter reader must visit the same household many times.

3) When the meter is broken, the corrective action is not decided by DJB because the meter is

owned by the customer.

Monitoring of Installed Meter28 Feb 2015

Monitoring of Installed Meter28 Feb 2015

(2) First door to door survey (2015)

This survey was undertaken in accordance with the decision taken in the 4 th JCC meeting (September,

2015). DJB conducted the door-to-door survey along with JET to cover all customers in DMA1 to 3

(about 3,400 households). As a result, DJB could grasp the situation of actual unauthorized

consumption as DJB can connect KNO, which is a management number of RMS, with a customer

management number of the GIS through this door to door survey.

This investigation was completed by October, 2015 by the survey team (this team consisted of Mr.

Yogendra Singh (JE, Civil) as the team leader and assisted by 12 other staff members) which was set

up in DJB Pitampura Office by Mr. Vikram Singh (SE (Project) Water III).

Table 3-22 Result of the Door to Door Survey

As a result of the door to door interaction with customer, the number of households that could be

categorized as water theft is found as 131 nos. It is about 4% of the total number of households

surveyed (i.e. about 3,400). In addition, unidentified pipes (The pipe which is not in use anymore as

users have migrated or for cases in which it is difficult to identify users due to absence) were found at

644 locations. The sum is 775, i.e. about 23%.

No. of HouseholdSurveyed

Illegal connection Unidentified pipe

DMA1 821 13 95

DMA2 2,015 105 529

DMA3 566 13 20

Total 3,402 131 644


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Pic1 Meeting before door to door survey Pic2 Meeting before door to door survey

Pic3 Door to door survey Pic4 Door to door survey

(3) Integration of GIS data with RMS data

The data based on the survey results consists of the customer information (about 3,100 cases) which

has already been allocated a unique identification number in GIS along with other customer

information. Other than that (about 300 cases) have not yet been allocated unique identification

number in GIS as they are new customers.

DJB updated data that already has the unique identification number allocated in GIS.

(4) Second door to door survey (2017)

DJB conducted again the door-to-door survey in 2017 and made a list of the latest number of the

meters and KNO. Comparing RMS data with these findings, DJB calculated the latest billed

consumption volume.

DJB used the revised survey format and visited several times to houses to collect accurate information

when found absent in the first visit. The latest information on house connection is required, however,

the door to door surveys on the saturated and developed areas where movement of houses are few,

may take place once in 10 year.

【2-3-9】Calculate NRW ratio in the area

DJB calculated NRWs of DMAs based on the billed water volume of activity 2-3-8 and input volume

to DMAs obtained from SCADA system.


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(1) SCADA Data (System Input Volume)

EE (Civil), DJB calculated the average input volume from SCADA data dividing the accumulated one

in the monitoring period by number of monitoring period.

(2) Billed Authorized Consumption Volume

DJB obtained the latest RMS data in all Pitampura area in February 2018. DJB extracted data of each

DMA using KNO of RMS data and door-to-door survey results and calculated the billed water volume

in each DMA. The latest RMS data is shown in Table 3-23.

Table 3-23 Billed Water Volume and Number of Connection in 2017

Billed Water Volume (liter /connection /day) Number of Connection in 2017

DMA1 392 796

DMA2 1,005 1,990

DMA3 1,335 435

Total 2,732 3,221

(3) Calculation of NRW ratio

NRW was calculated in DMA 1 only and it was 60 %.

NRWs in DMAs 2 and 3 will be calculated after confirmation of hydraulic closure of DMAs 2 and 3.

NRW was calculated by EE (civil) but is to be calculated by DMA cell headed by Director (Revenue)

from April 2018. EE (civil) will be a lecturer when long-term training is conducted that was already

programmed by the Training Cell.

Table 3-24 Calculated NRW Ratio

Input VolumeBilled WaterVolume

NRW Ratio Note

DMA1 987 392 60%

DMA22,000 1,005 50%

Provisional due to incompleteDMA

DMA3 - 1,335 -

【2-3-10】Demonstrate leakage detection activities in the area

(1) Preparation of Demonstration

Technology of leakage detection practiced in Japan was demonstrated to DJB (particularly LDI unit of

DJB) using equipment brought from Japan. The site was selected after survey in 3 DMAs. The

followings were taken into account during the demonstration:

1) Noise emitting from leakage is difficult to detect due to heavy use of private pumps during

supply period in the mornings and evenings.

2) Correlator leakage detectors need valves or fire hydrants to connect directly to pipe but

adequate number of valves are not available in the pilot project area.


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3) LDI unit of DJB has leakage detection equipment such as acoustic rod, electric leak detector,

correlator, pipe locater, and metal locater, however, are not acquainted fully to them.

Electrical devices seem to be not calibrated.

(2) Implementation of Demonstration

The demonstration was held at DMA 1 in the early morning of 25 August, 2014. Approximately 50

participants attended the demonstration, consisting of approximately 30 persons from DJB including

Addl. CEO and 20 persons from Japanese side.

An explanation about water leak detectors (acoustic rod, electronic leak detector and electromagnetic

metal pipe detector) was made at Pitampura UGR/BPS, followed by OJT with water leak detectors. TS

Leak Checker (time integration method), which can help to rapidly detect water leak point and easily

handle without expertise, was introduced at that time.

Most of the participants from DJB including Addl. CEO experienced handling of the water leak

detectors and detecting buried pipes and water leak locations. The LDI unit received guidance directly

from JET to handle not only the devices brought by Japan but also the devices owned by DJB

(acoustic rod, electronic leak detector and electromagnetic metal pipe detector), which has not been

used because no one is aware of use of these devices.

JET made a presentation about outcomes of the demonstration in 3 rd seminar held on August 2014.

The major issue of high NRW rate in Delhi was presumed water leak and DJB showed keen interest in

the issues with several questions in the seminar.

Meeting of Leak Detection Demonstration forwater supply condition with DJB Zonal Engineer

Site Selection for Leak Detection Demonstration with DJBZonal Engineer


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Meeting with DJB (LDI) staff to confirm theirequipment of leak detection

Equipment of leak detection and pipe locator owned byDJB

Technical Assistance for Leak Detection23 August 2014

Technical Assistance for Leak Detection with LDI23 August 2014

Leak Detection Demonstration-125 August 2014

Leak Detection Demonstration-225 August 2014

【2-3-11】Prepare manual and guideline for flow/pressure control and NRW monitoring

The manual was compiled as SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) together with RDS that are

attached in Manual (SOP) of Appendix 10.

Since October 2017, when SCADA system began operation, EE (E & M), DJB started preparation of

the weekly monitoring reports and sent them to JET and further sent to CE (West) to strengthen DJB's

SCADA operational capacity. This procedure is described in the guideline that is attached in

“guideline” of Appendix 10 with DJB.

In discussion with EE (E&M) at the end of October, JET consulted and agreed on the draft table of


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contents of guideline for maintenance of the chambers and procedures related to SCADA system

maintenance.

Furthermore, by the 3rd week of December 2017, JET and DJB assigned the responsible person in DJB,

the procedure of equipment inspection, the regular reporting system, the procedure of equitable water

distribution by SCADA and calculation of the NRW rate, maintenance of the chamber and SCADA

with DJB along with the guideline’s table of contents

DJB and JET agreed in February 2018 to store the manual/guideline in the DJB Library so that they

can be accessible to all interested DJB engineers.

【2-3-12】Hold a seminar to disseminate the scope and outcome of the pilot project

across the entire DJB

In the 5th seminar held in August 2017, the objectives of introduction of SCADA, details of pilot

project, SCADA function, etc. were presented by E&M engineers in Pitampura and JET jointly.

In the 6th seminar held in February 2018, DJB's engineer in Pitampura presented introduction of the

SCADA system, the results of the activities 2-3-5 to 2-3-11 of the equitable water supply and the

calculation of NRW rate, introduction of the guideline, future training plan, O&M system and

challenges for the future.

【2-4】Identify issues that need to be addressed for further enhancement of equitable

distribution and NRW monitoring

The know-hows gained and the issues encountered in the pilot project are expected to contribute to

achievement of equitable water distribution in the Chandrawal WTP command area being developed

in the Japanese ODA loan project.

In order to share these findings within the DJB, DJB will make use of this SCADA system as a

training center to realize equitable water distribution in the entire Delhi.

The issues explained below are identified essential as a result of the Output 2 activity to achieve

equitable water distribution and NRW reduction.


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(1) Hydraulic isolation of DMA

Isolation of DMA should be maintained when new pipe lines are laid. In parallel, information on new

pipe lines should be updated in the Mapping Cell. Engineers responsible for pipe laying should

provide new information to the Mapping Cell.

(2) Optimization of pipeline

Equitable water distribution can be achieved by operation of valves by SCADA. In addition, pipe

network system (diameter, route etc.) should be adequate to distribute water smoothly.

Further, in order to achieve continuous water supply and to provide equitable and stable water supply,

the following steps are also required and introduced besides introduction of distribution SCADA and

prompt calculation of NRW rate.

Step1: Ensuring adequate amount of water by reducing NRW, especially the water leakage

Step2: After securing water volume, increase the discharge pressure of BPS

Step3: Shifting to 24x7 water supply and stopping of individual booster pumps and roof-tanks.

(3) DMA Cell

DMA cell currently calculates NRW in 33 DMAs and DJB needs to include NRW in the 3 DMAs of

the pilot project. DMA cell deals with mainly revenue issues and needs to extend its activity from

calculation of NRW to reduction measures of NRW. So cooperation between revenue side and civil

side is required.


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CHAPTER 4 OUTPUT 3 (Draft of scenarios for stage wise

development of GIS/RMS application in DJB is

prepared)

DJB has been facing vicious administration cycle: existence of the old facilities, inadequate operation

and maintenance of the old facilities, high ratio of NRW, worsening of financial balance and

insufficient budget for operation and maintenance and aging increase of NRW ratio. In order to break

this vicious administration cycle, ways leading to financial improvement to secure adequate O&M cost

need to be sought by setting of water charges covering for investment cost based on renewal timing of

facilities, and prolonging lives of the facilities by proper O&M. For such a purpose, GIS/RMS is very

useful tools to acquire data for administrative decision making. GIS/RMS data can be used to analyze

and visualize facility conditions, O&M conditions and financial condition.

GIS is often used as a tool to manage data on utilities such as water supply facilities, particularly

pipelines that are laid underground and invisible. By collecting and organizing sufficient data,

application of GIS can be expanded. The GIS/RMS application scenario was formulated in the Project

to help strengthen DJB’s management and financial position based on clear understanding of visions

of DJB.

The long-term and medium-term scenarios and asset management guideline upto 2021 in terms of

development and utilization of GIS/RMS were prepared and submitted to DJB in March 2015. Terms

of reference for the component 5 of Japanese ODA loan project, that is GIS data for the water facilities

in whole of Delhi and the asset management plan of DJB, is to be prepared based on this guideline.

Output 3 was implemented mainly by the following members.

DJB JET

Vikram Singh

S. E. (Project) W-III

Yoichi Yamamoto

Water Supply Management

Hiroshi Izumoto

GIS Application

Chander Parkash

E. E. Mapping

B. S. Jaglan,

Director (Revenue)


4-2

【3-1】Review existing DJB’s management policy/vision and business plan

JET discussed with DJB staffs including executives in DJB to find out direction of DJB for future

development. As a result, there seems to be no management policy, vision and business plan other than

“equitable water distribution, financial sustainability and accountability” that is shown in the website

of DJB. There is no defined standard for rehabilitation e.g. when or what condition.

Status of the facilities are not grasped and evaluated so that even if prioritization of rehabilitation of

the facilities or implementation of rehabilitation is carried out, its effectiveness is hard to evaluate. As

for the rehabilitation plan and construction of new plant, DJB usually carries out activities based on

Master plan and Feasibility study which is prepared by international cooperation.

Therefore, JET tried to identify issues after review and evaluation of the current situations on the

following aspects:

(1) WTP

(2) NRW reduction

(3) Water meter reading, collection of water charge and RMS

(4) Facility rehabilitation plan

(1) WTP

WTPs of Sonia Vihar, Nangloi and Dwarka were constructed after year 2000 and were constructed

based on Design, Build and Operate (DBO) contract. The contractor of construction is continuously

engaged in O&M.

WTPs of Chandrawal, Wazirabad, Hyderpur, Bhagirathi, Bawana and Okhla were constructed before

year 2000. These WTPs are operated by DJB directly. According to the rehabilitation plan of MP,

Bhagirathi WTP was rehabilitated with BOT contract, and O&M is carried out by the same contractor.

WTPs of Chandrawal and Wazirabad are respectively financed by JICA and ADB, and their

rehabilitations will be implemented by BOT.

1) Existing Condition of WTP operated by BOT

a) O&M is properly carried out by outsourced company. Those commissioning conditions are

arranged clearly. The supervising organization for facility management and analysis of water

quality are also prepared.

b) The O&M supporting system is introduced for staff to effectively implement O&M activities

such as daily working and periodic maintenance, management of maintenance schedule and

recording of equipment status. This system has also bridged the technical gap among the


4-3

staffs and enabled every staff to perform similar operation and maintenance activities.

Furthermore, it facilitates easy sharing of the information.

2) Existing Condition of WTP operated by DJB

a) Many facilities are operated manually like a start/stop switched by ON/OFF.

b) Operational staff is allocated to each facility exclusively for simple operation and no operation

manuals are required.

c) No drawing of facility layout etc.

d) No equipment lists.

e) No records and database on the status of maintenance and not good condition of the facilities.

f) Operation method is very ineffective to operate WTP appropriately. Each facility in WTP is

operated at the fixed time, regardless of change of condition.

3) Review and Evaluation of WTP operated by DJB

The following are required:

a) Unified standards for rehabilitation of facilities and equipment.

b) Design drawings. This may be one of the major issues related to not carrying out efficient

operation, maintenance and effective rehabilitation also.

c) List of asset, list of equipment, list of record of inspection and repair

Investigation at Sonia Vihar WTPInvestigation for database creation in Chandrawal

WTP phase II on 24th January 2014

Investigation for database creation in ChandrawalWTP phase I on 28 January 2014

Investigation at Chandrawal Ion 28 January 2014


4-4

(2) NRW Reduction

1) Existing Condition

a) The total number of staff in LDI unit is 33 persons (1-EE, 4-AEs, 2-JEs and 26-fitter). LDI staff

identifies specifically leakage points based on the report of the zonal offices. However, they do

not repair leakages. Planned leakage detection and preventive measures are not carried out.

b) Zonal offices that are responsible overall distribution in their zones, repair leakages based on

the report of the customers. Planned leakage detection and preventive measures are not carried

out.

c) LDI has various kinds of leak detection equipment such as acoustic rod, correlation-type leak

detector and so on. However, it could not be confirmed on how DJB utilizes the equipment.

LDI unit confirms leakage only visually.

d) LDI staff cannot access GIS maps in the Mapping Cell. So, leakage detection is conducted

together with zonal engineer.

2) Review and Evaluation


a) Implementation of planned leakage detection activity

b) Establishment of organization of emergency repair work

c) Effective utilization of leakage equipment

d) Acquiring knowledge of leakage equipment

e) Preparation of DMA for implementing effective planned leakage detection activity

f) Investigation of reasons for leakage including a leakage history and a repair history

g) Implementation of planned leakage detection work based on the GIS maps

(3) Water Meter Reading, Collection of Water Charge and RMS

1) Outline

Approximately 600 staff members are working at about 20 zonal offices for water meter reading,

issuing of water charge bill and distributing the bill and so on. DJB has about 1,730,000 water

users. Only approximately 900,000 to 1,000,000 households are metered and pay water charge

based on water meter reading. The frequency of water meter reading is once every 3 months.

2) Process of water charge collection

a) Zonal staff reads water meter and records on MRD (Meter reading diary)

b) All data of water meter reading is sent to Head office in DJB

c) These data are input to RMS system by outsourced company

d) Water charge bills are issued by head office staff

e) Zonal office staff distributes water charge bills


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3) Payment of the water charge bill

The credit card, debit card and online payment systems are available for the payment of water

charge bill. In the existing conditions, majority of users are making payment in cash. There are

various places where users can pay water charge bill, for example, CSC (Common Service Center),

Kiosk, designated banks and counter of DJB and so on. Of the total customers, about 25% pay at

CSC, about 20% pay at Kiosk, about 5% make payment in bank and about 50% go to the DJB

counter for making payment. There are about 90 DJB counters in total, of these about 60 counters

are operated directly and others are operated by outsourcing.

4) RMS

RMS is installed and connected to all the zonal offices. Individual KNO is allocated to a customer.

A customer can access to RMS using KNO at WEB-based environment.

5) Water meter reading

a) The water meter reading staff members seem to be facing big trouble with meter inspection.

The book of water user registration exists, and water meter reading is carried out. However,

staff members always have to compare the book with user’s water meters, which take a lot of

time.

b) The installation place of water meter differs depending on the house, and it is very difficult to

find the location of water meter. Also, it is very inconvenient for other meter-readers to be

shifted to a new area to understand the locations in such a condition.

c) Handy terminal system is very useful and efficient to record and issue water charge bill. But as

for the efficiency, it is not easy to find the installation place of the water meter. As a result,

even after using handy terminal system it will take a lot of time to carry out the reading of

water meter.



a) Improvement of water meter management / standardization of location of water meter

b) Preparation of GIS map showing locations of water meter

c) Standardization of water meter calibration

d) Preparation of database of the book of water users’ registration

e) Efficient water meter reading

f) Unification of water meters number and KNO


4-6

Observation of water meter reading at site

(4) Rehabilitation Plan of Facility

1) Existing Condition

Many facilities like water treatment plants, transmission and distribution pipes, pumping stations,

are very old. Therefore, rehabilitation of such facilities is required. At present, major rehabilitation

program is carried out using foreign funds like Japanese ODA loan and ADB loan.


DJB needs to prepare standards of inspection and rehabilitation of the facilities based on periodical

inspection of the facilities. Then, DJB can prolong the lives of the facilities and spend funds to

rehabilitate or renew the facilities adequately. Asset management will be an effective tool to conduct

the above and DJB needs to prepare and implement rehabilitation according to the asset

management.

【3-2】Clarify the issue to be tackled to achieve the above-mentioned policy /vision and

plan

(1) Issues and problems

Seven issues and problems of DJB were identified and classified.

1) Aging facility

a) Quantity of treated water decreases because of the capacity of WTP is getting worse by aging.

b) By the drop of the facility’s functioning, the water quality standard is difficult to maintain.

c) Stable water supply is difficult because of frequent breakdowns and outages of facility.

d) By the drop of the treatment efficiency, energy consumption increases unnecessarily.

e) Operation and maintenance cost increases.

f) There are frequent leakages in aging pipes.

g) Water supply pressure decreases due to the deterioration of pipe internal condition.


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h) Accurate water meter reading is difficult because old water meters are used.

2) Intermittent water supply

a) Consumers cannot get enough water when it is necessary.

b) There are lots of complaints from water consumers.

c) Unnecessary equipment such as booster pumps or roof tanks are necessary for getting water

and the burden on residents is very high.

d) It is difficult for poor people to get water service because they cannot prepare and purchase a

booster pump and a roof tank which is necessary for intermittent water supply.

e) Because of insufficient water supply water, users have no motivation to pay water tariff.

f) Water quality problems occur due to sewage inflow as a result of negative pressure in water

pipe.

g) It is difficult to detect water leakage point because water is not available all the time.

h) It becomes a trouble for the firefighting because water is not available all the time.

3) Unsatisfactory level of water quality

a) There are lots of complaints from water consumers.

b) Water consumers have no incentive to pay water charges because they are not satisfied with

the quality of water.

c) Water consumption does not increase because the water quality is not satisfactory for

consumers.

d) Increasing the annual revenue is difficult to anticipate.

4) Staff allocation

a) Surplus staff allocation at each WTP and BPS

－Personnel expense is very high.

－Personnel management is difficult.

b) DJB’s peculiar method of facility management

－Workers are usually located in specific facilities and perform the same task in their lives.

－Technical transfer is limited only to specific fields.

－Cooperation between other fields is less, as a result it is difficult to carry out effective

operation as a whole facility.

－It is difficult to make backups among WTPs because there are no sharing of information.

5) Deficient water leakage prevention

a) Emergency repair work is very difficult.

b) Planned leakage investigation is very difficult.

c) Technical knowledge about leakage detection and prevention are not transferred.

d) DJB staffs cannot use leakage detection equipment effectively.


4-8

e) Water supply service worsens as a result of ignoring water leakage (water outage, water

pressure drop).

f) It is difficult to reduce NRW, bringing in worse management.

6) Inefficient water meter readings and water tariff collection

a) Due to no unifying location of water meter, it takes a lot of time to find water meters and

conduct water meter reading.

b) Because of small number of water meters, appropriate water charge collection is difficult.

c) There are many facilities which contribute to NRW such as public stand pipe and hand pump.

d) A large number of staff is necessary for inspecting water meter reading so that personnel

expenses are very high.

e) It is difficult to utilize RMS effectively (Number of RMS computer, Rule, System).

f) Due to inaccurate water meter reading, target of NRW ratio cannot be decided.

7) Defectiveness of As-Built drawings

a) There are no database of existing equipment and facility’s information. Information belongs

only to the veteran personnel.

b) It is difficult to grasp correct information about the location of laying pipe, the depth and the

pipe materials.

c) It is difficult to specify location of leakage so that emergency repair work cannot be carried

out.

d) Effective DMA setting for water leakage management is difficult.

e) Planned water leakage detection is difficult.

f) Location and operation of valve at the time of distribution route change is not understood.

g) The probability of accident occurrence is high when the construction starts because there is a

lack of information on correct location of electricity, gas and communication cables.

h) Connection between new pipe and existing pipe, and setting of necessary diameter is difficult.

i) Drafting of renewal plan and execution of asset management systematically are difficult.

j) It is difficult for inexperienced staff to understand the facilities.

One of the reasons for these problems might be the lack of staff capability and no appropriate

organizational structure in DJB. Other reason is that there are no visible management plans

(business plan and financial plan). Waterworks Bureau of Tokyo Metropolitan Government always

make three years management plan (business and financial plan) for three years.

In order to solve these problems, utilization of GIS and RMS and preparation of Asset Management

Guideline are necessary.Table 4-1 shows a more effective method to prepare an asset management

plan.


4-9

Table 4-1 Method of Preparing for Asset Management Guideline Effectively

Method

1.A

gin

gfacility

2In

termitten

tw

atersu

pp

ly

3U

nsatisfacto

rylev

elo

fw

aterq

uality

4S

taffallo

cation

5D

eficient

water

leakag

ep

reven

tion

6In

efficient

water

meter

reading

san

dw

atertariff

collectio

n

7D

efectiven

esso

fA

s-Bu

iltd

rawin

gs

1) Implementation of plannedrenovation and prepare a draftrenewal plan (GIS/RMS)

2) Preparation of manuals forfacility, operation and maintenanceand business management

3) Capacity development foroperation and maintenance staff

4) Preparation of waterworksfacility database (GIS/RMS)

5) Implementation of 24×7continuous water supply

6) Strengthening of organization ofwater leakage prevention andImprovement of NRW

7) Establishment of organizationand rule for accurate water meterreading

8) Utilization of GIS for designing,operation and maintenance,planning and upgrading of service

(2) Preparation for Formulating Asset Management Guideline

During second half of 1st Year, the database of facility and daily maintenance sheet of facility were

prepared as a 1st step of preparation of the asset management guideline. However, required information

for the asset management except revenue expenditure and revenue, were very difficult to obtain or do

not exist at all.

1) Proposal of Preparing the database of facility

Many facilities that DJB manages have passed more than 50 years after their commissions.

Therefore, aging facilities are the main causes of the concerns, thus upgrading of the facility is

becoming necessary. However, there are few data of facilities, list of equipment and drawings with

adequate accuracy.

Though simple and handwritten drawing exists as for the pipe information there is not much

database and DJB’s veteran staffs only have data in their memory. Under this situation, there are lots

of problems in carrying out daily maintenance, emergency repair work and making a renewal plan

and so on.


4-10

So, in order to proceed for efficient and effective water supply management, a facility database

would be very useful. This database would be utilized for proper O&M. JET prepared the sample of

the database for O&M of WTP. In order to utilize the prepared sample and to practice efficient

O&M, JET performed daily check (making of an inspection sheet, inspection record) of the

facilities of WTP with the technical staff of WTP of DJB.

2) Proposal of compositions of waterworks facility database

The facility database is composed of three parts: “Outline of facilities”, “Design drawing of

facilities” and “Flow chart of facilities”.

a) Outline of Facility

An outline of facility describes the key specification of all facilities and equipment such as

capacity, performance and year of installation. This information will be a base for repairing work

and making a renewal plan.

b) Design drawing of facilities

A floor plan of facilities and equipment drawings should be collected for operation and

maintenance.

c) Flow chart of facilities (WTP, UGR, BPS)

In order to understand water flow, water treatment process, and chemical injection point and

distribution route smoothly and effectively, a flow chart of water treatment facility including

water treatment plant and underground reservoir and booster pumping station will be useful.

3) Proposal of operation of facility database

This database would prove to be useful among operation and maintenance staff in DJB. It is better

to update data at DJB intranet. If it is difficult to use intranet, a booklet and PDF file can be

prepared and distributed to all branch offices.

4) Proposal of practice of daily inspection of water treatment plant

In order to prevent the troubles and accidents of mechanical and electrical equipment, it is important

to find early signs of abnormality through the daily and periodic inspection and take

countermeasures before reaching fatal accident. Because of this, sound, vibration, temperature and

current value of the equipment under operating condition is observed at daily inspection to grasp the

normal state of equipment. Based on the daily inspection, it is possible to recognize and judge the

sign of abnormality. And also, it is necessary to perform an inspection based on an inspection

standard covering inspection items and contents, inspection period and recording methods.


4-11

a) Purpose of preparing daily maintenance sheet

- To establish daily maintenance as routine

- To accumulate records and utilize them for repair and replacement works effectively

- To grasp normal situation and find abnormal condition of each equipment quickly

b) Daily maintenance route

- Follow the process of water treatment from receiving well to transmission pump house

totally

- Carry out daily maintenance once a day

c) Maintenance sheet

- Grasp the condition of each facility by a maintenance sheet

- Record the condition of tanks (water level, oil film, suspended solid, etc.)

- Record the condition of equipment (appearance, damage, abnormal noise, nasty smell)

- Record the numerical value of thermometer, pressure gauge and flow meter etc.

- Save the sheet and share the result of daily inspection among the maintenance staff

5) Activities in This Project

JET prepared the daily check route and inspection items of Chandrawal WTP and also made the

reporting system to their boss as OJT of "daily inspection in water facilities". The engineer of

Chandrawal WTP presented this activity in the 4 th seminar held in March 2015.

Confirmation of maintenance routes for WTP Daily Joint inspection of Chandrawal WTP

【3-3】Review GIS development and RMS in DJB

(1) Confirmation and review on development situation of GIS

1) System configuration

a) DJB uses ArcGIS Ver.10.0. DJB does not have the application which is customized for


4-12

waterworks.

b) DJB has one ArcGIS server and 10 desktop computers with GIS. Those are placed in Mapping

Cell of DJB headquarters, and only Mapping Cell staff members can use the system.


a) GIS is installed in only Mapping Cell. So other departments cannot use the system. In order to

widen the use of GIS, GIS should be installed in all departments of DJB.

b) ”ArcGIS” is used without customization so that operation is difficult without the help by GIS

professional staff. Easy-to-use GIS is necessary.

3) Activities in the Project

a) JET proposed the system where GIS data can be shared among all the zonal offices by

introduction of Web-GIS, and also proposed the introduction of Mobile-GIS where GIS can

be used not only at zonal office but at construction and a maintenance management site.

b) JET proposed to set up the facilities’ symbol of intelligible GIS visually in order to be

understood a facility arrangement easily.

(2) Varieties of GIS data

1) Present condition

DJB has two kinds of GIS data as described below.

a) Data established under NIC (National Informatics Center) project

Data built in the spatial information development project conducted by the central government

of India.

b) Data prepared by DSSDI (Delhi State Spatial Data Infrastructure)

Data built in the spatial information development project carried out by Delhi government.

The data covers all underground utilities, roads, buildings and houses. DJB has a copy of the

existing DSSDI database in the Mapping Cell. Development of GIS will be carried out based

on DSSDI.


It is necessary to adopt a uniform spatial data source to avoid any confusion. Therefore,

conversion from NIC to DSSDI is necessary at the early stage.


In the case of conversion to DSSDI, JET proposed that corresponding data should be converted to

GIS simultaneously after confirming the existing data and implementation of test pit investigation

for unknown data.


4-13

(3) Information management using the non-GIS


a) Design drawings and as-built drawings prepared by contractors are archived as CAD data. The

CAD data exists only in case of large-scale construction.

b) DJB has “WaterGEMS” as hydraulic analysis system provided under JICA MP. However, DJB

has not updated Water GEMS’s data.

c) Other related information is archived in paper form. (Drawings, Leakage reports, etc.)


a) In order to utilize huge information efficiently, changing the database storage media from

paper to digital form such as GIS is important.

b) It is desirable to carry out the simulation of the flow in pipe network analysis for the design of

a pipeline and O&M. After data creation is completed, introduction of the system of pipe

network analysis is desired.


a) Notes to be attentioned when converting data into GIS from CAD data are included in the

development scenario.

b) About the detailed information of the facilities where illustration is difficult in GIS (as built

drawing, facility database, flow diagram of WTP/UGR, etc.), JET proposed introduction of an

electronic file by introducing a GIS filing system.

c) About O&M information, including water leakage, a complaint, etc., JET proposed their

locations are plotted on GIS which can be understood visually.

d) As for the usage of future advanced GIS, JET proposed introduction of a pipe network analysis

system and development of an analysis model

(4) Actual situation of GIS utilization


GIS is only used for confirmation of the location where pipeline construction is done before actual

work.


a) It is necessary to expand the range of GIS utilization in order to improve the efficiency of the

waterworks operation.

b) GIS should be installed in all departments of DJB.


JET proposed that expansion of GIS including prevention work for leakage using the GIS


4-14

information, efficiency and improvement for measures of poor water supply, grasp of NRW for

each DMA using facilities/customer data, improvement of workability/accuracy for meter

inspection and utilization to asset management, and so on.

(5) Present situation of GIS data updating


Updating of data is implemented in DSSDI.

a) Workflow of updating

Step1: Drawings covering the planned construction site are printed from GIS by Mapping Cell.

DJB passes the drawings to the contractors.

Step2: After the laying work of the pipeline, the contractor puts information and route of the

new pipeline on the drawings. After that, the contractor submits the drawings to DJB.

Step3: EE checks and approves the drawings submitted by the contractors.

Step4: Mapping Cell inputs the approved information into GIS

b) Personnel for updating work

Six DJB staffs, no sub-contracting of the work is done.

c) Frequency of data update

Mapping cell carries out updating work every day. In case of pipeline construction costing more

than 1 crore (ten million) Rupee, acceptance inspection of construction contracts is completed

only after the input to the GIS.

A pipeline design/as-built drawing of CAD data contractor prepared is stored. (However, it

seems that CAD data exists only in large-scale construction.)

WaterGEMS was introduced as a pipe network analysis system at the time of MP (in 2011).

However, data has not been updated yet.

Variety of information has been managed only with a paper drawing (various drawings,

leakage information, etc.).


Data updating should be carried out immediately. In addition, it is necessary to make change or

improve present workflow to efficient one.


a) JET proposed an approach that each section (civil, O&M, customer) should update

information as timely as possible, using Web-GIS and Mobile-GIS.

b) JET proposed on how to connect site information with GIS information using Mobile-GIS at

daily meter reading.


4-15

c) About underground pipe, JET proposed on how to accumulate and store information on

facilities property and aging information gained by test pit investigations in GIS

(6) Layer configuration progress


a) DSSDI has layers for water source, treatment plant, pump, pipelines, valve, etc., covering

most of water supply facilities.

b) However, there are no layers for water hydrant and house connection such as water meter and

service pipe.

c) Layers for the maintenance management such as leakage record and pipe repair record are not

prepared.

Table 4-2 Comparison of DSSDI and NIC Data related to the Layer Configuration and Input Status


a) It is necessary to prepare all layers covering all water facilities.(e.g. fire hydrant, water meter)

b) It is also necessary to prepare layers for maintenance management to improve the efficiency of

O&M. (e.g. leakage point, repair point, construction site, water meter)

c) Transfer of data on valves from NIC to DSSDI is slow and needs to be accelerated.


a) JET proposed the layer composition which covered facilities and O&M information, and their

attribute lists.

b) JET proposed to set up the facilities’ symbols on GIS in order for an easy - understanding.

(7) Attribute items and progress of attribute data input (DSSDI)


Many attribute items have been prepared. However, more detailed attribute information is needed

for effective utilization.


4-16

Table 4-3 Status of Attribute Data by Layer


a) Information on size and material of pipes accounting for majority of the facilities are all input

to DSSDI. However, essential information on pipe age is missing and needs to be collected for

implementation of asset management.

b) Information on basic attribute of volume of wells and reservoirs are lacking. Similarly,

information on discharge volume and head of pumps is lacking and needs to be collected.

They are the basic information for O&M.

c) Status of openings and closing of valves is lacking. This is important when DMA is created.

d) Collection of important information is difficult because of few data in the past; however, study

on the methodology to obtain this information is required.


a) JET explained that filling of attribute data is important and linked with expandable use of GIS

directly through GIS and RMS application scenario.

b) JET proposed composition and attributes of layers covering both facilities and O&M.

(8) Development status of customer information


a) DSSDI has a layer for household information (Approximately 6 million records have been

input).

b) DJB is trying to match the household information in DSSDI with the customer information in

RMS by using address data. About 60% of data was matched.

c) All customers of DJB have “KNO” as customer ID in RMS.


4-17

Figure 4-1 Household Information and Customer Information

Table 4-4 Number of Household Records in DSSDI

Zone Number of records

Central 205,315

East 661,120

New Delhi 29,468

North 369,988

North East 660,397

North West 1,352,164

South 951,276

South West 730,802

West 996,741

Total 5,957,271


a) Effective reduction of NRW requires information on household and bulled amount is displayed

on the maps. So, it is necessary to complete matching work of the household information in

DSSDI and the customer information in RMS.

b) It is better to input information on installation points of water meter with KNO instead of

household information in GIS. It also helps to increase the efficiency of meter reading work.

(9) Review of RMS

1) Confirmation and review of development situation of RMS

a) RMS has been established by DJB.

b) All 22 zonal offices can access RMS (30 terminals for DJB and 3 terminals for PPP project

site)

c) All customers are identified with identification number called KNO and customers can access

RMS using KNO via internet.

d) RMS consists of 4 contents shown in Table 4-5

KNO Name Address ・・・

5623341500 ○○ ○○ ・・・

5623373956 △△ aa ・・・

5623406412 ○○ ○○ ・・・

5623438868 △△ bb ・・・

5623471324 ○○ ○○ ・・・

5623503780 △△ △△ ・・・

5623536236 ○○ cc ・・・

5623568692 △△ △△ ・・・

5623601148 ○○ ○○ ・・・

5623633604 △△ △△ ・・・

・・・・・・・・・・・・

RMS information

Household information(Address data)

GIS(DSSDI)

aa

bb

cc


4-18

Table 4-5 Contents of RMS

RMS Application Remarks

Consumer Portal Water users can utilize for confirmation of consumption of water and watercharge bill. And also application of house connection is possible. All waterusers who have KNOs can use this system.

BI Publish Enterprise Various reports are prepared in DJB.

CCB (Customer Care andBilling)

DJB maintains and manages customer information.

UCM (Universal ContentMeasuring)

The paper-based data such as the application records and other records in thepast are scanned and accumulated in the system. It is possible to provide thesedata to users when requested.


a) RMS is convenient system for water users.

b) It is necessary to connect RMS with GIS by placing customer information including water

consumption of RMS on sites of GIS. This will help reduction of NRW.

c) JET proposed that updating work will be conducted in each section by introducing Web-GIS

and increasing the user of GIS to increase works efficiently.

d) Linking of GIS and RMS is indispensable to the NRW reduction which is one of the big

problems on DJB management. This was taken into consideration as important matter in the

development item of GIS/RMS scenario.


JET proposed for linking of every house meter data on GIS and customer data on RMS,

improvement in efficiency for tariff collection work after linking, and an approach of improvement

in efficiency and effective measures of leakage.

【3-4】Study Japanese experience and system of GIS and RMS

The history of development and uses of Japan's GIS were introduced. The contents are shown below.

The introduction was conducted in March 2014 in Delhi and again in November 2014 in the training

in Japan.

(1) Overview of GIS application in Japan

- Field of applications

- History of introduction

- Update of GIS data

(2) Introduction of GIS utilization (including training by actual GIS operation)

- Data structure of GIS

- Function of minimizing affected areas by planned water supply interruption

- Hydraulic analysis (design of the pipe)


4-19

- Management of leakage history data

(3) Pipelines evaluation system

- Functional evaluation of the pipes (level of aging, anti-seismic, hydrogeological and water

quality)

- Prioritization of pipe replacement

Throughout the training, DJB participants were able to understand about advanced GIS and its

application in water supply services in Japan and the gap of GIS between Japan and DJB. DJB also

realized that more GIS development was required in DJB as an effective tool of asset management of

DJB. Further DJB understood the followings:

1) Accuracy of the GIS developed under the Output 1; service pipes locations were not included but

that needed to be developed in the next stage.

2) The proposed step-wise development of GIS was feasible for DJB.

3) The works proposed under the activities 3-5 and 3-6 were demarcated to each part: either

Japanese ODA loan project component 5 or DJB itself.

【3-5】Draft GIS and RMS application scenario in DJB for year 2021

DJB is planning to carry out topographic survey and input to DSSDI about all WTPs, UGRs, BPSs

and Tube wells. CAD data from topographic survey include not only water supply facilities, but also

all other structures that are not directly related to facilities’ management. In order to create GIS data

that focuses on the management of facilities, JET proposed the policy of conversion to GIS drawing

from CAD as shown in Figure 4-2.


4-20

(1) Specialize in water facilities

Delete trees, electric pole, lamp post etc.

Figure 4-2 Drawing Showing only Water Facilities

(2) Simplification and standardization

1) Draw canal and pipe as single line in order to understand water flow easily.

2) Draw only outline of facilities and buildings.

3) Delete canal and pipe that is not related to water purification and distribution.

4) Draw equipment that related to water purification and distribution as standardized symbol. (Ex;

canal, pipe, valve, flow meter, pump)

5) Input specification (Ex; Dimension, type, capacity etc.) of each facilities and equipment as

attribute data.

6) Detail information (Ex; Drawings, Facility database etc.) are stored in Filing system.


4-21

Figure 4-3 Drawing of Simplification and Standardization

【3-6】Draft GIS and RMS development scenario in DJB for year 2021

Based on the outcome of the study mentioned in Activities 3-2 and 3-3, JET prepared scenario of

application and development of GIS and RMS.

After discussion on the draft scenario with DJB, JET made a presentation on GIS/RMS scenario in

December 2014 before 23 officials of DJB (Including Addl. CEO), JICA India, and Japanese ODA

loan consultant. Prepared GIS/RMS scenario included the following:

(1) GIS utilization in Japan

(2) Review of water works management of DJB

(3) Review on development situation of GIS in DJB

(4) GIS/RMS application scenario in DJB

1) Database or drawings of facility (facility/pipeline) by using GIS.

2) Design, operation and maintenance, planning and improvement of service by using GIS.

3) Asset management (facility renewal plan) by using GIS.

(5) GIS/RMS development scenario

Step1: Reconstruct the existing Database structure of GIS

- Add or change layer structure and attribute items.

Attribute data

Drawing

⑤

⑥

・・・・・・

Centrifugal pump

500

50

・・・

・・・

・・・

・・・

・・・

・・・

Type

Diameter (mm)

Head (m)

Discharge volume (m3/min)

Revolving number (min1)

Voltage (V)

Motor Output (kW)

Number of Pole

Control method

Filing system


4-22

- Determine easy-to-understand symbols for each layer.

Step2: Feed existing data to GIS

- Past survey data/ As-built drawings/ NIC data etc. into GIS filing system

Step3: Add new information to GIS and improve data accuracy

- Data obtained from topographic survey. customers’ information

Step4: Expand GIS user in DJB

- Development of Web-GIS and Mobile-GIS, Method of data updating

Step5: Advanced application of GIS system

- Hydraulic analysis/ Asset management

(6) Schedule of developing GIS/RMS

After the presentation and discussion, the contents of GIS/RMS development scenario were classified

into the following 3 types with the development schedules.

1) Contents that should be carried out in the DJB.

2) Contents that should be included in Japanese ODA loan project Component 5.

3) Contents that should be included in Japanese ODA loan project Components 2, 3 and 4.

“Report of GIS/RMS Application and Development Scenario in DJB for Year 2021” (refer to the 3 rd

progress report) was submitted in December 2014 to DJB.

Presentation on GIS/RMS utilization application anddevelopment scenario on 12 December 2014

Presentation on Asset management12 December 2014

Discussion on Presentations12 December 2014


4-23

【3-7】Draft the guideline as an action plan for realization of scenarios

Asset management guideline was formulated by the analysis and use of GIS/RMS data. Before

preparation of draft asset management guideline, the management policy and issues of DJB have been

reviewed through the activities 3-1 and 3-2. Afterwards, a presentation was made before DJB officials

about "The concept of Asset Management" in December 2014.

JET explained on the “Asset Management Guideline for DJB” (refer to the 4 th progress report) by the

data analysis and utilization of GIS/RMS to DJB in March, 2015, and DJB approved it.

Description of introduced Asset Management guideline


5-1

CHAPTER 5 ISSUE, INNOVATIVE APPROACH, AND PRECEPT OF

THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Suggestion on Joint Work between JET and DJB

(1) Issue

Initially, DJB did not fully recognize the difference between the consultant’s service in Japanese ODA

loan project and the role of JET. So, officials of DJB were not active and rather responsive to the

actions and proposals of JET.

(2) Innovative Approach

JET and DJB had discussions on how to improve on the Project when DJB officials participated in the

training held in Japan. As a result, DJB reaffirmed on the purposes of the Project, and confirmed that

in order to achieve the objectives of the Project, active participation of DJB staff members in the

Project was necessary.

Furthermore, development of ownership of the Project by DJB executives was encouraged so that the

Project effect would be achieved effectively. In order to encourage DJB executives to participate in the

Project and improve their awareness on subjects, exchange of information and views between DJB

executives and JET was actively taken. As a result, the followings were observed:

DJB held JCC meeting proactively.

The Project Manager and Deputy Project Manager of DJB participated in JCC meetings and

progress meetings on SCADA procurement that was previously carried out without them by only

officials of Pitampura branch office.

(3) Lessons Learned

Officials of DJB tend to concentrate in the assigned tasks because of divided roles in each section of

the large-scale organization of DJB. In addition, there are limited responsibilities in the lower level

officials and great power and authority responsibilities in the executives. So, participation of the

executives in the Project accelerates on various decisions in the Project.

5.2 Disclosure of Guideline and Manual

(1) Issue

Various guidelines and manuals were prepared in the Project and they were utilized by the concerned

engineers. However, they are not disclosed and widely circulated in DJB and therefore not utilized by

other engineers.


All guidelines and manuals including those on SCADA system were stored in DJB library. These were


5-2

used as a reference material for internal training, and long-term training plan utilizing manuals and

guidelines will be formulated by DJB’s Training Cell.

(3) Lessons Learned

The effective sharing method of prepared materials should be confirmed beforehand and involved in

the related departments. In addition, as a strategy for wide sharing of the outcomes of the Project to the

organization, a mechanism for more reliable and sustainable implementation of the training plan

should be created through the following methods:

・ storing the manuals and guidelines prepared in the Project to a library

・ incorporating a training plan formulated in the Project in existing training systems,

5.3 Work Schedule Management

(1) Issue

SCADA system was planned and constructed in Pitampura pilot project site under Output 2. The

responsibilities of the stakeholders were as follows:

No. Stakeholder Contents

1 DJB ・ Application for road cutting permission,・ Design, tendering, contract and construction supervision of chambers,・ Connection of electric power with payment of monthly electricity

charge・ Connection of communication with payment of monthly charge・ Construction of water-proof measures (part)

2 DJB’s contractor (Koli) ・ Construction of chamber

3 JICA ・ Tendering and contract of SCADA procurement

4 JICA’s contractor (RDS) ・ Supply and installation of equipment of SCADA system

5 JET ・ Preparation of tender document, evaluation of bid prices, supervisionof procurement and installation of SCADA system

・ Construction of model chamber・ Construction of water-proof measures (part)・ Technical transfer of SCADA operation

The devises such as control valves with actuators, flow meters and pressure gauges in the chambers

cannot be installed independently but need to be installed along with the construction of chamber

construction such as the basement of chamber is constructed first, then devices installed and so on.

Five stakeholders were involved in this work due to which coordination in execution of work and

revision of contract was complicated and difficult.


Twenty five (25) progress meetings on SCADA procurement were held to coordinate the time

schedule of each work. Fourteen (14) meetings were held from July 2014 to July 2015 when most of

the equipment was installed. Afterwards, 4 meetings were held during work suspension period. Then,


5-3

7 meetings were held from June 2017 when the work re-started to November 2017.

(3) Lessons Learned

SCADA system consisting of various equipment and devises, chambers and connection of power and

telecommunication should not be constructed separately by multiple contractors but by a single

contractor. A single contractor with sole responsibility could prepare work schedule and implement it

smoothly.

If this kind of work separation is required, a project management engineer should be assigned for the

coordination. In addition, in the countries where construction culture is different from Japan, he or she

should be assigned continuously but not as spot for smooth management of construction schedule.

Time frame should also be planned as flexible in the Project preparation.

5.4 Construction of Chamber

(1) Issue

JET included 2 experts of DMA and SCADA works and they planned the pilot project such as creation

of DMAs and conceptual design of SCADA including local equipment such as valves and software in

the output 2. Based on the plan, DJB concluded the contract of chambers construction while JICA

concluded the contract of SCADA system as shown in Table in 5.4.

JET assisted JICA in TOR preparation, evaluation of the bidders’ cost estimation and coordinated work

schedule. JET and DJB decided jointly locations and sizes of chambers.

However, water ingress was observed in some of the chambers constructed by DJB that could lead to

electricity leakage with possible accident. In response, JET assigned civil engineer expert to prevent

water ingress by the measure of water-proofing of chambers.


JET carried out water-proofing works on the top slabs of the constructed chambers while DJB did on

the side walls and basement of the constructed chambers. JET worked together with DJB to transfer

the methods of water proofing works, and these know-hows (preparation of standard specifications,

construction sequence, supervision, etc.) were also disclosed as recommendations in the seminar.

(3) Lessons Learned

JET did not assume that DJB would construct brick-made chambers that would be susceptible to water

ingress. Hence, JET should have assigned civil engineer expert at the early stage of the Project,

communicated closely with DJB, and checked the specifications of chambers that DJB designed.


5-4

Furthermore, when constructing a structure such as chamber or procuring valves and flow meters at

the C/P’s cost specifications of such structure or equipment should be confirmed and agreed with C/P

at the detailed planning stage.

5.5 Hydraulic Isolation of DMA

(1) Issue

Hearings with the concerned engineers and trial diggings were conducted to create hydraulically

isolated DMAs at the beginning of the Project. After the creation of DMAs, a zero pressure test was

carried out to make a final confirmation of the hydraulic isolation of the 3 DMAs. Zero pressure

means that the water pressure in the DMA becomes zero when the inflow valve to the DMA is closed.

This test took place from December 2017 when the SCADA system started its operation to January

2018. As a result, it was found that although DMA1 was isolated, DMAs 2 and 3 were not isolated in

two places.


At the beginning of the Project, it was expected that there were unknown pipes besides the existing

pipes in drawing and it was difficult to secure the independence of DMA. For this reason, the area

where the network was simple was selected as the pilot area.

In addition, JET reviewed pipe drawings in Mapping Cell, interviewed the civil engineers who were

familiar with the pipe network in this area, further conducted the trial diggings, and set up DMA.

(3) Lessons Learned

Nevertheless, securing DMA isolation was difficult. Construction of DMA was based on the procedure

of 1) construction of DMA, 2) implementation of zero pressure tests, 3) detection of non-isolation of

DMA, 4) identification of cause of non-isolation, 5) devising countermeasures, and 6) ensuring

isolation of DMA. In the Project, JET carried out the work until stage 3) and part of 4) with DJB's civil

engineers, but couldn’t finish due to time constraints.

If the pressure test were conducted in October 2017 when all equipment was installed and could be

operated by manual at sites earlier than December 2017, isolation or non-isolation status could have

been identified. Therefore, work schedule like zero pressure tests, which can delay the succeeding

activities, should be as flexible as possible.

5.6 Calculation of NRW Ratio

(1) Issue

NRW can be calculated from 1) the amount of water flowing into the DMA and 2) the billed water

volume to all customers in the DMA. The former can be easily obtained from the SCADA system.


5-5

Billed water volume exists in RMS, but it is not organized by DMA unit. Therefore, based on the

customer number (KNO), the billed water volume in the DMA had to be counted for each DMA from

the RMS data corresponding to KNO.


RMS data was received in December 2017. In order to compile more than 3,000 KNOs in 3 DMAs,

JET and DJB tried to improve the efficiency of work such as picking up KNOs that match with the

address in DMA using excel, but that still took time. For this reason, in February 2018, JET discussed

with Addl CEO, Director (Revenue), etc. who has jurisdiction over RMS and suggested that KNO data

be given a DMA number so that data extraction (billed water volume) for each DMA can be made in

future. As a result of the discussions, DJB committed to implement this after April 2018 when RMS

contractors change. Furthermore, in course of the discussion, it was also found that DMACell exists

and calculates NRW for 33 DMAs already set by DJB. DMA Cell agreed to also calculate the NRW of

the 3 DMAs of the pilot project.

(3) Lessons Learned

If JET had discussed the calculation method etc. in December 2017 when received RMS data, JET

would have been able to work with DMA Cell earlier. JET needs to promptly obtain relevant

organization reform information from C/P, and it is necessary to hold timely discussion with the C/P

that is quickly reorganized.


6-1

CHAPTER 6 ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT PURPOSE

Six (6) measures are suggested at the joint terminal evaluation in January 2018, to be taken by the end

of the Project.

Table 6-1 Suggested Items at the Joint Terminal Evaluation and Achievement

No. Suggested Item Achievement Reference

1 Annual Maintenance of SCADA Not yet achieved.

2 Trial for the equitable water distribution Achieved. Output 2

3 Monitoring of the NRW ratio Achieved Output 2

4 Involvement of the Training Cell Achieved Output 2

5 Dissemination seminar Achieved

6 Acceleration of DPRs Finalization Not yet achieved.

6.1 Annual Maintenance Contract of SCADA

(1) Suggestion

DJB needs to accelerate the procedure to conclude the annual maintenance contract (AMC) by

February 2018 so as to operate and maintain SCADA system after the completion of the Project.

(2) Achievement

1) Background

DJB executives understood the importance of O&M of SCADA system and were preparing an AMC

of the SCADA system.

2) AMC of Soft Component

Contract of daily O&M of SCADA server with the supplier was being processed in DJB as of 7

March 2018. This is based on a single nominated contract because the supplied software is

customized to the pilot project and only the supplier has its operational know-how including

software.

3) AMC of Hard Component

DJB considered hard components to be covered by AMC from the beginning; however, it was

changed to 3 separate contracts.

a) Hard component 1 (devices and equipment) related to SCADA system like PLC

Devices and equipment have short life spans and are naturally vulnerable to damage. So, DJB

will procure 1 set of devices and equipment as spare parts and use instantly when damage occurs.

DJB was obtaining cost estimate for its budget preparation followed by tendering.


6-2

b) Hard component 2

Such appurtenances as flow meters and pressure gauges have long life spans and will be less

vulnerable to damage. These appurtenances are commonly used in DJB, different from hard

component 1 that is rarely used in DJB. When such appurtenances are damaged, DJB will ask the

currently contracted suppliers as a variation order. This type of contract is similar to leakage

repair.

c) Hard Component 3

Such appurtenances as valves and actuators have also long lives and will be less vulnerable to

damage. These appurtenances are commonly used in DJB, different from hard component 1.

When such appurtenances are damaged, DJB will repair them through normal tendering process

that will take about 1 month.

4) Prospect of Contract

AMC of soft component will be concluded once the Member (Finance) of DJB approves it

internally. Contract of hard components will be taken whenever damages take place. This contract

will be handled at CE’s level that assured to take necessary actions and has sufficient budget. Even

if this procedure is not taken, DJB has adequate know-hows and can repair them by itself.

6.2 Trial for Equitable Water Distribution

(1) Suggestion

In order to demonstrate the way of enhancing equitable distribution of water through SCADA system,

it is required for the Project to set the target (Y) of “indicator b” of the Project Purpose and control

water flow to minimize the gap in water pressure and volume between the highest DMA and lowest

DMA even in a short interval by February 2018.

(2) Achievement

Trial for equitable water distribution was conducted in January and February 2018. As a result, gaps in

water pressure and volume between the highest and the lowest DMAs were narrowed down according

to the set target (Y) (refer to Chapter 3).

6.3 Monitoring of NRW Ratio

(1) Suggestion

It is required for the Project to have the stakeholder meeting to make clear demarcation of

responsibilities for NRW ratio calculation and obtain NRW ratio for DMA 1 by February 2018.


6-3

(2) Achievement

DJB engineers and JET calculated a NRW ratio for DMA 1 as 60%. The result was reported through

CE (West) to Addl CEO on February 2018 (refer to Chapter 3).

6.4 Involvement of Training Cell

(1) Suggestion

In order to utilize the SCADA system located in Pitampura as the training facility effectively, it is

recommended to integrate the SCADA training into the DJB’s annual training program organized by

the Training Cell. In this way, the training can be conducted on a regular basis after the completion of

the Project. The Project should develop a draft long term training plan on SCADA and finalize the

plan with the Training Cell by February 2018

(2) Achievement

The Training Cell of DJB finalized a long-term training plan assisted by CE (West). Based on this, the

Training Cell announced in February 2018 to hold a seminar

6.5 Dissemination Seminar

(1) Suggestion

In order to widely share the benefits and good practices of the Project within DJB, it is recommended

to organize a seminar to disseminate the results of the Project before the completion of the Project.

(2) Achievement

DJB engineers (Civil and E&M) presented the results of trial of equitable distribution and NRW

calculation in a seminar held on 27 February 2018 with about 150 participants.

6.6 Acceleration of DPRs Finalization

(1) Suggestion

Though the DPRs for components 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Japanese ODA loan project have been drafted

more than a year ago based on the inputs from the Project, they have not been finalized by DJB and

not submitted to the Approval Committee. This is holding back the Project Purpose from its full

achievement as well as the smooth implementation of Japanese ODA loan project. Therefore, it is

strongly recommended that the process be accelerated by DJB to finalize them by the end of the

Project.

(2) Achievement

DJB instructed the Japanese ODA loan consultants in February 2018 to revise DI pipe material class


6-4

that was a part of the latest draft DPRs of 3 components, submitted in January 2018. The consultants

were revising it and would submit it in March 2018. When this is approved by DJB, approval

committee including the Ministry of Urban Development will approve DPR.

However, since the first draft DPR was submitted more than a year ago, DPRs were revised many

times at the instruction of DJB mainly on pipe material and class. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate

when the DPRs will be approved.


7-1

CHAPTER 7 SUGGESTION TO ACHIEVE OVERALL GOAL

Overall goal of the Project is: “To achieve the equitable and continuous water distribution in the

National Capital Territory of Delhi, by improving the water supply network including service network

to customers, thereby contributing in upgrading citizen’s living standard”. This overall goal is the

same as the goal of the Japanese ODA loan project, which is set to be achieved in 2023, two years

after the completion of the Japanese ODA loan project.

The agreement of the Japanese ODA loan project was concluded on 29 October 2012. Construction/

reconstruction/ replacement and renovation of the facilities will be conducted in the 4 components.

1．Water treatment plant

2．Transmission and distribution facilities including house connection in Western zone

3．Transmission and distribution facilities including house connection in Central zone

4．Transmission and distribution facilities including house connection in Eastern zone

Chandrawal WTP command area is divided into UGR command areas that are sub-divided into DMAs.

Water distribution will be managed on DMA basis. SCADA system will be introduced as a tool of

distribution management or equitable water distribution.

NRW ratio will be calculated in each DMA or DMA basis, ranked DMA according to NRW ratio.

Taking NRW reduction measures on the higher NRW ratio, water loss will be reduced and the saved

water can be used effectively, contributing to 24x7 water supply.

Thus the Project overall goal will be achieved when the project is constructed. The followings are

suggested for smooth implementation of the Japanese ODA loan project base on the Project:

(1) Early Implementation

More than 4 years have elapsed since November 2013 when the consultants started a detailed design.

However, no construction works have started yet in any of the 4 components.

As of March 2018, tendering is being processed for component 1 while DPRs of components 2 to 4

were under review by DJB. Although the facilities will not be completed by the target year of 2021

considering only 4 years are left and volume of works, the work should be accelerated to achieve the

Project purpose as early as possible. The followings are some of the measures considered:

Prompt decision by strengthening of the concerned section dealing with the Japanese ODA loan

project

Reduction in re-work by close communication between DJB and the consultants

Acceleration of tendering procedure between DJB and JICA


7-2

(2) Re-organization of Meter Reading Area (Suggested already in MP and terminal evaluation ）

Three-tier distribution system will be established in the Chandrawal WTP command area for equitable

water distribution.

1st Tier：from WTP to UGR/BPS (Transmission Facilities)

2nd Tier：from UGR/BPS to DMA (Main Distribution Facilities)

3rd Tier：Inside of DMA (Distribution Facilities)

Distribution SCADA center, placed at the WTP will monitor and control water flow to each DMA for

equitable water distribution. To do so, water demand in each DMA is to be known and this can be

estimated based on number of house connection in each DMA.

DMA cell has already grasped number of house connection in more than 30 DMAs that were

established as an experimental base in Delhi. Similarly DJB should know number of house

connections in more than 100 DMAs in Chandrawal WTP command area. Re-organization of Meter

Reading Area is recommended.

(3) Re-organization of Distribution Office (Suggested already in MP and terminal evaluation ）

Reduction of NRW is also a main purpose of the Project. Inflow to DMA can be measured by SCADA

system. Billed water volume can be obtained from RMS. If Meter Reading Area is re-organized

according to DMA, billed water volume can be easily obtained. Then, NRW ratio can be easily

calculated.

Once NRW ratio in each DMA is known, NRW reduction measures should be taken up starting from

the DMA with high NRW ratio. This will become the main works of distribution management offices

in addition to ensuring equitable water distribution. Hence, distribution offices should be re-organized

based on DMA.

(4) Integration of Household Survey Results with DSSDI maps

NRW consists of physical loss and non-physical (apparent) loss. Illegal connection is one of the main

apparent losses. Number of illegal connection is large although the number is being decreased thanks

to RMS.

Illegal connections are detected much easily than that of the leakages. In order to detect more, results

of household survey (connection) should be plotted into DSSDI maps in the Japanese ODA loan

project. This integration will clearly highlight connection status; legal or illegal.

(5) Integration of collected Pipe Information with GIS maps

In future in the mid- and long-term prospective, renewal plan needs to be formulated based on the

asset management; status or condition of each asset: Large benefit should be sought with small cost by

limiting facilities for renewal.


7-3

DSSDI maps are only information source of invisible pipes; however, status of pipes for rehabilitation

could not be evaluated based on DSSDI maps where there is little information on year of pipe

installation that is a major factor for rehabilitation.

The development scenario of GIS/RMS suggested the followings to accumulate correct information

for the future:

・ As-built drawings prepared under the components 2 to 4 should be input to GIS information.

・ Status of pipe by trial diggings should be reflected to GIS mapping of the component 5.

Asset management can be formulated accurately based on pipe information on GIS.

(6) Service Pipes and House Meters

Spaghetti-type house connections are commonly found in congested area with narrow streets where

distribution pipes are not properly laid out. In the Japanese ODA loan project, distribution pipes are

fully extended along every street and spaghetti-type house connections will be removed. It is

recommended that this type of arrangement can be applied in the entire Delhi.

(7) Suggested Items in the Mid-term Review

Although change of specification of chamber, method of construction supervision and process of road

cut permission (related to Output 1) was suggested and highlighted in the mid-term review, these were

already informed to the Japanese ODA loan consultants through DJB at the end of Output 1.